Episode 18 University Challenge


Episode 18

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University Challenge.

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Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

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Hello. Last time, we saw Pembroke College, Cambridge, take the first of the eight places

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in the quarter-finals.

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The next place goes to whichever team wins tonight.

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The University of York beat the Trinity Laban Conservatoire by 185 points

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to 105 in their first round match.

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They knew about cravings for food, the composition of the Chimera and the use of the guillotine

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and they were especially strong on things that are coloured green. Let's meet them.

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Hi, my name is Alex Leonhardt. I'm from South Wales

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and I'm studying for a Masters degree in Political Philosophy.

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I'm Robin Virgo from Lincolnshire and I'm studying Chemistry.

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-And their captain.

-Hi, I'm Rebecca Woods from Chester

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and I'm studying for my MA in Psycholinguistics.

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I'm Edward Haynes from Warwickshire

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and I'm studying for a PhD in Biology.

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APPLAUSE

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New College, Oxford, scored 230 points against the 145 of Homerton College, Cambridge,

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in a barnstorming performance in which they knew a lot about Greek mythology,

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Pythagoras' Theorem and the War of Jenkins' Ear.

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Just about their only Achilles heel was the career of the late Ken Russell. Let's meet them again.

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Hi, I'm Remi Beecroft from Hertfordshire

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and I'm studying Psychology and Philosophy.

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I'm India Lenon from London and I'm studying Classics.

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-Their captain.

-I'm Andy Hood from Warwickshire

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and I'm studying Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

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I'm Tom Cappleman from Berkshire and I'm studying Mathematics.

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APPLAUSE

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OK, you all know the rules by now. Here we go then. First starter for ten.

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Three prizes awarded each year for writing in different media are named after which British author

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who aspired to make political writing into an art and who died in 1950?

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The prize was founded in 1993 by Bernard Crick

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and funded in part from the royalties of his biography of the author.

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-Orwell.

-George Orwell is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses are on philosophy and literature, New College.

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Which Latin-derived philosophical term was popularised by Turgenev's 1862 novel Fathers And Sons

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where it was used to describe the crude scientism espoused by the character Bazarov?

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-Reductionism?

-No, nihilism. The anarchist Sergey Nechayev became the model for a self-described nihilist

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in The Possessed, sometimes called The Devils, a novel of 1872 by which Russian writer?

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-Dostoyevsky.

-Correct. Written in 1880, Vera; Or, The Nihilists

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was the first stage work of which Irish literary figure?

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-George Bernard Shaw.

-Oscar Wilde. Ten points for this.

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The oncoviruses, lentiviruses and foamy viruses belong

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to which family of enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses?

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They all possess the enzyme reverse transcriptase

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which allows integration of pro-viral DNA into the host genome.

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-Retroviruses.

-Correct.

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Your bonuses are on Foreign Secretaries

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in the words of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office website.

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In each case, name the Labour Prime Minister in whose Cabinet the following served.

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Patrick Gordon Walker - a good linguist, he was one of the few Foreign Secretaries this century

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who could converse in German with a German Foreign Minister.

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-Ramsay MacDonald.

-No, that was Harold Wilson.

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Secondly, Arthur Henderson - known affectionately as Uncle Arthur, he was a teetotaller,

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a non-smoker and a Methodist lay preacher, an unusual combination in the Foreign Office.

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WHISPERING

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-Ramsay MacDonald.

-Ramsay MacDonald, yes. Herbert Morrison - did not quite have the diplomatic touch.

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He once joked, "Foreign policy would be OK except for the bloody foreigners!"

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WHISPERING

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-Clement Attlee.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

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What Anglicised surname was shared by two explorers? The father became a Venetian citizen in 1476,

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but later helped lay the groundwork for the British claim to Canada.

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His son, born in Bristol or Venice, was a cartographer to Henry VIII

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and drew a map of the world now in the National Library of France.

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-Columbus.

-No.

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-Cabot.

-Cabot is correct, yes. John and Sebastian Cabot.

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So, your bonuses are on diseases named after islands, New College.

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Malta or Maltese fever is another name for which contagious disease,

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usually contracted by drinking infected milk or through close contact with infected animals?

