Pennod 3 Cerys Matthews a'r Goeden Faled


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-I'm Cerys Matthews.

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-I've been collecting music

-all my life.

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-Music covers the spectrum

-of human experience.

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-It reveals secrets

-and opens amazing doors...

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-..when we travel back to its roots.

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-# There stands the magnificent oak

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-# Tw rymdi-ro rymdi radl-idl-al

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-# I shall shelter in its shadow

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-# Until my sweetheart

-comes to meet me

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-# Fal-di radl-idl-al

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-# Fal-di radl-idl-al

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-# Tw rymdi-ro rymdi radl-idl-al #

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-# Ev'ry star in heaven is singing

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-# All through the night #

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-The magical Ar Hyd y Nos.

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-I remember learning to play it on

-the piano when I was about 7 or 8.

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-It would send my teacher to sleep -

-until I played the wrong note!

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-It's a unique song which can be

-considered a folk song, a carol...

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-..or a lullaby.

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-There are so many versions.

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-Personally, I like Ryan's rendition

-- with the harp as accompaniment.

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-# Songs of sweet ethereal lightness

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-# Wrought in realms

-of peace and whiteness #

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-Like many of our best melodies, this

-one too has travelled the world.

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-It has been translated

-into many languages.

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-There is an English recording

-by the American, Paul Robeson.

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-# All through the night #

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-Maybe he heard the melody while

-performing in London's West End.

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-As it happens, it was at

-the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane...

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-..that the song became well known

-about 200 years ago.

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-It was an exciting time in the world

-of entertainment in London.

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-There were several theatres,

-popular stars...

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-..and composers

-who produced new operas.

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-One of these maestros

-was Charles Dibdin.

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-He composed over 600 songs.

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-One of his most famous songs

-is the sea song, Tom Bowling.

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-It is often performed at the

-Last Night of the Proms in London.

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-# Here a sheer hulk

-lies poor Tom Bowling

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-# The darling of our crew #

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-Ar Hyd y Nos featured

-in his comic opera, Liberty-Hall...

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-..which was performed for the

-first time in Drury Lane in 1785.

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-There would be characters in operas

-and if they were Welsh...

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-..something was needed

-to prove that fact.

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-A melody

-which obviously came from Wales...

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-..would help to personalize

-the character.

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-In Liberty-Hall, the character

-sings the lyrics in English.

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-But in the refrain,

-he sings "Oh he de nos".

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-It is verging on mocking the Welsh.

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-I think the character

-is a comic one.

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-It shows that the melody

-and the name Ar Hyd y Nos...

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-..were familiar enough

-to be used in that context.

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-They were used to represent

-someone who was Welsh.

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-How would Charles Dibdin

-have come across the melody...

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-..in the first place?

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-The answer lies with

-the King's poet, Edward Jones.

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-He had moved from Llandderfel

-to work in London.

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-This was a period of great change

-in Britain.

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-Just before the Industrial

-Revolution, the population grew.

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-Many people, including the Welsh...

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-..moved to cities

-in search of opportunities.

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-Edward Jones was one of these.

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-While in London, his life revolved

-around highly cultured people.

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-He is likely to have come across

-Charles Dibdin.

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-He was one of three

-famous harpists...

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-..who worked in London

-at this time.

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-John Parry,

-known as Blind Parry of Ruabon...

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-..Edward Jones, who was harpist

-to the Royal Family...

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-..and John Parry, Bardd Alaw.

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-The latter was Musical Director

-at Vauxhall Gardens in London.

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-These three harpists had published

-many very important volumes...

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-..which showed the world

-that Wales was a musical nation.

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-I think that Edward Jones

-was at the centre of it all.

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-He was also the focal point...

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-..for a network of musicians

-across Europe.

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-We have a copy here of

-Musical and Poetical Relicks.

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-This is where Ar Hyd y Nos

-first appeared.

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-Edward Jones

-not only published the music...

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-..along with variations for the harp

-- his own instrument...

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-..but he also published lyrics.

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-At the time, printing was

-quite an expensive process.

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-The music had to be engraved

-on plates.

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-Patronage was required...

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-..and the collections were published

-in London.

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-These were not collections

-for ordinary folk back in Wales.

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-These collections

-circulated amongst people...

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-..who had the means to buy them.

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-These were used in concerts,

-often for Welsh people...

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-..and noson lawen

-entertainment evenings.

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-Music was noted and recorded

-in this method.

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-At the time,

-London was full of Welsh people...

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-..who supported

-our Welsh traditions.

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-Many societies were set up

-to take care of our heritage.

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-Welsh Societies of London

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-The Welsh in London had three aims

-by the mid 18th century.

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-One of these was charity.

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-They wanted to help Welsh families

-who had fallen into poverty.

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-For example,

-where the father had died...

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-..and left behind several children.

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-Secondly, they wanted

-to make collections...

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-..in order to publish Welsh books.

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-The most intelligent amongst them...

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-..also wanted lectures

-on Welsh topics...

