Pennod 1 ‹ 100 Lle

Line	From	To
-888	0:00:00	0:00:00
-888 - -888	0:00:00	0:00:02
-888	0:00:07	0:00:09
-888	0:00:14	0:00:16
-888	0:00:19	0:00:21
-Welcome to the series 100 Lle...	0:00:21	0:00:23
-..based on Wales - The 100 Places -To See Before You Die...	0:00:24	0:00:28
-..a book by John Davies -and Marian Delyth.	0:00:28	0:00:31
-The 100 places we'll visit -are remarkable...	0:00:31	0:00:34
-..because they're the work of man -rather than nature.	0:00:34	0:00:38
-This week, I'll be on Anglesey...	0:00:39	0:00:41
-..to enjoy -some of the island's wonders.	0:00:41	0:00:44
-I'll then see Bangor through the -eyes of photographer, Marian Delyth.	0:00:44	0:00:49
-We'll view Telford -and Stephenson's work...	0:00:50	0:00:53
-..and explore -Anglesey's chambered tombs.	0:00:53	0:00:56
-John Davies joins me in Beaumaris -and here, on Parys Mountain.	0:00:57	0:01:02
-Wales - 100 Places To See -Before You Die...	0:01:20	0:01:23
-..won the 2010 -Welsh Book of the Year.	0:01:23	0:01:26
-It's a personal volume and, assisted -by John Davies and Marian Delyth...	0:01:26	0:01:31
-..this series aims to bring -their vision to life on television.	0:01:32	0:01:37
-You've researched -the history of Welsh industry.	0:01:44	0:01:48
-Tell us about Parys Mountain.	0:01:48	0:01:50
-Yes, it's Wales's most dramatic -industrial landscape.	0:01:50	0:01:54
-South-east Wales was industrialized -far more intensely than Anglesey.	0:01:54	0:02:00
-It's strange that industry left -its most dramatic remains here...	0:02:00	0:02:05
-..on the northern edge of Anglesey.	0:02:06	0:02:08
-The colours of the rocks -and the soil are very stunning.	0:02:09	0:02:13
-In respect of beauty and drama, -Parys Mountain is totally unique.	0:02:13	0:02:17
-From what I can gather, Roland Puw -discovered the rich vein...	0:02:18	0:02:22
-..on the 2nd of March, 1768.	0:02:22	0:02:24
-This vein of copper -generated a 7 million profit.	0:02:24	0:02:29
-That was a huge sum of money -in the 18th century.	0:02:29	0:02:32
-Roland Puw was rewarded -with a bottle of whisky...	0:02:33	0:02:36
-..and a rent-free cottage for life.	0:02:36	0:02:39
-Where did the copper go, -when it left here?	0:02:39	0:02:42
-It went to Amlwch which explains -why there was a harbour there.	0:02:43	0:02:47
-Amlwch was half the size of New York -in the late 18th century!	0:02:48	0:02:53
-The ore was broken into small pieces -to extract the sulphur.	0:02:53	0:02:57
-That explains the colour -of the rock and the soil.	0:02:58	0:03:01
-They mined copper sulphate.	0:03:01	0:03:03
-I'd urge anyone to visit -Parys Mountain and Amlwch.	0:03:04	0:03:07
-They're among the most interesting -places in the whole of Wales.	0:03:08	0:03:13
-The work on Parys Mountain -was very hard...	0:03:15	0:03:18
-..and the women's task was to crush -chunks of rock into gravel.	0:03:19	0:03:23
-The Copper Ladies are still -part of the folklore of the area.	0:03:23	0:03:28
-How many people worked -in the copper mine at its peak?	0:03:32	0:03:36
-It was in the thousands.	0:03:36	0:03:38
-Most of them lived in Amlwch.	0:03:38	0:03:40
-The economy hadn't developed -to maintain that sort of activity.	0:03:41	0:03:46
-There wasn't enough cash -in circulation, for example.	0:03:47	0:03:51
-Thomas Williams, -or Twm Chwarae Teg...	0:03:51	0:03:54
-..minted Anglesey Pennies -with copper from here.	0:03:54	0:03:57
-The coins were essential -to maintain the economy.	0:03:58	0:04:01
-He minted around 12 million -Anglesey Pennies.	0:04:02	0:04:05
-They're now collectors' items.	0:04:05	0:04:07
-The Bank of England removed them -from circulation in 1821.	0:04:08	0:04:12
-For the first 20 years -of the 19th century...	0:04:13	0:04:16
-..the people of Anglesey -used their own currency.	0:04:17	0:04:21
