Pennod 3 ‹ 100 Lle

Line	From	To
-888	0:00:00	0:00:00
-888 - -888	0:00:00	0:00:02
-888	0:00:07	0:00:09
-888	0:00:14	0:00:16
-This week on 100 Lle...	0:00:22	0:00:24
-..we travel from Caernarfon Castle -to Gwydir Castle.	0:00:25	0:00:28
-Photographer Marian Delyth -captures Tre'r Ceiri.	0:00:29	0:00:32
-In Llanberis, -we discover our industrial past...	0:00:32	0:00:36
-..and electric future...	0:00:36	0:00:38
-Romantic autumn colours -at Bodnant Gardens.	0:00:38	0:00:42
-We start in the town of the Cofis.	0:00:42	0:00:45
-The construction -of Caernarfon Castle began in 1283.	0:00:48	0:00:51
-Edward I intended it to serve...	0:00:51	0:00:54
-..as the focus of English rule -and thus suppress the Welsh nation.	0:00:54	0:00:59
-The irony, however, -is that nowadays...	0:01:00	0:01:03
-..Caernarfon is the most Welsh town -in the country.	0:01:03	0:01:07
-Caernarfon Castle is one -of Wales's most impressive buildings.	0:01:10	0:01:16
-One of the most impressive -in the world.	0:01:17	0:01:19
-As a statement of power, -there's nothing quite like it.	0:01:20	0:01:24
-Its length spans 450 feet.	0:01:24	0:01:28
-It's interesting as a statement -of Edward I's intent.	0:01:28	0:01:32
-Caernarfon was already noted -as the location....	0:01:32	0:01:36
-..on which the Roman fort -of Segontium stood.	0:01:37	0:01:40
-Legend has it -that Magnus Maximus, Constantine...	0:01:40	0:01:44
-..and Helen had all been here too.	0:01:44	0:01:48
-That's why we're here -in the fortress facing Anglesey.	0:01:48	0:01:53
-It's a wonderful place.	0:01:54	0:01:57
-Has the castle been built...	0:02:08	0:02:10
-..to purposely follow -the course of the river?	0:02:11	0:02:14
-This side does follow -the river's course...	0:02:14	0:02:17
-..but space was confined -due to the old Norman motte.	0:02:17	0:02:22
-That was later removed, -but it dictated its design.	0:02:22	0:02:26
-It's an interesting -and very imposing shape.	0:02:26	0:02:30
-It's neither a concentric castle -like Beaumaris...	0:02:31	0:02:34
-..nor a castle with one tower -at its centre like Pembroke.	0:02:34	0:02:38
-It's a series of defensive towers...	0:02:38	0:02:41
-..and adjoining walls, each section -as impenetrable as the next.	0:02:41	0:02:46
-It's an incomparable statement -of power and wealth.	0:02:46	0:02:50
-The towers are different -because they're octagonal.	0:02:53	0:02:57
-That's a conscious imitation -of Roman architecture.	0:02:57	0:03:03
-He was trying to create a centre -for his royal empire...	0:03:03	0:03:07
-..in western Europe.	0:03:07	0:03:09
-It's also reminiscent -of Constantinople.	0:03:09	0:03:12
-Octagonal towers -with layers of different stone.	0:03:13	0:03:16
-Constantinople is situated -in eastern Europe, of course.	0:03:16	0:03:21
-His intention -was to create an empire.	0:03:21	0:03:25
-An empire equal to that of Rome.	0:03:25	0:03:28
-That was certainly -what Edward I had intended.	0:03:28	0:03:32
-The town's walls were integral -to the castle's design.	0:03:34	0:03:38
-Caernarfon was an administrative -and legislative centre.	0:03:38	0:03:43
-It was home to the sheriff -and local officials.	0:03:44	0:03:47
-The Welsh were banned from the town -until the Tudor period.	0:03:47	0:03:51
-A relatively new building -has since been constructed...	0:03:52	0:03:55
-..for Arfon's administrators.	0:03:55	0:03:58
-Gwynedd Council, encompassing -Anglesey, Merionethshire...	0:04:06	0:04:10
-..and Caernarfonshire, -needed extensive office space.	0:04:11	0:04:15
-Dewi Prys Thomas was primarily -responsible for this design.	0:04:15	0:04:19
-There's a plaque and an englyn -written in his honour.	0:04:19	0:04:24
-He wanted a contrast -to the castle.	0:04:24	0:04:27
-His inspiration -came from the Swiss cantons.	0:04:27	0:04:31
-The result is a very charming -yet relaxed building.	0:04:31	0:04:37
