Pennod 9 ‹ 100 Lle

Line	From	To
-888	0:00:00	0:00:00
-888 - -888	0:00:00	0:00:02
-888	0:00:07	0:00:09
-888	0:00:14	0:00:16
-888	0:00:19	0:00:21
-In this episode of 100 Lle...	0:00:24	0:00:26
-..we admire the clock -and the ironworks of Tredegar.	0:00:27	0:00:31
-We discuss photographs of Bryn-mawr -with Marian Delyth.	0:00:32	0:00:35
-I visit Butetown -in the Rhymney Valley...	0:00:36	0:00:39
-..and John Davies talks about -Dowlais's glorious industrial past.	0:00:40	0:00:45
-Our odyssey begins on the banks -of the River Usk in Newport...	0:00:46	0:00:51
-..by one of Wales's most remarkable -architectural features.	0:00:51	0:00:56
-Here we are, on the famous -Newport Transporter Bridge.	0:01:18	0:01:22
-What function -did this bridge originally have?	0:01:22	0:01:25
-The transporter bridge signifies...	0:01:26	0:01:29
-..that the River Usk was important, -in shipping terms...	0:01:29	0:01:33
-..when the bridge was built, -at the turn of the 20th century.	0:01:33	0:01:37
-A conventional bridge -wasn't an option...	0:01:38	0:01:41
-..because it would have interfered -with tall ships on the Usk.	0:01:41	0:01:45
-The answer -was a transporter bridge...	0:01:45	0:01:48
-..with a gondola suspended from it.	0:01:49	0:01:52
-The platform is high enough -for any ship to sail below it.	0:01:52	0:01:55
-This is one of a handful -of transporter bridges in the world.	0:01:56	0:02:02
-The one in Bilbao -has received World Heritage status.	0:02:02	0:02:06
-I've seen the one in Bilbao -and this one is far superior to it.	0:02:06	0:02:11
-A campaign is needed in Wales -in the coming years...	0:02:11	0:02:15
-..to secure World Heritage status -for the Newport Transporter Bridge.	0:02:15	0:02:21
-The bridge itself came a bit late.	0:02:22	0:02:24
-By the time it opened in 1906, -ships' masts weren't as high.	0:02:24	0:02:29
-They also used the docks.	0:02:31	0:02:33
-By the end of the 1900s, the port -of Newport's golden age was over.	0:02:34	0:02:38
-That's why it could be argued -that this bridge was built too late.	0:02:38	0:02:43
-But it was built, -and it's an elegant structure.	0:02:43	0:02:48
-It was restored recently -and is one of Wales's real gems.	0:02:48	0:02:52
-I once ventured right to the top. -I won't do it again!	0:02:53	0:02:57
-Hop in! I think we're nearly there.	0:02:57	0:03:00
-It's now one of several bridges -across the River Usk into Newport.	0:03:14	0:03:18
-They include the two bridges -that frame the ruins of the castle.	0:03:19	0:03:25
-Casnewydd, the Welsh name -for Newport, means new castle.	0:03:26	0:03:30
-It was a new castle, compared to -the Roman fort at Caerleon...	0:03:30	0:03:35
-..and the Norman motte and bailey -castle at Stow Hill.	0:03:35	0:03:39
-The city centre is a dramatic -patchwork of ruins and buildings...	0:03:48	0:03:53
-..and of railway tracks and roads.	0:03:53	0:03:55
-It's worth walking up the steep road -to the top of Stow Hill...	0:03:56	0:04:01
-..and to St Woolos Cathedral.	0:04:01	0:04:04
-St Woolos Cathedral stands -on the top of Stow Hill, Newport.	0:04:06	0:04:12
-It's a cathedral by now, but was -the parish church for centuries.	0:04:12	0:04:18
-When the Church in Wales -was disestablished in 1920...	0:04:18	0:04:22
-..over half the population of Wales -was in the Diocese of Llandaff.	0:04:23	0:04:27
-When it was deemed too big, -a Monmouthshire diocese was created.	0:04:27	0:04:33
-Some doubted that this church -was a worthy cathedral...	0:04:34	0:04:37
-..but it was made -a temporary cathedral in 1921.	0:04:37	0:04:41
