Pennod 1 Cerys Matthews a'r Goeden Faled


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-I'm Cerys Matthews.

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-I've been collecting music

-all my life.

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-Music covers the spectrum

-of human experience.

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-It reveals secrets

-and opens amazing doors...

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-..when we travel back to its roots.

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-# There stands the magnificent oak

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-# Tw rymdi-ro rymdi radl-idl-al

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-# I shall shelter in its shadow

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-# Until my sweetheart

-comes to meet me

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-# Fal-di radl-idl-al

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-# Fal-di radl-idl-al

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-# Tw rymdi-ro rymdi radl-idl-al #

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-# FANS SING MEN OF HARLECH TUNE#

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-The summer of 2016 is unforgettable

-because of one thing...

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-..the Welsh football team's success

-at the Euros.

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-One chant us fans sang

-to boost the players on the pitch...

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-..was Men of Harlech.

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-Why this song? What's the story

-behind the powerful melody?

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-"David, where you are

-let all the nation go

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-"A long tribulation is coming"

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-Wales has a long history

-of war poems.

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-Y Gododdin from the sixth century

-by the poet Aneirin...

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-..and Dafydd Llwyd of Mathafarn's

-ode...

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-..about the Battle of Bosworth

-in the 15th century.

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-Here is poet and musician

-Twm Morys...

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-..creating a marching rhythm

-with his stick...

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-..putting Men of Harlech's melody

-in a military context.

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-"Enemies!"

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-In the 18th century, there wasn't

-a national army as there is now.

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-Armies were small.

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-They were more or less

-private armies. Small militias.

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-Every small army

-needed a marching song.

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-Some of these songs

-have become very well known.

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-One of them

-is Captain Morgan's March.

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-It's sung today...

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-..as the song for the bard

-at the National Eisteddfod.

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-HE SINGS THE MELODY

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-From the rhythm,

-you know that it's a marching song.

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-A marching song was commissioned

-in the 18th century...

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-..by the Cricieth militia,

-a local army.

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-Dafydd y Garreg Wen did that.

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-I think that Men of Harlech

-has a similar melody.

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-Who was the army or the general?

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-I don't know. No-one knows.

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-There was a man with links

-to these parts called Owen Wyn.

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-He became a general

-with the official army.

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-It's likely that he developed

-a small local army.

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-That army

-grew from strength to strength...

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-..before becoming

-an official regiment, 9th Lancers.

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-Even today, the 9th Lancers'

-marching song...

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-..is Men of Harlech.

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-That may be the origin of the song.

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-Another regiment that used Men

-of Harlech as a marching song...

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-..was the South Wales Borderers.

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-They, under a different name,

-were part of the battle...

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-..to defend Rorke's Drift

-from the Zulus in 1879.

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-In the Hollywood film

-of the same name...

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-..Men of Harlech was brought

-to the international stage.

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-However, the song was first recorded

-as an instrumental melody.

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-There are folk songs

-which have been intended to be sung.

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-There is also a very strong

-tradition of instrumental melodies.

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-Men of Harlech

-comes into this category.

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-It is not a folk song...

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-..of the same nature

-as Tra Bo Dau and Ar Lan y Mor.

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-Rather, it was

-an instrumental melody...

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-..which would have been played...

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-..by a harpist, a violinist

-or a crwth player.

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-It is only in the Welsh tradition

-that many instrumental melodies...

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-..have acquired lyrics

-over the centuries.

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-This is what has happened

-to Men of Harlech.

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-Edward Jones, the King's poet,

-was one of many harpists...

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-..who collected and published

-instrumental melodies.

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-Men of Harlech, or The March

-of the Men of Harlech...

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-..belongs to his

-influential collection.

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-The Musical and Poetical Relicks

-of the Welsh Bards.

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-We will hear more about this book

-during the series...

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-..as it forms a crucial part

-of the history of Welsh music.

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-Edward Jones, the King's bard,

-came from Bala.

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-He was a renowned harpist.

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-Because of this,

-wealthy noblemen patronised him...

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-..to allow him to move to London

-and play the harp professionally.

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-By 1790, he was Harp-Master

-to the Prince of Wales.

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-He then became harpist

-to King George IV.

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-Edward Jones had vast interests.

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-But his main interest

-was collecting melodies.

