Cymru ar Ffilm: Cyfoeth y Graig Cymru ar Ffilm
Similar Content
Browse content similar to Cymru ar Ffilm: Cyfoeth y Graig. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
Transcript
| Line | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-A revolution took place -in 20th century Wales. | 0:00:02 | 0:00:06 | |
-In the countryside -and the big cities... | 0:00:07 | 0:00:09 | |
-..the lives of thousands -of ordinary Welsh people... | 0:00:10 | 0:00:13 | |
-..were transformed by political, -economic and technological changes. | 0:00:14 | 0:00:19 | |
-The old Welsh way of life ended -and a new one was born. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:23 | |
-Witness to it all were the BBC's -journalists and film crews. | 0:00:23 | 0:00:27 | |
-The fruits of their labour can be -seen in thousands of film cans. | 0:00:27 | 0:00:31 | |
-Many haven't been opened -since the day they were broadcast. | 0:00:31 | 0:00:35 | |
-I'm going to share some of the best -from this forgotten era. | 0:00:37 | 0:00:40 | |
-The films, the stories -and the characters... | 0:00:41 | 0:00:44 | |
-..that, between them, -record our nation's history. | 0:00:44 | 0:00:48 | |
-For centuries, the majority -of Welsh people... | 0:00:57 | 0:01:00 | |
-..were farmers and smallholders. | 0:01:00 | 0:01:02 | |
-But during the last 200 years... | 0:01:02 | 0:01:04 | |
-..thanks to the natural -riches underground... | 0:01:04 | 0:01:07 | |
-..the country was transformed -by the mining industry. | 0:01:08 | 0:01:12 | |
-Thousands flocked to work -in the mines and quarries. | 0:01:13 | 0:01:17 | |
-But oppression and unfairness -were part of the bargain. | 0:01:18 | 0:01:21 | |
-During the 20th century, -this fired an industrial crisis... | 0:01:21 | 0:01:26 | |
-..that threatened the communities -built off the back of the rock. | 0:01:26 | 0:01:31 | |
-Before the First World War... | 0:01:33 | 0:01:35 | |
-..the biggest industry -in North Wales was slate. | 0:01:35 | 0:01:38 | |
-Across Snowdonia, thousands of men -laboured in the sun and rain... | 0:01:38 | 0:01:43 | |
-..cutting the blue stone -in the quarries. | 0:01:43 | 0:01:46 | |
-But in Blaenau Ffestiniog, -the best slate was found... | 0:01:46 | 0:01:50 | |
-..beneath the ground -so it had to be mined. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:54 | |
-We'll follow some men -at their work. | 0:01:54 | 0:01:57 | |
-As we go deeper, every 100 feet or -so, we see tunnels or levels... | 0:02:00 | 0:02:06 | |
-..leading into the mountain. | 0:02:06 | 0:02:08 | |
-They climb carefully -onto the steep rock... | 0:02:19 | 0:02:22 | |
-..to the point where they'll set -the powder to blow up the rock. | 0:02:22 | 0:02:27 | |
-LOUD EXPLOSION | 0:02:43 | 0:02:45 | |
-The work of the quarryman -was hard and dangerous. | 0:02:46 | 0:02:49 | |
-The quarry was the only -major employer... | 0:02:49 | 0:02:52 | |
-..in a community such -as Blaenau Ffestiniog... | 0:02:52 | 0:02:56 | |
-..as by the former unionist -John Llewelyn recalled. | 0:02:56 | 0:02:59 | |
-The quarry owners were cruel men. | 0:02:59 | 0:03:02 | |
-They put the worker down -at all times. | 0:03:02 | 0:03:05 | |
-They took advantage of a place -like Blaenau Ffestiniog. | 0:03:05 | 0:03:10 | |
-When I left school, there was no -place to go except for the quarry. | 0:03:10 | 0:03:14 | |
