Gwen John Mamwlad


Gwen John

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-The world's best paintings are

-displayed at London's Tate Gallery.

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-In their midst, there's a collection

-of works by a Welsh artist.

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-In the past, we thought of Gwen John

-as Augustus John's sister.

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-However, Gwen John

-was an important artist.

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-Her work was put on display

-following her death...

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-..and it was an eye-opener

-for the art world in London.

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-Since then, the value of her work

-has kept going up.

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-Life wasn't always easy for Gwen.

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-She once earned a living by

-modelling for the sculptor, Rodin.

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-When she met Rodin

-for the first time...

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-..she would have been drawn into

-a very strange world.

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-I'd say that it was a little erotic.

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-Her later life is a mystery.

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-Her family don't even know

-where she was buried.

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-I'd feel very grateful if we could

-finalize her resting place...

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-..with a very simple

-memorial plaque.

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-Even in death,

-Gwen John remained an enigma.

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-Today, she is considered one of

-the 20th century's leading artists.

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-Early in September 1939,

-this platform in Northern France...

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-..was awash with panic

-at the start of the war.

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-Amidst the frenzy, was a slender,

-middle-aged Welsh woman.

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-She became a world-famous artist...

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-..but on that day in Dieppe,

-Gwen John was unknown and alone.

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-On that day, we're not sure if Gwen

-was escaping from the war in Paris.

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-However, she didn't reach

-the end of her journey.

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-She fell ill at the station...

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-..and died a few days later

-at a nearby hospital run by nuns.

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-Family and friends

-didn't attend her funeral...

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-..and her final days

-are still a mystery.

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-This journey to Dieppe is a chance

-to discover exactly what happened.

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-Gwen John was a Pembrokeshire girl.

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-After her mother's sudden death,

-when Gwen was only eight...

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-..the family moved

-from Haverfordwest to Tenby.

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-The letters that she received

-from her family...

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-..and those she wrote to her friend,

-Ursula Tyrwhitt...

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-..suggest that she had

-a difficult childhood.

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-The atmosphere and relationship...

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-..between Gwen and her father

-was rather cold and difficult.

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-Gwen wasn't formally educated

-like her brother.

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-However, she did indulge

-in her passion for painting.

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-Gwen left Tenby

-against her father's wishes.

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-She followed her brother, Augustus,

-to the Slade School of Fine Art.

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-It was the school's golden age.

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-The same education

-was offered to men and women.

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-Gwen was in her element.

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-Education at Slade

-was quite classic.

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-They would draw in the Antique Room.

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-At Slade, it was important

-to follow life drawing classes.

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-Men and women would attend

-life drawing classes...

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-..in separate classrooms.

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-It was also common for students

-to work as models.

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-With the exception of her study

-of Michelangelo's work...

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-..we only have one painting

-from Gwen's time at Slade.

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-It depicts her friends

-with her brother, Augustus.

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-It was thought that Gwen John

-was more talented than Augustus.

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-In her final term...

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-..Gwen won the Melville Nettleship

-Prize for figure composition...

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-..thanks to her love

-of life drawing.

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-Was it difficult for women

-to become professional artists?

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-At the time, it was unusual to see

-a professional female artist...

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-..as they often opted

-for marriage or teaching.

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-However, she was adamant that she

-would become a professional artist.

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-After graduating from Slade...

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-..Gwen came to Paris to study with

-Whistler at the Academie Carmen.

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-She moved to Montparnasse...

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-..with Gwen Salmond

-and Ida Nettleship.

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-At the time, the city was a Mecca

-for young European artists.

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-They flocked here to make contacts

-and study with the masters.

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-In that era, it was unusual

-for a small town girl...

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-..to escape to somewhere like Paris

-and live on her own.

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-However,

-we must put this into context.

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-It was widely known

-to women of the era...

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-..that Paris was a place where

-women could live independently.

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-They could progress in their careers

-as artists or litterateurs.

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-Women flocked to Paris

-to live freely.

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-Gwen received a fantastic education

-at Slade.

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-However,

-once Gwen had settled in Paris...

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-..we started to see

-a gradual change in her work.

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-She started to respond

-to the works of other artists...

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-..such as Chagall

-and Le Douanier Rousseau...

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-..who were very influential in Paris

-between the two wars.

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-Gwen's self portrait from the era

-gives us a glimpse of her character.

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-It shows her eagerness

-to be taken seriously as an artist.

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-We see a character

-that's quite deep and serious.

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-There's a focus on the face

-whilst the background is plain.

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-There's a strong light

-illuminating the face.

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-It's important to look

-at her presentation.

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-She's wearing clothes

-that were decades out of fashion.

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-She was eccentric and artistic and

-would dress herself in this way...

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-..to display herself

-as an educated individual.

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-She was a new woman

-or a thinking woman.

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-In Paris, Gwen met artistic greats

-including Picasso and Matisse.

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-It was an exciting place

-for young artists...

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-..but a meeting with a famous

-European artist changed her life.

