Cymru ar Ffilm: Parchusrwydd/Pechod Cymru ar Ffilm


Cymru ar Ffilm: Parchusrwydd/Pechod

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-A revolution took place

-in 20th century Wales.

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-In the countryside

-and the big cities...

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-..the lives of thousands

-of ordinary people...

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-..were transformed by political,

-economic and technological changes.

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-The old Welsh way of life ended

-and a new one was born.

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-Witness to it all were the BBC's

-journalists and film crews.

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-The fruits of their labours can be

-seen in thousands of film cans.

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-Many of them haven't been opened

-since the day they were broadcast.

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-I'm going to share some of the best

-from this forgotten era.

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-The films, the stories

-and the characters...

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-..that, between them,

-record our nation's history.

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-At the turn of the 20th century,

-in the eyes of Welsh society...

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-..being respectable was almost more

-important than anything else.

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-The communities' moral policemen...

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-..were sure of their place

-in chapel on a Sunday.

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-But as the decades past,

-religion's hold slackened...

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-..as a new generation

-challenged the moral boundaries.

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-# The man next to Jacob's well

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-# Who previously sat down... #

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-Nonconformity reached its height

-in Wales in 1904.

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-The country was shaken

-by a revival.

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-It all started in Ceredigion...

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-..as crowds of people flocked to

-listen to charismatic preachers...

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-..and lost themselves

-in spiritual experiences.

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-A handsome theology student

-called Evan Roberts...

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-..attended one of these in

-Blaenannerch near Cardigan.

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-During the prayer meeting...

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-..he had an experience

-which changed his life.

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-I heard a noise.

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-There was a commotion

-in the seat over there...

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-..where Evan Roberts was sitting...

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-..along with others near him.

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-I was unhappy

-with all the noise.

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-I opened my eyes to see

-what it was...

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-..and to my surprise I saw

-Evan Roberts lying on the floor.

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-Mona Davies, New Quay,

-and others...

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-..were wiping the sweat

-that was pouring out of him.

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-Evan Roberts answered the call...

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-..that came from God

-for him to go out around Wales...

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-..to spread the eternal gospel.

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-Evan Roberts returned to the

-area of his birth, Loughor...

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-..convinced that the Holy Spirit

-had directed him...

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-..to spread the gospel

-among young people.

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-After a week of meetings

-when dozens of people...

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-..confessed their sins, he held a

-special service on the Sunday...

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-..as remembered by his

-sister, Mrs Sidney Evans.

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-It was obvious to everyone he had

-experienced something profound.

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-Evan asked everyone who had

-confessed to the Lord Jesus...

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-..during the week to stay behind.

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-The doors were closed...

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-..and Evan gave us a prayer

-to pray.

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-Oh, send the Holy Spirit now

-for the good of Jesus Christ.

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-Before half the congregation

-had finished the prayer...

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-..the place was ablaze.

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-People were moaning under

-the burden of their sins.

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-They confessed

-and one or two shouted...

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-.."Stay your hand, Jesus,

-I can't hold any longer."

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-The heavenly fires

-grasped the hearts...

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-..of hundreds of young

-Welsh people...

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-..as the Revival swept

-through the country.

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-Without doubt, one of the

-most effective ways...

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-..of spreading the Revival

-was in the press...

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-..especially in the Western Mail

-in the south.

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-# But the one who was crucified

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-# On Calvary... #

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-Another element that spread

-the divine word was the singers.

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-Annie Davies was 17 years old when

-she went to Pontycymer one day...

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-..in November 1904.

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-What was Pontycymer like that day?

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-The roads were packed

-with people...

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-..from the station to the chapel.

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-I had quite a job getting in

-myself.

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-But you managed to get inside?

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-Yes, in two hours.

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-What happened in the chapel?

-What was it like?

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-It had reached boiling point.

-Everyone was singing and praying.

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-Did anything happen to you?

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-In the silence...

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-..I felt I had to sing.

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-Dyma Gariad Fel Y Moroedd.

