Browse content similar to Newport to Clevedon/Yatton/Bristol Channel. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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For Edwardian Britons, | 0:00:04 | 0:00:06 | |
a Bradshaw's was an indispensable guide | 0:00:06 | 0:00:08 | |
to a railway network at its peak. | 0:00:08 | 0:00:11 | |
I'm using an early 20th-century edition to navigate a vibrant and | 0:00:13 | 0:00:18 | |
optimistic Britain | 0:00:18 | 0:00:19 | |
at the height of its power and influence in the world. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:22 | |
But a nation wrestling with political, | 0:00:25 | 0:00:27 | |
social and industrial unrest at home. | 0:00:27 | 0:00:30 | |
My journey continues from South Wales | 0:00:52 | 0:00:55 | |
towards the west of England. | 0:00:55 | 0:00:57 | |
Today, I want to look at three developments | 0:00:57 | 0:00:59 | |
before the First World War that were to transform society. | 0:00:59 | 0:01:03 | |
They are represented in history by three sets of siblings - | 0:01:03 | 0:01:07 | |
the Lumiere brothers in France, | 0:01:07 | 0:01:09 | |
the Wright brothers in the United States | 0:01:09 | 0:01:11 | |
and the Pankhurst sisters in the United Kingdom. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:14 | |
Cinema, aviation and votes for women. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:18 | |
I began in West Wales, | 0:01:30 | 0:01:32 | |
skirting the coast to make my way through the industrial core | 0:01:32 | 0:01:36 | |
of South Wales and the nation's capital. Heading east, | 0:01:36 | 0:01:40 | |
I'll cross the Severn Estuary into England, | 0:01:40 | 0:01:42 | |
to uncover pioneering Edwardian technology | 0:01:42 | 0:01:45 | |
which led Britons to take to the skies. | 0:01:45 | 0:01:48 | |
I'll continue my journey | 0:01:48 | 0:01:50 | |
through the heart of the West Country, | 0:01:50 | 0:01:52 | |
to finish in Cornwall. | 0:01:52 | 0:01:54 | |
This leg of my travels begins in the Welsh city of Newport and continues | 0:01:55 | 0:02:00 | |
to the birthplace of British aviation at Filton, in England. | 0:02:00 | 0:02:04 | |
I'll uncover an enlightened place of refuge in Bath. | 0:02:06 | 0:02:09 | |
And take in a movie on the Bristol Channel. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:14 | |
On this journey, a cinematic experience hits a high note. | 0:02:16 | 0:02:20 | |
That's absolutely brilliant. | 0:02:24 | 0:02:25 | |
This is Mary. | 0:02:25 | 0:02:27 | |
I learn about the fight for female emancipation. | 0:02:27 | 0:02:29 | |
How do you feel about those women, those suffragettes? | 0:02:29 | 0:02:32 | |
They knew what they wanted and, in the end, they got it, didn't they? | 0:02:32 | 0:02:37 | |
And prepare for a smooth landing. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:39 | |
The toilets are no longer in use. | 0:02:39 | 0:02:41 | |
Cabin crew, resume your seats, please. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:43 | |
Oh! That is amazing. | 0:02:43 | 0:02:46 | |
Coal was big business in South Wales, | 0:02:53 | 0:02:56 | |
and there were fortunes to be made. | 0:02:56 | 0:02:58 | |
Cardiff docks were transformed, | 0:02:58 | 0:03:01 | |
Barry Port was created out of nothing, | 0:03:01 | 0:03:04 | |
and at my next stop, Newport, | 0:03:04 | 0:03:06 | |
entrepreneurs wanted to enter the hectic competition. | 0:03:06 | 0:03:10 | |
But on July the 10th, 1909, dock disaster, many workmen killed. | 0:03:10 | 0:03:17 | |
It seemed that the fortunes of the few could entail | 0:03:17 | 0:03:20 | |
the misfortunes of the many. | 0:03:20 | 0:03:23 | |
I am midway on my journey through Wales and England's West Country. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:33 | |
Newport was the first stop | 0:03:33 | 0:03:35 | |
on Isambard Kingdom Brunel's South Wales Railway | 0:03:35 | 0:03:38 | |
from Chepstow to Swansea, | 0:03:38 | 0:03:40 | |
which opened in 1850 and became key | 0:03:40 | 0:03:43 | |
to exploiting the region's coalfields. | 0:03:43 | 0:03:46 | |
In a strategic position, near the mouth of the River Usk, | 0:03:46 | 0:03:50 | |
Newport was built on a rich, | 0:03:50 | 0:03:52 | |
2,000-year history of international maritime trade. | 0:03:52 | 0:03:56 | |
