Episode 19 University Challenge

University Challenge. Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Pembroke College, Cambridge and New College, Oxford

have already earned themselves

places in the quarterfinal stage of this contest.

Whichever team wins tonight will join them.

The University of Warwick had rather an easy ride of it

in their first-round match

against a bunch of dormice from Aberdeen.

Warwick knew a lot about US presidents, cave systems,

and things to do with Swindon.

But they certainly will never appear

on Strictly Come Dancing as they can't tell a fandango or a minuet

from a bunch of bananas.

With an average age of 21 let us meet the Warwick team again.

Hi there, I am Sean Quinn, I am from Derry in Ireland,

and I'm studying Classical Civilisation.

Hi, my name is Sarah Jane Bodell. I am from Western Kentucky

and I study the History Of Medicine.

And their captain.

I am Andrew Shaw, I am from Ipswich and I am studying Maths.

Hi, I am James Wheatley, I am from Sudbury in Suffolk

and I am studying Chemistry.

APPLAUSE

King's College Cambridge lost their first-round match against the

medics from St George's London but survived as one of the highest

scoring losing teams from that round

and then beat Homerton College, Cambridge in their play-off.

On that occasion they knew a lot about Ethelred the Unready, the

permittivity of the vacuum,

and Raphael's Fresco of the School of Athens.

Oddly though they seem to have some trouble remembering each other's

names so the usual introductions may be especially helpful to them.

Let us meet them.

Hello, I am Curtis Gallant, from North London,

and I am studying Classics.

Hello. I am Amber Ace, I am from Crieff in Perthshire,

and I am also studying Classics.

And their captain.

Hi, I am Fran Middleton, from Chorleywood in Hertfordshire

and am doing a PhD in Classics.

Hi, I'm James Gratrex, I'm from Leeds and I'm reading Physics.

APPLAUSE

OK, you all know the rules by now, so fingers on the buzzers.

Here is your first starter for 10.

According to the US psychologist Robert J Sternberg what human

mood or emotion can be described using the triangular theory in which

it is deconstructed into the three components of passion, intimacy...

BUZZER

Love.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

You get the first set of bonuses, King's College.

They are on grammar and literature.

Firstly, although there are numerous examples in the works

of Shakespeare and other authors,

putting the word "from" before what six letter adverb is often

cited as a solecism because its meaning is already

"from what place"?

Whence.

Correct. "He got a good estate by merchandise and leaving off his trade lived

"afterwards at York, from whence he had married my mother."

This sentence forms part of the opening lines of which

novel of 1719?

Tristram Shandy. Tristram Shandy.

No, it is Robinson Crusoe.

"I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help."

In which book of the Old Testament do those words appear?

Moses doing stuff with bushes.

Exodus.

No, it is Psalm 21.

10 points for this.

In a play first performed in 1775, who describes Captain Absolute

as "The very pineapple of politeness" and declares...

BUZZER

The Rivals.

No, you lose five points.

..And declares Lydia Languish

to be "As headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile"?

I will tell you. It is Mrs Malaprop.

It is of course in The Rivals but I wanted the name of the character.

10 points for this.

Suggested in a letter to the Cambridge professor Adam Sedgwick,

what term was adopted in 1905 by William Bateson, later the first

director of the John Innes Horticultural Institution, to describe the study of heredity?

BELL

Genealogy.

No. Anyone like to buzz from King's?

I'll tell you. It's genetics. 10 points for the starter question.

Fully elaborating his structuralist approach to

culture in the 1962 work...

BUZZER

Levi-Strauss.

Levi-Strauss is right.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on official residences, King's College.

Having had its first unmarried couple move in during 2010,

The Lodge is the official residence of the Prime Minister

of which country?

THEY CONFER

-Australia.

-Australia.

Correct.

Located in Vienna, what is the name of the former imperial palace that

serves as the official residence of the president of Austria?

-It's not Hapsburg Palace, is that..?

-No. Just say it.

-The Hapsburg Palace.

-No, it's the Hofburg Imperial Palace.

Finally, standing in the grounds of the United States Naval Observatory,

the 19th-century house at Number 1 Observatory Circle

is a residence and workplace of the holder of which office?

-The head of the CIA?

-Head of defence or something?

-Head of the CIA.

-Head of the CIA.

No, it's the US vice president.

10 points for this. Listen carefully.