-The authors of Buildings Of Gwynedd -weren't so enthusiastic...	0:04:37	0:04:42
-..but I must say -that I'm a great fan.	0:04:42	0:04:45
-The most imposing tower -within the castle...	0:04:58	0:05:02
-..is the Eagle Tower.	0:05:02	0:05:05
-It was intended to be -the most substantial and striking...	0:05:05	0:05:09
-..because it was home -to the Justiciar of North Wales...	0:05:09	0:05:13
-..the King's representative.	0:05:13	0:05:16
-It was necessary to have -a dignified dwelling for him.	0:05:16	0:05:20
-That was it - the Eagle Tower.	0:05:20	0:05:22
-The eagle is again reminiscent -of the Roman empire...	0:05:23	0:05:27
-..where it was the symbol -of Roman dominance.	0:05:27	0:05:31
-They were sculpted from stone, -traces of which can be seen today.	0:05:31	0:05:36
-Though the eagle has eroded, -but the tower still bears its name.	0:05:36	0:05:42
-As this tower -belonged to the Crown...	0:05:42	0:05:44
-..the Union Jack -was flown above the tower...	0:05:45	0:05:48
-..at least until the end -of the 1920s...	0:05:48	0:05:52
-..when a gang of Bangor students -tore down the Union Jack...	0:05:52	0:05:56
-..on Sr David's Day -and replaced it with the Red Dragon.	0:05:56	0:06:00
-That was one of the first protests -giving prominence to the Red Dragon.	0:06:00	0:06:05
-This is possibly -the first public building...	0:06:05	0:06:09
-..to fly the Welsh flag.	0:06:09	0:06:11
-It has become commonplace now.	0:06:11	0:06:13
-From one castle to another...	0:06:32	0:06:35
-..amid the breathtaking scenery -of Llanberis.	0:06:35	0:06:39
-We associate Llanberis -with the slate industry and Snowdon.	0:06:47	0:06:52
-But Llanberis -had strategic importance...	0:06:52	0:06:55
-..long before slate was mined -and trains chugged up the slopes.	0:06:55	0:06:59
-This was the back door of Gwynedd.	0:07:00	0:07:03
-Dolbadarn Castle was built in 1225 -to defend the valley.	0:07:03	0:07:08
-It was here that Owain Goch -was imprisoned...	0:07:08	0:07:11
-..by his brother, -Llywelyn ap Gruffudd.	0:07:11	0:07:14
-This was the last Welsh stronghold -to fall to Edward I.	0:07:14	0:07:18
-To add insult to injury...	0:07:18	0:07:20
-..large sections of it -were carried to Caernarfon...	0:07:20	0:07:23
-..to build the castle there.	0:07:24	0:07:26
-The only part that remains today -is this lovely tower.	0:07:26	0:07:30
-Another of Llanberis's attractions...	0:07:43	0:07:46
-..is the power station -inside Elidir Fawr.	0:07:46	0:07:49
-The idea is that flowing water -produces electricity.	0:07:49	0:07:53
-It flows from here, Llyn Marchlyn.	0:07:53	0:07:56
-This is Europe's biggest -pumped storage power station.	0:08:00	0:08:03
-It was built in less than 10 years -at a cost of 450 million.	0:08:04	0:08:08
-The aim was to build -a clean power station...	0:08:08	0:08:12
-..hidden inside the mountain.	0:08:12	0:08:14
-A series of interior tunnels -stretch for 10km.	0:08:15	0:08:18
-The water flows for 600 metres -down the mountain...	0:08:22	0:08:26
-..into these six pumps.	0:08:26	0:08:28
-Amazingly, more water passes -through them in 90 minutes...	0:08:29	0:08:33
-..than is used in London -in a whole day.	0:08:34	0:08:37
-These taps can be opened -in less than five seconds...	0:08:38	0:08:41
-..allowing a flow of 92,000 gallons -of water per second.	0:08:42	0:08:46
-That's equivalent to a million -and a half cups of tea every second.	0:08:46	0:08:52
-The water flows through the green -and yellow taps we saw earlier...	0:08:54	0:09:00
-..underneath the ground -into the turbines behind me.	0:09:00	0:09:04
-They drive these shafts -into the generators above.	0:09:04	0:09:08
-They ultimately convert the power -into electricity.	0:09:08	0:09:12
-From a green modern industry -to an old industry...	0:09:15	0:09:22
-..responsible for shaping -this area's stony character.	0:09:22	0:09:26