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-He attended eisteddfods

-all over Wales.

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-He watched competitions...

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-..and met other people

-who were interested in folk songs.

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-He would record this music...

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-..by making a note and writing.

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-Edward Jones published

-over 20 books.

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-He collected over 200

-well-known melodies...

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-..such as Dafydd y Garreg Wen,

-Dadl Dau, Ar Hyd y Nos...

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-..and Codiad yr Hedydd.

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-They all appear

-in the two volumes...

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-..of the Musical and Poetical

-Relicks of the Welsh Bards.

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-In this collection, Edward Jones

-produced a collection...

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-..similar to famous collections in

-the English tradition of the time.

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-He tried to benefit

-the Welsh people...

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-..by placing our melodies

-at the same level...

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-..as traditional melodies of other

-cultures across Europe at the time.

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-But what about the lyrics?

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-There are several versions including

-one by John Jones - Talhaiarn.

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-The lyrics most familiar

-to us today...

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-..are those written

-by John Ceiriog Hughes...

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-..from Llanarmon

-in the Ceiriog Valley.

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-He was one of Wales' best-known

-poets and melody collectors...

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-..and is sometimes compared to

-Robert Burns in Scotland.

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-The Welsh lyrics of the song...

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-..feature the words

-"See a white bonfire alight"...

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-..in The Songs of Wales

-by Brinley Richards in 1873.

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-# MEN OF HARLECH #

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-But how did the melody

-become linked to football?

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-At the Racecourse, the team runs

-out to the sound of Men of Harlech.

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-Back in 1978, when Wrexham

-were promoted to Division 2...

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-..which is now the Championship...

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-..the club released a record

-using the Men of Harlech melody...

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-..but with their own lyrics.

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-"Wrexham is the name,

-here they come the mighty champions"

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-# Marching like a mighty army,

-Wrexham is the name #

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-There has been a lot of discussion.

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-The father of one of my friends...

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-..remembers coming to see

-Wales play here in the 1950s.

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-He remembers choirs

-singing Men of Harlech.

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-It was the golden age of choirs.

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-Rhosllannerchrugog Male Voice Choir

-and other choirs in North Wales...

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-..would travel here to watch Wales.

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-Men of Harlech was one of the songs

-they sang.

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-Wrexham supporters adopted the song

-because it was sung on the ground.

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-The team then adopted it during

-the season when they were promoted.

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-Men of Harlech is a song that has

-also been adopted by the Wales fans.

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-It's believed that it happened

-during the 1990s...

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-..when Sam Hammam took over

-in Cardiff at Ninian Park.

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-Wrexham and Cardiff

-were in the same league for a while.

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-He probably heard the song here,

-took it back to Ninian Park...

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-..and introduced it to Cardiff fans.

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-As a result,

-Wales fans adopted it as well.

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-It was readopted by Wales fans.

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-It's my turn

-to create another version now...

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-..with Gwenan Gibbard

-and Mason Neely.

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-# Fierce the beacon's light

-is flaming

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-# With its tongues of fire

-proclaiming

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-# Chieftains,

-sundered to your shaming

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-# Strongly now unite

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-# At her call, all Arfon rallies

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-# War cries

-rend her hills and vallies

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-# Troop on troop,

-with headlong sallies

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-# Hurtle to the fight

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-# Chiefs lie dead and wounded

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-# Yet, where first was grounded

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-# Freedom's flag

-still holds the crag

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-# Her trumpet still is sounded

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-# There we'll keep

-her banner flying

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-# While the pale lips of the dying

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-# Echo to our shouts defying

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-# Harlech for the right!

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-# Shall the Saxon army shake you

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-# Smite, pursue and overtake you?

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-# Men of Harlech, God will make you

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-# Victors, blow for blow

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-# Now avenging Briton

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-# Smite as he has smitten

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-# Let your rage on history's page

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-# In Saxon blood be written

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-# His lance is long,

-but yours is longer

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-# Strong his sword,

-but yours is stronger

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-# One stroke more,

-and now you're wronger

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-# At your feet, lies low #

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-.

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-Subtitles

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-Subtitles

-

-Subtitles

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-Ladies and gentlemen, I'm about

-to sing the greatest love song...

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-..that has ever been written.

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-In any language. You name it.

