Indonesia Equator


Indonesia

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We're right on the Equator, according to my handy little gadget here,

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and we're in western Indonesia - we think this island is the first bit of land

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between here and Africa that way, and now we are going to begin our journey across Indonesia.

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My equatorial journey across Indonesia will take me

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through some of the most beautiful but endangered parts of the planet,

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as well as areas of violent conflict.

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My first stop, the Batu Islands, are 60 miles away from their neighbour, Sumatra.

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Very few ferries make the journey here,

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leaving the people here isolated from the outside world.

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My guide Amalia explained they don't get many visitors here.

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Hello, hello!

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They're very excited.

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Very excited, the first time maybe they see foreigners.

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-The first time?

-Think so.

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Really? It's quite surprising in a way, because it really is so stunningly beautiful here!

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At first glance, the islands are a palm-covered tropical paradise, surrounded by coral lagoons.

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It would be perfect for tourists, if only they could get here!

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With little contact with the outside world, the people here live a subsistence lifestyle.

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One of their main sources of food is fish, and the men took me out to find dinner.

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THEY SHOUT

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THEY SING

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We were off to do some fitabo, the local method of fishing.

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You fitabo, I will fitabo,

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we will fitabo together.

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Come on! We've got to catch up! Can we join you here?

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You're just deliberately soaking us now. Stop that!

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Fitabo involves all the men from the village surrounding a lagoon

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and then herding the fish towards the shore in an ever-decreasing circle.

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A fish! A fish! A fish!

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It actually worked.

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Our main catch were the brightly coloured parrot fish, whose colours match the coral they graze.

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They may have caught enough fish for the evening meal,

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but there was no escaping the isolation and poverty.

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Many of the children will leave the island to find work when they're old enough.

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In the evening, the men gather and sing

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of how those who leave must never forget the islands they come from.

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We woke to news of a tragedy in the village.

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A child. A small child, I think, Amalia?

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Has died in the village.

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Nobody was sure what illness the young boy had died from.

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There was no doctor in the village and there would be no coroner's report.

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In this hot and humid climate, burials take place at once.

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Obviously, there is a much higher rate of infant mortality here

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than there is in the West.

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Do you think it's more accepted that children will die before they become

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-young adults in this sort of area of Indonesia?

-Yeah.

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The health system doesn't work here.

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They accept, for example, like the child now die because they don't know what kind of sickness he got,

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so they said that maybe he got curse, a curse in the way that they don't know what kind of sickness,

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so they just say that, but in medical term, maybe the child got a fever.

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The islands may look like paradise, but life here is hard and can be desperately short.

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The nearest medical help is a long boat trip away from the village.

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Indonesia is the most populous Muslim nation on the planet,

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but the villagers here are Christians, like 8% of the 240-million-strong population.

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The mother of the boy was a young widow who had lost her husband just a year before.

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That night, we had to say goodbye to the villagers,

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to rendezvous with a small cargo boat that would take us east to the Batus' giant neighbour, Sumatra.

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It doesn't look very big.

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We're supposed to go right across to Sumatra on this,

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which is going to be a journey between 15 and 17 hours.

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It was a traditional wooden boat which usually carries fish, fruit and livestock.

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There were no cabins.

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We were to spend our night under the stars sleeping on a wooden deck.

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A bit achey - not great, not horrendous,

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just a bit rough.

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The crew seemed to have had a better night's sleep than I did,

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judging by the beating they gave me at dominoes.

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Oh, no!

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Yet again, I lose!

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Have we been playing for money?

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No? Phew.

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I had a horrible feeling I had just spent all our budget.

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We landed in Sumatra at Padang,

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a port just south of the Equator.

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Indonesia is made up of more than 17,000 islands, and hundreds of ethnic groups.

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Since independence from the Dutch, the country has endured decades of dictatorship.

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But for the last eight years,

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it's been a fragile democracy,

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as the government struggles to keep this disparate nation together.

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We headed north by road towards Bukittinggi and the Equator.

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The scenery becomes increasingly dramatic as the road climbs through

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the hills of west Sumatra, with jungle-covered mountains and volcanoes.

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Bukittinggi is more than 900 metres above sea level.

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Its name means "high hills".

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The town's hub is the market.

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Indonesians live much of their lives outside -

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they shop at street markets and eat at street stalls called warungs.

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Amalia took me to one to try a local delicacy.

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Really quick,

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looks good.