-The quarries were full. | 0:03:14 | 0:03:16 | |
-They'd think nothing of sacking -a man if he opened his mouth... | 0:03:16 | 0:03:20 | |
-..because they could do -without him. | 0:03:20 | 0:03:23 | |
-The workers' response? | 0:03:24 | 0:03:26 | |
-In unity there is strength. | 0:03:27 | 0:03:28 | |
-After years of clashes -between the unions... | 0:03:30 | 0:03:33 | |
-..and the Penrhyn quarry master, -in 1900... | 0:03:34 | 0:03:37 | |
-..the Bethesda quarrymen's union -fought its most bitter battle. | 0:03:37 | 0:03:41 | |
-In November of that year, -it was warned... | 0:03:42 | 0:03:44 | |
-..the quarry would close if -the men caused further problems. | 0:03:44 | 0:03:48 | |
-Before the end of the month, -the works closed for two weeks... | 0:03:48 | 0:03:52 | |
-..to teach them a lesson. | 0:03:53 | 0:03:54 | |
-But the two weeks turned into -a long three-year strike. | 0:03:55 | 0:03:59 | |
-Bethesda was divided -by the Great Strike... | 0:03:59 | 0:04:03 | |
-..like a split in a piece of slate. | 0:04:03 | 0:04:05 | |
-Huge meetings were held in Bethesda -at the time. | 0:04:05 | 0:04:09 | |
-The atmosphere -must have been heated. | 0:04:09 | 0:04:12 | |
-Yes. Very, very heated. | 0:04:12 | 0:04:14 | |
-What was responsible for that, -Mrs Parry? | 0:04:16 | 0:04:19 | |
-Well, some went back to work -in the quarry. | 0:04:19 | 0:04:22 | |
-That's what caused the biggest -predicament here. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:27 | |
-Some did, and I don't want to -repeat what they were called. | 0:04:27 | 0:04:31 | |
-This ripped the community -in Bethesda in half. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:35 | |
-Yes. It created bad feeling -in the area at that time... | 0:04:35 | 0:04:40 | |
-..when they returned to the quarry -and left the others behind. | 0:04:40 | 0:04:45 | |
-Lord Penrhyn went to the quarry... | 0:04:46 | 0:04:50 | |
-..after the first small group -crossed the picket line. | 0:04:50 | 0:04:56 | |
-He gave every one of them -a sovereign. | 0:04:56 | 0:05:01 | |
-One of the men who had accepted -the pound... | 0:05:02 | 0:05:04 | |
-..as Lord Penrhyn -was leaving the quarry... | 0:05:05 | 0:05:07 | |
-..he said, "Hip, hip, hooray -for Lord Penrhyn". | 0:05:08 | 0:05:11 | |
-And he was given a name that -stuck for the rest of his life - | 0:05:11 | 0:05:16 | |
-Huw Hip Hip. | 0:05:16 | 0:05:17 | |
-'There is no traitor in this house' | 0:05:18 | 0:05:21 | |
-The name given to a strike breaker -was "cynffonwr". | 0:05:21 | 0:05:25 | |
-This is an englyn for a cynffonwr -in the quarry. | 0:05:26 | 0:05:30 | |
-It is a diligent tongue | 0:05:30 | 0:05:35 | |
-And a false smile | 0:05:35 | 0:05:37 | |
-That is needed | 0:05:37 | 0:05:40 | |
-To get a sum -for every bit of gossip | 0:05:40 | 0:05:43 | |
-Before passing it to the official. | 0:05:43 | 0:05:45 | |
-This is an English one. The work -of RJ Roberts, Liverpool... | 0:05:46 | 0:05:49 | |
-..but now in Tan Rallt, -Ffestiniog. | 0:05:49 | 0:05:52 | |
-A canny sort and keen is he | 0:05:52 | 0:05:54 | |
-Worry too for a tale to carry. | 0:05:54 | 0:05:58 | |
-Bosses who find him busy | 0:05:59 | 0:06:01 | |
-And poor use, this employee. | 0:06:02 | 0:06:04 | |
-In the south, workers weren't -chipping slates... | 0:06:06 | 0:06:10 | |