I am taking to the water to learn more... | 0:03:57 | 0:03:59 | |
..with Rod Lewis from Associated British Ports. | 0:04:01 | 0:04:04 | |
Rod, what about the port of Newport today, what does it do? | 0:04:07 | 0:04:10 | |
We still do some coal, | 0:04:10 | 0:04:12 | |
we do a lot of steel, import and export, project cargoes - | 0:04:12 | 0:04:16 | |
-for example, railway locomotives. -Railway locomotives? -Yeah, yeah. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:20 | |
The ports are well connected, so you can bring a locomotive in, | 0:04:20 | 0:04:24 | |
alongside the quay, and put it straight onto rail. | 0:04:24 | 0:04:26 | |
Newport's first dock opened in 1842. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:35 | |
Today, the docks handle one and a half million tonnes | 0:04:35 | 0:04:37 | |
of commodities every year | 0:04:37 | 0:04:39 | |
and enclose a body of water that covers 125 acres. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:44 | |
The tide here is tremendous. | 0:04:44 | 0:04:46 | |
It is, yeah. It is the second largest tidal range in the world. | 0:04:46 | 0:04:50 | |
But because the range is so great, | 0:04:50 | 0:04:52 | |
it actually affords us water for deep drafted vessels | 0:04:52 | 0:04:56 | |
to get this far up the estuary. | 0:04:56 | 0:04:58 | |
By 1914, Newport was shipping over 6 million tonnes of coal annually. | 0:04:59 | 0:05:05 | |
The city owed its success | 0:05:05 | 0:05:06 | |
to an extraordinary feat of engineering, | 0:05:06 | 0:05:08 | |
which became famous for both horror and heroism. | 0:05:08 | 0:05:12 | |
Historian Tom Dart is at the bow. | 0:05:19 | 0:05:21 | |
Tom, we have a great view here of this great lock. | 0:05:23 | 0:05:27 | |
I would imagine, even at the beginning of the 20th century, | 0:05:27 | 0:05:29 | |
this is still a site of mass labour. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:32 | |
There was very little mechanical help in those days. | 0:05:32 | 0:05:35 | |
All the digging, in fact, was done by hand. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:38 | |
Tell me about what happened on that dreadful day in 1909. | 0:05:38 | 0:05:42 | |
Well, the men were just working on the trench, | 0:05:42 | 0:05:45 | |
digging this lock here behind us. | 0:05:45 | 0:05:47 | |
And at about five o'clock in the afternoon, rumblings were heard | 0:05:47 | 0:05:52 | |
and movement was spotted. | 0:05:52 | 0:05:53 | |
Some men managed to scramble up, | 0:05:53 | 0:05:55 | |
but over 40 men were trapped | 0:05:55 | 0:05:58 | |
when the dock wall collapsed into the dock. | 0:05:58 | 0:06:01 | |
So, this massive timber collapses with men trapped underneath. | 0:06:01 | 0:06:06 | |
-What could be done? -Not a lot, actually, | 0:06:06 | 0:06:09 | |
because they were all big burly fellows, | 0:06:09 | 0:06:11 | |
and there wasn't enough space to get down there. So, | 0:06:11 | 0:06:14 | |
they decided that a small man was needed, | 0:06:14 | 0:06:17 | |
and a young lad called Tom Toya Lewis, | 0:06:17 | 0:06:20 | |
who was 17 at the time, | 0:06:20 | 0:06:21 | |
volunteered to go down, and he was lowered down | 0:06:21 | 0:06:24 | |
about 30ft on a rope, | 0:06:24 | 0:06:26 | |
down to a chap called Fred Bardill, | 0:06:26 | 0:06:28 | |
who had been trapped by his arm, | 0:06:28 | 0:06:30 | |
and then the timbers started to move again, | 0:06:30 | 0:06:32 | |
and Tom Toya was hauled out. | 0:06:32 | 0:06:35 | |
Fortunately, Fred Bardill had been freed enough that he was able to be | 0:06:35 | 0:06:39 | |
pulled out. 39 men were killed in the end, | 0:06:39 | 0:06:43 | |
and some of them were drowned, | 0:06:43 | 0:06:45 | |
unfortunately, with the tide coming in. | 0:06:45 | 0:06:47 | |
And was Tom Toya Lewis recognised for his terrific bravery? | 0:06:47 | 0:06:52 | |
He was, yes. | 0:06:52 | 0:06:53 | |
He was awarded the Albert Medal, | 0:06:53 | 0:06:55 | |
which was the civilian equivalent of the Victoria Cross. | 0:06:55 | 0:06:59 | |
And he was taken to Buckingham Palace by his father | 0:06:59 | 0:07:02 | |
and he was given the medal. | 0:07:02 | 0:07:04 | |
Work continued on the lock and, in 1914, it opened | 0:07:05 | 0:07:09 | |
to allow ships to enter the dock directly from the Bristol Channel | 0:07:09 | 0:07:13 | |
