Pennod 2 ‹ 100 Lle

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-This week, we visit Gwent -to see more Welsh wonders.	0:00:20	0:00:24
-We'll marvel at Tintern Abbey -and Britain's oldest stone castle.	0:00:24	0:00:31
-We'll see the Severn bridges -through the eyes of Marian Delyth.	0:00:31	0:00:35
-John Davies joins us on a Roman wall -and our odyssey ends in Trellech.	0:00:35	0:00:41
-Welcome to 100 Lle, -a series based on the book...	0:00:44	0:00:47
-..Wales: The 100 Places To See -Before You Die.	0:00:48	0:00:51
-The best view of Chepstow Castle -is across the river in England.	0:00:51	0:00:56
-My journey begins near the Wye -with author John Davies.	0:00:56	0:01:01
-The most distinctive of Chepstow's -sights is its Norman castle.	0:01:01	0:01:06
-Here we are in Chepstow.	0:01:14	0:01:16
-Why did you include it in your book?	0:01:17	0:01:20
-What makes Chepstow so special?	0:01:20	0:01:23
-Chepstow is where the Normans -first accessed Wales.	0:01:23	0:01:28
-As a result, it has Wales's earliest -Benedictine priory.	0:01:28	0:01:32
-The first stone castle in Wales -was also built in Chepstow.	0:01:33	0:01:37
-It also has later features -such as the port on the River Wye...	0:01:37	0:01:42
-..and the bridge over there.	0:01:42	0:01:44
-John Rennie built that bridge -across the river in 1816.	0:01:44	0:01:49
-It's one of the finest iron bridges -in the whole of Britain.	0:01:49	0:01:54
-Chepstow means market place.	0:01:55	0:01:57
-The town's Welsh name is Cas-gwent, -which means the castle of Gwent.	0:01:57	0:02:03
-The Welsh-speakers -focused on Norman might...	0:02:03	0:02:07
-..and the non-Welsh speakers -were impressed by its shops!	0:02:07	0:02:12
-That shows two very different takes -on the town.	0:02:13	0:02:17
-Unlike Caernarfon Castle, -which was built during one period...	0:02:18	0:02:22
-..Chepstow Castle -was built over 500 years...	0:02:23	0:02:26
-..between 1097 and Cromwell's time.	0:02:26	0:02:30
-The history of these old gates -is here for all to see, John.	0:02:32	0:02:36
-Yes, and they're very interesting.	0:02:36	0:02:39
-They stood as the castle gates -until as recently as 1962.	0:02:39	0:02:44
-They decided to fit modern doors, -so they had these dated.	0:02:45	0:02:50
-These doors have been dated -to around 1197.	0:02:50	0:02:55
-That makes them the oldest castle -doors in the whole of Europe.	0:02:56	0:03:01
-That in itself gives Chepstow Castle -a very elevated status.	0:03:01	0:03:06
-It's incredible to think -that they were in daily use...	0:03:06	0:03:10
-..for centuries, up until 1962.	0:03:11	0:03:14
-This is one of the nation's -most treasured relics.	0:03:15	0:03:18
-As well as the doors, Britain's -oldest Norman round towers are here.	0:03:18	0:03:22
-The towers were built -in the 12th century.	0:03:23	0:03:26
-They were easier to defend -than square towers...	0:03:26	0:03:30
-..which could be breached -from the outside.	0:03:30	0:03:33
-This is the Great Tower -of Chepstow Castle.	0:03:37	0:03:40
-Is this the oldest part -of the castle?	0:03:41	0:03:44
-This is the oldest stone castle -in Britain.	0:03:44	0:03:48
-It was built within a decade or two -of the 1066 conquest.	0:03:48	0:03:51
-It bears witness -to the Normans' determination...	0:03:52	0:03:55
-..to destroy -the ancient Welsh kingdoms.	0:03:55	0:03:58
-Chepstow was the chief port -of the old kingdom of Gwent.	0:03:59	0:04:03
-The Normans chose to lay down -a marker of their authority here.	0:04:03	0:04:09
-They did so -on an absolutely massive scale.	0:04:10	0:04:13
