Episode 21 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge!

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman!

Hello. Tonight's teams are each playing on behalf of institutions

with a formidable reputation in this contest, but only one of them

will be able to take a place in the quarter-finals,

and we will be saying goodbye to the losers.

The team from Magdalen College, Oxford, played their

first-round match against Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge,

and were neck-and-neck until the halfway mark,

when their eclectic knowledge of Cistercians, Stoicism

and crochet stitches put them comfortably ahead

of their opponents, with 205 points to 125 at the gong.

Representing an institution which has won the contest

four times in the past, and with an average age of 20,

let's meet the Magdalen team again.

Hi. My name's Will,

I'm from Kew, and I'm studying history.

Hi. I'm Rob Mangan, I'm from Nottingham and I study chemistry.

-This is their captain...

-Hello. I'm Henry Watson,

I'm from Wimbledon and I'm reading philosophy, politics and economics.

Hi. I'm Richard Purkiss. I'm from Richmond in south-west London,

and I'm reading for a masters in medieval history.

APPLAUSE

There is a maxim to the effect that it's not about winning,

it's about taking part, which the team from Manchester University

seemed to be taking a little too literally

in their first-round match -

they stayed on a minus score for the first few minutes,

and continued to trail Lincoln College, Oxford,

for most of the rest of the match, but an impressive rally

in the final stages saw them five points ahead at the gong.

Their university have won this contest three times in the past,

and are also the reigning champions.

With an average age of 28, let's meet the Manchester team again.

Hi. I'm David Brice.

I'm from Kingston-upon-Thames, and I study economics.

Hi. I'm Adam Barr. I'm from Muswell Hill in north London,

and I'm studying physics with astrophysics.

-And now their captain introduces himself...

-Hello.

I'm Richard Gilbert. I'm from Warwickshire,

and I study linguistics.

Hi. I'm Debbie Brown. I'm from Buxton in Derbyshire,

and I'm studying for a PhD in pain epidemiology.

APPLAUSE

OK, you can all recite the rules in your sleep,

so fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for 10.

The name of which European city links treaties

that ended the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars in 1229,

the Seven Years War in 1763

-the American War of Independence in 17...

-BELL

Paris?

Paris is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

First set of bonuses then to you, Magdalen College,

they're on poets' epitaphs. Which poet's name is absent from his

tombstone? It describes him instead as a young English poet, who,

on his deathbed, in the bitterness of his heart

at the malicious power of his enemies,

desired these words to be engraven on his tombstone -

"Here lies one whose name was writ in water"?

Keats?

-Give it a try.

-Er, Keats?

It was John Keats, yes. "Nothing of him that doth fade, but doth

"suffer a sea change into something rich and strange."

Which of the romantic poets, who died by drowning,

has a grave in Rome which bears these words,

and from which play by Shakespeare are they taken?

(Drowning, that's Shelley...)

Shelley?

Erm, Shelley and The Tempest?

Correct! And finally, "My epitaph shall be my name alone."

These words appear in Hours Of Idleness, a collection

of 1807 by which poet?

Who's left? Go for Byron?

-Try it.

-Byron?

-Byron's right. 10 points for this starter question...

-APPLAUSE

For an 1816 production of which of Mozart's operas

did the Prussian architect and set designer Karl Friedrich Schinkel

create a star-stuffed backdrop,

since then much-imitated, for the entrance of the Queen of the Night?

-BUZZER

-Magic Flute.

-The Magic Flute is correct, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Your first bonuses, Manchester, are on the year 1812.

Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture commemorates the retreat

of the French Army following which major battle of September 1812,

around 100km west of Moscow?

-Borodino.

-Correct.

Now docked in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which American

frigate was nicknamed "Old Ironsides"

after its role in the war of 1812 against Great Britain?

-Constitution.

-Correct.

In May 1812, which British prime minister was assassinated

in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham?

-Spencer Percival.

-Correct. 10 points for this starter question.

-APPLAUSE

Which two initials link the Scottish-born writer

whose most famous creation first appeared in The Little White Bird

in 1902, the Irish author of The Playboy Of The Western World

and the South African novelist and Nobel Laureate...?

-BUZZER

-JM.

-JM is correct.

-APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Manchester, are on tests. Firstly -

after the physiologist who introduced it in 1879

after a railway disaster at Lagerlunda, Sweden,

the Holmgren test was an early scientific test

of what condition?

Hypothermia, maybe?

I don't know.

-Hypothermia.

-No, it's colour vision, or colour blindness.

Named after the Japanese ophthalmologist who devised it,

which common test for colour blindness consists of plates,

each composed of dots of different colours closely packed together?

-Isihara.

-Isihara?

-I think so, yes.

OK. Isihara?

Ishihara is correct, yes.

And finally, explaining our ability to perceive colour in

ambient-coloured environments, the retinex theory of colour vision

was proposed by which scientist and inventor of the Polaroid camera?

Don't know.

Do you know who invented the camera?

I only know Eastman, who was involved in films.

We'll go for that, then. We don't know. Eastman.

No, it was Edwin H Land. 10 points for this.

A professor of radio astronomy at Manchester University from 1951,

who was responsible for building the radio telescope at Jodrell Bank?

It was used to trace Sputnik in the 1960s

and was renamed after the astronomer...

BUZZER

Bernard Lovell.

Bernard Lovell is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Bonuses this time, Manchester,

are on English history and Italian opera.

Rossini had already used his overture to The Barber Of Seville

in an earlier opera about which Queen of England, written in 1815?

THEY CONFER

Was it a sovereign Queen or was it a Queen Regent?

I think it's probably going to be about the reigning sovereign.

Elizabeth I?

It was.

Produced at Milan in 1830, the opera Anna Bolena was the first

work to achieve international recognition for which composer?

THEY CONFER

Monteverdi.

No, it was Donizetti.

And finally, premiered in Paris in 1835, Vincenzo Bellini's final

opera, I Puritani, is a love story set during the time of which war?

The English Civil War.

Correct. We are going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter, you're going to see

a section of the family tree of characters in a 19th-century novel.

10 points if you can give me the missing name

and you can give me either her maiden or her married surname,

but I want her given name, as well.

BUZZER

Bertha Rochester.

Yes! Well done.

APPLAUSE

So, following on that diagram of familiar relations

in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre, you're going to see three more

family trees of characters in novels by the Bronte sisters.

In each case, five points if you can give me the missing given name

and the novel in which the character appears.

Firstly, for five...

I don't know.

Pass.

That is Shirley as in Shirley. Shirley Gerard Moore nee Keeldar.

And secondly...

THEY CONFER

Cathy, Wuthering Heights.

No, that's Frederick Lawrence in The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall.

And finally...

Heathcliff.

-There's a Heathcliff up there.

-No, it's Heathcliff.

-There's another Heathcliff?

-Oh, right, yeah.

I think it's Heathcliff.

OK, if you say so. Heathcliff, Wuthering Heights.

No, it's Hareton Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights.

10 points for this starter question.

Apparently adorning the walls in the Gryffindor common room

in the Harry Potter films,

what title is given to the series of six 15th-century tapestries

more properly housed in the Cluny Museum in Paris?

BUZZER

The Bayeux tapestry.

No.

Manchester, one of you buzz.

The Lady And The Unicorn. 10 points for this.

What term is used in chemistry for the absorption

and retention of a gas within the interstices of the crystal lattice

of a metal or other solid?

In medicine, it indicates total or partial obstruction

of a blood vessel, especially by thrombosis.

BUZZER

Clot.

No. Manchester, one of you buzz.

BUZZER.

Occlusion.

Occlusion is correct.

APPLAUSE

This set of bonuses, Manchester, are on Antarctica.

Which Antarctic sea is named after the British navigator who

discovered it in 1823?

He also gets his name to a type of seal.

THEY CONFER

Weddell.

Weddell is correct.

Lying off the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula,

which sea bears the name of the Russian explorer

who, in 1821, lead the first circumnavigation of Antarctica?

-The Ross Sea is the one...

-Russian.

THEY CONFER

We don't know that one.

It's the Bellingshausen Sea. And finally,

which sea shares its name with the ice shelf at its head...

-That's Ross.

-..lying directly south of New Zealand?

Both are named after a 19th-century British explorer.

Ross.

Correct. 10 points for this.

Which informal term for anyone putting independently of party lines

is thought to have come first to prominence in describing

Republicans who backed

the Democrat Grover Cleveland against the Republican

candidate James G Blaine in the US presidential election of 1884?