for the first time. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:14 | |
A memorial to the victims of the disaster | 0:07:15 | 0:07:18 | |
stands in the nearby St Woolos cemetery, | 0:07:18 | 0:07:21 | |
where I am meeting David Fouweather, the 385th mayor of Newport. | 0:07:21 | 0:07:26 | |
Some of the names here on the plaque are not complete, why would that be? | 0:07:26 | 0:07:30 | |
They were guys from Bristol and other places that came to work | 0:07:30 | 0:07:33 | |
on the docks and, sadly, nobody knew who they were. | 0:07:33 | 0:07:36 | |
What do you know of Tom Toya Lewis? | 0:07:36 | 0:07:38 | |
-Well, Tom Toya Lewis was my great-grandfather. -Wow. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:41 | |
And I was actually born in his bed at 11 Henry Street in Newport. | 0:07:41 | 0:07:45 | |
So, this young lad from Newport is invited to Buckingham Palace to meet | 0:07:45 | 0:07:49 | |
the King and Queen, is that right? | 0:07:49 | 0:07:51 | |
Absolutely right. My nan tells me that, whilst he was there, | 0:07:51 | 0:07:54 | |
he didn't know how to use a knife and fork. | 0:07:54 | 0:07:56 | |
So, the King actually said to him, "Just use your fingers." | 0:07:56 | 0:07:59 | |
Not only did he have a medal, he also had a brooch, which I have. | 0:07:59 | 0:08:02 | |
Merit medal, presented by the Liverpool Weekly Post. | 0:08:02 | 0:08:07 | |
And there is his name, | 0:08:07 | 0:08:08 | |
Tom Lewis. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:10 | |
-Isn't that lovely? -It is. -You'll look after that pretty carefully. | 0:08:10 | 0:08:13 | |
-I do look after it. -How do you feel about being Tom's great-grandson? | 0:08:13 | 0:08:17 | |
Oh, very proud indeed. | 0:08:17 | 0:08:19 | |
And for his great-grandson now to be the mayor of Newport, | 0:08:19 | 0:08:22 | |
as well, who would have thought? | 0:08:22 | 0:08:24 | |
Tom would never have believed that. | 0:08:24 | 0:08:25 | |
He would be very pleased. | 0:08:25 | 0:08:27 | |
-And very proud. -He would. | 0:08:27 | 0:08:28 | |
I am picking up my journey... | 0:08:36 | 0:08:38 | |
HE BLOWS WHISTLE | 0:08:38 | 0:08:40 | |
..to head across the border into England. | 0:08:40 | 0:08:42 | |
A century ago, ideas had begun to fly not only westward, | 0:08:47 | 0:08:52 | |
but also eastward across the Atlantic, | 0:08:52 | 0:08:55 | |
from the United States to Europe. | 0:08:55 | 0:08:57 | |
The aeroplane was an American invention, | 0:08:57 | 0:09:01 | |
adopted and adapted in Bristol. | 0:09:01 | 0:09:04 | |
But who could know that aviation in the West Country would eventually go | 0:09:04 | 0:09:08 | |
with such a bang? | 0:09:08 | 0:09:09 | |
I am passing underneath the estuary on the River Severn, | 0:09:15 | 0:09:19 | |
through the four-mile Victorian tunnel that links | 0:09:19 | 0:09:21 | |
Monmouthshire with South Gloucestershire. | 0:09:21 | 0:09:24 | |
While above me, road vehicles travel across the water | 0:09:29 | 0:09:32 | |
on the second Severn crossing built just over a hundred years later. | 0:09:32 | 0:09:36 | |
I'm alighting at Filton Abbey Wood, which serves Filton on the outskirts | 0:09:38 | 0:09:43 | |
of Bristol. | 0:09:43 | 0:09:44 | |
I understand that the roots of British aviation | 0:09:46 | 0:09:49 | |
are to be found here. | 0:09:49 | 0:09:50 | |
And I have arranged to meet author Andrew Appleton. | 0:09:50 | 0:09:53 | |
What a magnificent runway this must have been in its day. | 0:09:53 | 0:09:56 | |
It is fantastic, isn't it? | 0:09:56 | 0:09:57 | |
-Yes. -Now, what was the origin of aviation here in Bristol? | 0:09:57 | 0:10:01 | |
It started back in 1910, | 0:10:01 | 0:10:03 | |
there was a local businessman called Sir George White, | 0:10:03 | 0:10:06 | |
who was founder of a tramway company. | 0:10:06 | 0:10:09 | |
He was involved in lots of transport. | 0:10:09 | 0:10:11 | |
With the start of aviation | 0:10:11 | 0:10:13 | |
round about the turn of the century, he got quite interested in that. | 0:10:13 | 0:10:16 | |
He could see the potential. | 0:10:16 | 0:10:17 | |
Sir George White took inspiration from the Wright Brothers, | 0:10:18 | 0:10:22 | |
the two American inventors who achieved the first powered, | 0:10:22 | 0:10:25 | |
sustained and controlled aeroplane flight in 1903. | 0:10:25 | 0:10:30 | |