-..but rather digging for coal. | 0:06:10 | 0:06:12 | |
-In 1898, the miners followed -the quarrymen's example... | 0:06:12 | 0:06:16 | |
-..and formed the South Wales -Miners' Federation. | 0:06:16 | 0:06:19 | |
-The union's biggest battle came -in 1926... | 0:06:19 | 0:06:23 | |
-..when the owners insisted they -work longer hours for less pay. | 0:06:23 | 0:06:27 | |
-When the miners refused, -they were locked out of the pits. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:31 | |
-We had to fight, we weren't -asking for anything extra... | 0:06:32 | 0:06:37 | |
-..for the wages we received... | 0:06:37 | 0:06:40 | |
-..and to keep the hours -as they were. | 0:06:40 | 0:06:44 | |
-In that respect -I think our fight was fair. | 0:06:44 | 0:06:49 | |
-Britain's labour unions united -behind the miners... | 0:06:50 | 0:06:54 | |
-..calling for a country-wide -general strike... | 0:06:54 | 0:06:57 | |
-..to start on 3rd May 1926. | 0:06:58 | 0:07:00 | |
-I remember going out picketing -on the main road... | 0:07:01 | 0:07:05 | |
-..between Wrexham and Ruabon, -the A483... | 0:07:05 | 0:07:09 | |
-..to stop the lorries. | 0:07:09 | 0:07:11 | |
-There were slogans and posters -behind the drivers saying... | 0:07:11 | 0:07:17 | |
-.."Food Only", -but we'd check every lorry... | 0:07:17 | 0:07:20 | |
-..to make sure it was food. -Sometimes it was coal. | 0:07:20 | 0:07:23 | |
-They had to tip the coal away. | 0:07:23 | 0:07:26 | |
-Unity between the unions -lasted for nine days. | 0:07:28 | 0:07:32 | |
-Then the TUC turned their backs -on the miners... | 0:07:32 | 0:07:35 | |
-..and reached an agreement -with the government. | 0:07:36 | 0:07:40 | |
-The feeling was that the union -leaders had tricked the people. | 0:07:40 | 0:07:44 | |
-It split the labour movement from -top to bottom, no doubt about it. | 0:07:44 | 0:07:49 | |
-The miners remained on strike -on their own. | 0:07:51 | 0:07:55 | |
-For months, their families had no -choice but to scrape a living. | 0:07:55 | 0:08:01 | |
-As time went by... | 0:08:05 | 0:08:06 | |
-..I could see children's feet -poking out of their shoes. | 0:08:07 | 0:08:10 | |
-Their clothes were ragged. | 0:08:10 | 0:08:12 | |
-You could see where their mothers -had stitched the clothes. | 0:08:12 | 0:08:17 | |
-The only food you could get -depended on how much... | 0:08:17 | 0:08:20 | |
-..the shopkeeper would allow you -to have on tick. | 0:08:20 | 0:08:23 | |
-We set up a committee of three. | 0:08:24 | 0:08:25 | |
-There could only be three -because nobody could know... | 0:08:26 | 0:08:30 | |
-..what was going on expect for -the three committee members. | 0:08:30 | 0:08:34 | |
-The owner of this coal mine... | 0:08:36 | 0:08:39 | |
-..owned the estate in this area. | 0:08:39 | 0:08:43 | |
-He had a huge amount of land. | 0:08:44 | 0:08:46 | |
-He had fields on which -he bred cattle. | 0:08:46 | 0:08:49 | |
-On this land he grew potatoes... | 0:08:50 | 0:08:52 | |
-..turnips and kale. | 0:08:53 | 0:08:55 | |
-As a committee, -we decided we had to borrow... | 0:08:56 | 0:08:59 | |
-..some of the potatoes and kale. | 0:08:59 | 0:09:01 | |
-There was nothing for it -but to share scarce resources. | 0:09:03 | 0:09:06 | |
-They always thought about -the children... | 0:09:07 | 0:09:10 | |