-By the late 18th century...	0:09:37	0:09:39
-..the slate industry -had reached Llanberis...	0:09:39	0:09:42
-..and left its mark -on this striking landscape.	0:09:43	0:09:47
-The National Slate Museum -gives the impression that workers...	0:09:47	0:09:52
-..have only recently downed tools.	0:09:53	0:09:55
-But this quarry closed in 1969.	0:09:55	0:09:58
-This is Britain's biggest waterwheel.	0:10:01	0:10:05
-It was installed -at the end of the 19th century.	0:10:05	0:10:10
-They could have used steam, -but water was plentiful and free.	0:10:10	0:10:16
-The energy that it produces -also costs nothing.	0:10:17	0:10:20
-Power from this wheel -ran all the site's machinery.	0:10:20	0:10:23
-This is essentially -a self-sufficient factory...	0:10:24	0:10:27
-..able to fulfil all kinds -of industrial requirements.	0:10:28	0:10:31
-It's so much more -than just a slate museum.	0:10:32	0:10:35
-It's a fitting tribute to the men -who worked and died here.	0:10:36	0:10:41
-.	0:10:51	0:10:51
-888	0:10:55	0:10:55
-888 - -888	0:10:55	0:10:57
-Each week on 100 Lle, -we see one location...	0:11:03	0:11:07
-..through the eyes -of photographer Marian Delyth.	0:11:07	0:11:10
-This week, -it's Tre'r Ceiri on Yr Eifl.	0:11:11	0:11:13
-How did you go about photographing -Tre'r Ceiri?	0:11:14	0:11:18
-When I saw that Tre'r Ceiri -was on the list...	0:11:18	0:11:21
-..I knew -that it would pose a problem.	0:11:21	0:11:23
-My dream was to ride in a plane -after it had snowed...	0:11:24	0:11:27
-..and to take an aerial photograph -of Tre'r Ceiri.	0:11:28	0:11:31
-Of course, in the world of Welsh -publishing, that wasn't possible.	0:11:31	0:11:36
-I submitted one photograph -of Tre'r Ceiri...	0:11:36	0:11:40
-..concentrating on the location -and putting it into context.	0:11:40	0:11:45
-Are these the final photographs?	0:11:46	0:11:49
-Are these the ones -that made the cut?	0:11:50	0:11:52
-These were the ones -that led to the final image.	0:11:53	0:11:56
-I had given up for the day.	0:11:56	0:11:58
-It had been a fine morning.	0:11:58	0:12:02
-By lunchtime, it was cloudy, -dark and windy...	0:12:02	0:12:06
-..and was snowing.	0:12:07	0:12:08
-It was so cold that I couldn't -stand outside for five minutes.	0:12:09	0:12:13
-It was difficult -to keep the camera steady.	0:12:13	0:12:17
-But these things require patience.	0:12:17	0:12:21
-I decided to persevere.	0:12:21	0:12:24
-An artist who draws with a pencil -gradually builds up a picture...	0:12:27	0:12:31
-..from a blank piece of paper.	0:12:32	0:12:34
-He builds the picture.	0:12:34	0:12:36
-The opposite is true of photography.	0:12:36	0:12:39
-You start with the picture -or the scene as a whole...	0:12:39	0:12:42
-..and then focus in...	0:12:43	0:12:46
-..until you find an element -in that scene...	0:12:46	0:12:50
-..that's visually exciting.	0:12:50	0:12:53
-An improvement in the weather -led to that final image...	0:12:53	0:12:58
-..where the stone wall stands out...	0:12:58	0:13:03
-..because of the snow.	0:13:03	0:13:06
-Tre'r Ceiri -appears in the background.	0:13:07	0:13:10
-These are two of the images -that feature in the book.	0:13:14	0:13:17
-They're almost identical.	0:13:18	0:13:20
-Yes, almost, but shot -at different times of day.	0:13:20	0:13:24
-Yr Eifl at sunset -has become a familiar image.	0:13:24	0:13:28
-I took it a few years ago -with film...	0:13:28	0:13:32
-..before the advent of digital.	0:13:32	0:13:34
-The other photograph -is from Aberdesach.	0:13:34	0:13:38
-There's no better place to be -in summer than Aberdesach.	0:13:39	0:13:42
-The views are superb.	0:13:43	0:13:45
-It's a panoramic shot, showing -Yr Eifl in the context of the sea.	0:13:45	0:13:50
-In this photograph, -I was trying to convey...	0:13:55	0:13:59