-I take it this crater was created -when the work was at its peak.	0:04:23	0:04:27
-Yes, it was created in the late 18th -century and into the 19th century.	0:04:27	0:04:32
-That's when they used gunpowder -to blast the rock.	0:04:33	0:04:37
-This is a steep cavern...	0:04:37	0:04:39
-..but the mine actually went -1,000 feet below the surface.	0:04:39	0:04:43
-The shafts and the tunnels -bore deep into the earth.	0:04:43	0:04:47
-The location is -a remarkably stunning site.	0:04:48	0:04:51
-Well, I've seen -the exterior of this mine.	0:05:01	0:05:05
-I'm now venturing below the surface -with the Parys Underground Group.	0:05:05	0:05:11
-OK, boys?	0:05:11	0:05:13
-It's cramped here.	0:05:14	0:05:15
-There are over 20km of tunnels -below Parys Mountain...	0:05:15	0:05:19
-..most of which are now flooded.	0:05:19	0:05:22
-Conditions were tough.	0:05:26	0:05:27
-Men had to buy their own tools - -gear such as candles and explosives.	0:05:27	0:05:33
-They were often in debt to managers.	0:05:33	0:05:35
-We continue our descent.	0:05:37	0:05:39
-We hope to reach a chamber where -the tunnel opens out quite soon.	0:05:39	0:05:44
-These tunnels are very narrow.	0:05:46	0:05:48
-We've descended around 60 feet -to an open chamber.	0:05:58	0:06:02
-This is known -as the Pisanite Chamber.	0:06:02	0:06:05
-This is the pisanite.	0:06:05	0:06:08
-Pisanite is iron sulphate crystals -which contains copper.	0:06:08	0:06:13
-It grows out of the rock.	0:06:14	0:06:16
-Isn't it wonderful?	0:06:16	0:06:18
-This is amazing.	0:06:25	0:06:26
-Above my head is a shaft...	0:06:27	0:06:29
-..which was chiselled into the rock -in the early Bronze Age.	0:06:29	0:06:33
-It was created using fire and rocks.	0:06:33	0:06:36
-They warmed the rock, then struck it -until pieces of rock fell away.	0:06:37	0:06:41
-The piece of wood you see here -is 4,000 years old.	0:06:42	0:06:45
-Isn't that incredible?	0:06:46	0:06:48
-Parys Mountain is one -of the rare sites in the world...	0:06:52	0:06:56
-..where you'll find evidence -of Bronze Age and Roman mining.	0:06:56	0:07:00
-The wonders of Wales can be seen -below and above the ground.	0:07:01	0:07:05
-The bridges across the Menai Strait.	0:07:10	0:07:13
-Both were built in the first half -of the 19th century.	0:07:13	0:07:17
-First came Thomas Telford's bridge, -in 1826...	0:07:17	0:07:21
-..followed by Stephenson's -Britannia Bridge, in 1850.	0:07:22	0:07:26
-Both were built to create better -access from London to Ireland.	0:07:27	0:07:31
-We tend to take Menai Bridge -for granted.	0:07:32	0:07:35
-In 1826, Telford's feat -of engineering was remarkable.	0:07:36	0:07:40
-At the time, this was the longest -suspension bridge in the world.	0:07:41	0:07:45
-People flocked here to see it...	0:07:46	0:07:48
-..like they flocked to Paris -to see the Eiffel Tower.	0:07:48	0:07:52
-Thomas Telford was acclaimed -for several projects.	0:07:55	0:07:58
-He built a road from London -to Holyhead, through Snowdonia...	0:07:59	0:08:03
-..and he also built this bridge -across the Menai Strait.	0:08:04	0:08:08
-It's 580 feet, or 177 metres long.	0:08:08	0:08:10
-The bridge also allowed ships -with masts of up to 100 feet...	0:08:10	0:08:15
-..to pass safely beneath it.	0:08:16	0:08:18
-Britannia Bridge carried trains -across the Strait 25 years later.	0:08:47	0:08:53
-This was a revolutionary design.	0:08:53	0:08:55
-A tower was built -in the middle of the Strait...	0:08:56	0:09:00
-..and tubes, with no support, -carried the weight of trains...	0:09:01	0:09:05
-..from one tower to the next.	0:09:05	0:09:07
-The structure above my head -was constructed...	0:09:08	0:09:11
-..when the bridge was redesigned -after being badly damaged by fire.	0:09:11	0:09:16
-That happened in the 1960s.	0:09:17	0:09:19