-The plan then -was to rebuild Tintern Abbey...	0:04:42	0:04:45
-..and turn it into a cathedral.	0:04:45	0:04:48
-However, it would have been -too expensive...	0:04:49	0:04:52
-..so they decided to make do with -this lovely church as a cathedral.	0:04:52	0:04:57
-It's an interesting building.	0:04:58	0:05:00
-This is probably the finest -Romanesque arch in Wales.	0:05:00	0:05:05
-There are examples -in Chepstow and in Llandaff...	0:05:06	0:05:09
-..but this is among the most perfect.	0:05:10	0:05:13
-There's a suggestion the columns -were brought here from Caerleon.	0:05:14	0:05:18
-It's only up the road -and they may have recycled them here!	0:05:19	0:05:23
-It's good to use local materials!	0:05:23	0:05:25
-Several Chartists -were buried in the cemetery.	0:05:26	0:05:29
-Yes, a large group of Chartists -came here in 1839.	0:05:30	0:05:33
-They came mainly from Blaenau Gwent -down to Newport...	0:05:33	0:05:37
-..which was the largest town -in south-east Wales.	0:05:37	0:05:41
-They attacked the soldiers, -who in turn shot back at them.	0:05:41	0:05:46
-At least 20, if not 40, Chartists -were killed.	0:05:47	0:05:50
-Their bodies were smuggled here -under the cover of darkness...	0:05:50	0:05:55
-..and were buried in the cemetery.	0:05:55	0:05:57
-If there is a shrine to democracy -in Wales or, indeed, in Britain...	0:05:58	0:06:02
-..I would say -that it's St Woolos Cemetery.	0:06:03	0:06:06
-They deserve great credit.	0:06:06	0:06:10
-Tredegar is famous -for its ironworks...	0:06:17	0:06:21
-..and for being the birthplace -of Aneurin Bevan.	0:06:22	0:06:25
-The history of the town square -unites both things.	0:06:26	0:06:29
-This is the clock, -in the centre of Tredegar.	0:06:40	0:06:43
-We can see from this door...	0:06:43	0:06:45
-..how they raised the funds -to pay for this clock.	0:06:45	0:06:49
-Presented to the town of Tredegar -from the proceeds of a bazaar...	0:06:50	0:06:54
-..promoted -by the late Mrs R P Davis.	0:06:54	0:06:57
-This plaque doesn't tell you -about the political motive...	0:06:58	0:07:02
-..behind the decision -to built this clock tower.	0:07:02	0:07:06
-Here we have a memorial -to Wellington.	0:07:09	0:07:13
-Wellington, England's Hero.	0:07:14	0:07:16
-But this plaque wasn't put here -to honour his victory at Waterloo.	0:07:16	0:07:21
-Wellington was strongly opposed -to Chartism...	0:07:22	0:07:25
-..and the Chartists -met in The Cambrian pub over there.	0:07:26	0:07:30
-If you want to make a political -point, this is the place to do it!	0:07:30	0:07:34
-Aneurin Bevan is the great hero -of Tredegar, of course.	0:07:44	0:07:48
-He addressed crowds -from that balcony.	0:07:48	0:07:51
-People think he somehow conjured up -the National Health Service...	0:07:51	0:07:56
-..but Tredegar did have -a local health service...	0:07:57	0:08:01
-..the Tredegar Medical Aid Society.	0:08:01	0:08:04
-Bevan used it as the template -for the National Health Service.	0:08:05	0:08:09
-Aneurin Bevan famously vowed -to "Tredegarise" Britain.	0:08:09	0:08:15
-He did just that, fair play to him.	0:08:15	0:08:17
-The ironworks' owners -built the clock...	0:08:21	0:08:24
-..and the ironworks -gave rise to the town.	0:08:25	0:08:28
-The remains of the area's -first ironworks still stand.	0:08:28	0:08:34
-Sirhowy Ironworks -was established in 1778.	0:08:38	0:08:42
-It was the first ironworks -in the Tredegar area.	0:08:42	0:08:45
-It was the first to smelt iron -using coke rather than charcoal...	0:08:46	0:08:50
