Browse content similar to Pontyclun to Ebbw Vale Town. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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For Edwardian Britons, a Bradshaw's was an indispensable guide | 0:00:04 | 0:00:09 | |
to a railway network at its peak. | 0:00:09 | 0:00:11 | |
I'm using an early 20th-century edition | 0:00:13 | 0:00:16 | |
to navigate a vibrant and optimistic Britain... | 0:00:16 | 0:00:19 | |
..at the height of its power and influence in the world... | 0:00:19 | 0:00:22 | |
..but a nation wrestling with political, | 0:00:25 | 0:00:27 | |
social and industrial unrest at home. | 0:00:27 | 0:00:30 | |
A century ago, South Wales could claim to have played a vital role | 0:00:53 | 0:00:57 | |
in making Britain the globe's greatest economy, | 0:00:57 | 0:01:01 | |
maritime power and empire. | 0:01:01 | 0:01:04 | |
But coal, the key to the region's and the country's wealth, | 0:01:04 | 0:01:08 | |
was unglamorous, and cities like Cardiff felt undervalued, | 0:01:08 | 0:01:13 | |
and so sought other ways to draw the world's attention | 0:01:13 | 0:01:17 | |
to their great worth. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:19 | |
I'm continuing in South Wales, | 0:01:27 | 0:01:29 | |
through the industrial core of the country, | 0:01:29 | 0:01:32 | |
where Welsh character and traditions were forged | 0:01:32 | 0:01:35 | |
through mining and migration, religion and rugby. | 0:01:35 | 0:01:39 | |
Heading east, I'll cross the Bristol Channel into | 0:01:39 | 0:01:42 | |
south west England, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel's | 0:01:42 | 0:01:45 | |
feats of engineering defied tides and spanned rivers, | 0:01:45 | 0:01:50 | |
before ending my journey in Cornwall. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:53 | |
My journey will take me to Pontyclun, | 0:01:54 | 0:01:57 | |
to the mint that exports more coins than any other. | 0:01:57 | 0:02:00 | |
I'll explore sporting and maritime milestones in Cardiff | 0:02:00 | 0:02:04 | |
before reaching Ebbw Vale, where I'll transfer to Bleanavon's | 0:02:04 | 0:02:08 | |
heritage railway. | 0:02:08 | 0:02:09 | |
On this journey, I discover how money is made in Wales... | 0:02:11 | 0:02:15 | |
And then when the guard opens, it'll come out. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:18 | |
HE LAUGHS | 0:02:19 | 0:02:20 | |
..test my sea legs and my lungs... | 0:02:20 | 0:02:23 | |
HE SHOUTS | 0:02:23 | 0:02:27 | |
..and get back on the tracks | 0:02:27 | 0:02:29 | |
at the highest station in Wales. | 0:02:29 | 0:02:32 | |
WHISTLE SOUNDS | 0:02:32 | 0:02:35 | |
My journey continues eastwards from Swansea. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:40 | |
Destination - Pontyclun. | 0:02:40 | 0:02:42 | |
It's always puzzled me why we prize gold so highly. | 0:02:44 | 0:02:49 | |
When you think about it, | 0:02:49 | 0:02:50 | |
why should we treasure it above all other minerals and things? | 0:02:50 | 0:02:55 | |
But over the centuries, as currencies have risen | 0:02:55 | 0:02:57 | |
and fallen in value, gold has been the reliable store of value. | 0:02:57 | 0:03:03 | |
100 years ago, as the British government prepared its war chest, | 0:03:03 | 0:03:07 | |
it wanted all the gold that it could lay its hands on. | 0:03:07 | 0:03:11 | |
At the time of my Bradshaw's, | 0:03:15 | 0:03:17 | |
the gold sovereign was a coin in general circulation. | 0:03:17 | 0:03:21 | |
I've come just north of Pontyclun, to Llantrisant, to investigate. | 0:03:21 | 0:03:26 | |
The Royal Mint moved here from London in 1968, | 0:03:28 | 0:03:32 | |
and produces all British coinage and much for export. | 0:03:32 | 0:03:36 | |
Its museum houses coins spanning 1,100 years... | 0:03:39 | 0:03:42 | |
..as well as medals for gallantry and Olympic victory. | 0:03:44 | 0:03:47 | |
I'm meeting museum director and numismatist Dr Kevin Clancy. | 0:03:48 | 0:03:52 | |
Gold has always been very closely associated with coinage, | 0:03:55 | 0:03:58 | |
is that right? | 0:03:58 | 0:03:59 | |
Yes, from the beginnings of the invention of coinage, | 0:03:59 | 0:04:02 | |
when the Greeks invented coinage 2,500 years or more ago. | 0:04:02 | 0:04:05 | |
And in Britain people would have used gold regularly | 0:04:05 | 0:04:08 | |
