Episode 22 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge. Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Two teams who tasted blood in the first round have come back for more

with one of the three remaining places in the quarter-finals

going to whichever of them wins tonight.

The University of Bristol gained an early lead over Wadham College, Oxford

in their first-round match and managed to stay ahead throughout.

They knew about bile ducts and bikinis, strokes in croquet

and what Tolstoy thought of his bicycle,

and were ahead by 120 points to 105 at the gong.

With an average age of 26, let's meet the Bristol team again.

Hi. I'm James Xiao, from Hampshire, studying Chemistry.

Hello. My name's Andy Suttie. I'm from Kelso in the Scottish Borders

and I'm studying for a Masters degree in Philosophy and History of Science.

-And their captain.

-Hi, I'm Will Brady, from Hertford, and I'm reading Maths.

Hi, my name's Madeleine Fforde.

I'm from Wiltshire, studying for an MA in Classics and Ancient History.

APPLAUSE

The team from Imperial College, London, had a virtual walkover in their first-round match

beating Jesus College, Cambridge, by 225 points to a mere 80.

They knew Twitter, Arthur Miller, and the population of Mongolia

and also discovered that this contest is about the only situation

in which knowing the Albanian for "I love you" brings any actual rewards,

except in Albania, I imagine!

With an average age of 21, let's meet the Imperial team again.

Good evening. My name is Peter Aronica and I come from Italy.

I'm working towards a PhD in Bio-chemistry.

Hello. My name's Dominic Cottrell.

I'm from London and I'm reading Medicine.

-And their captain.

-Hello. My name's Martin Evans. I'm from Appleton in Oxfordshire

and I'm studying Pharmacology.

Hi. I'm Henry Guille, from Cranbrook in Kent, and I'm reading Material Science.

APPLAUSE

OK. You all know the rules. Fingers on buzzers. Here's your first starter for 10.

Which capital city is this?

Situated at an altitude of more than 2,000 metres

on a plateau known as The Mesa Central,

it is one of the largest cities in the world

and has hosted the Summer Olympics...

-Mexico City.

-Mexico City is correct.

So, Imperial College, you get the first set of bonuses.

15 points for these. They're on statesmen.

Then a relatively unknown army officer,

which future head of state made the Appeal of June 18th

to his countrymen on BBC Radio in 1940?

-Could be de Gaulle, yes.

-Yeah. De Gaulle.

-De Gaulle.

-It is Charles de Gaulle.

"If the Germans are beaten, General de Gaulle will return.

"He will be supported by 80 or 90 per cent of the French people

"and I shall be hanged."

Which French politician made that prescient remark in late 1943?

He was executed in 1945.

-Petain.

-No. Petain was never executed.

It was Pierre Laval who was executed.

Quote. "He left France smaller than he found it, true.

"But you can't measure a nation like that.

"As far as France is concerned, he had to happen."

This observation of Charles de Gaulle refers to which historical figure?

Napoleon?

-Napoleon.

-Napoleon I is correct, yes.

Right. Another starter question.

What term describes the temperature below which water vapour and a volume of air precipitates out,

and when the droplets are small enough...

-Dew point.

-Dew point is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

Bristol, your first set of bonuses are on literary advice.

Firstly, for five points, give the sense of the idea that completes this sentence

in Boswell's Life of Dr Johnson.

"Read over your compositions

"and wherever you meet with a passage

"which you think particularly fine..." What?

-I don't know.

-Re-read it?

Re-read it.

No. Delete it. Strike it out.

His achievements including the 1900 version of the Oxford Book of English Verse,

which critic advised his readers to "murder your darlings

"whenever you feel an impulse to perpetrate a piece of exceptionally fine writing."

-Leavis?

-No, Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, Q.

The words "Kill your darlings" are most often attributed to which US Nobel Laureate,

the author of Light in August and As I Lay Dying.

-Faulkner.

-Correct.

Another starter question.

What five-letter word may indicate a number of different plants

including a lily regarded as sacred in Ancient Egypt...

-Lotus.

-Lotus is right, yes.

These bonuses, Imperial College, are on mathematics.

In mathematics, what name denotes the infinite set of real numbers

that are not algebraic, meaning they are not the solution of any polynomial equation

with integer co-efficients?

-Complex numbers.

-No, they're transcendental numbers.