-..and the pregnant women who were -expecting babies at the time. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:15 | |
-At that time, -those women suffered a lot. | 0:09:15 | 0:09:19 | |
-They also cared for the elderly. | 0:09:19 | 0:09:22 | |
-They showed a lot of kindness. | 0:09:22 | 0:09:25 | |
-The men would work up on the tips. | 0:09:25 | 0:09:28 | |
-Sometimes they'd work -in the pouring rain... | 0:09:28 | 0:09:31 | |
-..from morning until night, -collecting coal and wood... | 0:09:31 | 0:09:35 | |
-..so the old people -could have some heat. | 0:09:35 | 0:09:38 | |
-As the weeks turned into months, -some went back to work. | 0:09:39 | 0:09:43 | |
-Only one went back to work. -His name was Stiffy, and his son. | 0:09:45 | 0:09:48 | |
-The police would take him -back and forth to work. | 0:09:49 | 0:09:52 | |
-They were afraid -when they brought them down. | 0:09:52 | 0:09:55 | |
-They had a lorry, -they put them in this lorry. | 0:09:56 | 0:09:59 | |
-The men would be on the mountain -pelting the lorry... | 0:09:59 | 0:10:03 | |
-..but the next day they'd covered -the lorry in wire... | 0:10:03 | 0:10:06 | |
-..so it would get -stuck in the wire. | 0:10:06 | 0:10:08 | |
-It was like that for three weeks. | 0:10:09 | 0:10:11 | |
-About 100 went to jail. | 0:10:11 | 0:10:13 | |
-They had these truncheons -and they'd hit the children. | 0:10:14 | 0:10:17 | |
-All those who had to go -to the surgery... | 0:10:18 | 0:10:22 | |
-..the doctor had orders... | 0:10:22 | 0:10:24 | |
-.."Report everyone -that has got a head injury." | 0:10:24 | 0:10:27 | |
-He reported those who needed -stitches and they'd go to jail. | 0:10:27 | 0:10:31 | |
-Many did go to work at that time. | 0:10:31 | 0:10:35 | |
-Of course, there was a lot -of bad feeling against them. | 0:10:35 | 0:10:40 | |
-The children also suffered. | 0:10:40 | 0:10:43 | |
-But after the strike ended... | 0:10:43 | 0:10:47 | |
-..those families left the valley. | 0:10:47 | 0:10:51 | |
-By the end of the year, -the strike had been broken. | 0:10:51 | 0:10:55 | |
-The miners were forced to accept -the working conditions... | 0:10:55 | 0:10:59 | |
-..offered from the start. | 0:10:59 | 0:11:01 | |
-It was an extremely difficult time. | 0:11:01 | 0:11:05 | |
-The union had been destroyed. | 0:11:06 | 0:11:08 | |
-Thousands couldn't go back to work. | 0:11:09 | 0:11:11 | |
-There was no demand for coal -and the mines had closed down. | 0:11:11 | 0:11:15 | |
-In the mines and quarries, -Welsh workers had united... | 0:11:20 | 0:11:24 | |
-..to fight for a better life -for them and their families. | 0:11:24 | 0:11:28 | |
-But in the coming years... | 0:11:28 | 0:11:30 | |
-..they'd experience bigger -trials and battles. | 0:11:30 | 0:11:35 | |
-. | 0:11:35 | 0:11:35 | |
-Subtitles | 0:11:41 | 0:11:41 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:11:41 | 0:11:43 | |
-For centuries, the people of Wales -have earned their crust... | 0:11:47 | 0:11:51 | |
-..by mining the Earth's riches. | 0:11:51 | 0:11:53 | |
-On the banks of -the River Mawddach... | 0:11:54 | 0:11:56 | |
-..mining has been a way of life -since Roman times. | 0:11:56 | 0:11:59 | |
-Meirionnydd. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:01 | |
-It's a land of riches for the poet -and the artist. | 0:12:01 | 0:12:05 | |