from the mid-14th century. | 0:04:08 | 0:04:11 | |
Tell me about the history of the coin that we call the sovereign. | 0:04:11 | 0:04:14 | |
Well, sovereigns go back to the reign of Henry VII, 1489. | 0:04:14 | 0:04:17 | |
If you had a sovereign, you would have had 20 shillings' worth, | 0:04:17 | 0:04:21 | |
more or less, of gold in your pocket. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:23 | |
This thing is absolutely exquisite, isn't it? | 0:04:23 | 0:04:27 | |
It's got a beautiful design. The lettering is very clear. | 0:04:27 | 0:04:30 | |
Tiny bit of damage to it, there. | 0:04:30 | 0:04:31 | |
What a wonderful object. You must be very, very proud of that. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:35 | |
It's splendid design and incredible | 0:04:35 | 0:04:37 | |
on pretty well every level. | 0:04:37 | 0:04:39 | |
The first modern sovereign was struck | 0:04:41 | 0:04:44 | |
in 22-carat gold in 1817, | 0:04:44 | 0:04:47 | |
towards the end of the reign of King George III. | 0:04:47 | 0:04:50 | |
In the pre-First World War period, what's happening to the coinage? | 0:04:52 | 0:04:56 | |
The sovereigns were produced in truly industrial numbers, | 0:04:56 | 0:04:59 | |
millions and millions every year. | 0:04:59 | 0:05:01 | |
We've got an example here from the reign of Edward VII. | 0:05:01 | 0:05:05 | |
Oh, what a handsome portrait. | 0:05:05 | 0:05:07 | |
That's very good. Very recognisably Edward VII. | 0:05:07 | 0:05:10 | |
When he was on the throne, | 0:05:11 | 0:05:12 | |
a gold sovereign represented more than a farm labourer's weekly wage. | 0:05:12 | 0:05:17 | |
But what was happening to the coinage come World War I? | 0:05:17 | 0:05:21 | |
You've got a period of massive economic disruption. | 0:05:21 | 0:05:24 | |
The country simply couldn't sustain a precious-metal coinage | 0:05:24 | 0:05:27 | |
-of gold at that time. -And they're replaced by paper? | 0:05:27 | 0:05:30 | |
And they're replaced by paper. | 0:05:30 | 0:05:33 | |
Within days of the outbreak of the war, the British public was urged | 0:05:33 | 0:05:37 | |
to hand in its gold sovereigns to fund the war effort | 0:05:37 | 0:05:41 | |
through war loans, or in return for treasury notes. | 0:05:41 | 0:05:45 | |
By mid-1915, gold had all but disappeared from circulation. | 0:05:45 | 0:05:51 | |
But sovereigns are still being made today, | 0:05:51 | 0:05:54 | |
and they're highly collectable. | 0:05:54 | 0:05:56 | |
I'm curious to see the process. | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
But first, some stringent security checks. | 0:05:59 | 0:06:02 | |
Hello, Paul. And what sort of work are you doing here? | 0:06:11 | 0:06:14 | |
We're changing over our machine to bullion sovereign. | 0:06:14 | 0:06:17 | |
-What are bullion sovereign? -Bullion sovereign's | 0:06:17 | 0:06:19 | |
a lower-quality sovereign, but it's still quite a high-quality coin. | 0:06:19 | 0:06:23 | |
So, these are gold of a certain purity...? | 0:06:23 | 0:06:25 | |
-22 carats. -22 carats. | 0:06:25 | 0:06:28 | |
-And at the moment, these discs of gold are completely blank. -Yep. | 0:06:28 | 0:06:32 | |
-That's what makes the coin. -This is the die, is it? -That's the die. | 0:06:32 | 0:06:35 | |
What, so, it's going to be like that, is it? And any heat? | 0:06:35 | 0:06:38 | |
-Do you heat the metal? No. -And we strike it three times. | 0:06:38 | 0:06:41 | |
And you have to do that with a fair amount of pressure, do you? | 0:06:41 | 0:06:44 | |
-70 tonnes. -70 tonnes? -70 tonnes. | 0:06:44 | 0:06:46 | |
The Royal Mint strikes nearly five billion coins a year | 0:06:47 | 0:06:51 | |
for around 60 countries throughout the world. | 0:06:51 | 0:06:54 | |
So, one entirely blank and very beautiful coin. | 0:06:54 | 0:06:58 | |
I'm going to pop it into the slot, there. | 0:06:59 | 0:07:01 | |
I'm going to put my hands down here | 0:07:01 | 0:07:03 | |
and press both buttons simultaneously... | 0:07:03 | 0:07:06 | |
-Keep your hands on them. -Keep my hands on the buttons. Here we go. | 0:07:06 | 0:07:09 | |
Now you can take your hands off. | 0:07:11 | 0:07:13 | |
And when the guard opens, just take the coin out. | 0:07:15 | 0:07:18 | |
HE LAUGHS | 0:07:21 | 0:07:23 | |