-The Great Keep is a copy of the keep -at Falaise in Normandy...	0:04:13	0:04:16
-..the birthplace -of William the Conqueror.	0:04:16	0:04:19
-It's Romanesque, but with -later additions on the top.	0:04:19	0:04:24
-Those pointed arches -are more recent...	0:04:25	0:04:28
-..than the traditional rounded -Norman arches further down.	0:04:28	0:04:33
-The traditional Romanesque shapes -give it a real robustness.	0:04:34	0:04:39
-This is a symbol of power.	0:04:39	0:04:41
-The stone is a very interesting -collection of colours.	0:04:47	0:04:51
-Yes, they used -several different types of stone.	0:04:51	0:04:55
-The Great Tower was constructed -from yellow sandstone.	0:04:55	0:04:59
-It came from the Portskewett area.	0:04:59	0:05:02
-You can cut yellow sandstone -into square or rectangular blocks.	0:05:02	0:05:07
-They also used red sandstone -in some parts of the castle.	0:05:08	0:05:12
-There are new pieces too.	0:05:14	0:05:15
-Yes. CADW has carefully inserted -a few new stones.	0:05:15	0:05:19
-They're so new, you could swear -they had just come from B&Q!	0:05:19	0:05:24
-In Wales: The 100 Places To See -Before You Die...	0:05:30	0:05:33
-..John Davies -mentions St Mary's Church, Chepstow.	0:05:33	0:05:38
-It was built on the site -of an old Benedictine priory.	0:05:38	0:05:42
-This is the earliest example -of Romanesque architecture in Wales.	0:05:43	0:05:47
-Another church with an interesting -history lies close to Chepstow.	0:05:48	0:05:53
-Mathern, Merthyr Tewdrig in Welsh, -is five miles from Chepstow.	0:06:03	0:06:09
-Who was Tewdrig?	0:06:09	0:06:10
-First and foremost, he was a king -who ruled Glamorgan and Gwent.	0:06:11	0:06:16
-Tewdrig took on the Saxons -at Tintern in AD 600...	0:06:16	0:06:20
-..and beat them, as it happens.	0:06:21	0:06:23
-He was wounded during the battle...	0:06:23	0:06:26
-..and died from his injuries -three days later.	0:06:26	0:06:31
-He was then buried here, -at St Mary's Church.	0:06:31	0:06:34
-According to John Davies...	0:06:34	0:06:37
-..if it weren't for Tewdrig's -triumph against the Saxons...	0:06:37	0:06:41
-..there would be no Gwent -and Glamorgan...	0:06:42	0:06:45
-..and without those, -there would be no Wales.	0:06:45	0:06:48
-The story doesn't end there.	0:06:48	0:06:50
-When they repaired -the church floor in 1881...	0:06:51	0:06:56
-..they found Tewdrig's remains -inside the church.	0:06:56	0:07:00
-Tewdrig's remains were then -reinterred here under the radiator.	0:07:00	0:07:05
-The religious theme continues, -as does my journey.	0:07:08	0:07:13
-I head up the Wye Valley to one -of Britain's most splendid abbeys.	0:07:14	0:07:19
-This is Tintern Abbey, which was -built in the early 12th century.	0:07:31	0:07:36
-It's one of 15 Cistercian abbeys -in Wales.	0:07:36	0:07:40
-Cistercians usually built -plain abbeys in remote areas.	0:07:40	0:07:45
-That's not true of this abbey, -which is on the border with England.	0:07:45	0:07:50
-Most of Wales's abbeys received -the patronage of Welsh princes.	0:07:50	0:07:55
-Tintern, the wealthiest of them, -was dependent upon Marcher Lords...	0:07:55	0:08:00
-..who held power in this area.	0:08:00	0:08:03
-Tintern is still here, -largely unscathed.	0:08:04	0:08:07
-It lost its roof -in the 16th century...	0:08:07	0:08:10
-..but it stands proudly -in this glorious landscape.	0:08:11	0:08:14
-The west gable was completed -at the turn of the 13th century.	0:08:29	0:08:33
-This was the main entrance.	0:08:33	0:08:35
-There's a hint of a past porch -above the doors...	0:08:36	0:08:40