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-..in particular

-Welsh poetry and literature.

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-Y Cymmrodorion society

-was established in 1751.

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-It was a society

-which held monthly meetings...

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-..in different public houses

-in London.

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-They discussed

-the culture and history of Wales.

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-After 20 years,

-another society was set up.

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-It was some sort of splinter group.

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-It was called Y Gwyneddigion.

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-The members wanted it to be

-less formal and more popular.

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-Y Gwyneddigion believed it was

-possible to have Welsh culture...

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-..based on entertainment.

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-They tried to recreate

-the spirit of farmhouse kitchens...

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-..in Snowdonia and Meirionnydd.

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-People would gather

-around the fire...

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-..to sing penillion with the harp.

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-Y Gwyneddigion,

-like Y Cymmrodorion...

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-..felt it was important to have

-fun while celebrating being Welsh.

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-Edward Jones joined the society

-in 1783.

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-The following year, he published

-his all-important collection...

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-..Musical and Poetical Relicks

-of the Welsh Bards.

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-The work of Edward Jones and

-his friends in Y Gwyneddigion...

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-..proved to Britain and the world

-for the first time...

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-..that Wales was a nation of song.

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-Charles Dibdin socialized with

-very cultured people in London...

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-..at the time.

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-He came across the melody

-in Edward Jones' collection.

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-After appearing in the opera...

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-..it developed as an elegy song

-called Poor Mary Anne.

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-The lyrics were written by poet

-and novelist, Emilia Opie.

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-"Here beneath this willow sleepeth

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-"Poor Mary Anne

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-"One whom all the village weepeth

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-"Poor Mary Anne"

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-The tune became famous outside Wales

-as a result.

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-In the Songs of Wales collection,

-put together by Brinley Richards...

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-..the Welsh lyrics made

-their first appearance, in 1873.

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-They were written by one of Wales'

-most well-known poets...

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-..John Ceiriog Hughes

-from Denbighshire.

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-Accompanying me on the piano to sing

-a special arrangement of the song...

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-..is Mason Neely.

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-# Ev'ry star in heaven is singing

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-# All through the night

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-# Hear the glorious music ringing

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-# All through the night

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-# Songs of sweet ethereal lightness

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-# Wrought in realms

-of peace and whiteness

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-# See, the dark gives way

-to brightness

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-# All through the night

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-# Look, my love,

-the stars are smiling

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-# All through the night

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-# Lighting, soothing and beguiling

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-# Earth's sombre plight

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-# So, when age brings

-grief and sorrow

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-# From each other we can borrow

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-# Faith in our sublime tomorrow

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-# All through the night #

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-.

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-Subtitles

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-Subtitles

-

-Subtitles

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-# Amazing Grace

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-# How sweet the sound #

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-Former President Obama got

-the audience to raise the roof...

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-..by singing Amazing Grace

-together...

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-..at the funeral

-of pastor Clementa Pinckney.

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-The hymn has been a firm favourite

-for American leaders...

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-..and was sung at the funerals

-of Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan...

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-..to name but two.

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-It's well known

-all over the world...

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-..and over 3,000 versions

-have been recorded...

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-..including our own version

-in Welsh, Pererin Wyf.

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-Iris Williams' version of Amazing

-Grace dates back to the 1970s.

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-But the history of the original song

-goes back considerably further.

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-It's easy to think that

-Amazing Grace is an American hymn.

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-But the origins of the English

-lyrics are a bit closer to home.

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-The first verse was written by

-John Newton from England...

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-..in the 18th century.

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-He went to sea at a young age...

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-..and became the captain

-of a slave ship...

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-..after working in the navy

-for a while.

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-He was considered to be a nasty man

-and was very strict and immoral.

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-It was a ghastly trade...

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-..when you consider

-the suffering that took place.

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-He was also kept as a slave

-for a while...

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-..by a black princess in Africa.

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-He had witnessed

-both sides of the trade.

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-In 1748, during a storm

-near the coast of Donegal...

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-..he experienced

-a religious conversion.

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-He pleaded with God to save him.

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-John Newton survived the storm

-and everything changed.

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-His seafaring days ended...

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-..and he became a cleric in Olney,

-Buckinghamshire.

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-During his time there...

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-..he published a collection of hymns

-called Olney Hymns.

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-One of the hymns he wrote

-was Amazing Grace.

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-It was about the experience

-of becoming a Christian.

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-Apparently he wrote this hymn

-to be sung at a prayer meeting...

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-..at the beginning of the new year

-in 1772.

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-The hymn did not become popular

-in Britain straight away.

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-But interestingly, it was included

-in hymn books in America.

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-The beginning of the 19th century...

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-..was the time

-of the Second Great Awakening.

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-It became very well known as a

-gospel song in southern counties...

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-..amongst black people and slaves.

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-It's ironic that John Newton,

-the merciless master...

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-..wrote a hymn that went on

-to become a firm favourite...

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-..and give comfort

-and spiritual strength...

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-..to the people he used to abuse.

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-The lyrics carry a message

-of forgiveness and salvation.