Oh, look at that. Isn't that beautiful? | 0:07:25 | 0:07:28 | |
Dragon on one side, Her Majesty on the other. | 0:07:28 | 0:07:32 | |
-A sovereign on a sovereign. -It is. | 0:07:32 | 0:07:34 | |
Thank you, thank you. | 0:07:36 | 0:07:39 | |
Hello, Michael. | 0:07:39 | 0:07:40 | |
-If you just come this way, please. Another search. -Another search? | 0:07:40 | 0:07:43 | |
-Arms like that, please, yeah. -I was just searched, you know. -I know. | 0:07:43 | 0:07:46 | |
We search all the time here. Don't worry. | 0:07:46 | 0:07:48 | |
MICHAEL LAUGHS OK. | 0:07:48 | 0:07:50 | |
Under escort by head of security Mark Shutt, | 0:07:50 | 0:07:53 | |
I'm gaining access to the very heart of the mint. | 0:07:53 | 0:07:56 | |
Oh, my goodness. HE LAUGHS | 0:08:01 | 0:08:04 | |
Oh, wow. Oh. Am I allowed to touch those? | 0:08:04 | 0:08:08 | |
You can do. I'll have to give you some gloves first. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:10 | |
-How pure is that gold? -As pure as you can get. -Really? That...? | 0:08:10 | 0:08:15 | |
Yes, it is. | 0:08:15 | 0:08:17 | |
Be careful, they're very heavy, so please don't drop one, | 0:08:17 | 0:08:19 | |
-otherwise it would cost you a lot of money. -Right. | 0:08:19 | 0:08:21 | |
HE LAUGHS | 0:08:21 | 0:08:23 | |
That is ridiculous. | 0:08:23 | 0:08:25 | |
That... That is ridiculous. | 0:08:25 | 0:08:27 | |
It's 14kg. | 0:08:27 | 0:08:29 | |
You can't believe the density of that, can you? | 0:08:29 | 0:08:31 | |
You can't believe that an object that size | 0:08:31 | 0:08:34 | |
is going to weigh that much. | 0:08:34 | 0:08:36 | |
Wow. And how many have we got there? | 0:08:36 | 0:08:39 | |
-10 bars. -10 bars. 140kg. | 0:08:39 | 0:08:42 | |
How much money is that? | 0:08:42 | 0:08:44 | |
-About 3.5 million. -You're kidding? | 0:08:44 | 0:08:47 | |
3.5 million. And that's quite an elegant door. Where does that go to? | 0:08:47 | 0:08:50 | |
Erm, it goes somewhere very secure and safe. | 0:08:50 | 0:08:53 | |
-Can't get much out of this fellow, today. -No. -No. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:57 | |
But I'm speculating that perhaps there might be more | 0:08:57 | 0:09:00 | |
of this lovely stuff in there. | 0:09:00 | 0:09:01 | |
Indeed there is, yes. | 0:09:01 | 0:09:03 | |
Very nice. Well, thank you, gentlemen. | 0:09:03 | 0:09:05 | |
That is an exquisite display. | 0:09:05 | 0:09:07 | |
-Thank you very much indeed. -We appreciate it. | 0:09:07 | 0:09:10 | |
The game of rugby was invented by an English schoolboy, | 0:09:20 | 0:09:24 | |
but embraced enthusiastically by the Welsh. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:27 | |
It also flourished in the healthy, open spaces of New Zealand. | 0:09:27 | 0:09:32 | |
Could men who toiled in the pit and lived in the smoke | 0:09:32 | 0:09:36 | |
of industrial South Wales field the team that could match the Kiwis? | 0:09:36 | 0:09:40 | |
The matter was put to the test in 1905 in the heart of Cardiff | 0:09:40 | 0:09:45 | |
in a struggle that would enter the history books. | 0:09:45 | 0:09:49 | |
I've travelled some 15 miles to the capital | 0:09:57 | 0:10:00 | |
and the home of Welsh rugby. | 0:10:00 | 0:10:02 | |
Towards the end of the 19th century, | 0:10:05 | 0:10:07 | |
Cardiff had grown to become one of the largest towns in Wales, | 0:10:07 | 0:10:11 | |
thanks to its prosperous trade in coal. | 0:10:11 | 0:10:14 | |
King Edward VII recognised the town's great industrial success | 0:10:16 | 0:10:20 | |
when, in 1905, he granted it city status. | 0:10:20 | 0:10:25 | |
To find out about the sporting milestone that same year, | 0:10:25 | 0:10:28 | |
I've come to Cardiff Arms Park. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:30 | |
I'm joining historian Gwyn Prescott in the stands. | 0:10:33 | 0:10:37 | |
Why was there such a build-up to this match in 1905? | 0:10:37 | 0:10:40 | |
Well, the New Zealanders had arrived in Britain in September. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:47 | |
They'd won 27 games on the trot including defeats | 0:10:47 | 0:10:51 | |
of Scotland, Ireland and England by five tries to nil, | 0:10:51 | 0:10:55 | |
so by the time they came to Wales, which it was, fortunately for Wales, | 0:10:55 | 0:10:59 | |