Words meaning "hold close as a way of showing affection,"

"stick used as a weapon,"

and "partly digested food in the mouth of a ruminant"

are among the small number of dictionary headwords

that begin with which three letters?

-C-U-D.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right. These bonuses are on medicine, King's College.

From the Greek for "brought forth by a healer",

what adjective describes a disease

produced by a doctor or health care professional, for example

a side-effect or complication resulting from a treatment?

THEY CONFER

I'm sure there's a more normal word for it, though.

-Like what would be...?

-Should I just say that? Iatrogenic.

Iatrogenic is correct, yes! What word describes...

It is useful being a classicist sometimes, isn't it?

What word describes an infection of animals that may be communicated

to humans, an example being bovine tuberculosis?

Don't know.

THEY CONFER

LAUGHTER

Zoogenic?

Er, no, it's zoonosis, or zoonose.

And finally, what Greek-derived word describes those infections

known as HAIs, that is, hospital acquired or healthcare associated?

THEY CONFER

What does MRSI stand for?

Yeah, there is a word that would describe that. Oh, um.

Hospital diseases.

It's nosocomial. We're going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter you'll see a table of results

in a Formula 1 world championship, in race order.

For 10 points I want you to give me

the single winning driver whose name is missing.

BUZZER

Mika Hakkinen.

Yes!

APPLAUSE

World champion in 1988 and 1999.

You get three more Formula 1 championship tables

for your bonuses. In each case, name the single missing driver

who won the whole championship. Firstly, this winning driver.

-Is that Jacques Villeneuve? It could be.

-Jacques Villeneuve.

No, it was Alain Prost. Secondly, this champion.

-'68?

-'68.

THEY CONFER

Do we know any old drivers?

-Old drivers?

-Do you know anyone, James, from that era?

No.

-Pass, sorry.

-That was Graham Hill. And finally, this champion.

THEY CONFER

Where's Vettel? It'll be Vettel.

No, wait. Is it? Yeah, Vettel.

-What?

-Sebastian Vettel.

-Vettel, with a V?

-Yeah.

Vettel. Vettel?

Vettel is correct, yes. Sebastian Vettel.

-You've never heard of him, have you?

-No!

OK. 10 points for this starter question.

The ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli, Iberia,

are part of the territory of which present-day country.

Georgia?

Georgia is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

King's College, your bonuses are on westernmost locations.

To give you a little help, each place name

begins with the word "saint".

Firstly, what is the westernmost town in England?

Slightly to the east of Cape Cornwall,

it gives its name to a former mining district

and World Heritage Site slightly to the north of the town itself.

THEY CONFER

St Ives?

No, it's St Just. Around 110 miles from the Scottish mainland,

which archipelago or contains the westernmost islands of the Hebrides?

The largest, Hirta, has the highest sea cliffs in the UK.

THEY CONFER

Is St Kilda western?

Yeah. It could be.

-I just think St Kilda might be a single island.

-St Kilda.

St Kilda is correct. Yes.

And finally, which rocky promontory marks the start

of the coast-to-coast walk and is the westernmost point of Cumbria?

THEY CONFER

-Just try St David's.

-St David's.

No, it's St Bees. St Bees Head. 10 points for this.

The early 20th-century composers Tailleferre, Durey...?

Les Six.

Les Six is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

OK, you're away. Your bonuses, Warwick,

are on surnames and their anagrams.

In each case, give both words or names

from the explanation or definition.

Generalissimo and head of Nationalist China from 1928

until his death in 1975,

and being in persistent dull pain,

for example of the head or teeth.

THEY CONFER

Some sort of ache?

-Aching and Chiang.

-The Chiang Kai-Shek, that's correct.

Irene, described as a well-known adventuress

in the Sherlock Holmes story A Scandal In Bohemia,

and Alnus glutinosa, a native British tree of the birch family.

-Alder and Adler.

-Adler and Alder.

Correct. Author of The Little Mermaid,

and entangled or caught in a trap.

Andersen and...

-Ensnared.

-Anderson and ensnared.

Yes! Ten points for this.

APPLAUSE

The English term for an inhabitant of which Mediterranean island

is an anagram of words meaning "drink of the gods",

"half conscious state induced by hypnosis", and...

-Cretan.

-Cretan is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on the architect Frank Gehry.

Co-designed with Vlado Milunic, the so-called Dancing House in Prague

is also known by the name of which American duo?