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-Russian, French, German, Spanish,

-Dutch. Anything you like.

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-This is the one.

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-# Why is it anger, O Myfanwy #

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-So many different themes

-inspire people to compose lyrics.

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-But none inspires poets

-more than love.

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-Except, of course, for heartbreak.

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-# Your gentle cheeks,

-O sweet Myfanwy #

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-The marriage of the melody and the

-melancholic words full of longing...

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-..is so powerful.

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-It touches us deeply.

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-The famous Joseph Parry from

-Merthyr Tydfil composed the melody.

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-It's hard to believe that the song

-was not originally written in Welsh.

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-What's surprising

-about the history of Myfanwy...

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-..is that the English version,

-Arabella, came first.

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-It was composed by American Welshman

-Thomas Gwallter Price, Cuhelyn...

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-..who lived in Pennsylvania.

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-That poem provided the inspiration

-for the song.

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-"Why shoots wrath's lightning -

-Arabella

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-"From those jet eyes?

-What clouds thy brow?

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-"Those cheeks

-that once with love blush'd on me

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-"Why are they pale

-and bloodless now?"

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-What about the Welsh lyrics?

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-They were written by Mynyddog, or

-Richard Davies from Llanbrynmair.

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-He also wrote the lyrics

-to Sosban Fach...

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-..and the libretto for

-Joseph Parry's opera, Blodwen.

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-It is likely that the publisher,

-Isaac Jones, Treherbert...

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-..commissioned the Welsh lyrics

-to go with the English ones.

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-They were both published together

-in 1875...

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-..when Joseph Parry's song

-was first published.

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-Some believe

-that Myfanwy was a real person.

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-There is a character

-in Jack Jones' novel...

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-..Off to Philadelphia

-in the Morning...

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-..who was meant to be a girlfriend

-of Joseph Parry's.

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-People believe she was Myfanwy

-in the song but I don't think so.

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-We don't know

-what Mynyddog had in mind.

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-But I suspect

-that he chose the name at random.

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-It was a name that could be sung

-easily and which suited the song.

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-Myfanwy was first performed at the

-university in Aberystwyth in 1875...

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-..at a concert to celebrate

-the birthday of Joseph Parry.

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-It became very popular through

-the Morriston Orpheus Choir...

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-..between the two world wars.

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-They rendered the song famous.

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-That's how the song

-travelled all over the world.

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-# That fills your eyes

-so dark and clear? #

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-Ivor Sims and Morriston Orpheus

-Choir' recording of Myfanwy...

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-..became very popular after WWII.

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-A large number of army personnel

-lived abroad.

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-Their families at home

-sent in requests...

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-..to a radio programme called

-Two-Way Family Favourites.

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-Myfanwy was a symbol of longing

-for the mother country.

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-I remember hearing this programme

-as a child...

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-..and the words "And that was

-the Morriston Orpheus Choir...

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-"..under the conductorship

-of Ivor E Sims singing Myfanwy."

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-I think that contributed greatly

-to the popularity of the choir...

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-..as well as the song itself.

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-What's interesting about the

-recording is that it's very slow.

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-The reason for that was that it

-had to fill one side of the record.

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-There is another amusing detail

-about this recording.

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-It was the day of recording at

-the Tabernacle chapel in Morriston.

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-One member of the choir always

-brought his dog to rehearsals.

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-The dog would always lie quietly

-and behave himself.

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-But when the producer of the record

-came to the rehearsal...

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-..he said the dog had to go outside.

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-The dog was put in the chapel porch.

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-In the middle of the recording,

-between the two verses...

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-..the dog was obviously fed up

-and he started barking.

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-The barking can still be heard

-on the record!

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-Myfanwy was published

-during the industrial revolution.

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-By the end of the 19th century,

-with the population growing...

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-..the valleys filled

-with the sound of male voice choirs.

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-# Oh, great Jesus #

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-Welsh male voice choirs...

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-..have their roots in the

-latter half of the 19th century.

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-The two main establishments

-responsible for this...

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-..were the workplace and the chapel

-- and the rise of nonconformism.

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-The growth in choirs

-was linked to those two things...

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-..particularly when people

-flooded into industrial areas...

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-..from rural Wales.

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-They looked for ways

-of sticking together...