BUZZER

Floating voter.

No, one of you buzz from Magdalen.

BUZZER

Cabin burners.

No, they are mugwumps.

10 points for this. Give not the nationality

but the name of the national anthem of which the first words,

in translation, are, "Arise children of the Fatherland..."

BUZZER

Marseillaise.

That's correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses are on the '30s poets, Manchester.

During the 1930s, WH Auden wrote plays including

The Dog Beneath The Skin and The Ascent Of F6

in collaboration with which English-born writer

who emigrated to the USA with him in 1939?

THEY CONFER

JL Carr?

JL Carr.

No, it was Christopher Isherwood.

Born in Belfast,

which poet collaborated with Auden on the 1937 Letters From Iceland,

his other works include Autumn Journal

and The Burning Perch?

THEY CONFER

It's too early but Seamus Heaney.

No, it was Louis MacNeice.

And finally, which poet edited Oxford Poetry with Auden in 1927?

Noted for his translations of Virgil,

he succeed John Masefield as Poet Laureate in 1968.

Betjeman.

No, it was C Day-Lewis. Right, another starter question.

"I pressed the fire control and ahead of me

"rockets blazed through the sky."

These words appear in which 1963 painting...?

BUZZER

Whaam!

That's correct, yes.

Roy Lichtenstein.

Your bonuses this time are on geophysics, Manchester.

What title did the geophysicist Inge Lehmann

use for her article of 1936, presenting evidence

that the earth had a relatively small inner core?

It's one of the shortest titles of an academic paper ever published.

THEY CONFER

I've never heard of it.

-The core.

-The core.

No, it's P".

Able to travel through solids but not liquids, what type

of seismic wave motion is transverse to the direction of propagation?

THEY CONFER

P-waves.

Primary, secondary...

It's S-waves because transverse waves...

I'm going to nominate you, OK.

-Nominate Barr.

-S-waves.

S-waves or secondary waves is correct, yes.

After the title of nobility to which the physicist

John William Strutt succeeded in 1873, what term describes

a seismic surface wave that rolls along the ground?

Kelvin maybe. Kelvin wave.

Kelvin wave?

No, it's a Rayleigh wave.

We are going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you will hear a piece of classical music.

10 points if you can give me the name of the composer.

MUSIC PLAYS

BUZZER

Mahler.

No, you can hear a little more, Manchester.

BUZZER

Brahms.

No, it's Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto. So, music bonuses shortly.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's another starter.

"The most politic historiographer that ever writ."

These words of Thomas Hobbes refer to which historian?

Born near Athens in around 460 BC,

he was the author of the History Of The...

BUZZER

Herodotus.

No, you lose five points. ..History Of The Peloponnesian War.

I'll tell you. It's Thucydides. 10 points for this.

Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are examples of what

type of speciation occurring when a small population colonises

a new habitat at the periphery of the original population?

BUZZER

Implantation.

No. Manchester, one of you buzz.

BUZZER

Microevolution.

No, it's periparty.

10 points for this. Listen carefully.

The three letter ISO4217 currency codes for the Tongan pa'anga

and the Colombian peso together form what rhyming expression,

a colloquial expression for a senior police officer?

BUZZER

Top brass.

Anyone buzz from Manchester?

BUZZER

Top cop.

Top cop is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

You'll recall that sometime last week

we heard Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto.

Your music bonuses are three more classical pieces by composers

who were awarded Mendelssohn scholarships

established by admirers of the composer

after his death in 1847 to help support promising musicians.

In each case, all you have to do is name the composer.

Firstly, this German composer who received a scholarship in 1879.

MUSIC PLAYS

THEY CONFER

Schumann.

No, it was Engelbert Humperdinck.

Secondly, another German-born composer who received

a scholarship in 1919.

MUSIC PLAYS

# Surabaya Johnny Though you're rotten, I know

# Surabaya Johnny God, I love you so

# Surabaya Johnny Why can't I let you go?

# You've got no heart, Johnny... #

Exactly, that's what I was saying...

Let's have it, please.

Kurt Weill.

That's correct, yes.

And finally, this English composer who received a scholarship in 1948.

MUSIC PLAYS

THEY CONFER

Rutter?