right at the end of the tour, this huge interest - | 0:10:59 | 0:11:01 | |
the arrival of the All Blacks in Cardiff. | 0:11:01 | 0:11:03 | |
How good were the Welsh at that time? | 0:11:03 | 0:11:06 | |
We were absolutely at the top of the game, | 0:11:06 | 0:11:08 | |
in fact in the middle of what later became known | 0:11:08 | 0:11:10 | |
as our first Golden Era - 11 years from 1900 to 1911, | 0:11:10 | 0:11:14 | |
when Wales won six triple crowns. Exceptionally strong side. | 0:11:14 | 0:11:18 | |
So the match begins with the two teams coming onto the pitch. | 0:11:18 | 0:11:22 | |
Well, at that time, there were no formalities | 0:11:22 | 0:11:25 | |
before an international match, | 0:11:25 | 0:11:27 | |
but it was different with the All Blacks, | 0:11:27 | 0:11:29 | |
because they'd thrown down the gauntlet at all their matches, | 0:11:29 | 0:11:32 | |
performing the haka, | 0:11:32 | 0:11:33 | |
but one of the Welsh selectors, | 0:11:33 | 0:11:35 | |
Tom Williams, came up with a brilliant idea. | 0:11:35 | 0:11:38 | |
He said, "Well, why don't we respond to the haka?" | 0:11:38 | 0:11:41 | |
And what better way is there of responding to the haka than singing | 0:11:41 | 0:11:44 | |
the Welsh national anthem? | 0:11:44 | 0:11:46 | |
And the crowd soon picked it up, | 0:11:46 | 0:11:47 | |
so, within seconds, 42,000 people were singing | 0:11:47 | 0:11:51 | |
the Welsh national anthem and it had an electric effect. | 0:11:51 | 0:11:55 | |
On their first tour of Britain, | 0:11:56 | 0:11:58 | |
the All Blacks captivated Edwardian sports fans and the press | 0:11:58 | 0:12:02 | |
when they performed they performed their ancient Maori war dance, | 0:12:02 | 0:12:05 | |
the haka, which is now a rugby tradition. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:08 | |
PLAYERS CHANT | 0:12:08 | 0:12:09 | |
Today, Wales's national team plays next door | 0:12:13 | 0:12:16 | |
at the Principality Stadium, which swallowed up | 0:12:16 | 0:12:19 | |
part of the old Cardiff Arms Park where the 1905 match was staged. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:24 | |
What happened in the match? | 0:12:25 | 0:12:27 | |
It was an incredibly intense game, but Wales managed to score a try | 0:12:27 | 0:12:31 | |
in the first half and went into a 3-0 lead. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:35 | |
About 10 minutes before the final whistle, Bob Deans, | 0:12:35 | 0:12:39 | |
the New Zealand centre, was passed the ball on the 25 yard line, | 0:12:39 | 0:12:42 | |
22 metre line today, and made for the goal line, but was brought down. | 0:12:42 | 0:12:48 | |
The referee arrived and said, "No try," | 0:12:48 | 0:12:50 | |
so it was no try and the referee's decision is final. | 0:12:50 | 0:12:53 | |
-It was a Welsh win? -It was a Welsh win. | 0:12:53 | 0:12:54 | |
Why is the fixture remembered more than a century later? | 0:12:54 | 0:12:57 | |
In 1905, that victory over New Zealand was | 0:12:57 | 0:13:00 | |
the coming of age of Welsh rugby. | 0:13:00 | 0:13:02 | |
It was the point when rugby became a marker of Welsh identity, | 0:13:02 | 0:13:06 | |
if you like. | 0:13:06 | 0:13:07 | |
The Golden Era of the early 20th century was unmatched | 0:13:09 | 0:13:13 | |
until the 1970s when Wales again enjoyed great success. | 0:13:13 | 0:13:18 | |
Gerald Davis CBE, played during that time | 0:13:20 | 0:13:23 | |
and is one of the finest ever international wings. | 0:13:23 | 0:13:26 | |
WELSH NATIONAL ANTHEM PLAYS | 0:13:26 | 0:13:27 | |
Hi Gerald, I'm Michael. | 0:13:31 | 0:13:32 | |
What a glorious sound, Gerald, and you must have heard it | 0:13:41 | 0:13:44 | |
so often before matches. It must do something very special to you. | 0:13:44 | 0:13:48 | |
Well, I have to say, I have heard it often enough, | 0:13:48 | 0:13:50 | |
but it speaks of the heroes of the past, of Wales being a land of | 0:13:50 | 0:13:55 | |
poets and singers and also the need for the Welsh language to survive. | 0:13:55 | 0:13:59 | |
It is a stirring piece of music and we all feel proud | 0:13:59 | 0:14:03 | |
and we all have a sense of belonging to Wales. | 0:14:03 | 0:14:07 | |
Now, what fortune did you personally have against the All Blacks? | 0:14:07 | 0:14:10 | |
Well, this was back in the 1970s and we never beat them. | 0:14:10 | 0:14:14 | |