-..and that was the key -to its success.	0:08:51	0:08:54
-There was an abundance of coal -in the ground here, of course.	0:08:54	0:08:58
-Then, in 1805, a tram road -was built from the Tredegar area...	0:08:58	0:09:03
-..all the way to Newport, -which was the nearest port.	0:09:03	0:09:07
-The 20-kilometre tram road -cost 40,000...	0:09:07	0:09:12
-..and the track ended very close -to the transporter bridge.	0:09:13	0:09:17
-That was the largest -transport project in Wales...	0:09:17	0:09:21
-..until Telford built the A5, -all the way to Holyhead.	0:09:22	0:09:26
-Above the ironworks, -on Waun y Pound...	0:09:50	0:09:53
-..you can see the marks -left on the landscape...	0:09:53	0:09:57
-..by the Industrial Revolution.	0:09:57	0:09:59
-The memorial -to a working-class hero is here.	0:09:59	0:10:03
-A man who left his mark -on United Kingdom politics.	0:10:03	0:10:08
-Aneurin Bevan spoke to his -constituents and the world here.	0:10:08	0:10:12
-.	0:10:27	0:10:27
-888	0:10:31	0:10:31
-888 - -888	0:10:31	0:10:33
-Brynmawr, Wales's highest town...	0:10:36	0:10:39
-..caught photographer -Marian Delyth's eye this week.	0:10:39	0:10:43
-I had fairly firm ideas about what -I wanted to achieve in Brynmawr.	0:10:45	0:10:51
-I focused on the industrial element, -or the post-industrial element.	0:10:52	0:10:57
-That's because it's so important -to the town's history.	0:10:57	0:11:01
-I had also done some research -on the Semtex Factory.	0:11:02	0:11:06
-It was built in 1953...	0:11:06	0:11:08
-..and was one -of the most pioneering buildings...	0:11:09	0:11:13
-..to be erected -in post-war Britain.	0:11:13	0:11:17
-I wanted to create -a beautiful image of the building.	0:11:18	0:11:22
-I began by using plants -that have been planted opposite it.	0:11:22	0:11:28
-I came to the conclusion -that I was cheating, in essence.	0:11:29	0:11:33
-What I should do was seek out -the beauty in the architecture.	0:11:33	0:11:38
-Having decided -not to use these images...	0:11:42	0:11:45
-..I then focused my attention -on the fine detail of the building.	0:11:46	0:11:50
-I sought to glorify -those industrial elements...	0:11:53	0:11:56
-..rather than try to hide them.	0:11:57	0:11:59
-Things such as the chimney, -the cables...	0:11:59	0:12:02
-..and the frames of the windows, -which are now broken.	0:12:02	0:12:06
-By getting closer and closer -to these elements...	0:12:10	0:12:13
-..I focused on abstract shapes, -such as the silhouette of the lamps.	0:12:13	0:12:19
-I eventually decided that the image -that should appear in the book...	0:12:20	0:12:25
-..would be the simplest of them all.	0:12:26	0:12:29
-There's a mural on a gable wall...	0:12:37	0:12:40
-..in a prominent location -on Brynmawr town square.	0:12:40	0:12:44
-I used a detail from that mural -in the book...	0:12:45	0:12:48
-..but I'm also fond of this shot -of the mural in the background...	0:12:48	0:12:53
-..and cars in the foreground.	0:12:53	0:12:56
-It's a lovely combination -of modern transport...	0:12:56	0:13:00
-..coupled with images of transport -from the distant past.	0:13:00	0:13:04
-I wandered the streets -and the cinema caught my eye.	0:13:15	0:13:18
-The war memorial -stands in front of the cinema.	0:13:18	0:13:22
-This photograph -was taken in the evening.	0:13:22	0:13:25
-It captures the hustle and bustle -of life on the town square.	0:13:25	0:13:30
-I also took some shots that capture -the essence of the valleys.	0:13:31	0:13:36
-Chapels that are now nightclubs -and small chip shops.	0:13:36	0:13:40