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-After you sang

-Dyma Gariad Fel Y Moroedd...

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-..what happened before the end

-of the meeting?

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-Evan Roberts came up to me

-and asked me...

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-..he told me I had to join him

-on the mission.

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-And you went?

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-And you went?

-

-Yes. I left everything.

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-I didn't even go home.

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-How long were you with him?

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-A year.

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-A year.

-

-A whole year?

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-This is the testimony of a man

-who was saved in 1904...

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-..with the divine fire

-burning in his heart.

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-As I told you, I was exactly

-like John Bunyan...

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-..being weighed down by guilt.

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-He had shown me the depths of

-the corruption in my nature.

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-I didn't lead a bad life.

-I was very religious.

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-The danger was being self-righteous

-and a Pharisee.

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-There was no real experience

-of conversion...

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-..or a definite internal change

-in my heart.

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-When did this conversion

-take place?

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-God worked slowly in the meetings

-I attended.

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-But in Llandrindod Wells

-the light dawned on my soul.

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-In that verse,

-God is in Christ...

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-..that God was reconciling

-the world to himself...

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-..not holding people's

-sins against them.

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-When I heard that I said, "What?

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-"God reconciles himself?

-He reconciles me too."

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-"Yes", I was told.

-"Thank you", I said.

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-I left that meeting

-with a lightness of spirit.

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-I didn't touch the ground.

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-I've told you,

-I've never doubted that.

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-Never. That stayed with me.

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-I've stumbled along the journey

-and been disobedient...

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-..but that has stayed with me

-to this day.

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-# I wandered on

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-# In the darkness... #

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-The 1904 Revival inspired Welsh

-chapel-goers for many years.

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-But such numbers were never seen

-again in the houses of worship.

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-The religious influence

-of the establishment faded...

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-..during the 20th century and

-the people of Wales embraced...

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-..a more materialistic

-and commercial way of life.

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-During the '60s, the Sabbath

-became a symbolic battlefield...

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-..in the war between the chapel's

-spiritual tradition...

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-..and the material temptation

-of the pub.

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-In a referendum held in 1961...

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-..the people of five eastern

-counties voted in favour...

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-..of Sunday opening.

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-Seven years later,

-another referendum was held.

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-Ministers were determined

-to fight...

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-..to defend the sanctity

-of the Sabbath.

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-Drunkenness and alcohol problems

-are bigger than ever these days...

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-..especially among young people.

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-The Sunday opening of pubs

-won't help that situation.

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-We need to appeal to the

-non-conformist conscience.

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-We have traditions.

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-We are a country, we have a

-language and traditions...

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-..and we're determined to keep

-Wales' Sabbath traditions.

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-We have to oppose it.

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-We have to do all we can to stop it

-destroying our country...

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-..and making us similar

-to other countries.

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-For some, Welshness itself

-was being threatened.

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-Some of the tavern's ardent users

-acknowledged that.

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-# I am not an abstainer

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-# And I shout at the top

-of my voice

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-# The door of the tavern

-shouldn't open on a Sunday

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-# To please the English

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-# Attracting that kind of visitor

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-# To Wales won't do any good

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-# The money will only go to

-the beer and petrol industries

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-# Several old Christians

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-# Walking in the ditch

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-# To make room for the Teddy Boys'

-fathers to pass

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-# If they come here

-for their health

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-# To the hills of gentle Wales

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-# It's not in a bottle or a pint

-you will see a country's beauty. #

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-The leader of the campaign

-for Sunday opening...

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-..was David Baird-Murray, who

-calls the situation hypocritical.

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-There's already Sunday opening

-throughout Wales.

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-Every county in Wales

-is open on a Sunday.

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-The clubs are open

-throughout Wales.

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-The only place which is shut

-on a Sunday is the pub.

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-Denbighshire, Montgomeryshire

-and Pembrokeshire said yes...

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-..in the 1968 referendum.

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-Three years later,

-in a third referendum...

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-..three other areas joined them,

-including Dinefwr.