-It carries both trains and cars -nowadays and the tubes have gone.	0:09:19	0:09:24
-This is the only section -of the old tubes which has survived.	0:09:33	0:09:38
-This is one section of the long -tubes which supported the weight...	0:09:38	0:09:43
-..when trains moved along the rails -between the towers across the water.	0:09:43	0:09:49
-This old structure -needed a lot of maintenance.	0:09:50	0:09:53
-That's why -these channels were created.	0:09:53	0:09:56
-Engineers went on their backs -on a type of skateboard...	0:09:56	0:10:01
-..to make sure all the rivets -were still tight.	0:10:02	0:10:06
-The history of the bridges -and the men who built them...	0:10:21	0:10:25
-..ends on an ironic note.	0:10:26	0:10:27
-Just as their bridges -lie cheek by jowl...	0:10:28	0:10:31
-..Telford and Stephenson are buried -cheek by jowl in Westminster Abbey.	0:10:31	0:10:36
-.	0:10:52	0:10:53
-888	0:10:55	0:10:55
-888 - -888	0:10:55	0:10:57
-We'll see many of the locations...	0:11:01	0:11:04
-..in Wales - 100 Places To See -Before You Die...	0:11:04	0:11:07
-..through the eyes of photographer, -Marian Delyth.	0:11:08	0:11:11
-Marian took the photographs -and she designed the book.	0:11:12	0:11:16
-This week, we'll take a look -at the city of Bangor.	0:11:16	0:11:19
-I accepted the invitation -to photograph 100 places...	0:11:19	0:11:23
-..as chosen by John Davies.	0:11:24	0:11:26
-The brief wasn't restrictive...	0:11:26	0:11:29
-..in the sense I had to photograph -specific details.	0:11:29	0:11:33
-I simply took the locations -as my starting point.	0:11:34	0:11:37
-There's a variety of images -in the book.	0:11:37	0:11:40
-Some of them serve purely -as a pictorial documentary.	0:11:41	0:11:45
-Others include a personal element -and my reaction to the locations.	0:11:45	0:11:50
-I tried to capture -the essence of the 100 places...	0:11:51	0:11:55
-..and I tried to ensure -the images complemented the text...	0:11:56	0:12:00
-..to create an item which encouraged -people to look at their heritage.	0:12:00	0:12:05
-We hope to inspire people -to find out more about these places.	0:12:06	0:12:10
-Without being disparaging, -the images on the screen...	0:12:11	0:12:15
-..look like postcards from Bangor.	0:12:16	0:12:19
-Yes, and that was my dilemma.	0:12:19	0:12:22
-Should I choose traditional -photographs?	0:12:22	0:12:25
-Though popular, they don't inspire -me but they are functional.	0:12:25	0:12:30
-They give you an idea -of the main sights of Bangor...	0:12:30	0:12:34
-..for those who haven't been there.	0:12:34	0:12:36
-That element didn't excite me.	0:12:37	0:12:39
-I remember walking down -Siliwen Road...	0:12:40	0:12:44
-..and suddenly, -the pier appeared through the trees.	0:12:44	0:12:49
-It was the starting point -for my journey...	0:12:49	0:12:53
-..when I photographed that area.	0:12:53	0:12:55
-These photographs of Bangor pier -are far more personal...	0:12:59	0:13:04
-..but they're not included -in the book.	0:13:04	0:13:07
-Personally, I like images -which include reflections...	0:13:07	0:13:11
-..or a strong graphic element.	0:13:11	0:13:14
-But they may not be suitable -for a project such as this.	0:13:16	0:13:19
-For example, I took some shots -through the glass on the pier.	0:13:20	0:13:24
-For me, they convey the essence of -Bangor where students walk around.	0:13:24	0:13:29
-I took one photo of the pier -and its rounded little shelter.	0:13:33	0:13:38
-There's a hint of colour -in that photograph...	0:13:38	0:13:41
-..and that's the beauty -of that photograph, for me.	0:13:43	0:13:46
-It's a subdued photograph -which contains a flash of red...	0:13:47	0:13:51
-..and a hint of blue.	0:13:51	0:13:52
-This photograph -is a snapshot of life.	0:13:53	0:13:56