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This is satay padang.

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-This is intestine, try it. Very nice.

-Hang on.

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-It's what?

-Intestine.

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-Intestine.

-Of beef.

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And this is a delicacy? OK...

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Still hot? How is it?

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It's still hot.

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It's not that bad -

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it could grow on me.

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I'm not sure what the slightly jelly-like substance in the middle is, though. What would that be?

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The contents of the intestine?

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-Yes, maybe.

-Oh, no!

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Go on, finish it, you got three intestine!

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Meat in the market is so fresh, it's still clucking.

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You wouldn't know it walking round here,

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but Indonesia has been badly hit by bird flu,

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with one of the highest number of cases in the world.

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We've got one in here that's being... Ooh, chopped to pieces by the look of it...

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Seven members of one family died elsewhere in Sumatra.

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We were assured Bukittinggi hadn't been affected.

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Have you noticed your sales being affected at all,

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any of the shoppers concerned about the bird flu?

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AMALIA TRANSLATES

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I'm not worried about bird flu,

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I'm not worried about bird flu, but it affected my chicken sales.

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-It has affected my chicken sales...

-In the past, not so much now.

-Yes, not so much now.

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Are people getting maybe a little bit complacent about it, then,

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-as it's still a threat, isn't it?

-Yes, it's still a threat.

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Have you been given any advice by the government about how to prevent bird flu?

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Yes, the government give, er...precaution training to them, how to give a vaccine, etc.

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He says that people might be afraid, but we are here from 6am until 6pm

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-dealing with chicken.

-And they're OK so far.

-And they're OK so far.

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Amalia, what are we doing now?

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Well, she's checking which chicken that has an egg,

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so after that once they've found it and then they have to try it.

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Put your finger in the chicken bum.

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-Put my finger in the what?

-In the chicken bum.

-In the chicken's bum?

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And why would I want to do that?

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So you can know whether there's an egg or not in the chicken.

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-It's fun, isn't it?

-Oh, it's fun, that sounds fun,

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a fun day for me consists of putting my finger up a chicken's arse, for sure.

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Come on, try it!

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Is anything there?

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-There's nothing there, no!

-Nothing there in the chicken bum.

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-Smell it.

-I don't want to smell it!

-Smell it, Simon, smell it!

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I was keen to get on and see some of Indonesia's slightly more exciting wildlife.

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So I took a flight east to see one of the world's largest populations of orang-utans,

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on Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo.

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Borneo's the next major island along the Equator.

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I knew the rainforest on the Equator, a home to the orang-utans,

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is under threat from loggers.

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To be certain of meeting orang-utans I needed to take a detour south of the Equator,

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and headed towards a national park considered one of the island's great treasures.

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-Zacky?

-Yeah.

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-Hello.

-I'm Zacky.

-Simon.

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-Zacky.

-Nice to meet you.

-Nice to meet you too.

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We meet up with Zacky, a zoologist from Orang-utan Foundation International,

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an organisation dedicated to protecting the primates from extinction.

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He was taking us to Tanjung Puting National Park,

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where hundreds of orang-utans have found sanctuary.

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The last count,

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6,000 individuals there.

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6,000 orang-utans in the park, so we'll definitely see one at least?

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Yeah, I guarantee that!

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More and more of the Borneo forest is being chopped down every year.

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It's estimated that Indonesia as a whole has lost three quarters of its native woodland.

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And as loggers chop down the trees, orang-utan numbers are collapsing.

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The park is one of the few remaining protected areas of this extraordinary island.

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To give you some idea, the UK has just over 30 native species of trees.

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Borneo as a whole has more than 5,000.

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But the current rate of forest loss in this country is the worst in the world.

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Are we arrived?

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Yeah, we are here now at Camp Leakey.

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Fantastic, it really does look like paradise.

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Look, there's somebody coming to meet us.

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-Can we go?

-Yes, sure, sure.

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Is it OK for us to have food in our pockets, or water?

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Yeah, they're looking for water or something, but I can handle him and you go.

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I just run off and leave you to look after him?

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Oh...

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Well, he managed to get that from me quite quickly.

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Yeah, he makes sure it's food or water.

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-So have you got to try to recover all the water now?

-Yeah.

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-Are you just gonna take it off him?

-Give him one and then make sure....

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He doesn't want to have the plastic bag.

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Shall we get the plastic bag back?

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You can get the plastic bag.