-..but people -entered the building here.	0:08:40	0:08:43
-Much of the intricate work -above the doors is intact.	0:08:43	0:08:47
-Above the central post, -which divides the two doors...	0:08:47	0:08:51
-..there's an oval recess...	0:08:52	0:08:54
-..in which there may have been -a statue of Mary.	0:08:54	0:08:58
-What a sight!	0:09:01	0:09:04
-We tend to think of churches -as dark buildings...	0:09:04	0:09:08
-..but the Cistercians placed -great emphasis on natural light.	0:09:08	0:09:12
-To that end, the internal walls -of this building were limewashed...	0:09:13	0:09:17
-..and there was a red pattern -on the walls.	0:09:18	0:09:20
-To magnify that natural light...	0:09:21	0:09:24
-..the floor was covered -with glossy tiles.	0:09:24	0:09:27
-There was a church -within a church here.	0:09:27	0:09:31
-This was the public area.	0:09:31	0:09:33
-The public was denied access -past this section.	0:09:33	0:09:37
-There were walls across here, -between the pillars on both sides.	0:09:37	0:09:41
-The public wasn't actually allowed -into the main body of the church.	0:09:42	0:09:46
-There was an ornate screen here, -18 feet high, called the pulpitum.	0:09:46	0:09:51
-This pulpitum was an unusual feature -in a Cistercian abbey.	0:09:53	0:09:58
-It was destroyed by Victorians...	0:09:59	0:10:02
-..who wanted to create an impression -of one vast, open space.	0:10:02	0:10:07
-If the intention -was to build an austere abbey...	0:10:20	0:10:23
-..they lost the plot!	0:10:24	0:10:25
-It's no Las Vegas, -but it's still ostentatious.	0:10:26	0:10:29
-The fun ended with the Dissolution -of the Monasteries in 1536.	0:10:30	0:10:34
-The lead was stolen from the roof, -leaving these magnificent ruins...	0:10:34	0:10:39
-..which are well worth a visit.	0:10:40	0:10:41
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-100 Lle is based on the book Wales: -100 Places To See Before You Die.	0:11:09	0:11:14
-During this series, -we'll see several locations...	0:11:14	0:11:18
-..through the eyes -of photographer Marian Delyth.	0:11:18	0:11:22
-This week, we look at the bridges -over the River Severn.	0:11:22	0:11:26
-When I go to these locations, -something unexpected often happens.	0:11:26	0:11:32
-Suddenly, I saw a boat coming -from the far side of the river.	0:11:32	0:11:37
-I waited for a while -and I took several shots of it.	0:11:37	0:11:42
-Suddenly, I reached the point -where there was a wave...	0:11:42	0:11:46
-..but you couldn't see the boat.	0:11:47	0:11:50
-It looks like a mysterious wave.	0:11:50	0:11:52
-It gives this picture -a special mood.	0:11:52	0:11:55
-It's a special moment -within the photographic session.	0:11:55	0:11:59
-This is the old bridge, of course, -so I didn't stay there long.	0:11:59	0:12:05
-I then headed to Severn Beach.	0:12:10	0:12:13
-The sun was really bright -on that day.	0:12:14	0:12:19
-The heat generated by the sun -created a haze.	0:12:19	0:12:25
-I like the effect...	0:12:25	0:12:27
-..even though you can't see -the bridge in great detail.	0:12:27	0:12:31
-It's like an Impressionist painting.	0:12:32	0:12:34
-This is the photograph -used above the title in the book.	0:12:35	0:12:39
-As is the wont of photographers...	0:12:39	0:12:41
-..I chose the most interesting part -of the photograph.	0:12:42	0:12:48
-I was then worried that it was -too light to use above the title.	0:12:49	0:12:56
-I deepened the colours -a little bit.	0:12:56	0:13:00
-What about the main picture?	0:13:06	0:13:08
-You have one for the title...	0:13:10	0:13:12