They're still the strong team and, up until 1953, | 0:14:14 | 0:14:18 | |
Wales were leading in the series of matches against them, 3-1, | 0:14:18 | 0:14:23 | |
but ever since then, Wales have never ever beaten them | 0:14:23 | 0:14:27 | |
and I'd like to think perhaps in the way George Orwell thinks | 0:14:27 | 0:14:31 | |
of sport, you know, Wales won the battles, but we never won the war. | 0:14:31 | 0:14:37 | |
So, what does rugby mean to Wales? | 0:14:37 | 0:14:39 | |
We're very proud and very passionate of our game, | 0:14:39 | 0:14:42 | |
all of us in Wales are. | 0:14:42 | 0:14:43 | |
It is considered to be our national sport and that is | 0:14:43 | 0:14:47 | |
because we find that we can compete against the best in the world. | 0:14:47 | 0:14:51 | |
We can't say that about every sport that we have in Wales, | 0:14:51 | 0:14:54 | |
but certainly rugby gives us an identity on a global scale. | 0:14:54 | 0:14:58 | |
I'll continue my exploration of Cardiff in the morning. | 0:15:08 | 0:15:11 | |
I'm joining the railway at Cardiff Queen Street | 0:15:22 | 0:15:26 | |
and travelling one stop to Cardiff Bay. | 0:15:26 | 0:15:28 | |
Inspired by the example of Captain Robert Falcon Scott, | 0:15:30 | 0:15:34 | |
I'm going to abandon the decadent luxury of the train for the perils | 0:15:34 | 0:15:39 | |
of the briny sea, though I may stop somewhere short of the South Pole. | 0:15:39 | 0:15:44 | |
At the beginning of the 20th century, | 0:15:52 | 0:15:54 | |
Cardiff's docks handled more coal than any other port in the world. | 0:15:54 | 0:15:59 | |
The population of what was once known as Tiger Bay had swelled | 0:15:59 | 0:16:04 | |
in the mid-19th century with immigrants from all over the world. | 0:16:04 | 0:16:08 | |
The Grade I listed pierhead building | 0:16:08 | 0:16:11 | |
stands a stone's throw from the water. | 0:16:11 | 0:16:14 | |
It was erected in 1897 | 0:16:14 | 0:16:17 | |
and became the headquarters of the Cardiff Railway Company. | 0:16:17 | 0:16:20 | |
On the trail of Scott's voyage to the last unexplored continent | 0:16:24 | 0:16:28 | |
on Earth, I'm meeting maritime historian David Jenkins. | 0:16:28 | 0:16:31 | |
David, how was it that there came to be | 0:16:31 | 0:16:33 | |
a connection between Captain Scott and Cardiff? | 0:16:33 | 0:16:36 | |
Well, it all came about through the figure of Edward Evans | 0:16:36 | 0:16:40 | |
who was Scott's deputy on the expedition. | 0:16:40 | 0:16:43 | |
He had Cardiff connections, | 0:16:43 | 0:16:45 | |
particularly Cardiff's foremost ship-owner | 0:16:45 | 0:16:48 | |
at the time, Daniel Radcliffe, | 0:16:48 | 0:16:50 | |
and through that association the scene was then set | 0:16:50 | 0:16:53 | |
for Cardiff's solid support for the expedition. | 0:16:53 | 0:16:56 | |
Was Cardiff anxious to support something like this? | 0:16:56 | 0:16:59 | |
Well, I think there was a sense in which Cardiff wanted to be | 0:16:59 | 0:17:02 | |
recognised as an imperial city. | 0:17:02 | 0:17:05 | |
It wasn't recognised as one of the great entrepots of Empire | 0:17:05 | 0:17:08 | |
where all the wonderful goods, like tea and sugar, | 0:17:08 | 0:17:11 | |
and all the rest of it came in. | 0:17:11 | 0:17:12 | |
This was the port that exported this dirty stuff called coal | 0:17:12 | 0:17:15 | |
which nobody really wanted to know about, | 0:17:15 | 0:17:18 | |
but actually the British Empire would have ground to a halt | 0:17:18 | 0:17:21 | |
in a few weeks had it not been for this coal | 0:17:21 | 0:17:23 | |
and I think the business community of Cardiff | 0:17:23 | 0:17:25 | |
saw it as their opportunity to shine. | 0:17:25 | 0:17:27 | |
-There was prestige to be had? -Exactly, Michael. | 0:17:27 | 0:17:30 | |
This was the expedition which they hoped to reach the South Pole | 0:17:30 | 0:17:34 | |
and claim it for Britain. | 0:17:34 | 0:17:36 | |
Scott's first Antarctic expedition, between 1901 and 1904, fell short | 0:17:36 | 0:17:42 | |
of the pole by 500 miles, | 0:17:42 | 0:17:44 | |
but made it further south than man had travelled before. | 0:17:44 | 0:17:47 | |
Scott returned a hero and was made Commander | 0:17:47 | 0:17:50 | |
of the Royal Victorian Order by the King, yet he remained | 0:17:50 | 0:17:54 | |