Secondly, E, or Napier's Constant,

was first proved to be transcendental in a paper of 1873

by which French mathematician?

-Laplace.

-No, that was Charles Hermite. And finally,

the first proof that Pi is transcendental

was provided in the 1880s by the German mathematician Ferdinand von Lindemann

and immediately implied that which of the so-called "geometric problems of antiquity" is insoluble?

-The squaring of a circle.

-No.

-The squaring of the circle.

-The squaring of the...

-It's the thing that's 10 in diameter and 30 in circumference.

-No, no, no, it's the squaring of the circle!

-Squaring of a circle.

-Squaring of a circle.

-You were right!

LAUGHTER

Ten points for this. The engineers Sir James Martin and Valentine Baker

made significant contributions to the design and development

of which emergency device, their company having supplied the invention to over 90 air forces

since the 1940s?

-The ejection seat.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Imperial, are on an art form.

What two-word term describes the form of art

that involves the artist's own body

and in which the artwork takes the form of actions carried out by the artist.

QUIET CONFERRING

Come on.

-Action painting.

-No, it's performance art.

Which Belgrade-born performance artist envisaged her own life and death

in a work that had its premiere at the Manchester International Festival in July 2011?

-We don't know.

-That was Marina Abramovic.

Finally, which performance artist, born in a suburb of Melbourne in 1961,

established himself in London from 1980, initially as a fashion designer?

He later became a frequent model for Lucian Freud.

-We don't know.

-That was Leigh Bowery.

We'll take a picture round now. For your picture starter,

you'll see a map with an island highlighted.

Ten points if you can identify the island.

-Baffin Island.

-It is Baffin Island, yes.

For your bonuses, you'll see a map showing three more Canadian islands.

Five points for each island you identify. Firstly.

QUIET CONFERRING

-Victoria Island.

-No, it's Vancouver Island.

Secondly.

-Nova Scotia.

-No, that's Prince Edward Island.

And finally, this one.

-Nova Scotia.

-No, that's Newfoundland.

Ten points for this. "Population, when unchecked,

"increases in a geometrical ratio..."

-Malthus.

-Malthus is correct, yes.

These bonuses are on anagrams.

Which two six-letter anagrams

mean a state of near unconsciousness,

for example as a result of alcohol,

and a variety of cabbage, particularly associated with Christmas.

Sprouts. Sprouts. Sprout and stupor.

-Sprout and stupor.

-Correct.

What six-letter word for a type of wine

is an anagram of an adjective referring to the final part of the large intestine

and a noun indicating a group of companies that operate in agreement

in order to monopolise the market?

Rectal. Rectal, cartel...

-What's the other one?

-A wine.

Rectal, cartel and...

Lecart? Try that.

-Lecart?

-Try Lecart.

Rectal, cartel and lecart.

Rectal, cartel, lecart.

No, it's claret was the one word we wanted there!

Excitation is an anagram of which verb relating to alcohol consumption?

-Intoxicate.

-Intoxicate.

-Correct.

Ten points for this starter question.

Which six-letter word links a feature of adult earthworms known as the clitellum,

a cut of meat containing the loin area...

-Saddle.

-Saddle is right, yes.

Right, your bonuses, Bristol, are on a monarch.

Christina, who abdicated in 1654 and converted to Catholicism

was queen of which country?

-No idea.

-Sweden?

-Sweden.

-Sweden is right, yes.

Invited to Sweden to give Queen Christina tuition in philosophy,

which Frenchman died of pneumonia in 1650

after her 5.00am lessons proved too taxing for someone used to getting out of bed six hours later?

-Descartes.

-Correct. Which composer of vocal music

earned Christina's patronage during her later years in Rome?

He composed the opera "L'honesta negli amori" for her in 1680.

-Nominate Fforde.

-Donizetti?

-No, it's Scarlatti.

Ten points for this starter question. Answer as soon as you buzz.

Ignoring accents, the names of two of the first eight months of the year

may be transformed into their French equivalents

by the substitution of a single...

-V to B.

-No. I'm afraid you lose five points.

..substitution of a single letter. For ten points, name both.

-April and May.

-Correct.

Right. These bonuses are on anatomy.

Firstly, the ascending, transverse and descending

are specifically three of the four sections of which part of the digestive system?

-The large intestine.

-Correct. The colon.

The terminal part of the descending colon has what name after its S shape?

-Ileum.