By 1910, White's company was manufacturing aircraft | 0:10:30 | 0:10:33 | |
on the Bristol Downs. | 0:10:33 | 0:10:35 | |
Why was Filton chosen as a site? | 0:10:36 | 0:10:39 | |
Well, there was a bus terminus at the top of Filton Hill, | 0:10:39 | 0:10:41 | |
and he thought that would be a good place to start. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:43 | |
He could take over the shed there, turn it into a factory. | 0:10:43 | 0:10:46 | |
What sort of aircraft did he build, or at least which ones successfully? | 0:10:46 | 0:10:49 | |
The first successful aircraft was the Boxkite, which flew in 1910. | 0:10:49 | 0:10:52 | |
It was actually the first mass-produced aircraft in Britain. | 0:10:52 | 0:10:55 | |
There was about 85 of them built altogether. | 0:10:55 | 0:10:58 | |
Made of wood, wire and cotton, | 0:10:58 | 0:11:00 | |
the Bristol Boxkite was exported throughout the world. | 0:11:00 | 0:11:04 | |
And as the skies darkened with the threat of war, | 0:11:04 | 0:11:08 | |
aviation was to evolve remarkably fast. | 0:11:08 | 0:11:12 | |
The British Government was quick to see the military potential, | 0:11:12 | 0:11:15 | |
and Filton would play a vital role. | 0:11:15 | 0:11:19 | |
What aircraft types might we know the names of? | 0:11:19 | 0:11:21 | |
Probably the most successful one was the Bristol Fighter which was built | 0:11:21 | 0:11:25 | |
in 1917. That was so successful, | 0:11:25 | 0:11:27 | |
they built about 5,000 of them, I think. | 0:11:27 | 0:11:30 | |
Right up to 1929. | 0:11:30 | 0:11:31 | |
And then probably the next successful one was Concorde. | 0:11:31 | 0:11:35 | |
So why don't we have Concorde today? | 0:11:35 | 0:11:37 | |
I think it was really down to the costs of it all, | 0:11:37 | 0:11:39 | |
justifying using that much fuel to fly across the Atlantic. | 0:11:39 | 0:11:42 | |
So it was all about economy. | 0:11:42 | 0:11:44 | |
Although aircraft no longer fly from here, | 0:11:48 | 0:11:50 | |
Filton is still at the forefront of aeronautical engineering. | 0:11:50 | 0:11:55 | |
I am making my way to Airbus' landing gear test facility | 0:11:55 | 0:11:59 | |
to meet Phil Simms. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:01 | |
Phil, these things are enormous. | 0:12:03 | 0:12:05 | |
This is the undercarriage of one aircraft. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:07 | |
This is the Airbus A380 aircraft. | 0:12:07 | 0:12:10 | |
We've got the entire landing gear system here. | 0:12:10 | 0:12:14 | |
There are 22 wheels in all. | 0:12:14 | 0:12:17 | |
It has all reached an extraordinary level of sophistication, hasn't it? | 0:12:17 | 0:12:21 | |
We're carrying 500, maybe up to 800 passengers on an Airbus A380. | 0:12:21 | 0:12:25 | |
You need the very latest technology, in terms of materials | 0:12:25 | 0:12:29 | |
and in terms of the analysis of this sort of equipment to know it's safe, | 0:12:29 | 0:12:33 | |
and we have to make sure that we've tested it. | 0:12:33 | 0:12:35 | |
When I pull that lever, there's 25 tonnes of rubber, metal, | 0:12:35 | 0:12:40 | |
steel and all sorts of other things go up safely, | 0:12:40 | 0:12:43 | |
as we hope it will on the aircraft itself. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:45 | |
-I want to pull that lever. -Great. | 0:12:45 | 0:12:47 | |
I am about to move 25 tonnes of landing gear. | 0:12:49 | 0:12:54 | |
The A380 is airborne. | 0:12:54 | 0:12:56 | |
I am in the captain's seat. | 0:12:56 | 0:12:58 | |
Undercarriage up. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:00 | |
Wow, and it all kicks into motion. | 0:13:04 | 0:13:08 | |
Oh! | 0:13:08 | 0:13:09 | |
That is amazing. Bits and pieces going up all over the place. | 0:13:10 | 0:13:14 | |
Just one push on the lever, and the whole lot retracts. | 0:13:16 | 0:13:20 | |
Undercarriage doors are going into place right now. | 0:13:20 | 0:13:23 | |
That was so good, I think we might bring them down again! | 0:13:23 | 0:13:25 | |
The toilets are no longer in use. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:27 | |
Cabin crew, resume your seats, please. | 0:13:27 | 0:13:29 | |
The lever goes down, the undercarriage doors open. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:33 | |