determined to complete the mission and planned a second expedition. | 0:17:54 | 0:17:59 | |
Where exactly did the Terra Nova depart? | 0:17:59 | 0:18:01 | |
Well, just from behind us here, Michael. | 0:18:01 | 0:18:03 | |
She sailed out into the Channel, | 0:18:03 | 0:18:05 | |
she was followed by a massive entourage of local tugs | 0:18:05 | 0:18:09 | |
and she left Cardiff amidst great flag-waving | 0:18:09 | 0:18:12 | |
and ceremony on 15th June 1910, | 0:18:12 | 0:18:14 | |
which was a lovely day, not like today. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:17 | |
Scott realised his dream and became the first British explorer | 0:18:18 | 0:18:22 | |
to reach the South Pole in January 1912, | 0:18:22 | 0:18:26 | |
but his achievement was bittersweet as the Norwegian Roald Amundsen | 0:18:26 | 0:18:31 | |
had beaten him to it by month. | 0:18:31 | 0:18:34 | |
We all know that the expedition ends in disaster | 0:18:34 | 0:18:36 | |
and with Scott's death. | 0:18:36 | 0:18:38 | |
What happens to the ship? | 0:18:38 | 0:18:39 | |
The ship returns here in 1913, | 0:18:39 | 0:18:41 | |
obviously a much more solemn occasion | 0:18:41 | 0:18:44 | |
than her departure of three years previously, | 0:18:44 | 0:18:46 | |
but the Terra Nova did come back to Cardiff | 0:18:46 | 0:18:49 | |
and there are a number of memorials around the city | 0:18:49 | 0:18:51 | |
related to the vessel. | 0:18:51 | 0:18:52 | |
An extraordinary sort of symmetry between the departure and return. | 0:18:52 | 0:18:55 | |
Exactly, she did return. | 0:18:55 | 0:18:57 | |
Over 100 years after Scott's ill-fated second expedition, | 0:18:57 | 0:19:02 | |
I'm keen to find out whether the spirit of adventure | 0:19:02 | 0:19:05 | |
is still alive in Cardiff Bay, on a boat that is no stranger to the ice. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:09 | |
Skipper Andy Hall welcomes me on board the yacht Challenge Wales. | 0:19:09 | 0:19:14 | |
Thank you very much. Anyone got a life jacket? | 0:19:14 | 0:19:17 | |
This vessel has been to Antarctica, has it not? | 0:19:32 | 0:19:34 | |
Yes, this boat was originally built to race around the world, | 0:19:34 | 0:19:38 | |
so she's been down into the southern hemisphere | 0:19:38 | 0:19:41 | |
and down into the Southern Ocean on two occasions now. | 0:19:41 | 0:19:44 | |
And a century after Scott, Antarctica is still | 0:19:44 | 0:19:46 | |
-a substantial challenge? -Oh, yes, very much so. | 0:19:46 | 0:19:49 | |
Even the current round-the-world races all have limiting points | 0:19:49 | 0:19:53 | |
to stop them going too far down into the ice. | 0:19:53 | 0:19:55 | |
What does the boat do now? What's its function today? | 0:19:55 | 0:19:58 | |
The boat is now owned by the charity of the same name | 0:19:58 | 0:20:02 | |
and the purpose of the charity is to take young people out | 0:20:02 | 0:20:05 | |
on adventurous trips to help develop what's broadly termed "life skills", | 0:20:05 | 0:20:09 | |
so it's getting them working as a team, setting them | 0:20:09 | 0:20:12 | |
a challenge, taking them out of their comfort zone, | 0:20:12 | 0:20:14 | |
getting away from their mobile phone coverage. | 0:20:14 | 0:20:16 | |
Well, I'd like to muck in with that. I'm at your orders, captain. | 0:20:16 | 0:20:20 | |
OK, that's good. | 0:20:20 | 0:20:21 | |
If you'd like to make your way forward to the mast, | 0:20:21 | 0:20:24 | |
then you can help put the sail up and we'll just get | 0:20:24 | 0:20:27 | |
the starboard running backstay forward, please, team. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:29 | |
-Hello, Adrian, reporting for duty. -That's good, Michael, | 0:20:33 | 0:20:36 | |
-if you'd like to come up to here. -Yes. | 0:20:36 | 0:20:37 | |
This is the main halyard for the boat | 0:20:37 | 0:20:40 | |
and this pulls up the mainsail, so it's a bell-ringing action | 0:20:40 | 0:20:45 | |
first of all and then we pull the rope outwards. | 0:20:45 | 0:20:48 | |
It is getting harder. | 0:20:48 | 0:20:49 | |
Out and down! | 0:20:53 | 0:20:55 | |
-Out and down! -Whoa! | 0:20:55 | 0:20:58 | |
-Hello, are you Sophie? -Yes. -My name is Michael. | 0:21:08 | 0:21:11 | |
How long have you been on Challenge Wales? | 0:21:11 | 0:21:14 | |