THEY CONFER

Are Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers English? American?

-No, they're American.

-Oh! Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers.

Correct. Fred and Ginger.

Der Neue Zolhof consists of three buildings in close proximity

on the riverfront of which city,

the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia?

THEY CONFER

Is that Stuttgart?)

-It's not Cologne, is it?

-No.

-Stuttgart.

-No, it's Dusseldorf. Completed in 2003,

which Gehry-designed Los Angeles concert hall

is named after the recipient of 59 Oscar nominations?

Oh, that's, er... I think it's Disney.

Disney?

It is Walt Disney.

The Walt Disney Concert Hall. 10 points for this.

First coined by Matt Stum on a Stash Hunt mailing list in 2000,

what term describes a real-world, outdoor treasure-hunting hobby

in which players try to locate hidden containers using GPS?

Geo-caching.

Geo-caching is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Warwick, these bonuses are on mathematical groups.

What name is given to the seven distinct groups which correspond

to designs in the plane which are

translationally invariant in one direction?

THEY CONFER

-Symmetry groups?

-No, they're frieze groups.

Secondly for five points, what term is used for the 17 groups

which describe two-dimensional repetitive patterns in the plane?

Shall I try it again?

Symmetry groups.

Plain symmetry, yep.

What name is given to the generalisation of wallpaper groups

to three-dimensional space?

Er...tessellation groups?

No, they're space groups, or crystallographic objects.

Right, we're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter you'll hear an excerpt

from an Academy Award nominated film soundtrack.

10 points if you can give me the name of the film.

MUSIC PLAYS

Gladiator.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

That was composed by Lisa Gerrard and Hans Zimmer.

Your music bonuses are more excerpts from film soundtracks

written or cowritten by female composers or lyricists,

all of whom won Academy Awards for their film scores.

In each case, I simply want you to name the film.

Firstly, this film, released in the 1980s.

# May the light

# Of the spring candle

# Illuminate the night... #

Yentl.

Yentl is correct. Secondly, this film, released in the 1990s.

MUSIC PLAYS

THEY CONFER

-Life Is Beautiful.

-No, it's Emma.

And finally, this film, also released in the 1990s.

MUSIC PLAYS

-What sort of film is it?

-Dick Tracy or something?

Dick Tracy? That's the name of the film?

-Dick Tracy, yeah.

-Dick Tracy?

No, that's The Full Monty. 10 points for this.

Which cricketer was the oldest man to score a test century,

doing so in the 1928 to 29 season?

A Surrey and England player, he was the sports most prolific batsman,

scoring 197 first-class centuries.

-WG Grace?

-No. Warwick, one of you buzz?

No, sorry.

No, it was Sir Jack Hobbs. 10 points for this.

Plasmodiophora brassicae causes which fungal disease

afflicting crops such as sprouts and cabbages?

The infection is difficult to treat

and the fungus may remain in the soil for many years.

-Blight.

-No. One of you buzz from King's College.

You're not going to buzz, are you? You're not going to tell me. OK.

Fine, it's club root. Ten points for this.

Commissioned by the Ministry of Education, which 1946 work

by Benjamin Britten consists of a series of variations...?

A Young Person's Guide To The Orchestra.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on epitaphs, Warwick University.

F Scott Fitzgerald's grave in Maryland bears the inscription,

"So we beat on, boats against the current,

"borne back ceaselessly into the past" -

lines taken from which of his novels?

-The Great Gatsby?

-Correct.

What's the significance of the 35 digits engraved on the tombstone

of the 17th-century Dutch mathematician Ludolph van Ceulen?

First 35 primes, or something?

-First 35 digits of pi?

-Worth a try.

We'll try the first 35 digits of pi.

That's correct, yes.

Written in Gaelic, to meet the approval of the Chichester diocese,

the epitaph "I told you I was ill"

appears on the headstone of which writer and comedian

who died in 2002?

-Spike Milligan?

-Yeah.

-Spike Milligan.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

APPLAUSE

After the Shannon, Severn and Thames,

what is the longest river of Britain and Ireland?

It's also the longest that doesn't empty into the sea

under its own name.

-Tay.

-No.

Trent.

It is the Trent, yes!

APPLAUSE

These bonuses could give you the lead. They're on Africa.

In each case the answer is a Commonwealth member state.

Firstly, the socialist-leaning Julius Nyerere

was president of which African country from independence

in 1962 until he stepped down voluntarily in 1985?