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-..and for ways of coping with their

-new, unfamiliar circumstances.

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-The men in mixed choirs...

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-..would sometimes break away

-and sing some items on their own.

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-They started to develop

-as musical units.

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-Before long, from the 1870s on...

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-..male voice choirs

-were set up independently.

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-That's when

-the National Eisteddfod...

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-..started offering prizes

-for male voice choirs.

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-They became a central part

-of musical life in Wales.

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-In 1872, a choir of 500 members

-from the Welsh Valleys...

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-..proved that Wales

-was the land of song...

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-..in a prestigious

-choral competition in London.

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-The story about Y Cor Mawr,

-or the Big Choir, led by Caradog...

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-..from the South Wales

-Choral Union, is amazing.

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-It was the first group to represent

-ordinary people from Wales.

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-This was before any organization

-such as the Assembly, the Senedd...

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-..or any football or rugby union.

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-This was the first group

-to represent ordinary folk.

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-They represented industrial Wales...

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-..from Brynmawr and Ebbw Vale

-in Gwent all the way to Llanelli.

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-They would meet to rehearse...

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-..in preparation for the competition

-at Crystal Palace.

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-They went on to win the competition!

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-They were ordinary people

-who had mastered important works...

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-..by famous European composers.

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-This was the origin of the concept

-of Wales, the land of song.

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-This was something that the Welsh

-could do better than anyone else.

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-The Morriston Orpheus Choir

-was once asked to sing Myfanwy...

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-..at the beginning of a wedding

-service as the bride walked in.

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-The person who made the request was

-none less than Michael Heseltine.

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-I tried to explain to him

-that a song about heartbreak...

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-..wasn't suitable for a wedding.

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-But he said, "Oh no, we love

-the song. We love the piece.

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-"It's so romantic."

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-So that's what was performed.

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-But of course, she's afraid

-of telling her lover...

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-..that her feelings for him

-have faded.

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-He has to ask these questions -

-why won't you talk to me?

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-Why don't your cheeks

-no longer blush when you see me?

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-She's promised her hand to him.

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-In the end, he decides

-there is no point carrying on.

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-He releases her

-from the promises she made.

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-He asks for her hand

-as he bids her farewell.

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-It's a perfect song

-for a choir to sing.

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-Because of the tension and relief

-in the fantastic melody...

0:20:200:20:24

-..and the serious nature

-of the lyrics...

0:20:240:20:26

-..it works in a simple way, and

-that's how I'm going to perform it.

0:20:270:20:31

-Emily Pimm-Edwards is my Myfanwy.

0:20:320:20:35

-# Why is it anger, O Myfanwy

0:20:380:20:43

-# That fills your eyes

-so dark and clear?

0:20:440:20:50

-# Your gentle cheeks,

-O sweet Myfanwy

0:20:520:20:56

-# Why blush they not

-when I draw near?

0:20:580:21:02

-# Where is the smile

-that once most tender

0:21:040:21:09

-# Kindled my love so fond, so true?

0:21:110:21:16

-# Where is the sound

-of your sweet words

0:21:170:21:22

-# That drew my heart to follow you?

0:21:260:21:30

-# What have I done, O my Myfanwy

0:21:330:21:38

-# To earn your frown?

-What is my blame?

0:21:390:21:44

-# Was it just play,

-my sweet Myfanwy

0:21:450:21:50

-# To set your poet's love aflame?

0:21:520:21:57

-# You truly once to me

-were promised

0:21:580:22:04

-# Is it too much to keep your part?

0:22:050:22:10

-# I wish no more your hand, Myfanwy

0:22:110:22:17

-# If I no longer have your heart

0:22:180:22:25

-# Myfanwy,

-may you spend your lifetime

0:22:280:22:32

-# Beneath the midday

-sunshine's glow

0:22:330:22:38

-# And on your cheeks O may the roses

0:22:390:22:43

-# Dance for a hundred years or so

0:22:450:22:50

-# Forget now

-all the words of promise

0:22:510:22:55

-# You made to one

-who loved you well

0:22:570:23:02

-# Give me your hand,

-my sweet Myfanwy

0:23:040:23:13

-# But one last time

0:23:140:23:16

-# To say "farewell" #

0:23:180:23:32

-S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.

0:23:510:23:53

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0:23:540:23:54

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