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-Hepatitis B?

-Brucellosis or undulant fever.

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Tangier disease, a rare, inherited, genetic condition characterised by very low HDL cholesterol levels,

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takes its name from an island in which North American bay, bounded by Maryland and Virginia?

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-Chesapeake.

-Correct. Causing symptoms including fever and chest pain,

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Bornholm disease is an infection named after an island of which Nordic country

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where it was first observed in the 1930s?

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-Norway.

-Denmark. Ten points for this. Listen carefully.

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In his "we shall fight on the beaches" speech of June 4th, 1940,

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Churchill named four other general locations as places where "we shall fight".

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For ten points, name three of them.

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-Towns, streets, fields?

-No.

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One of you buzz from New College.

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-Skies, towns...

-No, it was landing grounds, fields, streets and hills. Ten points for this.

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What is the three-letter stage name of the London-born musician of Sri Lankan descent, Mathangi Arul...

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-MIA.

-MIA is right, yes.

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These bonuses are on pairs of names.

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In each case, the surname of the first person described is the given name of the second,

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for example, Jane Austen and Austen Chamberlain.

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Your answer must include the given name and surname of both people described.

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Firstly, the 18th century inventor of the marine chronometer H4

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and the actor whose film roles include John Book in Witness and Rick Deckard in Blade Runner?

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-That's Harrison Ford.

-Harrison Ford.

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-John Harrison and Harrison Ford.

-Correct. Secondly, the author of The World According To Garp

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and the composer of White Christmas?

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-Bing Crosby and...?

-I'm thinking Chandler.

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-Chandler Bing and Bing Crosby.

-No, it's John Irving and Irving Berlin.

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Finally, the broadcaster and author whose works include Cultural Amnesia

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and the navigator who landed at Botany Bay in 1770?

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James Cook?

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-Do you know what the...?

-Henry James?

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-Henry James and James Cook?

-No, it's Clive James and James Cook.

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For your picture starter on this picture round, you'll see a map showing some historic trade routes.

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Ten points if you can tell me the name by which these routes are most commonly known.

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-The Silk Road?

-They are silk roads, yes.

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For your picture bonuses, three more maps showing significant historic trading routes.

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I want you to identify the commodity principally traded along the route and after which the route is named.

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Firstly for five, this trading route in Europe?

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WHISPERING

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-Timber?

-No, that's salt.

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Secondly?

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WHISPERING

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-Amber.

-That is amber, from the Baltic to Venice.

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Finally, the commodity after which this route is named?

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WHISPERING

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-Frankincense.

-I'll accept that. Incense I would have taken too. Ten points for this.

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In ornithology, what is the common name of the distinctively patterned black-and-white wader

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of the Recurvirostra genus, characterised by an upturned bill?

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-Avocet.

-Avocet is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses are on zoology, York.

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What name is that of a 19th century British naturalist

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and has been given to the boundary between the regions of Oriental and Australian fauna?

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-I think it's Wallace.

-Sorry?

-Wallace.

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-Wallace.

-Correct, the Wallace Line.

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Having awarded the Darwin-Wallace Medal for advances in evolutionary biology every 50 years from 1908,

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what organisation announced that it would start giving the award annually from 2010?

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WHISPERING

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-The Royal Zoological Society.

-No, it's the Linnean Society of London.

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Absent in the original edition and first used in publication by Herbert Spencer,

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Wallace encouraged Darwin to incorporate what four-word phrase

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into later editions of The Origin Of Species?

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-"Survival of the fittest."

-Correct. Ten points for this starter.

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The first British cyclist in 46 years to win the World Road Racing...

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-Mark Cavendish.

-Correct.

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Your bonuses, New College, are on women astronomers.

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Hired to work in his observatory by the Harvard Professor of Astronomy Edward Pickering

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for whom she worked as a housekeeper, Williamina Fleming is credited with numerous discoveries,

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including, in 1888, that of which nebula in the constellation of Orion?

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-Horsehead.

-Correct. What two words complete the mnemonic for star classification,

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devised by Annie Jump Cannon,

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Fleming's successor as Curator of Astronomical Photographs at Harvard? It begins, "Oh, be a fine girl..."