-But there is another type -of treasure here. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:07 | |
-It hides deep in the darkness -of the rocks. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:11 | |
-It's a treasure many have been -hunting for years. | 0:12:11 | 0:12:14 | |
-Thousands and thousands have been -spent in an attempt to find it. | 0:12:14 | 0:12:18 | |
-The hidden treasure here is gold. | 0:12:18 | 0:12:21 | |
-At the end of the last century... | 0:12:21 | 0:12:23 | |
-..hundreds of workers toiled -in the area's mines. | 0:12:23 | 0:12:26 | |
-Now the last person left -in the Bontddu area... | 0:12:27 | 0:12:30 | |
-..with memories of the old times -is Jack Williams. | 0:12:30 | 0:12:33 | |
-Yes, there's a lot of gold -in this river. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:39 | |
-It's washed down from these -mountains over the ages. | 0:12:40 | 0:12:44 | |
-Over the thousands... | 0:12:44 | 0:12:46 | |
-..of years that have existed. | 0:12:47 | 0:12:49 | |
-It's still in the cracks -and the crevices. | 0:12:50 | 0:12:54 | |
-You'll find it down here. | 0:12:54 | 0:12:56 | |
-The gold to make wedding rings -for the Queen, her sister... | 0:12:59 | 0:13:02 | |
-..and Princess Anne -came from these seams. | 0:13:03 | 0:13:05 | |
-Oh, yes, there's plenty in this pan -to make a ring. | 0:13:07 | 0:13:11 | |
-You don't need much... | 0:13:11 | 0:13:13 | |
-..to make one. | 0:13:14 | 0:13:15 | |
-But the gold in the rivers -are just a sign. | 0:13:19 | 0:13:22 | |
-A sign of where this treasure -came from. | 0:13:22 | 0:13:25 | |
-You have to follow it underground. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:27 | |
-One of the many mines -that were opened... | 0:13:27 | 0:13:29 | |
-..in the middle of the last century -was Clogau near Bontddu. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:33 | |
-It's on Jack Williams' land. | 0:13:35 | 0:13:37 | |
-He, his father and his -grandfather worked there. | 0:13:37 | 0:13:40 | |
-Jack's memories are used -by the poet WD Williams. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:44 | |
-Crows sleeping in what was once -great, that's how I see it now. | 0:13:45 | 0:13:50 | |
-You wouldn't have said that -at the start of the century. | 0:13:50 | 0:13:55 | |
-At the start of the 20th century... | 0:13:55 | 0:13:57 | |
-..between 200 and 300 men -worked underground at Clogau... | 0:13:58 | 0:14:02 | |
-..earning pennies for bringing -the treasure to the surface. | 0:14:02 | 0:14:06 | |
-It was a bit of a temptation, -unfortunately. | 0:14:06 | 0:14:09 | |
-Gold at that time -was 4.00 an ounce. | 0:14:09 | 0:14:12 | |
-You'd only need a thimble-full to -be able to buy four pairs of shoes. | 0:14:12 | 0:14:17 | |
-You had to be a Christian -not to be tempted. | 0:14:17 | 0:14:19 | |
-Yes, you did. | 0:14:20 | 0:14:21 | |
-Yes, you did. - -When shoes cost a pound. | 0:14:21 | 0:14:22 | |
-No man could live here for more -than 30 years... | 0:14:25 | 0:14:29 | |
-..without the romance of gold -seeping into his soul. | 0:14:29 | 0:14:33 | |
-The tradition then was to stay -in the local farmhouses... | 0:14:33 | 0:14:38 | |
-..in the areas of Bontddu -and Cwm Hirgwm here. | 0:14:39 | 0:14:42 | |
-When they stayed in the houses, -after living there for a while... | 0:14:42 | 0:14:47 | |