-When I'd photographed the pier...	0:13:57	0:14:00
-..I looked across, towards Anglesey.	0:14:00	0:14:03
-That's when I realized...	0:14:03	0:14:06
-..that the image I'd like -to capture...	0:14:06	0:14:09
-..was a photograph of Bangor -in midwinter.	0:14:09	0:14:13
-There's snow on the mountains.	0:14:15	0:14:17
-The sky isn't blue. -It's stormy, in fact.	0:14:17	0:14:20
-There's a special feel -to the place...	0:14:20	0:14:22
-..so that's the photograph we used -as the main shot of Bangor.	0:14:23	0:14:27
-Our journey goes from Barclodiad -y Gawres to Bryncelli Ddu...	0:14:33	0:14:37
-..viewing several places in between, -including a memorial to a lost king.	0:14:37	0:14:43
-A Welsh saying says life is savage -but the grave is snug.	0:15:03	0:15:08
-It's far more snug in here today -than it is outside.	0:15:08	0:15:11
-Barclodiad y Gawres was built -as a public tomb for local people.	0:15:12	0:15:16
-It was created -between 3000 and 2500 years BC.	0:15:17	0:15:20
-The Egyptians -were building the Pyramids...	0:15:20	0:15:23
-..and this is what the Welsh built.	0:15:24	0:15:26
-When this place was examined -in the 20th century...	0:15:26	0:15:30
-..the cremated remains -of two humans was found.	0:15:30	0:15:33
-There's more than ashes -to Barclodiad y Gawres.	0:15:34	0:15:38
-The carvings within this chamber -are truly remarkable.	0:15:38	0:15:43
-As this place is 5,000 years old...	0:15:43	0:15:46
-..you could argue that this was -Wales's first art gallery.	0:15:47	0:15:51
-From Barclodiad y Gawres, -we move on to Aberffraw.	0:16:01	0:16:05
-This seaside village...	0:16:05	0:16:07
-..was once the seat -of the Kings of Gwynedd.	0:16:07	0:16:11
-The only medieval remains here -can be found in St Beuno's Church.	0:16:13	0:16:18
-In Wales - 100 Places To See -Before You Die, John Davies says...	0:16:18	0:16:22
-..the remains of the court -of Llywelyn may lie on this hill.	0:16:22	0:16:27
-Next, we move on to another church.	0:16:32	0:16:35
-This is St Cadwaladr's Church, -a mile south of Aberffraw.	0:16:42	0:16:46
-According to Brut Y Tywysogion...	0:16:46	0:16:49
-..Cadwaladr was the last ruler -of the Britons.	0:16:49	0:16:52
-His death opened the door -to the English.	0:16:52	0:16:55
-That's not -the most important feature...	0:16:56	0:16:59
-..of this lovely, -12th century church.	0:16:59	0:17:02
-This is a memorial to Cadfan, -Cadwaladr's grandfather.	0:17:03	0:17:07
-I'll read the Latin inscription -from the book.	0:17:07	0:17:10
-Catamanus Rex sapientissimus -opinatissimus omnium regum.	0:17:11	0:17:16
-"Cadfan, the wisest -and most illustrious of all kings".	0:17:16	0:17:20
-The stone bears the curly letters...	0:17:21	0:17:24
-..favoured by centres of learning in -mainland Europe in the 7th century.	0:17:25	0:17:30
-That in itself proves how important -King Cadwaladr was...	0:17:31	0:17:35
-..but that's all we know about him.	0:17:35	0:17:37
-It's a mystery.	0:17:38	0:17:39
-Brycelli Ddu is one of the best of -Anglesey's twenty Neolithic sites.	0:18:13	0:18:18
-There was a stone circle here -originally.	0:18:19	0:18:22
-This chamber was then built.	0:18:22	0:18:24
-The dome was added in the 1950s.	0:18:24	0:18:27
-Light shines through the passage -and into the chamber at sunrise...	0:18:27	0:18:32
-..only on one day of the year.	0:18:32	0:18:34
-That day is the summer solstice, -the longest day of the year.	0:18:36	0:18:40
-It proves that the chamber -has astrological significance...	0:18:41	0:18:46
-..just like Stonehenge.	0:18:46	0:18:48
-Few Welsh places have French names.	0:19:19	0:19:21
-That's true.	0:19:22	0:19:23
-Beaupre, in the Vale of Glamorgan, -is another example.	0:19:23	0:19:27
-Beaumaris is the only Welsh town -to carry a French name.	0:19:28	0:19:31