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-Sorry, we don't know.

-It's "kiss me".

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Henrietta Leavitt discovered the variable period-luminosity relationship

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of what class of stars, making it possible to measure the distance between these stars and the Earth?

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-Quasars.

-No, it's Cepheids. Ten points for this.

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The name of which type of popular cuisine begins place names denoting a region of the Karakoram Mountains,

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the largest city of Maryland and a sea of northern Europe that is almost land...

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-Balti.

-Balti is correct, yes.

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These bonuses are on philosophical views, York. Which concept holds that there are no universals

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and that truth, morals and culture can only be understood in their own socio-historic context?

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Relativism, it could be.

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-Relativism.

-Correct. What term describes any philosophy that magnifies the role

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played by unaided reason in the acquisition and justification of knowledge?

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Adherents include Descartes and Leibniz.

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-Rationalism.

-Correct. What is the view that experience, especially of the senses,

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is the only source of knowledge? It is associated with Locke, Berkeley and Hume.

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-Nominate Leonhardt.

-Empiricism.

-Correct. Ten points for this starter question.

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Rayleigh-Taylor, Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Benard are all types of what general physical phenomenon,

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characterised by the unbounded growth of small disturbances?

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-Butterfly effect?

-No.

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Anyone want to buzz from New College?

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It's instability. Ten points for this.

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To which nearby island in the Venetian lagoon

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were the glassmaking factories of Venice transferred at the end...

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-Murano.

-Murano is correct, yes.

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These bonuses are on world rulers.

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I'll read a list of rulers who were in power during the first year of a century of the Common Era.

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I simply want the century. Firstly, Robert III of Scotland, Charles VI or the Well-Beloved of France

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and the Asian conqueror Tamerlane?

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WHISPERING

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-1600s?

-No, it's the 15th century.

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Raja Raja the Great of the Chola Empire of South India,

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Boleslav the Valiant of Poland, and Aethelred the Unready of England?

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-10th century?

-No, the 11th century.

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And finally, Emperor He of the Eastern Han Dynasty,

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Pacorus II of Parthia and the Roman Emperor Trajan?

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WHISPERING

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-3rd century?

-No, it's the 2nd century.

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Time for a music round. Your starter is a piece of popular music.

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Ten points if you can name the band.

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# Well, this is a good idea... #

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-Arctic Monkeys?

-It is, Leave Before The Lights Come on.

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The band members of The Arctic Monkeys were raised in Sheffield.

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For your bonuses, you'll hear three more pieces of music by artists or bands associated with Sheffield.

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Five points for each act you can name. Firstly, this band?

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# If it seems a little time is needed

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# Decisions to be made

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# Hey, hey, hey, hey

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# The good advice of friends unheeded

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# For the best of plans mislaid... #

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-Human League?

-It was indeed Human League. Secondly, this artist, please?

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# Open up your door

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# I can't see your face no more

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# Love is so hard to find... #

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Sorry, we don't know.

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That's Richard Hawley. Finally, can you identify this band?

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# Do you remember the first time...? #

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-Pulp.

-That is Pulp, yes.

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Ten points for this starter. Described as "the first world war"

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by Winston Churchill in A History Of The English-Speaking Peoples,

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which war was fought in Europe, North America and Asia from 1756...

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-Seven Years' War.

-Seven Years' War is correct, yes.

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New College, these bonuses are on a symbol.

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Seen to represent self-reflexivity or the cyclical nature of life,

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the symbol known by the Greek term Uroboros takes the form of a serpent or dragon doing what?

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-Eating its own tail.

-Correct.

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A self-eating, legless, spherical animal may have been the first living thing in the Universe,

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according to Timaeus in the dialogue by which Greek philosopher?

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-Plato.

-Correct. The German chemist August Kekule sometimes claimed

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that a day-dream of a snake seizing its own tail inspired him in his discovery

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of the structure of which molecule?

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-Benzene.

-Benzene is correct.

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Ten points for this. Level-pegging.

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Listen carefully. Of the 118 elements of the Periodic Table,

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two have symbols which, when read as ordinary English words, become personal pronouns.