-..they'd fall in love -with the maids. | 0:14:47 | 0:14:49 | |
-They'd get married and live here... | 0:14:49 | 0:14:52 | |
-..just as WJ Griffith -described the quarryman. | 0:14:52 | 0:14:55 | |
-"He loved the girl from the hills | 0:14:55 | 0:14:58 | |
-"And he raised the giants -of the hills on his knee". | 0:14:58 | 0:15:03 | |
-Not many of the old workers -live here... | 0:15:03 | 0:15:06 | |
-..but their children are still here -and keep the traditions alive. | 0:15:06 | 0:15:11 | |
-# He sang in the choir -and won an award | 0:15:14 | 0:15:19 | |
-# He knew he had to travel -the hard path | 0:15:20 | 0:15:23 | |
-# He loved the girl from the hills | 0:15:23 | 0:15:26 | |
-"And he raised the giants -of the hills on his knee". | 0:15:26 | 0:15:30 | |
-Time after time -in Wales' history... | 0:15:32 | 0:15:34 | |
-..people flocked to the areas -where there was work. | 0:15:35 | 0:15:38 | |
-In North Wales, the Dinorwig quarry -was at its height... | 0:15:38 | 0:15:42 | |
-..employing 3,000 workers. | 0:15:42 | 0:15:45 | |
-But after the Second World War, -the industry collapsed... | 0:15:45 | 0:15:49 | |
-..thanks to cheap slate -from the Continent... | 0:15:49 | 0:15:52 | |
-..and the popularity -of new tiled roofs. | 0:15:52 | 0:15:55 | |
-In 1969, a BBC film crew recorded -the end of Wales' largest quarry. | 0:15:57 | 0:16:03 | |
-In a mountain in Snowdonia -there was a quarry. | 0:16:05 | 0:16:08 | |
-In the depths of Elidir Fawr -was Dinorwig. | 0:16:08 | 0:16:11 | |
-They said it was the -world's biggest quarry. | 0:16:11 | 0:16:14 | |
-It was so big, a person -could go for a walk... | 0:16:24 | 0:16:27 | |
-..from Egypt, through Abyssinia -to California... | 0:16:27 | 0:16:31 | |
-..calling on Matilda -as they went by... | 0:16:31 | 0:16:34 | |
-..and all that without -leaving the quarry. | 0:16:34 | 0:16:36 | |
-A huge quarry with grand names -to its galleries. | 0:16:37 | 0:16:40 | |
-Apart from the Matilda gallery -and the countries... | 0:16:40 | 0:16:43 | |
-..50 galleries, levels and sinks -were worked on at the same time. | 0:16:43 | 0:16:48 | |
-They stretched from the banks of -Llyn Peris to the summit of Elidir. | 0:16:48 | 0:16:52 | |
-But that's a bygone age -when men were boys. | 0:16:55 | 0:16:59 | |
-Today, no track is open -for Wil Bach and his sons. | 0:16:59 | 0:17:04 | |
-Not even the one that went straight -into the belly of the quarry. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:08 | |
-It's been ta-ta to everything -in Dinorwig for about a month. | 0:17:09 | 0:17:13 | |
-Nobody on the mountain was older -than William Williams. | 0:17:14 | 0:17:18 | |
-Over the years, he was the gaffer. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:20 | |
-He led his sons through a tunnel -at the bottom of the quarry... | 0:17:20 | 0:17:24 | |
-..to the hole. | 0:17:24 | 0:17:26 | |
-I wouldn't go to the quarry now. | 0:17:29 | 0:17:32 | |
-I'd look for -a better suited job now. | 0:17:32 | 0:17:35 | |
-The only reason I came here was -there was nowhere else to go. | 0:17:35 | 0:17:40 | |
-There was only the quarry. | 0:17:40 | 0:17:42 | |
-About 35 of us came to the quarry -together as young boys. | 0:17:42 | 0:17:46 | |
-# Our boys | 0:17:46 | 0:17:48 | |
-# Our boys | 0:17:48 | 0:17:50 | |