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-But not everyone welcomed

-the decision.

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-It seems the vote in Dinefwr

-has been as much of a shock...

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-..to Ammanford's landlords

-as it was to everyone else.

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-Before, if you wanted a pint

-on a Sunday...

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-..you had 18 clubs to choose from

-within a mile of the town square.

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-There you had cheap beer, bingo

-and an act to listen to.

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-But now the pubs are also open.

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-Several landlords in Ammanford

-aren't happy about that...

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-..such as Mr and Mrs Emrys Jones

-who run The Telegraph Hotel...

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-..on the high street,

-who are chapel-goers.

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-They opened their doors last Sunday

-and served four customers.

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-And yesterday, there were only

-four again.

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-The brewery isn't insisting

-the Joneses open...

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-..but they have suggested

-they try it for a week or two.

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-Are you surprised the vote in

-Dinefwr went the way it did?

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-Yes, I was very disappointed,

-as was Emrys.

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-I've noticed you only have a few

-customers here on a Sunday.

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-Only three or four.

-Has that surprised you?

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-Yes, I was disappointed

-last Sunday.

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-You expected more?

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-Yes.

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-But I didn't expect more to come

-on Sunday night...

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-..because most of the boys,

-I call them boys...

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-..go to the club, naturally.

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-There's entertainment there.

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-And Ammanford's clubs

-are as busy as ever.

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-The Pick and Shovel's car park

-was full...

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-..and 200 people were inside

-playing bingo.

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-It was the same in the town's other

-17 clubs while the pubs are quiet.

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-During the '70s,

-a new threat appeared...

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-..to challenge the

-old Welsh way of life.

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-A more shocking moral challenge

-than drinking on a Sunday.

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-.

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-By the '70s the social changes

-that started a decade earlier...

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-..seeped into every area of Wales.

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-Moral conventions were challenged

-by a new generation...

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-..that yearned for a more

-open attitude towards...

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-..pleasures of the flesh.

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-But enough was enough for

-Aberystwyth Town Council.

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-In 1972, they banned the town's

-cinemas from showing the film...

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-..Last Tango in Paris

-because of its raw portrayal...

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-..of a sexual relationship.

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-If you have an interest

-in X Rated films...

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-..don't let members of Aberystwyth

-Town Council find out.

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-As well as refusing to allow

-one film to be shown here...

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-..they have also asked the

-Festival of Light for advice...

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-..about what they should do

-in future.

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-Mary Whitehouse herself has said

-it's wonderful to see...

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-..such an enlightened example

-coming from Wales.

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-So in Aberystwyth you have to be

-vigilant, to say the least.

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-It's a huge disappointment.

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-It's obvious that the council

-and the Festival of Light think...

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-..people here can't think

-for themselves.

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-The council can now tell us what

-to watch and what not to watch.

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-We need to think for ourselves more

-and that will help people here.

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-Would you go and watch an X Rated

-film in Aberystwyth?

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-No, not because they're X Rated

-in themselves.

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-I've got better things to do

-than watch such films.

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-What kind of films do you watch?

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-Those which are known

-as being well-made films.

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-I don't believe in spending

-three hours...

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-..watching something sordid

-like Last Tango.

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-I support them in this case

-because...

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-..I feel there was no need for

-this kind of film to be made.

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-It shows a deterioration...

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-..of the man and the young woman.

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-Marlon Brando himself said,

-and he was in the film...

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-..he felt...

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-..manipulated and never took part

-in such a film again.

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-While Aberystwyth councillors

-worried about...

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-..their voters' moral health...

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-..staff at Cardiff's Whitchurch

-Psychiatric Hospital...

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-..worried about the effects of

-drink and drugs on young people.

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-Why do you think more young people

-suffer from alcoholism these days?

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-Well, I think young people

-these days...

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-..think that life has become

-more difficult.

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-They're looking for kicks.

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-Can the family help them

-and are families helping enough?

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-I don't think families

-are doing enough.