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No, you can get it back!

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-It's OK.

-Can we have that back? Thank you very much.

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You are absolutely incredible.

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Can we take the top off for you, at least, so you can have a drink?

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No, he's done that, he doesn't need our help.

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Give us the plastic back.

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You don't want the plastic. Go on, spit it out, spit it out!

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Thank you, you make me feel like Dr Doolittle!

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The reception was a reminder that we were now in their territory.

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The literal translation of "orang-utan" is "man of the forest".

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This is an area where you feed them.

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HE CALLS

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Presumably they're calling them down now.

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And here they come.

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Many of these apes have been rehabilitated into the wild,

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but there's not enough forest and wild fruit to support them,

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so the Foundation puts out food to help them survive.

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Orang-utans used to be spread across south Asia.

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Now they're only found on Sumatra and here on Borneo.

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Oh, this is really quite breathtaking...

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Somebody has got a weapon.

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We'd made the cardinal mistake of guests, and outstayed our welcome.

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-OK, now she's getting really cross with us.

-Yeah.

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Our cameraman, Fred, bore the brunt of the attack.

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Now she's getting really cross with us. She's had enough!

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It's getting almost tempting to throw something back.

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Ooh!

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I think it's time for us to go!

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The Foundation also looks after around 120 orang-utan orphans.

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How old are these little ones?

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About nine months.

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And what are their names?

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Leah and Lesley.

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Leah and Lesley.

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You poor thing! Most of these orphans have the same story.

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The dwindling forests are no longer big enough to feed the orang-utan population.

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Their mothers were forced into the open, leaving them vulnerable to hunters and loggers.

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Baby orang-utans are spared because they're valuable as pets.

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These are the lucky ones who've been rescued.

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Look at all of them! They can't wait!

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Simon, you can take one.

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OK, do they want me?

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Beautiful, pretty.

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Yes, thank you very much.

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And who's this?

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-Osborne.

-Osborne.

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So, Zacky, why are we taking the orang-utans on a group outing?

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This forest is like a practice for them to the real forest,

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to the real jungle,

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like this...forest they can practise for climb, for...

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So you want to reintroduce them into the wild?

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Yep, yep.

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Oh, this is what she wants.

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Here we go.

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Off you go!

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Many are ready to go back to the wild,

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but the Foundation is running out of safe forest where it can release them.

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So where have all of them come from?

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Well, most from central Kalimantan,

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from logging concession, from palm-oil plantation -

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the big, big problem, the big, big threat,

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that destruction area from palm-oil plantation.

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That's number one.

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The government has clamped down on illegal logging for lumber,

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but now the great problem is the destruction of the forest

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to make way for palm oil, a new supercrop.

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Conservationists claim this huge plantation, with its smoking factory,

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has been partially built on land which is inside the boundaries of the National Park.

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Stephen Brend is another zoologist working for the Orang-utan Foundation,

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who's campaigning to stop more park forest being cut down

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to make way for massive palm-oil plantations.

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So what exactly is it?

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Palm oil's this miracle crop,

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vegetable oil, it's in 10% of all UK supermarket products.

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10%?!

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Often when you see something that says "fried in vegetable oil", they'll mean it's palm oil.

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It's in biscuits, it's even in ice cream, it's in cosmetics

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and it could end up in your petrol tank if the demand for bio-diesel booms.

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This is... This is the fruit.

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This is palm oil.

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This very thing is what the problem is all about. But it's not that.

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What the problem is that the return per tree is so small,

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to make it economical, they grow palm oil in multi-thousand-hectare plantations,

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and where the palm-oil trees go used to be rainforest.

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It is a wonder crop, and it's incredibly useful,

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and we've got to use it, but it's where we grow it and how we grow it.

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Indonesia has every right to the money that can be got from harvesting this fruit,

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but it shouldn't be done at the expense of the National Park.

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Government officials are currently reviewing the boundaries of the park.

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It could mean the loss of a further 300 sq kilometres to palm oil,

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an area nearly the size of the Isle of Wight.

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Stephen thinks it could mean a further 500 orang-utans losing their habitat.

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But while the battle over the future of the Park continues, small-scale logging still goes on.

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So Stephen, what's going on here?

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Well, this is a logging rail -

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this is how people move logs out of the National Park.

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-Legally, or illegally?

-It's in the National Park - it's illegal.