Wheels appearing over there. | 0:13:35 | 0:13:36 | |
Enormous wheels! | 0:13:36 | 0:13:38 | |
Wow. They are quite intimidating. | 0:13:39 | 0:13:41 | |
We are ready to land. | 0:13:41 | 0:13:43 | |
How many times do you have to test that? | 0:13:45 | 0:13:46 | |
Well, we typically test it about 5,000-6,000 times | 0:13:46 | 0:13:50 | |
before an aircraft goes into service. | 0:13:50 | 0:13:51 | |
I'm willing to do about 50 for you, would that be all right? | 0:13:51 | 0:13:54 | |
That would absolutely fine. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:55 | |
To celebrate the story of Bristol's aerospace history, | 0:13:57 | 0:14:00 | |
work is underway to create an aviation museum. | 0:14:00 | 0:14:04 | |
Of course, the most iconic passenger plane takes centre stage. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:09 | |
I used to travel on the Concorde a bit, | 0:14:12 | 0:14:14 | |
but I have never felt so intimate | 0:14:14 | 0:14:16 | |
with this magnificent piece of machinery. | 0:14:16 | 0:14:19 | |
I'd do day trips to Washington DC, | 0:14:19 | 0:14:21 | |
arriving there by 11am, coming back in the evening subsonically. | 0:14:21 | 0:14:26 | |
I felt so proud, | 0:14:26 | 0:14:27 | |
because supersonic passenger travel was the preserve of the French | 0:14:27 | 0:14:31 | |
and the British, not the Americans, not the Russians. | 0:14:31 | 0:14:35 | |
And now that we can no longer use it across the Atlantic, | 0:14:35 | 0:14:38 | |
it must be the only example of human beings having slowed down | 0:14:38 | 0:14:44 | |
in their history. | 0:14:44 | 0:14:45 | |
I'll spend the night in Bristol. | 0:15:00 | 0:15:02 | |
And it occurs to me that the city has, for centuries, | 0:15:02 | 0:15:05 | |
thrived on transport. | 0:15:05 | 0:15:07 | |
First, there were the ships, with their many cargoes, | 0:15:07 | 0:15:10 | |
including excellent Bristol sherry. | 0:15:10 | 0:15:12 | |
Then, the trains, with the building of the Great Western Railway, | 0:15:12 | 0:15:16 | |
by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. | 0:15:16 | 0:15:18 | |
And in the 20th century - aircraft, | 0:15:18 | 0:15:21 | |
from the Boxkite to the Concorde, | 0:15:21 | 0:15:24 | |
and everything was shipshape and Bristol fashion. | 0:15:24 | 0:15:28 | |
I rejoin the railway to make the 11-minute journey | 0:15:46 | 0:15:49 | |
from Bristol Temple Meads to Bath Spa. | 0:15:49 | 0:15:52 | |
During the course of the 19th century, | 0:15:53 | 0:15:55 | |
Britain moved gradually from allowing only a small minority | 0:15:55 | 0:15:59 | |
of people to vote | 0:15:59 | 0:16:00 | |
towards what politicians called universal suffrage. | 0:16:00 | 0:16:05 | |
But still, half the population was disqualified, | 0:16:05 | 0:16:08 | |
not by wealth or by character or by intellect, but by gender. | 0:16:08 | 0:16:13 | |
The Wiltshire Times of 1908 reports | 0:16:13 | 0:16:17 | |
a meeting at Eagle House in Bath Eastern where a suffragette, | 0:16:17 | 0:16:22 | |
Miss Annie Kenney, spoke of her prison experiences. | 0:16:22 | 0:16:26 | |
What had once been a voice in the wilderness, | 0:16:26 | 0:16:29 | |
calling for votes for women, | 0:16:29 | 0:16:31 | |
became, during the Edwardian period, a deafening clamour. | 0:16:31 | 0:16:35 | |
Founded around its hot springs, from Georgian times, | 0:16:55 | 0:16:59 | |
Bath was a resort for the well-heeled and fashionable. | 0:16:59 | 0:17:02 | |
It's famed for its Neo-classical Palladian architecture. | 0:17:07 | 0:17:10 | |
I'm heading to a fine Victorian building to find out | 0:17:17 | 0:17:20 | |
how the city played a part in the suffragette movement, | 0:17:20 | 0:17:23 | |
with professor of modern British history June Hammond. | 0:17:23 | 0:17:27 | |
Very good to see you. | 0:17:27 | 0:17:28 | |
How nice to meet you. | 0:17:28 | 0:17:30 | |
And a very nice place. | 0:17:30 | 0:17:31 | |
-It's lovely, isn't it? -Why did you suggest it? | 0:17:31 | 0:17:33 | |
Well, I thought it would be a good idea, | 0:17:33 | 0:17:35 | |
because it used to be the old police station, | 0:17:35 | 0:17:37 | |
and of course it was a place that suffragettes could be brought | 0:17:37 | 0:17:41 | |
when they had done something to break the law. | 0:17:41 | 0:17:44 | |