No, it's Sir Malcolm Arnold, part of his English Dances.

10 points for this.

"I and my companions suffer from a disease of the heart

"that can only be cured with gold."

These words formed part of a message...

BUZZER

Hernan Cortes.

That's correct. His message to Montezuma.

Right, after that period of indolence, Magdalen,

you get some bonuses on bells.

Inscribed with a verse from the book of Leviticus,

the bell in Philadelphia that was held at the first public reading of

the US Declaration Of Independence is commonly known by what name?

The Liberty Bell.

Correct. Weighing approximately 24,000 kg, the St Peter's Bell

or Fat Peter is the largest in which German Cathedral

close to the River Rhine?

THEY CONFER

Cologne.

Correct. The cracked Tsar Bell also known as the Tsar Kolokol

is a giant bell that stands in the grounds of which building complex?

I would guess the Kremlin.

The Kremlin.

Correct. Right, another starter question.

Listen carefully and answer as soon as your name is called.

If the integers from one to 100 are written in Roman numerals

and then placed in alphabetical order, which comes last?

BUZZER

Five.

Anyone like to buzz from Manchester?

BUZZER

X, sorry, ten.

No, it's 38. 10 points for this.

One of the three women awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011,

Tawakul Karman became a prominent figure in the Arab Spring

protests in which country?

BUZZER

Tunisia.

-One of you buzz from Manchester.

-BUZZER

Egypt.

No, it's Yemen. 10 points for this.

The inactivated vaccine Havrix

confers immunity against which specific strain of a viral disease?

BUZZER

Meningitis C.

Anyone want to have a go from Manchester?

BUZZER

Meningitis B.

No, it's hepatitis A. 10 points for this starter question.

Cape Verde, Oman, St Lucia and Bangladesh are among countries that

joined the United Nations during which decade?

BUZZER

1970s.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on carpets.

Carpet was first manufactured in England in which Wiltshire town

with its loom being patented in 1741?

Competitors soon included Kidderminster and Axminster.

THEY CONFER

Salisbury.

No, it's Wilton.

Named after a town in north-west Iran,

which exhibit in the V&A Museum in London as the world's oldest

dated carpet, having been completed around 1540?

Pass.

It's the Ardabil Carpet.

And finally, which German painter who died in 1543 gave his name

to the small-pattern

and large-pattern types of Turkish rug that appeared in this work?

THEY CONFER

Kranich.

No, it was Hans Holbein the Younger.

Right, we are going to take another picture round now.

For your picture starter,

you will see a still from a film adaptation of a 19th-century novel.

10 points if you can give me the name of the character you see.

BUZZER

Fagan.

Anyone like to buzz from Manchester?

BUZZER

Van Helsing.

It is Van Helsing, yes.

APPLAUSE

Following on from Anthony Hopkins as the vampire hunter

in Francis Ford Coppola's version of Dracula,

your picture bonuses are three more actors who've played

Van Helsing in film versions of Bram Stoker's novel.

In each case, all I want you to do is to identify the actor.

Firstly for five...

-Peter Cushing.

-Peter Cushing.

Correct. Secondly, from a rather loose adaptation...

Mel Brooks. It's Mel Brooks.

It's absolutely Mel Brooks.

Mel Brooks.

It is. And finally...

Is that Laurence Olivier?

It does look like him.

I'm going to go for it.

Laurence Olivier.

Yes.

APPLAUSE

Fingers on buzzers. Here's another starter.

King Stephen, The Ruins Of Athens, Coriolan

and Egmont are among the overtures of which composer born in...

BUZZER

Beethoven.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on orbits.

An orbital solution of the two body problem in Newtonian gravity

and approximated by the paths of long-period comets

in the solar system, what class of orbit results when

an object's kinetic energy plus its potential energy is equal to 0?

Stable?

Stable?

No, it's parabolic. What class of orbit results

when an object's kinetic energy is -1/2 of its potential energy?

Hyperbolic?

Hyperbolic?

No, it's circular.

And finally, what type of orbit has positive kinetic plus

potential energy?

Elliptical, maybe.

Elliptical?

No, that was hyperbolic. 10 points for this.

Excluding the sex chromosomes, how many matched pairs of chromosomes

are there in a normal human somatic cell?

BUZZER

22.

Correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on a royal appointment, Manchester.

During the reign of Charles I, Nicolas Lanier became

the first person appointed to which largely ceremonial position

responsible for composing and performing music

for state occasions?

THEY CONFER

Master Of The King's Music.

Correct. Who was appointed Master Of The King's Music in 1942?

His works include the tone poem Tintagel

and the score for the 1948 film Oliver Twist?

THEY CONFER

Walton.

No, it's Sir Arnold Bax.

And finally, the opera The Lighthouse is a work

by which composer, appointed Master Of The Queen's Music in 2004?

That's Peter Maxwell Davies.

Peter Maxwell Davies.

Correct. Three-and-a-half minutes to go. 10 points for this.

"One day, sir, you may tax it,"

was reportedly the response of Michael Faraday when...

BUZZER

Electricity.

Electricity is correct.

APPLAUSE

Bonuses this time are on exclamation marks, Manchester.

The name of which village on the Bideford Bay is taken from the title

of the novel by Charles Kingsley

and is unusual among British place names

in that it contains an exclamation mark?

THEY CONFER

Westward Ho!

Correct. Released in 1968, what was the first film

with an exclamation mark in the title

to win an Oscar for best picture?

Could it be Hello, Dolly?

Would '68 be a bit late for that?

But I'm going to go for it.

Hello, Dolly!?

Hello, Dolly!

No, it's Oliver!

In 1965, tow UK number one songs

had exclamation marks in their titles.

Go now! by The Moody Blues was one. What was the other?

I want the name of the song and band.

THEY CONFER

Help! by the Beatles.

Correct. 10 points for this.

In addition to the title character, Tennyson's 1842 poem

The Lady Of Shalott mentions one other person by name.

BUZZER

Sir Lancelot.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on English monarchs.

What relation was King Stephen to Henry I?

THEY CONFER

Cousin?

Cousin.

No, he was nephew. James I and VI bore what relation to Henry VII?

THEY CONFER

Great-grandson?

No, great-great-grandson.

And finally, what relation was Edward I to Henry III?

THEY CONFER

Come on.

Son.

He was his son. 10 points for this.

Terms meaning a very small amount of money, an alarmist person,

a light wire mesh and a cowardly disposition

are linked by which bird?

BUZZER

Chicken.

Correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Bonuses, this time, on the states of India.

In which popular state is the city of Varanasi,

one of the seven sacred cities of Hinduism?

THEY CONFER

Let's have it, please.

-Nominate Barr.

-Uttar Pradesh.

Correct. Bordering Uttar Pradesh to the east,

in which state is the city of Gaya,

near which Shakyamuni Buddha attained enlightenment?

Let's have it, please.

Punjab.

No, it's Bihar. The Golden Temple Of Amritsar,

the most important place of Sikh pilgrimage is in which state?

Punjab.

That is in Punjab, yes. 10 points for this.

The open-air collection of sculptures called the Vigeland Park

the Kon-Tiki Museum and the Munch Museum

are in which European capital?

BUZZER

Oslo.

Oslo is right. Your bonuses, this time, are on novels whose titles

are based on phrases from the plays of Shakespeare.

In each case, name the author of the book

and the play from which the title comes.

Firstly, the 1929 novel The Sound And The Fury.

William Faulkner.

Hamlet.

Faulkner and Hamlet.

No, it's William Faulkner and Macbeth.

Secondly, 1962 novel Pale Fire.

THEY CONFER

Let's have it, please.

We don't know.

Vladimir Nabokov and Timon Of Athens.

And finally, the 1932 novel Brave New World.

Huxley, and it's from the Tempest.

Huxley and the Tempest.

Correct. 10 points for this.

GONG

CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

At the Gong, Magdalen College Oxford have 90,

Manchester University have 220.

Well, we're going to have to say

goodbye to you, Magdalen.

It's not really a fair representation of the contest,

I think, that margin of difference.

But we'll have to say goodbye to you, I'm afraid.

Congratulations, Manchester, it's a great score.

We look forward to seeing you in the quarter-finals. Congratulations.

I hope you can join us next time for another second-round match,

but until then it's goodbye

-from Magdalen College Oxford...

-Bye.

-..it's goodbye from Manchester University...

-Goodbye.

..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

APPLAUSE

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