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This is the area that's in dispute of the National Park -

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and so we're getting the sense that local people are saying,

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"Look, this is going to become a palm-oil plantation anyway, let us get the wood out."

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It's a very difficult situation to try and control.

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-I can hear the...

-You can hear it in the background.

-..the chainsaws.

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You think we can get to it this way, Zacky?

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Yeah, a little bit far, but we can try.

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We decided to follow the noise.

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Let's hope they're friendly.

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Have you had a hard day today?

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How many trees have you managed to cut down today?

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-TRANSLATION:

-We have cut down two trees today.

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Two trees today?

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Do you think these trees belong to your village or do they belong to the National Park?

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-TRANSLATION:

-This here - the trees belong to the village.

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The men, who claimed they didn't know they were doing anything wrong,

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say they supply the wood to local businesses.

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Do you think there will be any trees left when your kids grow up?

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-TRANSLATION:

-We don't know.

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We'll have to see.

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If companies keep cutting down trees, obviously all the trees will go.

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It's just the same message - palm oil robs us of the forest - it's the same thing.

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He didn't use the word "rob", he just said the trees go, I'm using the word "rob".

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The Equator cuts right across Borneo,

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and the road taking us east was bordered by what's left of the once mighty rainforests.

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The ravaged landscape was a stark reminder of what the future may hold for the National Park.

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But man hasn't just been destroying the native habitat and species here.

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In recent years, the people in Borneo have been turning on each other.

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The main ethnic group here are the Dayak head-hunters.

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There's eight million here on this equatorial island,

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some living primitively in the forest, others in towns and villages.

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I was heading east from the National Park to the town of Palangkaraya,

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in the centre of Borneo.

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The Dayaks here confirmed their fearsome reputation a few years ago when they went on the rampage,

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attacking another ethnic group, the Madurese, immigrants to the island.

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Jihan, who worked as a journalist in the town during the attacks,

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wanted to bring me here and show me around.

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This is the first road I took, and the first body that I found

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was located right in that side of the road.

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-First body?

-Yes,

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and...

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it was quite terrifying, quite shocking for me,

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cos it's kind of hard to comprehend, seeing a body without a head.

0:29:390:29:43

Did you feel personally threatened?

0:29:430:29:46

Somehow, I didn't, I didn't really care what my ethnicity at the time,

0:29:460:29:53

until later on, I realised I still had a little bit of Madurese blood,

0:29:540:29:58

when someone, one of the Dayak leaders kind of like identified me and saying,

0:29:580:30:03

basically, like giving me a notification,

0:30:030:30:07

or sort of like a warning saying, "You're not one of our targets,

0:30:070:30:12

"but, at the same time, we cannot guarantee your safety."

0:30:120:30:15

The Madurese came to Borneo as part of the Indonesian government's policy of transmigration -

0:30:150:30:22

a system of moving people from the overcrowded islands of the south

0:30:220:30:27

to less-populated land in the north.

0:30:270:30:29

The policy led to clashes over land and culture, particularly between the Dayaks and the Madurese.

0:30:290:30:36

A mob of Dayaks came down here and hunt down the Madurese

0:30:400:30:44

and try to demolish anything that belongs to Madurese,

0:30:440:30:49

just to make sure that no more identity of the Madurese left in this one particular place.

0:30:490:30:57

For the Madurese who managed to take shelter and seek refuge at the military base,

0:31:010:31:05

or the police stations, the most important in their mind - just leave this place.

0:31:050:31:10

-Get out.

-Just get out, definitely.

0:31:100:31:13

Between 1997 and 2003, the Dayaks killed thousands of Madurese.

0:31:130:31:19

Nobody knows the true number.

0:31:190:31:22

Eyewitnesses said many were cannibalised after their deaths.

0:31:220:31:26

We were invited to a Dayak village to meet some of those involved in the fighting.

0:31:380:31:43

We found them in a celebratory mood.

0:31:580:32:01

They were holding a Tiwah, a religious ceremony dedicated to the dead.

0:32:010:32:06

We were welcomed as honoured guests and asked to take part in the dancing.

0:32:140:32:19

Something curious is about to happen, I can see.

0:32:310:32:38

After the dance, one of the elders, Robert, agreed to tell us about the attacks on the Madurese.

0:32:510:32:57

What is the problem the Dayaks have with the Madurese? What was the cause of the conflict?

0:32:570:33:03

TRANSLATION: The Madurese behave as they pleased, gambling, cock fighting.