THEY CONFER

-Zimbabwe?

-No.

-Let's have an answer, please.

-We'll try Kenya.

No, it's Tanzania.

Kenneth Kaunda led which country to independence from Britain in 1964

and served as its president until he was voted out of office in 1991?

-Try Kenya again? Might as well.

-Any other ideas? Rwanda?

-We'll try Kenya again.

-No, it was Zambia.

And finally, Dr Hastings Banda was the leader

of which southern African country

which he governed from independence until 1994?

-Could be Namibia?

-Southern Africa?

-Libya?

-I said Namibia.

-Oh, Namibia! Namibia.

No, it's Malawi. 10 points for this.

Garlando, Bonzini and Leonhart

are among brands of table used for official competitions

in which indoor sport

known in various countries by names

including gitone, baby-foot and kicker?

-Table tennis?

-No. Anyone want to buzz from Warwick?

Table football.

Correct!

APPLAUSE

You've got the lead. Bonuses on survivors now. Sole survivors.

Elizabeth Butler's painting Remnants Of An Army depicts

the surgeon William Brydon reaching Jalalabad in 1842

as the sole survivor of the British force that occupied

which capital city?

THEY CONFER

I think it was Afghanistan...

-Go with Kabul?

-It's the capital.

-Kabul?

Kabul is correct.

A Mustang horse called Comanche

is often cited as the only survivor of the losing side

in which battle of June 25, 1876?

THEY CONFER

The Alamo?

-Comanche would be like Native American.

-Little Big Horn, maybe?

No, because the Native Americans won Little Big Horn.

-No, they didn't.

-Didn't they?

-I can't remember.

-Wounded Knee.

-No, it's Little Big Horn.

-Sorry!

And finally, John King was the sole survivor

of which ill-fated Australian exhibition led by and named after

an Irish police officer and an English surveyor?

-Was that Burke and Hare?

-Really?

OK. Burke and Hare?

LAUGHTER

No, it's Burke and Wills. Bad luck.

Right, we're going to take a picture starter now.

For your picture round

you're going to see a prominent 20th-century figure.

10 points if you can give me his name.

-Eisenhower?

-It is Eisenhower, yes.

APPLAUSE

You will recall he served as Supreme Commander of Allied forces

in Europe during the Second World War.

Your bonuses - three more Axis and Allied figures who held high command

at the time of the D-Day landings.

Five points for each name you can give me. Firstly...

-Is that Erwin Rommel?

-Rommel, I think it is.

-Rommel?

That is Erwin Rommel. Secondly...

Von Manstein?

-Any ideas? We'll try von Manstein.

-No, that's von Rundstedt.

And finally...

-Montgomery.

-It is Montgomery, yes.

10 points for this.

In aerodynamics, what adjective is generally used to describe

speeds that are equal to or greater than...?

-Supersonic?

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

Greater than mach five.

-Hypersonic.

-Hypersonic is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on a physicist.

In 1955, Thomas Harvey, the Chief Pathologist of Princeton Hospital

conducted an autopsy on which scientist and public figure

during which he took the controversial decision to remove the brain?

It's got to be Einstein.

-Einstein?

-Correct.

During World War II, Einstein contributed to

the United States war effort by putting up for auction

the manuscript of what paper of 1905?

-Theory Of General Relativity?

-No. General Relativity was later.

It's on the Electrodynamics Of Moving Bodies or Special Relativity.

In 1952, Einstein was offered

but declined the presidency of which country?

-Israel.

-Israel is correct. Six minutes to go. 10 points for this.

Answer as soon as you buzz.

What is the sum of the natural numbers from one to 1,000?

-500,500.

-Correct, yes

Right, these bonuses are on the Civil Rights Movement, King's College.

Formed 1964, the organisation known as the OAAU was a major

campaigning group on civil rights issues in the 1960s.

For what do the letters AAU stand?

African-American union?

Afro-American Unity is correct.

Which civil rights campaigner formed the OAAU

and was assassinated a year later?

-Malcolm X?

-Yeah.

-Malcolm X.

-Correct.

Who was the president of the United States

when the 1964 Civil Rights Act was passed?

-Lyndon Johnson.

-Correct. 10 points for this.

From a Latin word meaning to begin, what term for the beginning

of a project or undertaking provides the title of a film...?

-Inception.

-Correct.

-Nice!