-Here, you can see signs -that are typical of the valleys.	0:13:41	0:13:46
-I haven't taken many photographs -of the valleys...	0:13:48	0:13:51
-..but I want to go back there -because it's very interesting.	0:13:51	0:13:56
-There was a population explosion -in the South Wales coalfield...	0:14:01	0:14:06
-..in the mid 18th century.	0:14:06	0:14:08
-The population grew from 10,000 -to 500,000 and they needed homes.	0:14:08	0:14:13
-Houses were built for the workforce -in Butetown in the Rhymney Valley.	0:14:13	0:14:17
-You can't miss the Brian Tolle -sculptures as you enter Butetown.	0:14:25	0:14:29
-The Twisted Chimney stands -on the site of the old Bute Works...	0:14:30	0:14:34
-..as a modern symbol -of an industrial past.	0:14:34	0:14:37
-This village was built in 1802 -by Richard Johnson.	0:15:02	0:15:05
-He owned Union Ironworks.	0:15:06	0:15:07
-There are only 47 houses here...	0:15:08	0:15:10
-..but it was meant to be part -of a far larger development.	0:15:10	0:15:14
-However, Union Ironworks -and Bute Ironworks amalgamated...	0:15:14	0:15:19
-..and that's what put a stop -to this lovely development.	0:15:19	0:15:23
-These designs are typical -of Renaissance architecture.	0:15:23	0:15:27
-There's a great variety -within the 47 houses here.	0:15:28	0:15:31
-There are family homes -and houses for individuals.	0:15:32	0:15:36
-There are also homes -for impoverished families.	0:15:36	0:15:40
-This village was designed for rich -and poor to live in harmony.	0:15:40	0:15:45
-Perhaps the most striking features -of this development...	0:16:08	0:16:12
-..were the Egyptian furnaces.	0:16:13	0:16:15
-They were copies of furnaces -that were discovered in Egypt.	0:16:16	0:16:20
-They had columns and pilasters -and looked really beautiful.	0:16:22	0:16:27
-Imagine how bizarre a sight those -Egyptian furnaces must have been.	0:16:28	0:16:33
-Unfortunately, they're long gone...	0:16:33	0:16:36
-..but at least the houses -are still standing.	0:16:36	0:16:39
-It's amazing -how close the countryside is...	0:17:06	0:17:10
-..to the heavy industry -that was once here.	0:17:11	0:17:14
-You can appreciate the views...	0:17:14	0:17:17
-..when you travel on the mountain -railway from Merthyr.	0:17:17	0:17:21
-The next stop for me is Dowlais...	0:17:21	0:17:23
-..where a huge effort has been made -to mask its industrial past.	0:17:23	0:17:28
-Dowlais is now a fairly quiet place -and a mere suburb of Merthyr.	0:17:39	0:17:44
-But there was a time when Dowlais -influenced the whole world.	0:17:45	0:17:49
-There is very little evidence -of Dowlais's industrial heyday...	0:17:54	0:17:59
-..during the mid 19th century.	0:17:59	0:18:02
-Humans rather than horses -now live in the stables.	0:18:02	0:18:06
-The magnificent Dowlais Reading Room -is now a club or a pub.	0:18:06	0:18:11
-What's left of the pump house -is a gym.	0:18:12	0:18:15
-Why did you include it in the book?	0:18:15	0:18:18
-Because there was nowhere to compare -to Dowlais in the mid 19th century.	0:18:18	0:18:24
-When John Josiah Guest died in 1852, -he employed over 7,000 people.	0:18:24	0:18:30
-He employed more people than anyone -in the world at that time.	0:18:31	0:18:35
-There were 14 furnaces, the remains -of which lie beneath our feet.	0:18:35	0:18:40
-No works on that scale had existed -in the history of mankind.	0:18:40	0:18:45
-We're surrounded by the processes -that transformed the world.	0:18:46	0:18:50
-I'd like to erect a sign -on Dowlais Top proclaiming...	0:18:50	0:18:54