0:33:030:33:11

That was the start of it.

0:33:110:33:13

They always carried their weapons and used them in arguments.

0:33:130:33:18

What happened during the conflict,

0:33:180:33:20

can you explain a little bit more about it, what was the conflict about?

0:33:200:33:24

TRANSLATION: They attacked us first, killing two people from our village.

0:33:240:33:28

If you are good to us, then we will be very good to you.

0:33:280:33:32

If you treat us badly, then we will treat you worse.

0:33:320:33:36

Was my sword here involved in the fighting at all, would this have been used?

0:33:380:33:43

TRANSLATION: This is the Dayak traditional weapon, which we have used for a long time.

0:33:480:33:54

When we had our fight with the Madurese, we used it.

0:33:560:33:59

Many Madurese were beheaded with these swords.

0:33:590:34:02

We chopped off their heads with these swords.

0:34:020:34:05

So were you actually involved in the fighting?

0:34:050:34:09

Not directly, but I was giving out orders.

0:34:090:34:12

My son was involved in the fighting.

0:34:120:34:14

And what was your son's involvement, what did your son do?

0:34:140:34:19

What I did at the time, I forbade my son to join.

0:34:190:34:26

The Madurese had killed his best friend.

0:34:260:34:29

If they were Madurese, my son did not hesitate to kill them.

0:34:330:34:36

Off with their heads.

0:34:380:34:40

If they were Madurese, he had to kill them.

0:34:420:34:46

It was payback time.

0:34:460:34:48

We destroyed everything, including their livestock.

0:34:480:34:52

You've already prepared breakfast for us! You are being too kind!

0:34:590:35:05

Robert wanted to show us the other side of Dayak culture,

0:35:050:35:08

the great hospitality given to strangers who aren't seen as a threat.

0:35:080:35:12

I thought it was just going to be a meal,

0:35:120:35:15

but he'd decided he wanted to make me a Dayak by adopting me into his family.

0:35:150:35:19

They consider us as family, that's why they want us to take part here.

0:35:190:35:24

I was anointed with chicken's blood, which is meant to bring me good health and good luck.

0:35:510:35:58

Rice was placed on my head, representing power and food for the community.

0:35:580:36:03

Thank you, thank you!

0:36:130:36:15

What are my responsibilities now as your adopted son?

0:36:160:36:21

TRANSLATION: Your responsibility is just to remember us here -

0:36:250:36:28

we want you to remember us - your father and mother.

0:36:280:36:31

I did have 11 children, now 12 with this one.

0:36:330:36:38

I had mixed feelings leaving the Dayaks. They had been fantastically welcoming to me,

0:36:460:36:53

but they also weren't ashamed to admit they'd killed settlers on Borneo who they'd fallen out with.

0:36:530:36:59

Borneo isn't the only island where conflict is destroying lives.

0:37:130:37:18

I was leaving from the port of Balikpapan on Borneo's east coast, just south of the Equator.

0:37:210:37:27

I think our boat is this way.

0:37:300:37:32

It looks huge!

0:37:410:37:43

The ferry is one of the craft which knits together this nation

0:37:430:37:46

of different islands, races and religions.

0:37:460:37:49

Conditions look a bit rudimentary inside.

0:37:560:38:01

Hello!

0:38:010:38:03

Having spent a night on deck during our last sea trip,

0:38:040:38:08

I wasn't looking forward to the overcrowded sleeping arrangements on this one.

0:38:080:38:12

I'm not sure if we're supposed to be sleeping in here.

0:38:120:38:15

Upstairs?

0:38:210:38:23

It's like a cross-channel ferry.

0:38:240:38:26

-Whoa!

-Look at this!

-Do we have a bit of luxury travel?

0:38:320:38:36

Not bad. Look at it.

0:38:360:38:39

Much nicer than I expected! Oh!

0:38:390:38:43

What a relief!

0:38:430:38:46

It turned out my cheap ticket entitled me to a luxury cabin for the night!

0:38:460:38:52

This is really quite nice!

0:38:520:38:54

The ferry was taking us to Palu,

0:39:120:39:14

a town just off the Equator on the island of Sulawesi.

0:39:140:39:17

It's an island of dramatic mountains, and a striking coastline.

0:39:240:39:28

But its beauty contrasts with bloody religious conflict.