-..the harsh weather -and rugged landscape.	0:13:59	0:14:02
-It's very barren and bare.	0:14:03	0:14:06
-It's an unforgiving landscape...	0:14:06	0:14:09
-..when you consider that people -actually lived on the summit.	0:14:09	0:14:15
-Once again, the landscape -is somewhat disguised by the snow.	0:14:16	0:14:21
-It allows you to focus -on other elements...	0:14:22	0:14:26
-..such as the green grass.	0:14:26	0:14:29
-The focus is mainly on the crags.	0:14:29	0:14:32
-A little snow highlights -the few colours in the landscape.	0:14:33	0:14:39
-Many gardens in Wales are worth -a visit for one reason or another...	0:14:50	0:14:55
-..but they all tend -to be relatively flat.	0:14:55	0:14:58
-What Bodnant gives us is drama.	0:14:58	0:15:01
-Helping to create that drama -is the landscape's sloping nature.	0:15:01	0:15:05
-The industrial chemist -Henry Davis Pochin...	0:15:10	0:15:14
-..laid the foundations -for Bodnant's gardens...	0:15:14	0:15:17
-..when he retired here in 1874.	0:15:18	0:15:20
-The family still owns -this Georgian house...	0:15:21	0:15:24
-..though the gardens are now owned -by the National Trust.	0:15:24	0:15:29
-The Aberconway family has played -a key role in Bodnant's development.	0:15:31	0:15:36
-Manager Michael McLaren -continues the tradition.	0:15:36	0:15:40
-People visit Bodnant -for numerous reasons.	0:15:46	0:15:50
-To see the laburnum in bloom...	0:15:50	0:15:52
-..and to see the many species -and sub-species of rhododendrons.	0:15:52	0:15:57
-But it's nice to just walk around -and find quiet spots...	0:15:57	0:16:01
-..to catch glimpses of the vibrant -autumn colours between the trees.	0:16:01	0:16:06
-The site is home -to two interesting buildings.	0:16:10	0:16:13
-Henry Davis is responsible -for building the mausoleum...	0:16:14	0:16:18
-..as a resting place.	0:16:18	0:16:20
-Later, the second Lord Aberconway...	0:16:21	0:16:25
-..relocated the Pin Mill -from Gloucestershire to Bodnant.	0:16:25	0:16:30
-John mentions in his book...	0:16:31	0:16:34
-..that spring is the best time -to visit Bodnant...	0:16:34	0:16:37
-..and that autumn -is the most romantic time.	0:16:38	0:16:40
-On my own. -Let's not get too romantic!	0:16:40	0:16:43
-Next, one castle, two chapels...	0:16:50	0:16:52
-..and one of Britain's -most influential families.	0:16:53	0:16:57
-This is Gwydir Castle, -the home of the Wynn dynasty.	0:17:16	0:17:20
-We know more about Sir John Wynn...	0:17:21	0:17:25
-..than about almost any other figure -of the 16th and 17th centuries.	0:17:25	0:17:30
-He wrote -The History Of The Gwydir Family.	0:17:30	0:17:34
-He mentions his links with William -Morgan's translation of the Bible.	0:17:34	0:17:39
-He was the area's -most prominent landowner.	0:17:40	0:17:43
-You get the impression from his work -that he thought a lot of himself...	0:17:44	0:17:48
-..and could be rather awkward.	0:17:48	0:17:51
-With that much power and influence, -he could afford to be.	0:17:51	0:17:54
-And wealth, of course.	0:17:55	0:17:56
-And wealth, of course. - -It's a very sturdy house.	0:17:56	0:17:58
-The Solar Tower -is the most interesting part.	0:17:58	0:18:02
-Notice the two chimneys, -one at each end.	0:18:02	0:18:06
-A typical feature -of Snowdonia houses.	0:18:06	0:18:10
-This may have been the original, -as I'm sure you're aware.	0:18:10	0:18:15
-The house has a chequered history...	0:18:32	0:18:35
-..but this room -has a particularly interesting past.	0:18:35	0:18:39
-It's very interesting.	0:18:39	0:18:41
-During the days of Richard Wynn...	0:18:42	0:18:45
-..wood panels covered the walls -of this dining room.	0:18:45	0:18:49
-But after the house -fell into disrepair...	0:18:49	0:18:54
-..following the First World War...	0:18:54	0:18:56
-..the owners decided to make money -out of them.	0:18:57	0:19:00