-..but how did you select -the other picture?	0:13:12	0:13:15
-I like these because they add -a human element to the photograph.	0:13:15	0:13:20
-They're not abstract shots, -showing the bridge's architecture.	0:13:20	0:13:27
-It's almost an echo of the bridge -in the background, isn't it?	0:13:28	0:13:32
-Yes, there's a certain balance -about the photograph.	0:13:33	0:13:36
-We're looking across at Wales, -of course.	0:13:37	0:13:40
-There's a symbolism about it -and a real sense of tranquillity.	0:13:40	0:13:45
-I'm astonished at these walls.	0:14:24	0:14:28
-I never knew of their existence.	0:14:28	0:14:30
-You should have come to Caerwent -when you were a child.	0:14:30	0:14:34
-It's one of the wonders of Wales.	0:14:35	0:14:37
-Around 3,000 people lived here -in the early fourth century.	0:14:38	0:14:43
-There wasn't a larger town -than this in Wales...	0:14:43	0:14:46
-..for at least a thousand years -after that point.	0:14:46	0:14:49
-This was Wales's first town...	0:14:49	0:14:52
-..and the walls are proof -of the need to defend it.	0:14:52	0:14:56
-These are the best -Roman town walls in Europe...	0:14:56	0:14:59
-..because they're so complete.	0:14:59	0:15:02
-They were probably built -around AD 370.	0:15:03	0:15:06
-This town was thriving -at that point in time.	0:15:06	0:15:10
-Considering so many people -lived here at such an early time...	0:15:11	0:15:16
-..something must have happened -to cause it not to develop...	0:15:16	0:15:20
-..like Chester, Winchester -and the other great Roman towns.	0:15:20	0:15:24
-Archaeologists can dig -almost every inch of this land.	0:15:25	0:15:29
-In Chester, -there are houses upon houses...	0:15:29	0:15:33
-..but these are open fields.	0:15:33	0:15:35
-There were 20 insulae, -or rectangular plots, here.	0:15:36	0:15:39
-Around 15 of them -have now been excavated...	0:15:40	0:15:43
-..but you couldn't do that -in Winchester or Gloucester...	0:15:43	0:15:47
-..because they're under buildings -erected by later generations.	0:15:47	0:15:52
-That isn't true here.	0:15:52	0:15:54
-We know more about it than any other -Roman town in western Europe.	0:15:54	0:15:59
-What is there to see -within these walls, John?	0:16:12	0:16:16
-There would be a lot to see here -2,000 years ago.	0:16:16	0:16:19
-When excavations started here -in the late 19th century...	0:16:20	0:16:24
-..they tended to date the remains -and take away any objects found...	0:16:24	0:16:30
-..then replace the soil.	0:16:30	0:16:32
-In more recent times, -they've exposed the foundations...	0:16:32	0:16:37
-..to make them visible to people.	0:16:38	0:16:40
-At first glance, the wonders -of Caerwent aren't striking...	0:16:46	0:16:50
-..but as you walk -around the remains...	0:16:50	0:16:53
-..you can imagine life within -the basilica, the heart of the city.	0:16:53	0:16:58
-You can also imagine people -worshipping within the Roman temple.	0:16:58	0:17:03
-We're at St Stephen -and St Tathan church in Caerwent...	0:17:13	0:17:17
-..to disprove a claim made by a town -that's a hundred miles away.	0:17:18	0:17:24
-That's amazing!	0:17:24	0:17:25
-I'm always angry -when I see signs in Carmarthen...	0:17:26	0:17:30
-..claiming it to be -the oldest town in Wales.	0:17:30	0:17:33
-It's supposition that Carmarthen -was a town 2,000 years ago.	0:17:33	0:17:37
-There's evidence that Caerwent -was a town 2,000 years ago.	0:17:38	0:17:42
-This is irrefutable evidence...	0:17:42	0:17:45
-..that this was the capital -of the land of Silures.	0:17:45	0:17:49
-It's a memorial to Paulinus, -the Governor of Britannia Secunda.	0:17:49	0:17:54