-# The square isn't big enough -for our boys | 0:17:50 | 0:17:54 | |
-# The English have failed | 0:17:54 | 0:17:57 | |
-# To break the hearts of Welsh boys | 0:17:57 | 0:18:01 | |
-# The square isn't big enough -for our boys. # | 0:18:01 | 0:18:06 | |
-Between the start of the Second -World War and the 1970s... | 0:18:07 | 0:18:11 | |
-..the number of Welsh quarrymen -had fallen from 7,000 to 1,000. | 0:18:11 | 0:18:15 | |
-# The English have failed | 0:18:15 | 0:18:18 | |
-# To break the hearts -of Welsh boys... # | 0:18:18 | 0:18:22 | |
-The history of how many ordinary -and poor Welsh people... | 0:18:22 | 0:18:26 | |
-..lies under this heap? | 0:18:26 | 0:18:29 | |
-These are the slabs -that were rejected. | 0:18:29 | 0:18:32 | |
-Hands and eyes have examined -every slab in its time... | 0:18:32 | 0:18:36 | |
-..before rejecting it. | 0:18:36 | 0:18:38 | |
-There is no longer a battle -with the mountain here... | 0:18:38 | 0:18:41 | |
-..but rather a game -of hide and seek. | 0:18:42 | 0:18:44 | |
-The men didn't return here -in their dozens... | 0:18:44 | 0:18:48 | |
-..at the sounding of the horn, but -one by one at the break of dawn. | 0:18:48 | 0:18:53 | |
-They haven't come here to rip -from the rock... | 0:18:53 | 0:18:56 | |
-..but to scratch the dry bones... | 0:18:56 | 0:19:00 | |
-..from what once was. | 0:19:00 | 0:19:02 | |
-How many used to work here, -Dafydd Roberts? | 0:19:02 | 0:19:05 | |
-There were 400 back in 1933. | 0:19:06 | 0:19:08 | |
-How many are here now? | 0:19:08 | 0:19:09 | |
-How many are here now? - -Four. | 0:19:09 | 0:19:10 | |
-One family like hens scratching on -the surface. What do you do here? | 0:19:11 | 0:19:14 | |
-Just looking for something -that was left behind. | 0:19:15 | 0:19:18 | |
-Just like this. | 0:19:18 | 0:19:20 | |
-We can use this. Whatever we need, -we get it from this heap. | 0:19:21 | 0:19:26 | |
-Like these damp course slates. | 0:19:26 | 0:19:28 | |
-They go into the foundations -to stop the damp from rising. | 0:19:29 | 0:19:34 | |
-Here's one of the boys working. | 0:19:34 | 0:19:37 | |
-Aren't you frightened here -sometimes? | 0:19:37 | 0:19:40 | |
-Are there any ghosts -of old quarrymen here? | 0:19:40 | 0:19:43 | |
-There aren't, but there are some -as well, if you see. | 0:19:44 | 0:19:47 | |
-You get a feeling and then you -find something in the rubble... | 0:19:47 | 0:19:51 | |
-..that's been thrown away -or left behind. | 0:19:51 | 0:19:54 | |
-Then you start to think who was he -and what kind of person was he? | 0:19:54 | 0:19:58 | |
-But nothing's been left underneath -these slates? | 0:19:58 | 0:20:01 | |
-You'd be surprised. A horseshoe -or some leather from a shoe. | 0:20:01 | 0:20:05 | |
-I'll tell you what else is there, -lots of clay pipes. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:08 | |
-A few slates with writing on it... | 0:20:08 | 0:20:11 | |
-..or a name on another. | 0:20:11 | 0:20:14 | |
-I found a piece of slate before -with my grandfather's name on it. | 0:20:14 | 0:20:18 | |
-The date was October 1850. | 0:20:18 | 0:20:21 | |
-He was killed here -some 20 years later. | 0:20:21 | 0:20:25 | |
-This morning, this lorry was -supposed to be here first thing. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:31 | |
-It didn't arrive until midday. | 0:20:33 | 0:20:35 | |