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-"Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound

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-"That saved a wretch like me

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-"I once was lost but now am found

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-"Was blind but now I see"

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-The hymn quickly became part

-of the Afro-American repertoire.

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-By then, musician William Walker

-from South Carolina...

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-..had amalgamated two traditional

-melodies - Gallaher and St Mary...

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-..to form New Britain.

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-This is the tune we associate

-with the lyrics.

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-# Thank God I'm found #

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-In the 1960s, it became

-a protest song...

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-..at civil rights marches

-in America.

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-Campaigner and queen of gospel

-singing, Mahalia Jackson...

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-..would sing it regularly.

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-# But now

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-# I, oh #

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-# Through many days #

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-The hymn was successful in Britain

-during the same period.

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-The song was in the charts

-for 67 weeks.

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-The artist

-was American Judy Collins.

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-RECORDING OF WELSH VERSION,

-PERERIN WYF

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-Pererin Wyf was responsible...

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-..for bringing Iris Williams

-to the attention of the nation.

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-Her recording went to No.1

-in the Welsh charts.

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-This may never have happened...

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-..without Disc a Dawn producer

-Ruth Price.

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-She came up with the idea

-of asking Iris to perform the song.

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-This is what happened.

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-We had a group of girls from

-the Rhondda who sang beautifully.

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-They were called Y Canolwyr

-at first.

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-They wanted to sing Amazing Grace.

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-They weren't allowed to sing

-Amazing Grace.

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-That was reserved for Iris Williams.

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-So we decided they would sing

-with Iris Williams.

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-We then needed Welsh lyrics.

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-Ruth Price approached me

-and told me about Iris Williams...

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-..who was a new voice

-and a new face.

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-She needed Welsh lyrics for Amazing

-Grace and could I translate them?

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-He tried for a day or so and

-then he told me that he'd failed.

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-Or at least

-the words didn't come to him easily.

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-She asked if I'd done the lyrics.

-I told her I'd only done a little.

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-So I told him not to worry

-and that I'd sort something out.

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-I phoned him the following day...

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-..and told him

-I'd found someone to translate it.

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-So I asked who it was.

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-So I asked who it was.

-

-Mr William Williams, Pantycelyn!

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-# Wedi gorchfygu a mynd drwy

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-# Dymhestloedd dwr a than #

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-It is 300 years since the birth

-of our greatest hymn writer.

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-As a young man,

-he intended to be a doctor.

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-But after hearing Howel Harris

-preaching, he was born again...

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-..and he joined the Methodists.

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-He was one of the main leaders

-of the revival in the 18th century.

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-He wrote nearly 1,000 hymns.

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-He started writing poetry...

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-..quite soon after experiencing

-this religious conversion.

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-In his hymns, he tried to define

-the feelings and credo...

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-..of thousands of Methodists

-and their state of mind.

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-He uses the same image as the one

-in Pererin Wyf in many of his hymns.

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-He sees the people of earth going on

-pilgrimages throughout their lives.

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-In the end, they go to heaven.

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-In fact, he is borrowing

-an image or a metaphor...

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-..from the first books

-of the Old Testament.

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-Many people remember the story

-of Moses leading the Jews.

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-According to the story, Moses

-was in the desert for 40 years.

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-They walked through the desert.

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-Sometimes, when they don't know

-where they are going...

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-..a column of fog shows them

-the way during the day...

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-..and a column of fire at night.

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-These same images

-are used in Pererin Wyf.

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-It's become a metaphor

-of earthly Christian life.

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-He tries to reach heaven.

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-From Egypt to Canaan,

-from this earth to heaven.

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-One image,

-which is psychologically important.

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-William Williams' message

-in Pererin Wyf...

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-..and John Newton's message

-in Amazing Grace...

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-..were equally as powerful.

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-They both lived in the same era and

-they both fought against slavery.

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-They left their mark

-on generations to come.

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-It is a spiritual anthem which has

-united different cultures...

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-..from across the world.

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-It's my turn now, to sing

-a bluegrassy version...

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-..with Mason Neely.

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-# Amazing grace!

-How sweet the sound

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-# That saved a wretch like me

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-# I once was lost, but now am found

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-# Was blind, but now I see

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-# 'Twas grace

-that taught my heart to fear

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-# And grace my fears relieved

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-# How precious did that grace appear

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-# The hour I first believed

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-# The Lord hath promised good to me

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-# His word my hope secures

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-# He will my shield and portion be

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-# As long as life endures

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-# Yea, when this flesh and heart

-shall fail

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-# And mortal life shall cease

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-# I shall possess within the veil

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-# A life of joy and peace

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-# When we've been there

-ten thousand years

0:22:390:22:45

-# Bright shining as the sun

0:22:460:22:51

-# We've no less days

-to sing God's praise

0:22:520:22:58

-# Than when we first begun

0:22:590:23:03

-# We've no less days

-to sing God's praise

0:23:050:23:12

-# Than when we first begun #

0:23:130:23:22

-S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.

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