0:39:280:39:32

PEOPLE CHANT PRAYERS

0:39:400:39:42

Like the rest of Indonesia, the vast majority of people living on Sulawesi are Muslims.

0:39:440:39:50

But it also contains significant numbers of Christians and other religious minorities.

0:39:550:40:00

In recent years, clashes between Muslims and Christians have claimed more than 1,000 lives.

0:40:000:40:06

There have been recent bombings in Palu and, as I drove into town, the atmosphere was still tense.

0:40:060:40:13

The problems started in 1998, when the national government had collapsed

0:40:130:40:17

and Indonesia was in chaos.

0:40:170:40:19

Local political rivalries split along religious lines.

0:40:190:40:23

Street fights over political power escalated until entire communities were being massacred.

0:40:230:40:28

Elias, a university lecturer, agreed to show us about.

0:40:300:40:34

He's Muslim, but a large part of his family is Christian.

0:40:340:40:38

Elias has got this truncheon.

0:40:380:40:41

Are you carrying this because of security?

0:40:410:40:45

Yes, for protecting myself.

0:40:450:40:47

Before, I am not afraid anything here because I have many family here,

0:40:470:40:52

-but, since the things...

-Since the attacks?

-..since the attack, I am afraid.

0:40:520:41:00

This is one of the churches.

0:41:040:41:06

Was... Someone put the bomb here.

0:41:070:41:10

Oh, there's a police point just over here.

0:41:110:41:14

-The police are guarding the churches now, are they?

-Yes.

-Right.

0:41:160:41:21

Elias took us to the pork market,

0:41:250:41:28

a place where only Christians would shop.

0:41:280:41:33

A bomb attack here a few months before had killed nine people, including Elias's Christian uncle.

0:41:330:41:39

Is the policeman coming with us as well?

0:41:390:41:42

-The bomb was right here?

-Yes.

0:41:510:41:53

Can you explain what happened that day?

0:41:570:42:01

TRANSLATION: Shoppers had started pouring into the market.

0:42:010:42:06

When the bomb went off, I was standing over there.

0:42:140:42:17

It was all so sudden, I was so shocked.

0:42:220:42:26

I did not know what had happened.

0:42:260:42:28

I couldn't hear anything. I went deaf.

0:42:280:42:31

Were you injured at all?

0:42:310:42:34

Yes, I was injured on the leg.

0:42:360:42:38

The police were now guarding the market.

0:42:470:42:50

Who do you think was responsible for the attack and what was the motive?

0:42:520:42:57

TRANSLATION: I think Muslim and Christian communities live here in harmony,

0:42:570:43:02

but there are people who don't like to see that,

0:43:020:43:05

and those people want to start a conflict between Muslims and Christians.

0:43:050:43:10

Killings have been carried out by both sides.

0:43:140:43:17

We were taken to an area for Muslim refugees from the fighting.

0:43:170:43:21

-So where are we going now?

-We are going to Sophia's house.

0:43:210:43:28

Sophia, who is she?

0:43:280:43:30

She is a victim of...also conflict -

0:43:300:43:33

she lost her husband and her extended family, so it's around maybe 50 family members.

0:43:370:43:42

-50?!

-50 people in the family.

0:43:420:43:44

Sophia, can you explain to me what happened during the conflict?

0:43:460:43:50

-TRANSLATION:

-They tied our men like animals, so when one fell, they all fell.

0:43:520:43:56

We watched our husbands while they were beaten. I asked, "What are you going to do with my husband?"

0:43:560:44:02

"Shut up," one man said. Then they kicked him.

0:44:020:44:05

All of the males, including boys, were targeted.

0:44:070:44:09

Many were never seen again.

0:44:090:44:11

Sophia thought her son would be killed if discovered.

0:44:110:44:14

When I was trying to escape, I put girls' clothes on my son, so they didn't know he's a boy.

0:44:180:44:23

The Christian militia stopped us and asked if they were boys or girls.

0:44:260:44:30

I replied, "I have two children, and both are girls."

0:44:300:44:34

I have no idea why they killed my husband.

0:44:360:44:38

We saw lots of bodies floating in the river.

0:44:420:44:45

My children said, "Let's wait here. Who knows, we may find Dad's body."

0:44:450:44:50

But all the bodies were naked and headless - you couldn't tell who was who.

0:44:540:44:58

How do you feel about Christians, after what you've gone through?