-Inscribed here is...	0:17:54	0:17:56
-..ex decreto ordinis -republica civitas Silurum.	0:17:57	0:18:04
-By order of the republic -of the land of the Silures.	0:18:04	0:18:09
-This is irrefutable evidence...	0:18:10	0:18:12
-..of the status of Caerwent -and of the Silures.	0:18:13	0:18:16
-Given that it was erected -during the time of Paulinus...	0:18:16	0:18:21
-..about what period are we talking?	0:18:21	0:18:23
-Paulinus was the legate -of Legio Secunda Augusta...	0:18:24	0:18:27
-..the legion stationed at Caerleon -in AD 220.	0:18:28	0:18:31
-This stone belongs to the first half -of the third century.	0:18:31	0:18:35
-The style is added proof of that.	0:18:36	0:18:38
-This is the village of Trellech, -or Trelleck or Trelech.	0:19:20	0:19:25
-There are 37 variations -on the name of this village.	0:19:25	0:19:28
-As it happens, there's also -a variety of things to see here.	0:19:28	0:19:32
-We're here to see -this magnificent sundial.	0:19:45	0:19:48
-It's amazing what you can discover -in the hidden corners of Wales.	0:19:48	0:19:53
-We're not here to look -at the sundial itself...	0:19:53	0:19:57
-..but at the plinth -beneath the dial.	0:19:57	0:20:00
-The features carved into the stone -are remarkable.	0:20:00	0:20:03
-On this side, there's a mound.	0:20:05	0:20:07
-On this side, -there are three stones.	0:20:07	0:20:10
-On the front, -a carving of a virtuous well.	0:20:10	0:20:13
-You'll find these features -in the village.	0:20:13	0:20:17
-Actually, a path -takes you past each of them.	0:20:17	0:20:20
-In a way, this is a guidebook -to the sights of Trellech.	0:20:20	0:20:24
-We'll now follow that guidebook.	0:20:24	0:20:27
-This is the first attraction -on the tour - the mound.	0:20:42	0:20:45
-You can see how close we are -to the church.	0:20:45	0:20:48
-Some say that this is a burial mound -for Roman soldiers...	0:20:49	0:20:53
-..but that's not true.	0:20:53	0:20:55
-Rather, these are the remains -of a Norman motte and bailey castle.	0:20:56	0:21:01
-There was a timber palisade -around the top.	0:21:01	0:21:04
-Unless I'm very much mistaken...	0:21:05	0:21:07
-..I can see the second feature -over there.	0:21:07	0:21:10
-They're known as Harold's Stones.	0:21:11	0:21:13
-Some believe -that the name Trellech...	0:21:18	0:21:20
-..comes from 'tre' meaning three -and 'llech' meaning flat stone.	0:21:21	0:21:25
-Although they're named -after King Harold...	0:21:26	0:21:29
-..they're Bronze Age stones, -centuries before Harold's time.	0:21:29	0:21:34
-The fact that this is called -Trellech's Virtuous Well...	0:21:47	0:21:51
-..suggests some sort -of religious, healing connection.	0:21:52	0:21:56
-The fact that it flows through land -which is rich in iron ore...	0:21:56	0:22:00
-..may add to the virtuous quality -of the water.	0:22:00	0:22:03
-Apparently, it helps -to heal eye infections...	0:22:04	0:22:07
-..and ailments -that affect only women.	0:22:07	0:22:10
-There are plenty of those!	0:22:10	0:22:12
-I need a virtuous drink -from a warmer well.	0:22:13	0:22:18
-From Tintern Abbey -to Chepstow Castle.	0:23:05	0:23:09
-From Caerwent's amazing walls -to Trellech...	0:23:09	0:23:13
-..and the splendid Severn bridges, -this is a wondrous corner of Wales.	0:23:13	0:23:18
-These places may only be in Wales, -but they're remarkable - and ours!	0:23:18	0:23:23
-Try to see them before you die.	0:23:23	0:23:25
-Cheers!	0:23:25	0:23:27
-S4C Subtitles by Eirlys A Jones	0:23:48	0:23:51

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