-When Randolph Hearst, -a Citizen Kane-type figure...	0:19:00	0:19:03
-..heard about Gwydir's impressive -wooden panels, he bought them.	0:19:04	0:19:09
-He wanted to reinstall them at his -home in San Simeon, California.	0:19:09	0:19:15
-But he didn't get around -to doing that.	0:19:15	0:19:18
-The present owners, who bought -the castle in the early 1990s...	0:19:18	0:19:23
-..wondered what had happened -to the panels.	0:19:23	0:19:26
-In 1996, they found them in boxes -in a New York warehouse.	0:19:27	0:19:33
-With the help of CADW, -they were able to bring them back.	0:19:33	0:19:38
-I can't think of a more exciting -or romantic story than that!	0:19:39	0:19:45
-We've seen where the Wynns lived, -and this is where they died.	0:20:04	0:20:10
-Or rather, -where they came after they died.	0:20:10	0:20:13
-It was created as an extension -to the Church of Saint Grwst.	0:20:13	0:20:17
-The main church -dates back to 1470.	0:20:17	0:20:21
-This dates back to 1533...	0:20:21	0:20:24
-..making it younger -than the main body of the church.	0:20:24	0:20:28
-It was built -as a final resting place.	0:20:28	0:20:31
-The bodies of the Wynn family -are buried under this stone floor.	0:20:32	0:20:36
-Though this place was meant -as a memorial to the Wynns...	0:20:36	0:20:40
-..it's also home to the coffin -of Llywelyn Fawr.	0:20:41	0:20:45
-But its cover is missing.	0:20:46	0:20:49
-His wife's coffin is very ornate -and is housed in Beaumaris.	0:20:49	0:20:54
-But the cover for this -has long disappeared.	0:20:54	0:20:59
-Llywelyn Fawr died in 1240.	0:21:04	0:21:07
-He had become a monk -at Aberconwy Abbey.	0:21:07	0:21:10
-Following the Dissolution -of the Monasteries by Henry VIII...	0:21:10	0:21:14
-..the coffin was lost for over -a century before it reappeared here.	0:21:14	0:21:19
-Here's another of the chapels -or churches of the Gwydir family.	0:21:36	0:21:40
-It's situated halfway up the valley.	0:21:40	0:21:44
-This was more personal to them.	0:21:44	0:21:46
-The other is an extension -of the parish church...	0:21:46	0:21:49
-..whereas this is a private chapel -near the summer dwelling...	0:21:50	0:21:54
-..built for the family -in the hills above the mansion.	0:21:54	0:22:00
-Interestingly, -this chapel was built in 1673...	0:22:00	0:22:04
-..a year before the death -of Richard Wynn...	0:22:04	0:22:08
-..the last of the Gwydir barons.	0:22:08	0:22:12
-The building's showpiece -is its impressive painted ceiling.	0:22:13	0:22:17
-It echoes the tradition seen -throughout Italy during this period.	0:22:17	0:22:22
-It's suggested that the depictions -are a little naive.	0:22:22	0:22:27
-A local artist was commissioned...	0:22:27	0:22:31
-..to interpret -Richard Wynn's design.	0:22:31	0:22:34
-The depiction above the altar...	0:22:34	0:22:37
-..or the communion table -represents the Creation.	0:22:37	0:22:43
-Night and day, heaven and earth.	0:22:43	0:22:47
-In the middle, there are symbols -of the Holy Trinity.	0:22:47	0:22:52
-God is dressed in red clothes.	0:22:52	0:22:54
-Further down, there are six angels -looking particularly angelic.	0:22:54	0:22:59
-The most important thing -about this place...	0:23:00	0:23:03
-..is that it has been left alone.	0:23:04	0:23:06
-There was a trend -during the Victorian era...	0:23:06	0:23:10
-..to give parish churches -a medieval transformation.	0:23:10	0:23:14
-They revamped and restored them, -but this chapel was left alone.	0:23:14	0:23:19
-It's a perfect example -of how a noble churchman thought...	0:23:19	0:23:23
-..a place of worship should be -in the mid to late 17th century.	0:23:24	0:23:29
-It's one of our national treasures.	0:23:29	0:23:32
-S4C Subtitles by Eirlys A Jones	0:24:14	0:24:17

Pennod 3 100 Lle

Similar Content

Entertainment

Factual

100 Lle

Pennod 2

Pennod 4

Transcript

Download Subtitles

SRT

ASS