0:45:000:45:03

After the fighting, after we lost everything we had,

0:45:050:45:09

I do think there's a gap between us now.

0:45:090:45:12

Now when I see Christians, I feel very deep hatred.

0:45:120:45:16

Peace deals have been brokered, but none so far has fully held.

0:45:200:45:24

In a nearby town, three Christian girls were attacked and beheaded

0:45:240:45:28

as they walked to school.

0:45:280:45:30

We left the mainland and headed for a more peaceful part of Sulawesi.

0:45:370:45:41

We sailed north, back towards the Equator and the Togians,

0:45:410:45:45

a group of coral and volcanic islands.

0:45:450:45:48

The seas here are rich with marine life, and some of it came to welcome us.

0:45:480:45:54

Come on. Watch the dolphins.

0:45:590:46:01

They're just riding in front of the boat.

0:46:010:46:04

Amazing little things.

0:46:100:46:12

We were staying with the Bajo people,

0:46:310:46:33

one of several ethnic groups known as sea gypsies who live on the waters around Indonesia.

0:46:330:46:39

As most of the country strives to modernise,

0:46:390:46:42

they do their best to live apart and cling to their traditional way of life.

0:46:420:46:46

PEOPLE WHOOP, DRUMS BEAT

0:46:500:46:52

We're being welcomed in the pouring rain,

0:47:130:47:17

and they're doing a sort of martial arts demonstration that I'm told

0:47:170:47:21

is meant to prove they can protect us -

0:47:210:47:24

it's not meant to frighten us away, as I originally thought.

0:47:240:47:28

The culture and economy of the Bajo people is derived from the water around them.

0:47:350:47:40

We left the village, and set out in their small traditional wooden boats

0:47:430:47:47

to go and see them where they excel - in the sea.

0:47:470:47:51

Their livelihood is derived from fishing and scavenging the seabed.

0:47:530:47:58

With us were the younger members of the community.

0:48:010:48:05

The children must learn to become divers if the Bajo are to have a future.

0:48:050:48:11

I think it's time for a swimming lesson.

0:48:110:48:13

Mine, not theirs.

0:48:130:48:16

These children are already expert swimmers.

0:48:280:48:31

Bajo tradition is that newborn babies, just a few days old, are dropped into the sea

0:48:310:48:37

by their fathers, to introduce them to the environment which plays a crucial part in their lives.

0:48:370:48:42

The kids here are a little bit too good in the water. They keep using us as a climbing frame.

0:48:520:48:57

I've been kicked in the face twice by small urchins.

0:48:570:49:00

All of this play means that by the time they're adults, the children will be highly skilled divers.

0:49:170:49:23

The men hold their breath underwater for up to five minutes at a time.

0:49:290:49:33

They go to the bottom to harvest a slug-shaped creature called a sea cucumber,

0:49:330:49:40

which is closely related to anemones.

0:49:400:49:43

Fish are caught with homemade spear guns.

0:49:460:49:49

It's really quite a sight, just beneath the boat

0:49:490:49:52

because the divers are just hanging motionless in the water with their spears

0:49:520:49:59

waiting for a fish to swim by in front of them.

0:49:590:50:02

It's just amazing, just watching them just waiting there -

0:50:020:50:06

it's a totally inhuman thing to do really,

0:50:060:50:08

just hanging around underneath the water without requiring air.

0:50:080:50:12

I decided to follow the men under and try and stay with them, as they hunted for fish.

0:50:170:50:22

But a city lad like me was never going to last long with men who grew up in these waters.

0:50:360:50:42

The exotic fish they catch mainly go to Japan and China.

0:50:500:50:55

Export firms have encouraged the Bajo to use hoses carrying pressurised air

0:50:550:51:00

to allow them to stay underwater for longer to increase their catch,

0:51:000:51:04

but this has led to deaths from the bends

0:51:040:51:06

and there are now dozens of men in this community who are permanently disabled.

0:51:060:51:11

Oyster, big oyster.

0:51:200:51:22

A huge one.

0:51:220:51:24

Anything inside?

0:51:260:51:29

It's really picked up suddenly.

0:51:390:51:43

Suddenly it's got choppier so...

0:51:430:51:46

We don't want to risk the boat sinking with the camera.

0:51:460:51:50

Whoa! I think I weigh a bit too much.

0:51:580:52:01

Quite a lot of water is sloshing into the boat.

0:52:150:52:18

It's going into their sago, and in here...