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One is iodine. What's the other?

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-Helium.

-Helium is correct, yes.

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These bonuses are on mathematics. Given the following real-valued functions of a real variable,

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give the values of X at which they are not differentiable.

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F of X equals the absolute value of X?

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-Zero.

-Correct. F of X equals X-squared?

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WHISPERING

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-Nominate Cappleman.

-There are none.

-Yes, the empty set, correct.

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F of X equals 1 when X is rational and 0 when X is irrational?

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-Everywhere.

-Everywhere.

-Yes, all X, correct.

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Ten points for this. Also noted for the Berners Street Hoax and for sending the first picture postcard,

0:16:560:17:03

the Victorian eccentric Theodore Hook launched which weekly publication in 1820,

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noted for its invective and High Toryism?

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-Punch?

-No. York, one of you have a go.

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-Spectator.

-No, it's John Bull Magazine. Ten points for this.

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In the following approximations, how many zeroes follow the number given

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if the Earth's circumference in metres is 40, the number of seconds in a year is 31

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and the number of identified insect species is one?

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-Seven.

-Anyone like to have a go from New College?

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-Six.

-Six is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses are on homonyms - pairs of words that are spelt and pronounced the same,

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but have different meanings and etymologies. In each case, give the word from the definition.

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All three have five letters. Firstly, "to pursue or approach stealthily",

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"a slender support or stem of an object or of part of an organism"

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and "to stride in a stiff or pompous way"?

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-Stalk.

-Correct. "Thin or diaphanous" and "to swerve or change course quickly"?

0:18:100:18:15

-WHISPERING

-Come on, let's have it.

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-Veer?

-No, the answer is "sheer".

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Finally, "rhythmic throbbing of the arteries" and "edible seed of a leguminous plant"?

0:18:260:18:31

-Pulse.

-"Pulse" is correct. Ten points for this.

0:18:310:18:33

Slightly larger than the UK, which oil-rich African country has a flag

0:18:330:18:38

with three horizontal bands of green, yellow and blue, the yellow being said to symbolise the Equator?

0:18:380:18:44

-Angola?

-No. York, have a buzz?

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-Central African Republic?

-No, it's Gabon. Ten points for this.

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What single-digit number links the element boron, the fourth root of 625 and the planet...

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-5.

-5 is correct, yes.

0:18:580:19:00

Your bonuses this time are on place names.

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In English place names, the name of which tree follows Burnt in Barnet, Gospel in Camden...

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-Oak.

-..and Seven in Kent? Correct.

0:19:130:19:15

Four English rivers, including one that flows through Derby and another in the Lake District,

0:19:150:19:20

share what name meaning "where oak trees grow"?

0:19:200:19:23

-Sorry, we don't know.

-That's Derwent. And finally, designated a World Heritage Site,

0:19:230:19:29

which port in south-eastern Croatia has a name meaning "grove of oak trees"?

0:19:290:19:35

-Dubrovnik.

-Correct. Time for a picture round again.

0:19:350:19:39

You'll see a portrait depicting an Impressionist painter for your starter. Ten points if you name him.

0:19:390:19:45

-Monet?

-No. One of you buzz from York?

0:19:470:19:51

-Manet?

-No, it's Degas.

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So, picture bonuses shortly. Ten points at stake. Fingers on the buzzers. Here's a starter.

0:19:550:20:00

In early 2012, two US states marked the centenary of their admission to the union.

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For ten points, name either of them.

0:20:050:20:07

-Texas.

-No.

0:20:090:20:11

New College?

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-Alaska?

-No, they were New Mexico and Arizona. Another starter question.

0:20:140:20:19

Answer as soon as you buzz.

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In an urn containing five balls all of different colours,

0:20:210:20:25

how many different combinations of colours are possible if you draw out three?

0:20:250:20:30

15?

0:20:340:20:36

Anyone like to buzz from New College?

0:20:360:20:38

-Ten?

-Ten is correct, yes.

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Which means we revert to the picture bonuses.

0:20:440:20:48

You saw for that starter question a portrait of Degas,

0:20:480:20:51

painted by Marcellin Desboutin, one of the lesser known Impressionists.