-..Welcome To The Cradle -Of The New World...	0:18:54	0:18:58
-..to emphasize -just how important Dowlais is.	0:18:58	0:19:02
-The blast furnace over there -is the only remaining building...	0:19:02	0:19:07
-..that was an essential part -of the process.	0:19:08	0:19:11
-That's where the energy was created -to produce hot air...	0:19:12	0:19:16
-..to raise the temperature -within the furnaces.	0:19:17	0:19:20
-Exports from here -went all over the world.	0:19:20	0:19:24
-Iron was carried to Cardiff -on the canal and later by rail...	0:19:24	0:19:28
-..and exported to almost -every country in the world.	0:19:29	0:19:33
-For example, the railway tracks -from Moscow to St Petersburg...	0:19:33	0:19:38
-..were actually created here.	0:19:38	0:19:40
-If you read Anna Karenina -by Tolstoy...	0:19:43	0:19:45
-..she throws herself -in front of the train in the end.	0:19:46	0:19:49
-She would have fallen on tracks -bearing the legend GL - Guest Lewis.	0:19:50	0:19:54
-That was the trademark of Dowlais.	0:19:54	0:19:57
-It would have been stamped -through the iron, like Pwllheli Rock.	0:19:57	0:20:02
-If you go to Turkey, Spain, Germany -and almost any other country...	0:20:05	0:20:10
-..you'll see train tracks -produced in Dowlais.	0:20:10	0:20:14
-Back then, everyone in the world -knew about Merthyr and Dowlais.	0:20:15	0:20:20
-It's as though they've gone out of -their way to erase their heritage.	0:20:21	0:20:26
-I think it's very sad.	0:20:26	0:20:28
-You can see much more -at the old Cyfarthfa Ironworks...	0:20:28	0:20:32
-..that belonged -to the Crawshay family.	0:20:32	0:20:35
-There's nothing to see in Dowlais. -It's all been buried.	0:20:36	0:20:40
-The glorious past of Dowlais -has been destroyed.	0:20:40	0:20:43
-Shame on the people -of Merthyr Tydfil.	0:20:44	0:20:46
-It's great to see an old -industrial building put to good use.	0:21:03	0:21:08
-The pump house -is used by local youngsters.	0:21:08	0:21:11
-As we leave Dowlais...	0:21:12	0:21:14
-..we see a structure that dominates -the landscape in Cefncoedycymer.	0:21:14	0:21:19
-This programme ends -on the outskirts of Merthyr Tydfil.	0:21:40	0:21:44
-Yes, we're standing -on the viaduct...	0:21:45	0:21:48
-..that carried -the Merthyr to Brecon railway.	0:21:48	0:21:52
-This viaduct was built in 1866...	0:21:54	0:21:56
-..and it carried the railway -until the 1960s.	0:21:56	0:22:00
-It was used for a century.	0:22:02	0:22:04
-This is the largest viaduct -in the whole of Wales.	0:22:05	0:22:08
-It's 770 feet long and stands -125 feet above the Taf Fawr river.	0:22:10	0:22:15
-I think it's the most beautiful -and elegant viaduct in Wales...	0:22:15	0:22:20
-..but someone from Pont-rhyd-y-fen -may disagree!	0:22:20	0:22:23
-Pont-rhyd-y-fen had three of them!	0:22:24	0:22:26
-Pont-rhyd-y-fen had three of them! - -Let's not pursue that point.	0:22:26	0:22:28
-Having been to Dowlais -and Merthyr as a whole...	0:22:28	0:22:32
-..you realize how much of its -industrial heritage has been lost.	0:22:32	0:22:37
-It's wonderful to see this viaduct -still standing proudly here.	0:22:37	0:22:42
-It's one of our country's -most magnificent antiquities.	0:22:43	0:22:47
-Yes. I won't argue with that.	0:22:48	0:22:50
-It's not as good as Pont-rhyd-y-fen, -mind you!	0:22:50	0:22:53
-I knew you'd say that! Hmm!	0:22:54	0:22:56
-S4C subtitles by Eirlys A Jones	0:23:34	0:23:37
-.	0:23:37	0:23:37

Pennod 9 100 Lle

Similar Content

Entertainment

Factual

100 Lle

Pennod 8

Pennod 10

Transcript

Download Subtitles

SRT

ASS