What were the prison experiences of the women? | 0:17:44 | 0:17:47 | |
Well, they usually had a pretty difficult time, | 0:17:47 | 0:17:49 | |
and I think partly because | 0:17:49 | 0:17:50 | |
they wanted the status of political prisoners, | 0:17:50 | 0:17:52 | |
and they were not being given that status. | 0:17:52 | 0:17:54 | |
And so, by 1909, | 0:17:54 | 0:17:56 | |
many of them went on hunger strike, and that was when they would be | 0:17:56 | 0:18:00 | |
-forcibly fed. -How did the Liberal government react to this terrible | 0:18:00 | 0:18:04 | |
-embarrassment? -Well, they were worried about them becoming martyrs, | 0:18:04 | 0:18:07 | |
and so they brought in legislation which ensured that if you got very | 0:18:07 | 0:18:13 | |
weak, you would be brought out of prison, | 0:18:13 | 0:18:15 | |
and then you would go back into prison when you had recovered. | 0:18:15 | 0:18:18 | |
And so they called this The Cat And Mouse Act. | 0:18:18 | 0:18:21 | |
I am interested in this press cutting. | 0:18:21 | 0:18:24 | |
"By the kind invitation of Colonel and Mrs Blathwayt, | 0:18:24 | 0:18:27 | |
"and Miss Blathwayt, | 0:18:27 | 0:18:28 | |
"a number of guests assembled in the beautiful garden at Eagle House, | 0:18:28 | 0:18:32 | |
"Bath Eastern." Tell me about the Blathwayts. | 0:18:32 | 0:18:35 | |
Well, the Blathwayts were a local family | 0:18:35 | 0:18:38 | |
who were all supportive of the militant suffrage movement, | 0:18:38 | 0:18:42 | |
the most well-known one being | 0:18:42 | 0:18:43 | |
the Pankhurst-led Women's Social and Political Union. | 0:18:43 | 0:18:46 | |
Between 1909 and 1912, the Blathwayt family offered their | 0:18:46 | 0:18:51 | |
home, Eagle House, as a refuge for around 60 women | 0:18:51 | 0:18:55 | |
who had been put in jail. Among them were suffragette Annie Kenney, | 0:18:55 | 0:19:00 | |
a friend of sisters Christabel and Sylvia Pankhurst. | 0:19:00 | 0:19:04 | |
Does Eagle House still exist? | 0:19:04 | 0:19:06 | |
Yes, it is still there, and it is still very recognisable | 0:19:06 | 0:19:08 | |
with the eagle on the top. | 0:19:08 | 0:19:10 | |
Women over 30 first voted in Britain in 1918, | 0:19:13 | 0:19:17 | |
but it wasn't until 1928 | 0:19:17 | 0:19:18 | |
that all women enjoyed equal voting rights with men. | 0:19:18 | 0:19:23 | |
I've made a four-mile trip to Eagle House, outside the city, | 0:19:23 | 0:19:27 | |
to hear some reminiscences from Frieda Roberts. | 0:19:27 | 0:19:31 | |
Now, what is your connection with Eagle House? | 0:19:31 | 0:19:34 | |
Well, of course, I was born in the servants' quarter, | 0:19:34 | 0:19:39 | |
and we rented it from the Blathwayts. | 0:19:39 | 0:19:43 | |
Which members of the Blathwayt family do you remember? | 0:19:43 | 0:19:45 | |
Mary and William. | 0:19:45 | 0:19:47 | |
Do you have an impression of Mary Blathwayt? | 0:19:47 | 0:19:49 | |
Yes, I do. Very kind, | 0:19:49 | 0:19:51 | |
almost timid lady. | 0:19:51 | 0:19:54 | |
Tell me about this photograph here. | 0:19:54 | 0:19:56 | |
-This is Mary. -Mary Blathwayt. -Yeah. | 0:19:56 | 0:19:59 | |
And this is Annie. | 0:19:59 | 0:20:01 | |
-Kenney? -Yes. -And what are they doing? | 0:20:01 | 0:20:04 | |
When they visited the house, they were asked to plant a tree. | 0:20:04 | 0:20:09 | |
And so, for each of the women who came here, perhaps from prison, | 0:20:09 | 0:20:12 | |
a tree was planted, was it? | 0:20:12 | 0:20:13 | |
Yes. Each one. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:15 | |
Have any of those trees survived, do you know? | 0:20:15 | 0:20:17 | |
Well, apparently there's one. | 0:20:17 | 0:20:19 | |
-Just one. -It would be 100 years old by now. | 0:20:19 | 0:20:21 | |
-It will. -How do you feel about those women? | 0:20:21 | 0:20:24 | |
-Those suffragettes? -Well, I think they went through an awful lot. | 0:20:24 | 0:20:28 | |
You know, people should remember that, I think. | 0:20:28 | 0:20:31 | |
They knew what they wanted and, in the end, they got it, didn't they? | 0:20:31 | 0:20:36 | |
Well, we've only got a cup of tea, | 0:20:36 | 0:20:38 | |
but I think we should drink a toast to women's suffrage. | 0:20:38 | 0:20:41 | |
Yes. | 0:20:41 | 0:20:42 | |
I'm heading back to Bristol Temple Meads | 0:20:53 | 0:20:56 | |