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-These young people don't think

-their parents understand them...

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-..and they don't understand

-their parents and don't want to.

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-Do you know how many people in

-Wales suffer from alcoholism?

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-Our estimate is one in a hundred.

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-This means 20,000 people

-in Wales...

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-..are having problems as a result

-of alcohol.

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-Is it more of a problem among

-young people than it's been?

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-We don't see that in this area.

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-The young people

-have turned to drugs.

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-That's a bigger cause for concern

-than alcohol.

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-Despite this, some young people

-didn't seem too worried...

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-..about the danger of drugs.

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-Even in rural Carmarthen, a

-large crowd could be attracted...

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-..to listen to recommendations

-to legalize cannabis.

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-One speaker insisted that

-more and more people...

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-..realized that cannabis wasn't any

-worse than tobacco and alcohol.

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-The campaign called on the

-politicians to legalize cannabis...

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-..and there was a detailed review

-on how to control its sale.

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-One speaker said it's inevitable...

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-..that cannabis will be

-legal before long.

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-One said there were hundreds of

-cannabis smokers in Ceredigion.

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-Nobody here tonight said cannabis

-wasn't harmful.

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-I've smoked,

-I've drank a pint in a pub...

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-..just like thousands of other

-people in the country.

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-But they don't sit...

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-They aren't the ones lying in bed

-and there's a commotion downstairs.

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-You can hear noise.

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-The next minute a policeman

-opens your bedroom door.

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-Your bedroom! Where else can you

-be completely safe?

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-You're not doing anything

-to anyone.

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-The fact they can

-come into your house...

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-..and can do whatever they like

-to you in your house.

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-They can't do that if you're

-watching TV with a glass of Scotch.

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-As a younger generation

-experimented with drugs...

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-..the Welsh countryside

-became a magnet...

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-..for people who wanted to turn

-their backs on urban life...

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-..and expand their minds.

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-In the mid '70s,

-a plan was hatched to turn...

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-..a quiet corner of Mid Wales

-into one of the world's...

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-..largest drugs capitals.

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-On 14th April 1975, a serious

-accident occurred on this bend.

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-A Range Rover travelling from

-Machynlleth to Aberystwyth...

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-..failed to take this corner

-and crashed into a car.

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-A minister's wife travelling

-in the car was killed.

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-The Range Rover's driver,

-Richard Kemp, a young chemist...

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-..faced serious charges

-as a result of the accident.

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-When the police searched

-the Range Rover...

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-..they found a piece of paper

-which had Hydrazeme Hydrate...

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-..written on it -

-the key chemical when making LSD.

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-That accidental discovery was the

-police's first big important clue.

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-It was the beginning of the end

-for the biggest drugs plot...

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-..this country has ever seen.

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-Richard Kemp was making his way

-back home to Penlleinau...

0:19:200:19:23

-..a remote house near Tregaron.

0:19:230:19:26

-With him in the car was his

-girlfriend, Dr Christine Bott.

0:19:260:19:29

-Both led a quiet life

-as husband and wife.

0:19:300:19:33

-Despite not living in luxury

-in Penlleinau...

0:19:330:19:36

-.they holidayed

-in exotic locations...

0:19:360:19:39

-..and had thousands of pounds

-in a Swiss bank.

0:19:390:19:43

-Kemp and Bott were part of a huge

-business supplying LSD...

0:19:430:19:47

-..across Europe.

0:19:470:19:50

-But the LSD factory

-wasn't in Penlleinau.

0:19:500:19:53

-For those who travel from north

-to south through Mid Wales...

0:19:530:19:57

-..you have passed Plas Llysin

-dozens of times.

0:19:580:20:00

-It's on the outskirts of Carno

-on the main road.

0:20:010:20:04

-Plas Llysin has 27 rooms, but

-the only use made of the house...

0:20:040:20:08

-..was to erect a tent

-in the hallway to live in.

0:20:090:20:12

-In the cellar, they built

-sophisticated equipment...