-Do you know where it had been? | 0:20:37 | 0:20:39 | |
-Carrying slate -from Liverpool docks... | 0:20:39 | 0:20:42 | |
-..to the Nantlle Valley. | 0:20:42 | 0:20:44 | |
-Slate from where? | 0:20:44 | 0:20:46 | |
-Slate from Italy. | 0:20:47 | 0:20:49 | |
-Good night. | 0:20:49 | 0:20:51 | |
-Cheap imports had also reduced -the demand for Welsh coal. | 0:20:52 | 0:20:56 | |
-It was the death knell -for an industry... | 0:20:56 | 0:20:59 | |
-..that had been an integral part -of life in South Wales. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:02 | |
-The pits were built. -People came to work in them. | 0:21:03 | 0:21:06 | |
-Houses were built within striking -distance to the mines. | 0:21:06 | 0:21:09 | |
-Communities flourished between -the men who worked together... | 0:21:09 | 0:21:13 | |
-..and their wives who were at home -trying to make ends meet. | 0:21:13 | 0:21:17 | |
-Then, the demand for coal stopped. | 0:21:18 | 0:21:21 | |
-Gas and oil replaced it. | 0:21:21 | 0:21:23 | |
-There were protests, threats, -demonstrations and promises... | 0:21:24 | 0:21:29 | |
-..but one after the other -the mines closed. | 0:21:29 | 0:21:32 | |
-Behind me is the Rhondda Valley. | 0:21:32 | 0:21:36 | |
-At the turn of the century, -just in this valley... | 0:21:36 | 0:21:40 | |
-..69% of the men -worked underground. | 0:21:40 | 0:21:44 | |
-40,000 earned their daily crust -by mining the coal... | 0:21:44 | 0:21:48 | |
-..in 40 mines. | 0:21:48 | 0:21:50 | |
-This was just one valley. | 0:21:50 | 0:21:52 | |
-Apart from this one, -you had the Swansea Valley... | 0:21:52 | 0:21:55 | |
-..the Ogmore Vale, Cwmamman -and the Vale of Neath. | 0:21:56 | 0:21:59 | |
-In North Wales, -you had Rhos in Wrexham... | 0:21:59 | 0:22:02 | |
-..and Point of Ayr in Flintshire -as well as many other pits. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:05 | |
-The way these people earned their -wages was a national romance. | 0:22:06 | 0:22:10 | |
-But the last chapter of that -romance was announced today. | 0:22:11 | 0:22:14 | |
-At the end of 1966... | 0:22:17 | 0:22:20 | |
-..the Clydach Vale colliery -in the Rhondda Vale closed. | 0:22:20 | 0:22:23 | |
-It was a union stronghold. | 0:22:24 | 0:22:27 | |
-Two years earlier a huge explosion -had killed 31 miners here. | 0:22:27 | 0:22:32 | |
-It is very serious. | 0:22:33 | 0:22:36 | |
-Look around you. | 0:22:36 | 0:22:39 | |
-All these houses and the families -that live in them. | 0:22:39 | 0:22:44 | |
-What's here for them? | 0:22:44 | 0:22:47 | |
-Clydach Vale without a colliery. | 0:22:47 | 0:22:49 | |
-Clydach Vale without -thousands of workers... | 0:22:49 | 0:22:52 | |
-..walking these roads -day and night. | 0:22:53 | 0:22:57 | |
-What about the future? | 0:22:59 | 0:23:01 | |
-Where can you have another -industry? | 0:23:01 | 0:23:04 | |
-No other industry came to replace -the mines and the quarries. | 0:23:07 | 0:23:12 | |
-But what's still alive -in the land... | 0:23:12 | 0:23:15 | |
-..is the community and -cooperative spirit... | 0:23:15 | 0:23:19 | |
-..that was shaped in the depths -of the ground... | 0:23:19 | 0:23:22 | |
-..and in the shadow of the rock. | 0:23:22 | 0:23:24 | |
-S4C subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd | 0:23:48 | 0:23:50 | |
-. | 0:23:50 | 0:23:51 |