I started coming on board about seven years ago. | 0:21:14 | 0:21:17 | |
Oh, wow, so you're quite a veteran? | 0:21:17 | 0:21:19 | |
-Yeah. -It's quite hard physical work. Have you adapted to that? | 0:21:19 | 0:21:22 | |
Yeah, cos when you're working altogether, it becomes quite fun. | 0:21:22 | 0:21:25 | |
The crew is currently in training for this summer's Tall Ships Races, | 0:21:25 | 0:21:30 | |
one of the largest youth and cultural events in Europe | 0:21:30 | 0:21:33 | |
for trainee sailors, drawn from many nationalities and backgrounds. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:38 | |
The event has been an annual fixture since 1956 | 0:21:38 | 0:21:42 | |
and, this year, around 100 vessels will be taking part. | 0:21:42 | 0:21:46 | |
I'll leave this train at Ebbw Vale, bound for Blaenavon. | 0:21:58 | 0:22:02 | |
My 1907 Bradshaw's railway map is eloquent. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:05 | |
There's a greater concentration of railways here in South Wales | 0:22:05 | 0:22:09 | |
than anywhere else in the United Kingdom. | 0:22:09 | 0:22:12 | |
In parallel lines, representing the valleys, | 0:22:12 | 0:22:15 | |
the trains brought the coal down to the ports. | 0:22:15 | 0:22:18 | |
In those days, coal was used for everything - in homes, | 0:22:18 | 0:22:22 | |
in industry for power, by ships and by the Royal Navy. | 0:22:22 | 0:22:26 | |
With the decline of coal - puff! - | 0:22:26 | 0:22:29 | |
in 1980, the rail services | 0:22:29 | 0:22:30 | |
between Blaenavon and Pontypool were terminated, | 0:22:30 | 0:22:34 | |
but today trains run again - puff-puff! | 0:22:34 | 0:22:38 | |
-Tickets, please. -Hello. -Hello. How are you? | 0:22:43 | 0:22:47 | |
-Going to end of the line. -OK. Thank you. | 0:22:47 | 0:22:49 | |
I'm just looking at this old map of the railway lines | 0:22:49 | 0:22:52 | |
here in South Wales. | 0:22:52 | 0:22:53 | |
Do you have any memory of when every one of these valleys have a line? | 0:22:53 | 0:22:56 | |
I remember a lot of coal industry, | 0:22:56 | 0:22:58 | |
-a lot of coal freight, going down the valleys where I live. -Yes. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:02 | |
-It's all gone now, but I worked in the mines myself. -Did you? | 0:23:02 | 0:23:07 | |
Yeah, done it for 15 years, came out of it unscathed, so... | 0:23:07 | 0:23:11 | |
Yeah, congratulations. | 0:23:11 | 0:23:12 | |
-Well, thank you very much. -Yeah, thank you. | 0:23:12 | 0:23:14 | |
-Have a nice journey. -Thank you. | 0:23:14 | 0:23:16 | |
At the start of the First World War, coal exports from Wales | 0:23:19 | 0:23:23 | |
were at their peak, at more than 10 million tons annually. | 0:23:23 | 0:23:27 | |
During that industrial heyday, the big pit mine | 0:23:27 | 0:23:32 | |
was in full production and the town of Blaenavon could be | 0:23:32 | 0:23:35 | |
reached from Ebbw Vale via a western branch on the Monmouthshire line. | 0:23:35 | 0:23:40 | |
WHISTLE BLOWS | 0:23:40 | 0:23:42 | |
Built in 1866, this stretch of track closed to passengers in 1941 | 0:23:42 | 0:23:48 | |
and to cold freight in 1980. | 0:23:48 | 0:23:50 | |
WHISTLES BLOW | 0:23:51 | 0:23:54 | |
It's now a heritage line, | 0:23:55 | 0:23:57 | |
preserved by the Pontypool and the Blaenavon Railway Society. | 0:23:57 | 0:24:01 | |
Retired railway civil engineer Paul Dally used to maintain tracks | 0:24:01 | 0:24:05 | |
in West Wales. | 0:24:05 | 0:24:07 | |
This is a splendid vehicle. What is this? | 0:24:07 | 0:24:09 | |
This is an ex-Great Western Railway inspection saloon | 0:24:09 | 0:24:12 | |
that was used by the engineers to inspect the track | 0:24:12 | 0:24:15 | |
and it's mounted on an even older underframe that came | 0:24:15 | 0:24:18 | |
from the 1880s, so this coach would have been built in about 1912. | 0:24:18 | 0:24:22 | |
I never think much about rail inspections. | 0:24:22 | 0:24:25 | |
Tell me how it was done. | 0:24:25 | 0:24:26 | |
Well, track inspection is principally down on foot. | 0:24:26 | 0:24:29 | |
You've a patrolman who walks the line regularly to ensure it's safe. | 0:24:29 | 0:24:33 | |
And you, of course, have to maintain heritage railways. | 0:24:33 | 0:24:37 | |
-You have to be certain that the track is safe. -Absolutely. | 0:24:37 | 0:24:39 | |