0:52:180:52:22

Is there a danger of the boat sinking?

0:52:250:52:28

-Yes?

-It's nearly sinking.

-You think we're sinking now?!

0:52:290:52:33

We decided to try and outrun the coming storm.

0:52:390:52:43

-For

-BLEEP

-sake!

0:52:500:52:52

I thought these boats were supposed to be stable!

0:52:530:52:55

There's quite a bit of water coming in now, guys.

0:52:590:53:02

We made it to calmer waters, but the small boats weren't built

0:53:020:53:06

to carry my heavy western frame, and it was still going down.

0:53:060:53:10

There's a boat coming to rescue us,

0:53:120:53:14

but they still think we're too overloaded, so I'm going to get out. Goodbye! Agh!

0:53:150:53:22

A more reliable passenger vessel calls daily at one of the neighbouring islands.

0:53:250:53:31

If we'd carried on east,

0:53:440:53:45

the journey would have taken us through the Moluccas Islands,

0:53:450:53:49

the last bit of Indonesian land on the Equator.

0:53:490:53:51

But there was a problem.

0:53:510:53:53

Christian-Muslim clashes, and a militant independence struggle

0:53:530:53:57

meant we were forbidden by the government from going there.

0:53:570:54:00

So the ferry took me north across the Equator to the town of Gorontalo.

0:54:000:54:05

I thought our Indonesian adventure was over... but I was wrong.

0:54:050:54:09

We arrived right in the middle of a major flood.

0:54:090:54:12

Heavy rain had been falling all night.

0:54:120:54:15

The river is right up, just underneath the bridge now.

0:54:210:54:24

The water is absolutely raging underneath here.

0:54:250:54:29

You see the power lines just here, that are hanging into the water?

0:54:290:54:33

The houses by the side of the river on the riverbank

0:54:350:54:39

are clearly over the first-floor window there.

0:54:390:54:43

This doesn't feel a very stable or safe place to be at the moment, so we're going to go across.

0:54:460:54:52

The flooding had ripped through the town, and the only way for us to get out was to wade.

0:55:020:55:07

It's just an utterly bizarre situation,

0:55:120:55:15

where we really are walking past all these houses which are completely flooded.

0:55:150:55:21

Really, this country,

0:55:240:55:26

it's been through...

0:55:260:55:28

they had floods here a week ago,

0:55:280:55:31

there's a huge volcano that's about to erupt in Indonesia,

0:55:310:55:36

they had mud landslides.

0:55:360:55:39

The current is very strong here.

0:55:480:55:51

What are you talking about? Football?

0:55:580:56:00

Soccer?

0:56:000:56:04

-Italy?

-England.

0:56:040:56:08

THEY CHEER

0:56:080:56:11

Very popular!

0:56:110:56:14

David Beckham yes, I've heard of him. Michael Owen, yes.

0:56:140:56:19

An excellent footballer.

0:56:190:56:21

England, England!

0:56:210:56:24

Don't you worry about the flood, just concentrate on the football!

0:56:240:56:27

Everything will be OK!

0:56:270:56:29

Whoa!

0:56:340:56:37

I can really, really feel it.

0:56:370:56:39

No, you have a cigarette! That's OK.

0:56:420:56:44

It's really, really strong, just to warn you!

0:56:490:56:52

The flooding across Sulawesi had claimed more than 200 lives,

0:57:200:57:25

and 4,500 people were evacuated from Gorontalo.

0:57:250:57:29

Well, we've made it out of the flood waters,

0:57:370:57:40

now we need to get to the airport

0:57:400:57:42

and then this should really be the end of our journey across Indonesia.

0:57:420:57:47

We had wanted to go further east and visit other places on the Equator,

0:57:470:57:51

but the Indonesian government said we couldn't - we weren't allowed - too much conflict,

0:57:510:57:56

and so this is really where our journey across Indonesia ends.

0:57:560:58:01

I'd had an incredible journey through idyllic islands,

0:58:100:58:15

threatened rainforests, and met some amazing people.

0:58:150:58:18

From Indonesia, the Equator crosses 11,000 miles of Pacific Ocean before it hits land again.

0:58:200:58:27

So my next destination, as I follow the Equator around the world,

0:58:270:58:32

is the Galapagos Islands.

0:58:320:58:34

Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd - 2006

0:58:500:58:54

E-mail [email protected]

0:58:540:58:58

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