Your bonuses this time are on fictional villages and towns.

In each case, name the location from its inhabitants.

Firstly, Caleb Garth, Fred Vincy

Sir James Chettam and Celia Brooke.

That's, er, Middlemarch.

-Middlemarch.

-Correct.

Secondly, James Harthouse, Josiah Bounderby and Thomas Gradgrind.

That's in Dickens.

-One of the Dickens, possibly...

-Where, where?

-Nicholas Nickleby, does that help?

-No. Nickleby Town.

-LAUGHTER

-Good guess but completely wrong.

No, it's Coketown in Hard Times.

And finally, Abel Whittle, Christopher Coney,

Donald Farfrae and Michael Henchard.

-Sorry, we don't know.

-It's Casterbridge. Four minutes to go.

10 points for this.

Signed on March 25, 1957, which treaty was the first

and founding act of the European Economic...?

-The Treaty Of Rome.

-Correct.

These bonuses are on the average number of days in a month

during a leap year.

What is the mode number of days in a month during a leap year?

-31.

-Correct.

What is the mean number of days in a month during a leap year?

God, er, 20... 30.

-30.

-No, it's 30.5. 366 divided by 12.

Finally, what is the median number of days in a month during a leap year?

-Are there six that are 31?

-Yeah.

So there is five that are under 31.

-Is it still 31?

-31.

-Correct. 10 points for this starter question.

Born 1848,

Sir Hubert Parry is perhaps best known for setting the words...

-Jerusalem.

-Correct.

You retake the lead. Your bonuses are on ophthalmology.

What is the common name of the eye condition known as strabismus?

Floaters?

-Come on, let's have it, please.

-Floaters.

No, it's a squint or a misalignment of the eyes.

Protanopia, deuteranopia and tritanopia

are all examples of what vision defect?

Like, double vision...

-Multiple vision?

-No, it's colour-blindness.

Finally, what refractive eye defect is indicated

if convex corrective lenses are prescribed?

-It's long sightedness.

-Are you sure?

-Yes.

-Come on.

-Long sightedness.

-Correct. 10 points for the starter question.

What common five letter word denotes the distance

between the adjacent threads on a screw?

I'll tell you it's a pitch. 10 points for this.

In which EU member state are the walled city of Piran,

Triglav National Park and Maribor, a European capital of culture in 2012?

-Hungary.

-No, King's College, one of you buzz.

-Estonia.

No, it's Slovenia. 10 points for this.

Which noble achievement of navigation was completed in 1522

by a ship under the command of the Basque mariner...?

-Circumnavigating the globe.

-Correct, yes.

These bonuses are on the works of John Masefield.

In each case, identify the poems in which the lines appear.

"Quinquireme of Nineveh from distant Ophir..."

-Cargoes.

-Correct.

"Out into street I ran uproarious The devil dancing in me glorious."

Oh, er...no, I don't know.

-Pass.

-It's The Everlasting Mercy.

-"All I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by."

-Oh, that's...

-"We must go down, my dear, to the sea, the sea...

-The sea.

No, it's Sea Fever. 10 points for this.

What six letter adjective links

titles of works by Sebastian Barry, Donna Tartt and...

-Secret.

-Correct, you take the lead.

Your bonuses are on names that begin and end with the same letter.

In each case simply give the name from the description.

A major battle firstly fought in southern Pennsylvania in July 1863.

-Sorry, what year?

-1863.

-Come on, let's have it.

-Sorry, don't know.

It's Gettysburg. The most populous province of China.

-Don't know, sorry.

-That's Guangdong.

Finally, a planet of genus Panax cultivated especially in East Asia

for its supposedly restorative and medicinal properties.

-Ginseng.

-Correct. Another starter question now.

Gunn, Whipple, Tempel-Tuttle and Hale-Bopp are examples of what...?

-Comets.

-Correct.

Your bonuses this time are on Greek nymphs.

What collective name was given to

the 15 daughters of the goddess Doris, derived from...?

-GONG

-And at the gong, Warwick University have 160,

King's College - Cambridge have 185.

APPLAUSE

Well, it was a very good game. Thank you very much, Warwick.

You know, I thought you were going to win it at one point.

In fact, so did they!

Congratulations, King's,

we look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals.

I hope you can join us next time.

-But until then it is goodbye from the University of Warwick.

-Goodbye.

-It's goodbye from King's College - Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

APPLAUSE

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