The same principles that were carried out | 0:24:39 | 0:24:41 | |
during the Edwardian times still apply today. | 0:24:41 | 0:24:44 | |
Not on the filthy wet day like today? | 0:24:44 | 0:24:46 | |
Track patrolling has to be done whatever the weather, | 0:24:46 | 0:24:48 | |
even in the snow. | 0:24:48 | 0:24:50 | |
Gauge down, turn knob. Is that satisfactory? | 0:24:59 | 0:25:02 | |
Yes, that is good because 1,435 | 0:25:02 | 0:25:04 | |
is four foot eight and a half in imperial | 0:25:04 | 0:25:06 | |
and this is slightly over, so this is all well within tolerance. | 0:25:06 | 0:25:10 | |
This is a fun thing to do in wet weather! | 0:25:12 | 0:25:14 | |
-Yes, it's not very nice, but then you can see the dips. -Oh! | 0:25:14 | 0:25:17 | |
What's causing this? | 0:25:17 | 0:25:19 | |
Well, in this instance, | 0:25:19 | 0:25:20 | |
it's probably down to the amount of mining that's been done in the area. | 0:25:20 | 0:25:24 | |
Old mine workings do subside. | 0:25:24 | 0:25:25 | |
That would have to be put right at some point. | 0:25:25 | 0:25:28 | |
Yes, that would be planned in for the local gang to come | 0:25:28 | 0:25:30 | |
and lift the track and pack, to get the rails exactly level. | 0:25:30 | 0:25:33 | |
Well, I think I might leave you to put it right. | 0:25:33 | 0:25:36 | |
I was I was rather hoping to take another ride. | 0:25:36 | 0:25:39 | |
That will be excellent, thank you. | 0:25:39 | 0:25:41 | |
-Alex. May I come aboard? -Of course. -Thank you. | 0:25:44 | 0:25:47 | |
WHISTLE BLOWS | 0:25:48 | 0:25:50 | |
BLOWS AGAIN | 0:25:52 | 0:25:53 | |
Alex, it's a wet day and you've got quite an incline here. | 0:26:06 | 0:26:10 | |
Is it difficult to drive the locomotive in these conditions? | 0:26:10 | 0:26:13 | |
There's a little bit more skill required, but... | 0:26:13 | 0:26:16 | |
You can slip on the rails if you're not careful? | 0:26:16 | 0:26:19 | |
-You can, yes, very much so. -What is the gradient? -It's about one in 40. | 0:26:19 | 0:26:24 | |
And the valleys here are so beautiful, aren't they? | 0:26:24 | 0:26:27 | |
Even on a wet day, it has a majesty about it, doesn't it? | 0:26:27 | 0:26:31 | |
It certainly does. | 0:26:31 | 0:26:33 | |
And filled with steam and smoke, it looks at its best. | 0:26:33 | 0:26:36 | |
And we're coming towards our last station. What's the name of that? | 0:26:38 | 0:26:41 | |
-This is the Whistle Inn. -The Whistle Inn? | 0:26:41 | 0:26:43 | |
-That demands a whistle, don't you think? -It does indeed. -Here we go. | 0:26:43 | 0:26:47 | |
WHISTLE BLOWS | 0:26:47 | 0:26:49 | |
-Wow! I enjoyed that. -It's a pleasure. | 0:26:49 | 0:26:52 | |
Thank you, Alex. | 0:26:55 | 0:26:57 | |
-And thank you, Wayne. -A pleasure. -Bye-bye. -Bye. -Bye now. | 0:26:59 | 0:27:04 | |
At the beginning of the 20th century, | 0:27:12 | 0:27:14 | |
South Wales was known around the globe for its coal - | 0:27:14 | 0:27:19 | |
the fuel of British manufacturing industry | 0:27:19 | 0:27:22 | |
and of the most powerful navy in the world. | 0:27:22 | 0:27:26 | |
The departure of Captain Scott from Cardiff to Antarctica boosted | 0:27:26 | 0:27:31 | |
the region's prestige and the Welsh anthem swelled in the valleys | 0:27:31 | 0:27:37 | |
when the national team triumphed over the All Blacks. | 0:27:37 | 0:27:40 | |
The men who toiled in the coal mines | 0:27:40 | 0:27:43 | |
and those who carried the coal along these lines were justly proud. | 0:27:43 | 0:27:48 | |
They knew that the might of the British Empire | 0:27:48 | 0:27:52 | |
rested on their brawn. | 0:27:52 | 0:27:54 | |
Next time, a cinematic experience hits a high note... | 0:27:59 | 0:28:02 | |
CINEMA ORGAN PLAYS | 0:28:02 | 0:28:03 | |
That's absolutely brilliant. | 0:28:06 | 0:28:07 | |
This is Mary. | 0:28:07 | 0:28:09 | |
..I learn about the fight for female emancipation. | 0:28:09 | 0:28:12 | |
How do you feel about those women, those suffragettes? | 0:28:12 | 0:28:14 | |
They knew what they wanted and in the end they got it, didn't they? | 0:28:14 | 0:28:18 | |
..and prepare for a smooth landing. | 0:28:18 | 0:28:20 | |
The toilets are no longer in use. | 0:28:22 | 0:28:23 | |
Cabin crew, resume your seats, please. | 0:28:23 | 0:28:26 | |
Oh! That is amazing. | 0:28:26 | 0:28:29 |