to change trains for my last destination. | 0:20:56 | 0:20:59 | |
The Edwardian period brought with it anxieties, | 0:20:59 | 0:21:03 | |
industrial strife, rebellious stirrings in Ireland, | 0:21:03 | 0:21:07 | |
violence perpetrated by and inflicted upon suffragettes. | 0:21:07 | 0:21:11 | |
Luckily, this was the first age of escapism, | 0:21:11 | 0:21:15 | |
for the golden era of Empire ushered in the silver screen. | 0:21:15 | 0:21:19 | |
-Hello. -Hello, sir. -Stopping service to Plymouth, going to Yatton. | 0:21:29 | 0:21:33 | |
-9.55, Plymouth, sir. Platform 12. -Platform 12. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:35 | |
-Down the stairs, diagonally across. -Thank you. | 0:21:35 | 0:21:38 | |
I'm en route to Yatton, | 0:21:52 | 0:21:54 | |
but my end point is the Somerset town of Clevedon, | 0:21:54 | 0:21:57 | |
which travellers following my 1907 timetable | 0:21:57 | 0:22:00 | |
could have reached directly | 0:22:00 | 0:22:02 | |
with at least ten trains running per day. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:04 | |
Clevedon became a popular seaside resort in the Victorian era. | 0:22:08 | 0:22:12 | |
But I have come here to see how Edwardians | 0:22:12 | 0:22:14 | |
added a thoroughly modern attraction. | 0:22:14 | 0:22:17 | |
Susannah Shaw is an expert on the history | 0:22:19 | 0:22:22 | |
of the town's community cinema. | 0:22:22 | 0:22:24 | |
Susannah, this is a marvellously preserved cinema - | 0:22:26 | 0:22:29 | |
how long is its history? | 0:22:29 | 0:22:31 | |
It goes back to 1912, that is when the first cinema opened, | 0:22:31 | 0:22:35 | |
built by Victor Cox, a stonemason, who had a good eye for business. | 0:22:35 | 0:22:39 | |
Has this cinema been opened continuously since 1912? | 0:22:39 | 0:22:43 | |
Apart from Christmas Day and Boxing Day, it's run continuously, | 0:22:43 | 0:22:45 | |
even with the rebuilding that went on in the 1920s. | 0:22:45 | 0:22:49 | |
Tell me about its inauguration in 1912. | 0:22:49 | 0:22:51 | |
Well, it was due to open on the 15th of April, | 0:22:51 | 0:22:54 | |
but there was a technical hitch and it was delayed for a few days, | 0:22:54 | 0:22:58 | |
and in that period, we heard news about the sinking of the Titanic. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:03 | |
So, the first film that was shown here, | 0:23:03 | 0:23:05 | |
it was a fundraiser for the families | 0:23:05 | 0:23:08 | |
and the survivors of the Titanic. | 0:23:08 | 0:23:10 | |
An extraordinary piece of history. | 0:23:10 | 0:23:12 | |
What we know as moving film, moving footage, when does that originate? | 0:23:12 | 0:23:16 | |
The first public viewing would have been with the Lumiere brothers' | 0:23:16 | 0:23:19 | |
first film in 1895. | 0:23:19 | 0:23:21 | |
-In France. -In France, yeah. | 0:23:21 | 0:23:23 | |
Were there are already movie stars in the Edwardian era? | 0:23:23 | 0:23:25 | |
Yes. Obviously, someone like Mary Pickford, | 0:23:25 | 0:23:28 | |
who was America's sweetheart. | 0:23:28 | 0:23:30 | |
She and her husband, Douglas Fairbanks Jr, | 0:23:30 | 0:23:32 | |
teamed up with Charlie Chaplin to create United Artists. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:35 | |
Cinema emerged as a popular entertainment | 0:23:38 | 0:23:41 | |
and an important source of | 0:23:41 | 0:23:43 | |
information in the Edwardian era. | 0:23:43 | 0:23:46 | |
Moving pictures of Queen Victoria's funeral and Edward VII's coronation, | 0:23:46 | 0:23:51 | |
with their pomp and circumstance, found an enthusiastic audience. | 0:23:51 | 0:23:55 | |
The world of cinema is highly addictive, | 0:23:59 | 0:24:01 | |
and for those who've got the bug, | 0:24:01 | 0:24:04 | |
there is nowhere more exciting than the projection room. | 0:24:04 | 0:24:07 | |
Two projectors, because in the old days, | 0:24:07 | 0:24:10 | |
the projectionist showed one reel on one projector - | 0:24:10 | 0:24:13 | |
that lasted about 20 minutes - | 0:24:13 | 0:24:15 | |
then the other projector would kick in. | 0:24:15 | 0:24:17 | |
Meanwhile, the projectionist is preparing the next reel, | 0:24:17 | 0:24:20 | |
so that the whole film is shown seamlessly. | 0:24:20 | 0:24:23 | |
And this is just such a beautiful and exciting place. | 0:24:23 | 0:24:27 | |