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-Gwen had to sustain herself

-financially...

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-..and it was common practice

-to model for the era's artists.

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-Her brother, Augustus,

-suggested that she approached...

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-..the world-famous sculptor,

-Auguste Rodin.

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-It is thought that Augustus

-encouraged her...

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-..to go and meet with the

-accomplished sculptor, Rodin.

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-She presented herself at his home

-as Gwen John, sister of Augustus.

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-She explained that she was looking

-for modelling work.

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-Augustus told her

-to consider it an honour...

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-..to be of service to Rodin.

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-Behind these walls, there were

-numerous naked women and men...

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-..who modelled for the master.

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-Some referred to the place

-as a Banquet of Buttocks!

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-Gwen John shyly entered that room

-on a spring morning in 1904.

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-She would have stood in a large room

-with dozens of other workers.

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-Most of them were naked...

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-..as Auguste Rodin specialized

-in sculpting the female form.

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-I imagine that Gwen

-would have been surprised...

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-..to see such a place...

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-..and the way in which Rodin worked.

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-When Gwen met Rodin,

-he was almost 40 years her senior...

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-..and was one of the world's

-most established artists.

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-However, did Rodin

-enrich Gwen's life as an artist?

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-Did he nurture her talent...

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-..or was she held back

-by her feelings for him?

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-Would this relationship

-shape her work and legacy?

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-The Rodin Museum in Paris is home to

-some of his greatest masterpieces.

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-His only full sculpture of Gwen John

-is prominently displayed here.

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-Rodin was 40 years older than Gwen

-but he was the love of her life.

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-She modelled for Rodin's monument

-for Whistler.

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-According to Rodin,

-Gwen had un corps admirable!

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-She was a popular model with

-an ideal physique for sculptors.

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-Initially, I suspect Gwen

-was attracted to the excitement...

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-..of being involved with the work

-of the legendary sculptor...

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-..Auguste Rodin.

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-She certainly had a physical

-and sexual attraction towards him.

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-If we think of Rodin's studio...

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-..there would have been

-several naked men and women...

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-..in a situation that could

-be deemed slightly erotic.

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-She would have been part of this.

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-At Rodin Museum's archive, there's

-proof of the pair's relationship.

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-Gwen was his mistress

-for over a decade.

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-Aujourd'hui a ete

-le plus miserable jour.

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-Dans la nuit je revais.

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-Je me sentais si solitaire.

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-Votre Marie, qui pleure maintenant.

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-In these boxes, there are

-2,000 letters from Gwen to Rodin.

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-Sometimes, she wrote to him

-several times a day.

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-She repeatedly wrote

-of her love for him.

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-We don't know if he read each letter

-but he kept them.

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-Rodin certainly made

-an impression on her.

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-He encouraged her to paint

-and thought highly of her work.

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-I believe that he managed to

-persuade her that she could paint...

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-..and that she should persevere.

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-The great thing

-about Rodin's studio...

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-..was that everyone

-was encouraged to work hard.

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-They were expected to continue

-with their own work at home.

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-He thought that by working hard,

-you would reach your potential.

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-Gwen did paint at home.

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-She created her masterpieces in her

-confined Montparnasse attic room.

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-Rodin visited Gwen in her room

-one morning each week...

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-..but she waited every morning,

-in case he arrived.

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-She'd wash and brush her hair,

-place fresh flowers on a table...

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-..and wait for the sound

-of his footsteps on the stairs...

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-..to enjoy the pleasure

-of one rare hour in his company.

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-The room was her sanctuary and the

-subject for many of her paintings.

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-Gwen John

-painted this scene several times.

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-We tend to study these paintings...

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-..and read too much

-into Gwen John's life.

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-We think of her as a hermit who was

-confined to painting in her room.

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-However, an empty room was a popular

-theme in French art during the time.

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-It's important that we study

-Gwen John's work...

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-..in the context

-of early 20th century French art.

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-Whilst Gwen lived in a small room...

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-..Rodin lived in Meudon, three miles

-from the centre of Paris...

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-..in a luxurious home with a studio

-at the bottom of the garden.

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-There's no doubt that Gwen was

-head over heels in love with Rodin.

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-She was besotted

-to the point of obsession.

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-She would come to the house

-and hide in the bushes...

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-..to see the one love of her life.

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-Gwen eventually moved from Paris

-to Meudon to be closer to Rodin.

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-Rodin wasn't the only man in Paris

-to influence Gwen.

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-The lawyer, John Quinn,

-was a modern art collector...

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-..and he became her sponsor.

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-Each year,

-he paid Gwen a sum of money...

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-..and he received

-four pieces of work in return.

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-This gave Gwen

-a sense of security...

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-..and introduced her

-to new social circles in Paris.

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-Gwen John would have attended

-dinners with John Quinn in Paris...

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-..and she talked

-to the likes of Picasso.

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-Gwen John exhibited work in many of

-the era's important exhibitions...