0:20:510:20:55

Picture bonuses, three more portraits by Impressionist painters of their contemporaries.

0:20:550:21:00

I want the name of the artist depicted and the artist who painted it in that order. Firstly for five?

0:21:000:21:06

WHISPERING

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-Seurat by Monet?

-No, it's Monet painted by Manet. Secondly?

0:21:160:21:20

-Manet by Degas?

-No, that's Sisley by Renoir.

0:21:300:21:34

Finally, the figure on the left and the artist who's painted him?

0:21:340:21:38

-Is that Toulouse-Lautrec by Degas?

-No, it's Manet by Degas.

0:21:400:21:43

Ten points for this. Used by the poet Baudelaire to describe the writer

0:21:430:21:48

as a detached, mocking dandy in a city crowd,

0:21:480:21:51

what seven-letter word comes from the French for "to saunter" or "stroll aimlessly"?

0:21:510:21:57

-Flaneur.

-Flaneur is correct, yes.

0:21:570:21:59

Your bonuses are on Louis Pasteur. In 1885, Louis Pasteur's treatment of the nine-year-old Joseph Meister

0:22:030:22:09

saw the first successful inoculation against which deadly disease?

0:22:090:22:13

WHISPERING

0:22:130:22:15

-Smallpox.

-No, it's rabies.

0:22:150:22:18

Pasteur discovered that which microbe caused puerperal fever?

0:22:180:22:22

He named it after the Greek for a bunch of grapes in reference to its appearance under a microscope.

0:22:220:22:28

WHISPERING

0:22:280:22:30

-Anything?

-I can't think of anything.

0:22:320:22:35

-Come on.

-No idea.

-It's staphylococcus.

0:22:350:22:38

Pasteur gives his name to what laboratory equipment used for liquids?

0:22:380:22:43

-Pipette.

-Pipette.

-Pipettes is correct. Five minutes to go. Another starter question.

0:22:430:22:48

Directed by Lu Chuan, the 2009 film City Of Life And Death

0:22:480:22:53

deals with the 1937 massacre by the Imperial Japanese...

0:22:530:22:56

-Nanjing.

-Nanjing is correct, yes.

0:22:560:22:58

And your bonuses are on cinema. Name the British director of the following films.

0:23:000:23:05

Firstly, A Life Less Ordinary, 28 Days Later and Sunshine?

0:23:050:23:09

-Danny Boyle.

-Correct.

0:23:090:23:12

Welcome To Sarajevo, A Cock And Bull Story and The Killer Inside Me?

0:23:120:23:16

WHISPERING

0:23:190:23:21

-Let's have it.

-Sorry, we don't know.

-That's Michael Winterbottom.

0:23:220:23:26

Finally, Twenty Four Seven, Dead Man's Shoes and This Is England?

0:23:260:23:31

-Shane Meadows.

-Correct. Another starter question.

0:23:310:23:34

Taxing To Prevent Inflation, Price Theory and A Program For Monetary Stability

0:23:340:23:39

are among the works of which US economist...

0:23:390:23:42

-Milton Friedman.

-Correct. Your bonuses are on the legislative assemblies of EU member states.

0:23:420:23:48

Name the city in which the following parliament buildings are located.

0:23:480:23:52

Firstly for five points, the Binnenhof?

0:23:520:23:56

-Vienna?

-No, that's in The Hague.

0:23:590:24:02

Secondly, Toompea Castle?

0:24:020:24:05

-Let's have it, please.

-Denmark?

-No, that's Tallinn.

0:24:070:24:11

And finally, the Grand Master's Palace?

0:24:110:24:14

-Come on.

-Sorry, we don't know.

-That's in Valletta.

0:24:160:24:19

Ten points for this. Who was President of France

0:24:190:24:22

when Denmark, Ireland and the UK joined the Common Market?

0:24:220:24:26

-Valery Giscard d'Estaing.

-No. Anyone want to buzz from New College?

0:24:260:24:31

-Georges Pompidou.

-Correct.

0:24:310:24:33

Your bonuses are on counties of the Republic of Ireland.

0:24:330:24:37

In an alphabetical list of the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland, which comes first?