-Beau Maris means beautiful marsh.	0:19:32	0:19:34
-It was built as a new town...	0:19:34	0:19:36
-..in the wake of the losses suffered -by Llywelyn the Great.	0:19:37	0:19:41
-When he died, there was a threat -of a Welsh revolt.	0:19:42	0:19:45
-The most important sea port -in the kingdom of Gwynedd...	0:19:46	0:19:50
-..was Llanfaes, -which is very close to Beaumaris.	0:19:50	0:19:54
-They didn't want Llanfaes -to compete with Beaumaris...	0:19:54	0:19:58
-..so they evicted the residents -and created a new village for them.	0:19:58	0:20:03
-That village was Newborough, -on the other side of Anglesey.	0:20:03	0:20:08
-They built this castle, then a town, -market and port sprung up here...	0:20:08	0:20:14
-..but it was never meant -to be a hub of Welshness.	0:20:14	0:20:18
-There has hardly been -a Welsh influence here...	0:20:18	0:20:21
-..compared with Caernarfon.	0:20:21	0:20:24
-The coffin of Joan, -wife of Llywelyn the Great...	0:20:24	0:20:27
-..lies in the parish church -of Beaumaris.	0:20:27	0:20:30
-Apparently, -before it was moved here...	0:20:30	0:20:33
-..it was used as a cattle trough.	0:20:34	0:20:36
-Beaumaris Castle was the last and -largest of the castles of Edward I.	0:20:43	0:20:48
-Built in 1295, it was designed by -the architect, James of St George.	0:20:49	0:20:54
-It was never completed but it's -one of the best castles in Britain.	0:20:54	0:21:00
-Standing here, on the internal wall, -we can see its strategic importance.	0:21:02	0:21:08
-Yes, this castle faces the northern -mouth of the Menai Strait.	0:21:09	0:21:13
-Having a sturdy fortress here -strengthened the king's position.	0:21:14	0:21:18
-The path which led into Anglesey -crossed the estuary, over there.	0:21:19	0:21:23
-People could cross the estuary -on horseback.	0:21:24	0:21:27
-The water is shallow -when the tide's out...	0:21:27	0:21:30
-..but you need a boat in the middle.	0:21:31	0:21:33
-This was the pathway into Anglesey -from Abergwyngregyn...	0:21:33	0:21:38
-..which was -Llywelyn's favourite home.	0:21:38	0:21:41
-You could access Anglesey from here.	0:21:41	0:21:44
-That's why this area -had to be defended.	0:21:44	0:21:47
-The king wanted to build something -which told the defeated Welsh...	0:21:47	0:21:52
-..that his resources knew no bounds.	0:21:53	0:21:56
-It's a statement rather than -a fortress, in some respects.	0:21:57	0:22:01
-It was Edward I's atomic bomb!	0:22:02	0:22:04
-It was Edward I's atomic bomb! - -Yes, I suppose so.	0:22:04	0:22:05
-You don't intend to use it -but everyone knows you possess it.	0:22:05	0:22:11
-That's the real deterrent.	0:22:11	0:22:13
-What about the castle layout?	0:22:18	0:22:20
-It isn't similar to Caernarfon -or Conwy.	0:22:21	0:22:24
-No, it's a different type of castle.	0:22:24	0:22:26
-The concentric castle was designed -in the 14th century.	0:22:27	0:22:31
-The Crusaders of the Middle East -first built concentric castles.	0:22:31	0:22:36
-Krak des Chevaliers, which is now in -Syria and which was built in 1250...	0:22:36	0:22:42
-..is considered to be the prototype.	0:22:43	0:22:46
-A concentric castle -is a castle within a castle.	0:22:46	0:22:49
-In effect, a castle -which has two layers.	0:22:49	0:22:52
-The walls of the inner ward are -higher than those of the outer ward.	0:22:52	0:22:57
-You could shoot arrows -over the outer wall.	0:22:57	0:23:01
-You can see the castle's reflection -in the moat around the perimeter.	0:23:01	0:23:07
-It's perfect.	0:23:08	0:23:10
-Its symmetry -makes Beaumaris Castle a real gem.	0:23:11	0:23:16
-S4C subtitles by Eirlys A Jones	0:23:54	0:23:56
-.	0:23:56	0:23:57

Pennod 1 100 Lle

Similar Content

Entertainment

Factual

100 Lle

Pennod 2

Transcript

Download Subtitles

SRT

ASS