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-..such as an exhibition

-in New York in 1913.

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-It was one of the most important

-exhibitions in 20th century America.

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-It was called the Armory Show.

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-She also exhibited at Paris's

-prestigious, Salon d'Automne.

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-She had a public profile in Paris

-and on the international stage.

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-We challenged the artist,

-Mary Lloyd Jones...

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-..to recreate one of Gwen's works.

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-The Convalescent

-is typical of her work.

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-It depicts a girl

-sitting alone in silence.

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-Every detail has been planned...

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-..to create unity in the expression.

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-I was originally drawn

-to the colours in the painting...

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-..especially the purple colour

-with a tinge of brown.

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-These lighter colours are splendid.

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-There are warm tones

-mixed with colder blue hues.

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-I'm mostly intrigued by this pot.

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-It stands out

-due to its popping colour.

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-The technique she developed...

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-..doesn't shout out at you.

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-It's quiet but people respond to it.

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-You won't get tired of her work.

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-Augustus John

-once claimed that in 50 years...

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-..he would be known

-as Gwen John's brother.

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-I believe that he was correct.

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-Over time,

-Rodin's romance with Gwen dwindled.

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-Rodin grew distant,

-so she turned her thoughts to God...

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-..and her visits to the Meudon order

-became more frequent.

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-In 1913, she was accepted as a

-full member of the Catholic Church.

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-She would often come and sketch

-at the back of this church.

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-In a letter, she described herself

-as "God's little artist".

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-She also wanted to be a saint.

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-She loved depicting

-adults and children at church.

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-This caused a few problems...

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-..because some people thought it was

-inappropriate to draw at church.

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-However, she considered drawing...

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-..part of the worshiping process.

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-She couldn't separate the two things

-in her own mind.

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-The church was Gwen's solace...

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-..when she lost the man who had

-consumed her life for 15 years.

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-His death broke Gwen's heart and

-even made her question her sanity.

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-However, she returned to painting.

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-After her long courtship

-with Rodin...

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-..his death released her.

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-She painted regularly and staged

-a solo exhibition in London...

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-..and the National Museum of Wales

-bought one of her works.

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-By this time,

-she'd purchased land in Meudon...

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-..and hoped to convert

-a garden shed into a home.

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-However, her health deteriorated.

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-Gwen's final years were lonely.

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-She spent increasing amounts of time

-meditating and praying.

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-This cold, hut in Rue Babie

-is where she spent most of her days.

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-When workers came to fix the roof...

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-..she slept outdoors with

-no thought for her fragile health.

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-In September 1939, Gwen travelled

-by train from Paris to Dieppe.

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-She was 63 years old

-and had been ill for some time...

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-..but wouldn't admit

-the severity of her illness.

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-She hadn't contacted her friends

-for two years.

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-We don't know

-where she was going and why.

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-However, this was her final journey.

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-Gwen was seriously ill

-when she left the train at Dieppe.

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-She had nobody for company.

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-She fell on the platform

-and was rushed to hospital...

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-..where she died a few days later.

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-At her London home...

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-..Sara John, Gwen's great-niece

-and the granddaughter of Augustus...

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-..has done some research

-about her aunt's final journey.

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-She's commissioned

-a special memorial...

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-..in the hope that it will

-be placed on her grave.

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-A friend recently commented...

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-..on how discreet it was of Gwen...

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-..and how typical it was

-to die so discreetly...

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-..and not have a plaque.

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-But because of her

-extraordinary contribution...

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-..I think that it's very important

-for all of us...

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-..to have a discreet

-little plaque put there.

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-People will know and can pay

-their respects to that site...

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-..and then the whole of her history

-now is complete.

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-Gwen passed away just after

-the outbreak of World War II.

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-Cemeteries were full of the bodies

-of young soldiers.

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-Our research shows that she

-was buried in a pauper's grave...

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-..but her body was later cremated

-to make room for the soldiers.

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-However, we did find evidence

-that she was buried here...

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-..at Jan Val Dieppe cemetery.

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-The records clearly show that

-Mary John was buried in plot 446.

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-There's no age.

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-Wow!

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-I find Gwen John's work interesting

-as she's from Pembrokeshire...

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-..but also fitted into

-the French arts world.

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-She was a Welsh artist

-with international attitudes.

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-I believe that she excelled

-at portraying character...

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-..in a very confined space.

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-She was one of the most

-important artists of her time.

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-The quality of her work

-is totally incredible.

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-She managed to incorporate...

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-..many contemporary influences...

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-..but always used them

-to her own advantage.

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-Her work was certainly unique

-during the era in which she lived.

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-It is very telling...

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-..that there isn't a gravestone

-or memorial for Gwen John in Dieppe.

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-However, Sara hopes

-this will be rectified.

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-This plaque

-will commemorate Gwen John...

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-..in the country

-where she lived and worked.

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-It's the least we can do

-for such an exceptional artist...

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-..who contributed

-to 20th century art.

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-S4C Subtitles by Tinopolis

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