-No, the sigmoid. Finally,

the cecum is a pouch at the start of the large intestine

that has attached to it which short blind-ended tube?

-The appendix.

-The appendix.

-Correct.

Ten points for this starter question.

You may answer this in Latin or in English.

Directed against Martin Luther,

Henry VIII's treatise Defence of the Seven Sacraments

is the origin of which inscription?

Defense of Fide.

Fidei Defensor, Defender of the Faith is correct.

So you get a set of bonuses this time, Imperial,

on a poet.

"With Mozart and perhaps Goethe,

"he can claim to be the greatest and most universal genius since the Renaissance."

These words of Isaiah Berlin

refer to which Russian poet born in 1799?

-Pushkin.

-Pushkin is right.

Based on the Great Flood of St Petersburg in 1824,

which of Pushkin's poems relate to the fate of the poor clerk Evgenii

who imagines he's chased through the streets by the statue of Peter the Great?

-I think we'd better have an answer, please.

-We don't know.

The Bronze Horseman.

Which of Pushkin's novels in verse

inspired an opera by Tchaikovsky,

a ballet by John Cranko and Vikram Seth's verse novel The Golden Gate?

-Eugene Onegin.

-Onegin is correct, yes.

Right. A music round. For your starter, you'll hear a song from a musical.

Ten points if you can identify the actor performing in this recording.

# Give 'em the old razzle-dazzle

# Razzle-dazzle them... #

-Is that Richard Gere?

-It is Richard Gere, yes.

That was from the 2002 film version of the musical Chicago.

Your music bonuses are three more performances from film versions of stage musicals,

all released in the last ten years.

In each case, I want the name of the actor or actors singing.

Firstly for five.

# Those happy days, they seem so hard to find

# I tried to reach for you

# But you had closed your mind

# Whatever happened to our love

# I wish I understood... #

-Pierce Brosnan in Mamma Mia!

-Put us out of our misery, please! Yes.

It was Pierce Brosnan in Mamma Mia! Secondly...

# You can't stop my happiness

# Cos I like the way I am

# And you just can't stop my knife and fork

# When I see a Christmas ham

# So if you don't like... #

-John Travolta in Hairspray.

-Correct.

And finally, both actors here, please.

# Is that squire on the fire?

-#

-Mercy, no, sir, look closer

-#

-You'll notice it's grocer

# Looks thicker, more like vicar... #

It's Helena Bonham-Carter and Johnny Depp.

In Sweeney Todd.

-Helena Bonham Carter and Johnny Depp in Sweeney Todd.

-Correct. Well done.

APPLAUSE

OK. Another starter question now.

Created by the brothers Thomas and John Knoll,

which computer program was initially named Display?

Its later name has entered the OED as a verb meaning to edit,

manipulate or alter an image digitally using the eponymous...

-Photoshop.

-Photoshop is right, yes.

These bonuses are on lines of latitude, Bristol.

The Tropic of Cancer passes within 20 miles of two Asian capital cities.

Dhaka in Bangladesh is one. What is the other, the capital of Oman?

-Muscat.

-Correct.

Which of the capital cities of South America lies closest to the Tropic of Capricorn

at around 120 miles south of the line?

-Bogota.

-No, it's Asuncion in Paraguay.

Finally, which of the capital cities of South America

lies closest to the Equator?

-Caracas.

-No, it's Quito in Ecuador. Ten points for this.

Containing both the letter W and a double-letter U,

what term from the German denotes a particular philosophy of life or world view?

-Weltanschauung.

-Correct.

These bonuses are on Nobel prize winners, Imperial.

After being nominated every year since the inception of the award,

which Italian biologist shared the 1906 Nobel Prize in medicine

in recognition of his work on the structure of the nervous system?

-Golgi.

-Golgi is correct, yes.

Golgi shared the Nobel Prize with which Spanish hysto-pathologist

whose work led to the conclusion that the nervous system was composed of neurons?

-Ramon Y Cajal.

-Correct.

Finally, Golgi staining involves the impregnation of biological specimens

with what organic compound with the formula Ag NO3?

-Silver Nitrate.

-Silver Nitrate.

-Silver Nitrate, yes.

-Silver Nitrate.

-Music to your ears, that sort of question!

Ten points for this. "Lawn as white as driven snow,

"Cyprus black as e'er was crow."