0:20:120:20:16

-..to produce the purest LSD

-in the world.

0:20:160:20:19

-During the months Kemp produced

-the drugs here...

0:20:190:20:23

-..he and his friends were under

-the influence of those drugs.

0:20:230:20:26

-The LSD was sent to London and

-other distribution centres...

0:20:260:20:30

-..in Europe.

0:20:310:20:32

-Half of the world's supply of LSD

-was made in this cellar.

0:20:320:20:36

-While Plas Llysin

-saw a lot of activity...

0:20:360:20:39

-..other people were busy working -

-the police.

0:20:400:20:43

-At the end of 1975,

-a taskforce was formed...

0:20:450:20:49

-..made up of 26 of the best

-detectives from 11 British forces.

0:20:500:20:54

-Some of them kept a close eye

-on Plas Llysin.

0:20:550:20:57

-I was staying in a caravan.

0:20:580:21:01

-We carried out surveillance

-through a gap in the curtain.

0:21:010:21:05

-To be honest, Terry Stokes and I

-were responsible...

0:21:060:21:09

-..for finding the first lead.

0:21:090:21:11

-We entered the cellar in Carno

-in the middle of the night...

0:21:130:21:18

-..and took a handful of mud

-from the drains in the cellar.

0:21:190:21:24

-It was sent off to the laboratory

-in Aldermaston.

0:21:240:21:28

-We had some news in a few days

-that the mud contained LSD.

0:21:290:21:34

-While this was going on...

0:21:350:21:36

-..another team of detectives

-was watching Penlleinau.

0:21:370:21:40

-They lived in cottages and spent

-hours on the hill opposite...

0:21:400:21:44

-..recording every movement.

0:21:440:21:46

-This went on for a year...

0:21:470:21:48

-..with detectives crossing over

-to France for evidence.

0:21:490:21:52

-On March 26th last year,

-the decision was made to act.

0:21:520:21:55

-At five o'clock in the morning,

-800 police officers...

0:21:560:21:59

-..raided 80 houses across Britain,

-including Penlleinau.

0:21:590:22:03

-In the middle of a pile of manure

-they found a million LSD tablets.

0:22:030:22:09

-By the end of 1977,

-the main conspirators...

0:22:090:22:12

-..were all in jail awaiting trial.

0:22:120:22:15

-It was in jail

-that the main characters...

0:22:150:22:18

-..started talking to the police.

0:22:180:22:20

-As a result, the police came back

-to Penlleinau...

0:22:200:22:24

-..on 1st December 1977.

0:22:240:22:27

-They dug up every inch of ground

-in Penlleinau.

0:22:280:22:31

-Under the cement and the tiles...

0:22:310:22:34

-..a plastic bucket was discovered.

0:22:350:22:37

-In the plastic bucket were three

-jars containing pure LSD.

0:22:370:22:42

-It had a street value

-of 14 million.

0:22:440:22:49

-We've all done a valuable job.

0:22:500:22:53

-I hope that the public...

0:22:530:22:56

-..will understand

-we've done a good job.

0:22:570:23:00

-I'm sure of one thing.

0:23:000:23:02

-The young people of Britain, if not

-the young people of the world...

0:23:030:23:07

-..will be grateful

-we've done what we've done.

0:23:070:23:11

-Despite all the police's efforts,

-the cat was out of the bag.

0:23:140:23:18

-Where once young people yearned

-for religious enlightenment...

0:23:180:23:23

-..a new generation in Wales

-wanted a chemical thrill.

0:23:230:23:28

-In less than a century,

-Wales had shaken off its image...

0:23:280:23:32

-..as the land of the white gloves

-for ever.

0:23:320:23:36

-# Going to Bala on the banana boat

0:23:380:23:40

-# Get there by a quarter to three

0:23:400:23:43

-# Going to Bala on the banana boat

0:23:440:23:47

-# Geraint, Heather,

-Lisa and me... #

0:23:470:23:50

-S4C subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd

0:23:560:23:58

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0:23:580:23:59

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