0:24:370:24:42

WHISPERING

0:24:420:24:45

-Quickly!

-Armagh?

-No, that's not in the Republic of Ireland. It's Carlow.

0:24:450:24:50

Three counties in the Republic of Ireland have a name beginning with M. Name two of them.

0:24:500:24:57

-Come on!

-Monaghan and...Mull.

-Mull?!

0:25:040:25:07

That's an island off Scotland. Mayo and Meath are the other ones.

0:25:070:25:11

Finally, only one county in the Republic of Ireland has a name beginning with S. What is it?

0:25:110:25:17

Sorry, we don't know.

0:25:190:25:21

That's Sligo. Ten points for this.

0:25:210:25:23

What quantity increases from 6,357 to 6,378 kilometres as latitude decreases?

0:25:230:25:30

Distance to the centre of the Earth.

0:25:320:25:34

I'll accept that. Earth's radius is the more precise term I was looking for, but I'll accept that.

0:25:340:25:40

Your bonuses are on years. What multiple of three is the year in which Henry VIII came to the throne?

0:25:400:25:46

WHISPERING

0:25:460:25:49

-Come on, come on, come on!

-1530.

-No, it's 1509.

0:25:490:25:53

What multiple of four is the year in which Edward VIII abdicated?

0:25:530:25:58

Nineteen-thirty...nine?

0:25:580:26:00

-1938.

-No, it's 1936.

0:26:000:26:03

Which English king came to the throne in August of the year whose factors include 3, 5, 99 and 297?

0:26:030:26:09

-Henry II.

-Henry VII. Ten points for this.

0:26:120:26:15

Who, in 1705, predicted an event of 1758 based on observations made in 1456...

0:26:150:26:22

-Halley.

-Edmond Halley is correct, yes.

0:26:220:26:25

Your bonuses are on mathematics.

0:26:250:26:27

For each of the following sets of real numbers, I want you to tell me their supremum or least upper bound.

0:26:270:26:33

Firstly, the set of fractions in the form N divided by N plus 1 where N is a positive integer?

0:26:330:26:40

-2.

-No, it's 1. The set of real numbers whose square is less than 2?

0:26:400:26:44

-1.

-No, the square root of 2. The set of real numbers whose logarithm is at most zero?

0:26:460:26:52

-The empty set.

-It's 1. Ten points for this.

0:26:520:26:54

In the Cartesian RGB system of colour, what would be seen

0:26:540:26:58

if red, green and blue were of equal value and at their maxima?

0:26:580:27:02

-White.

-Correct. Bonuses on Scottish dukes. The holder of which dukedom is the Premier Peer of Scotland

0:27:020:27:08

and hereditary keeper of the Palace of Holyroodhouse?

0:27:080:27:11

-Argyll?

-Come on.

-Argyll.

-No, Hamilton.

0:27:110:27:14

Floors Castle in the Scottish Borders is the family seat of which Scottish dukedom?

0:27:140:27:20

-Glamis.

-No, Roxburghe. The holder of which dukedom is the only man in Britain permitted

0:27:200:27:25

to have a private army, an honour bestowed by Queen Victoria?

0:27:250:27:30

-Argyll.

-Atholl. Ten points for this.

0:27:300:27:32

Give the US city and state that is the location of the third oldest

0:27:320:27:36

of the Ivy League universities, founded in 1746?

0:27:360:27:39

-Cambridge, Massachusetts.

-No. Quickly, New College, somebody buzz.

0:27:420:27:46

-Stanford, California.

-No, Princeton, New Jersey. The mean population...

0:27:460:27:51

-GONG

-At the gong, York University have 145, New College, Oxford, have 215.

0:27:510:27:57

We'll have to say goodbye to you, York. You didn't give up. That was great fun.

0:28:040:28:08

New College, a terrific performance. We shall look forward to seeing you

0:28:080:28:13

in the latter stages of the competition.

0:28:130:28:15

-Join us next time for the next match in this series, but until then, it's goodbye from York.

-Goodbye.

0:28:150:28:22

-Goodbye from New College, Oxford.

-Goodbye.

-And goodbye from me.

0:28:220:28:25

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