John Neal has been a projectionist here for over 20 years. | 0:24:31 | 0:24:35 | |
Hello, John. | 0:24:35 | 0:24:37 | |
-Hello, Michael. -I find you in the very modern projection room, | 0:24:37 | 0:24:40 | |
but in the earliest days, 1912, | 0:24:40 | 0:24:42 | |
what would it have been like in the projection room? | 0:24:42 | 0:24:45 | |
Well, it would have been very hot. | 0:24:45 | 0:24:46 | |
They would have been using carbon arcs - | 0:24:46 | 0:24:48 | |
carbon arcs are carbon electrodes that come together to make a spark. | 0:24:48 | 0:24:52 | |
It produces an intense amount of light, | 0:24:52 | 0:24:54 | |
but an intense amount of heat. | 0:24:54 | 0:24:57 | |
And there would have been a lot of panic to get | 0:24:57 | 0:24:59 | |
one reel laced up, in frame, | 0:24:59 | 0:25:02 | |
in rack before the next one runs out. | 0:25:02 | 0:25:05 | |
-Was it dangerous, then? -It was a dangerous activity because there was | 0:25:05 | 0:25:10 | |
flame and there was nitrate film stock, | 0:25:10 | 0:25:12 | |
but these were operations that could be managed safely, | 0:25:12 | 0:25:16 | |
and they managed. | 0:25:16 | 0:25:17 | |
-You had to be wiping the sweat from your brow, I imagine. -Absolutely. | 0:25:17 | 0:25:20 | |
Until the arrival of the talkies, | 0:25:26 | 0:25:28 | |
silent movies depended on live musical accompaniment, | 0:25:28 | 0:25:33 | |
today in the hands of Bernie Brown, one of the cinema's organists. | 0:25:33 | 0:25:37 | |
Sorry to interrupt you, Bernie. | 0:25:42 | 0:25:45 | |
When did they start to use organs in cinemas? | 0:25:45 | 0:25:48 | |
-In the Edwardian period? -Yes, from around about 1907 onwards, | 0:25:48 | 0:25:53 | |
you'd find small church organs being used in cinemas. | 0:25:53 | 0:25:56 | |
That looks like a church organ there, | 0:25:56 | 0:25:58 | |
but all of these bits and pieces, | 0:25:58 | 0:26:00 | |
-what are they for? -Well, they're all designed to accompany silent films, | 0:26:00 | 0:26:03 | |
so you have loads of different effects. | 0:26:03 | 0:26:04 | |
You'll have sort of a fire gong... | 0:26:04 | 0:26:06 | |
A klaxon horn... | 0:26:06 | 0:26:07 | |
-A car horn... -You didn't give me a train. | 0:26:08 | 0:26:11 | |
-HE LAUGHS -I can do a train. | 0:26:11 | 0:26:13 | |
So yes, you can do a train. | 0:26:19 | 0:26:20 | |
That's absolutely brilliant. Is there any chance of seeing some | 0:26:20 | 0:26:23 | |
-footage on your lovely silver screen today? -Yes, of course there is. | 0:26:23 | 0:26:26 | |
We've got a silent film rigged up for you to see. | 0:26:26 | 0:26:28 | |
I hope you'll be playing to accompany it. | 0:26:28 | 0:26:30 | |
-I will indeed. -I'll take a seat. | 0:26:30 | 0:26:31 | |
-Thank you. -Thank you. | 0:26:31 | 0:26:33 | |
ORGAN MUSIC PLAYS | 0:26:33 | 0:26:36 | |
"There was once a man who caught a train... | 0:26:52 | 0:26:54 | |
TRAIN WHISTLES, BELL DINGS | 0:26:54 | 0:26:56 | |
HE LAUGHS | 0:26:56 | 0:26:59 | |
TRAIN CHUGS | 0:26:59 | 0:27:01 | |
"The end." | 0:27:08 | 0:27:10 | |
UPLIFTING MUSIC | 0:27:10 | 0:27:13 | |
What a happy ending. | 0:27:13 | 0:27:15 | |
An Edwardian watching an air show could have no idea | 0:27:23 | 0:27:27 | |
that, in coming years, planes would obliterate cities | 0:27:27 | 0:27:30 | |
and fly us from London to New York in three hours. | 0:27:30 | 0:27:34 | |
At the time of my Bradshaw's, | 0:27:34 | 0:27:36 | |
suffragettes were widely regarded as misguided fanatics. | 0:27:36 | 0:27:41 | |
Only the most vivid imaginations could conceive of talking pictures, | 0:27:41 | 0:27:45 | |
with their potential to inform and entertain. | 0:27:45 | 0:27:49 | |
Today, we think we know everything, | 0:27:49 | 0:27:52 | |
but we understand the future no better | 0:27:52 | 0:27:55 | |
than our Edwardian ancestors. | 0:27:55 | 0:27:57 | |
Next time, I discover how Edwardian gardens came into bloom. | 0:28:03 | 0:28:08 | |
They're old-fashioned roses, | 0:28:08 | 0:28:09 | |
the scent's really powerful in the old roses. | 0:28:09 | 0:28:12 | |
Yes, wonderful fragrance. | 0:28:12 | 0:28:13 | |
Learn how the new bells peeled... | 0:28:13 | 0:28:15 | |
..to herald the incoming monarch. | 0:28:17 | 0:28:19 | |
Isn't that lovely? | 0:28:19 | 0:28:20 | |
And I'm led a merry dance in the name of fertility. | 0:28:21 | 0:28:24 |