These lines are from a song in which play by Shakespeare

sung by Autolycus?

-A Winter's Tale?

-Yes.

Your bonuses, Imperial, are on political figures born in 1770.

In each case, name the person from the description.

Firstly, in office from 1812 to 1827,

a prime minister remembered for the years of political and social repression

after the Napoleonic Wars.

I think... British prime minister.

So it should be... '12 to '27...

It should be Liverpool.

-Lord Liverpool.

-It was, yes.

A former leader of the House of Commons

who was killed by Stevenson's Rocket at the opening of the Liverpool to Manchester railway in 1830.

Oh. B... B...

QUIET CONFERRING

He was a former speaker. But he was just there, watching.

And it went wrong in the worst way possible.

I've no idea.

-We've no idea.

-That was William Huskisson.

And finally, briefly prime minister in 1827,

as foreign secretary he'd supported the Greek revolt against the Turks

and the independence of Spain's Latin-American colonies.

-It could be Canning.

-George Canning.

-Try that.

-Could be Canning.

-Try that.

-Canning.

-George Canning is right.

Ten points for this. Listen carefully. The Irish province of Connaught

comprises five counties.

Two are Leitrim and Roscommon.

For ten points name two of the others.

-Sligo and Galway.

-Indeed. And Mayo's the other.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on the US National Underwater and Marine Agency, or NUMA, for short.

Firstly, NUMA is a private American non-profit-making body

founded by which writer and based on a fictional organisation

from his Dirk Pitt series of adventure novels?

We don't know.

That's Clive Cussler. Secondly, for five points,

NUMA has made many maritime finds including that of which ship

noted for its rescue of survivors of The Titanic?

-Carpathia?

-The Carpathia.

Correct. NUMA also located HMS Defence and HMS Invincible,

British cruisers sunk during which battle of 1916?

-Jutland.

-Correct.

A second picture round now. For your picture starter

you'll see a work by a well-known engraver and print maker.

Ten points if you can identify the artist.

-Gustave Dore.

-It is Gustav Dore, yes.

APPLAUSE

So you'll see for your picture bonuses

three works by artists known for their prints and engravings.

Five points for each artist you can identify.

Firstly, for five, this Spanish artist.

-Isn't that Goya?

-Yeah, it's Goya.

-Goya.

-It is Goya.

Secondly, this German artist.

Looks like Durer.

-Durer? Durer.

-It is Durer. And finally,

this British artist.

Is that not Hogarth?

-Yeah.

-Hogarth.

Correct. Another starter question.

Answer as soon as your name is called.

The smallest cyclic number,

what are the six repeating digits of the decimal equivalent

of one seventh?

-1-4-2-8-5-1.

-Anyone like to buzz from Imperial?

7-6-9-2-3-1.

No, it's 1-4-2-8-5-7.

You were nearly right. Another starter question.

"Baal", "Man Equals Man",

"Mother Courage and her Children" and "The Life of Galileo"...

-Bertolt Brecht.

-Bertolt Brecht is correct.

These bonuses are on astronomy. After impressing Lowell Observatory

with results from his home-made telescope,

Clyde Tombaugh was hired as a junior astronomer

and discovered which astronomical object in 1930?

-Pluto.

-Correct. Which planet of the solar system

was the first to be found by mathematical prediction

rather than direct observation?

-Neptune.

-Correct. Which German-born astronomer

discovered Uranus in 1781?

-Herschel.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

In which city is the Palais des Nations

built between 1929 and 1936 as the headquarters of the League of Nations?

-Geneva.

-Geneva is correct, yes.

These bonuses are on pairs of composers born in the same year.

In each case, name both the composers from the works listed. Firstly,

the composers of the opera Lucia di Lammermoor

and the Symphony Number 8 in B Minor, "The Unfinished"

both born 1797.

-The first one's Donizetti...

-And The Unfinished is Schubert.

Schubert.

-Unfinished...

-Schubert.

Donizetti and Schubert.

Correct. The composers of the operas Falstaff and Rienzi,

both born in 1813.

Verdi and... Who's Rienzi?

Rienzi.

QUIET CONFERRING

-Bellini?

-I haven't a clue.

Try Verdi and Bellini, although I don't know about Bellini.

-Verdi and Bellini.

-No, it's Verdi and Wagner.

Finally, the composers of the Karelia Suite and The Sorcerer's Apprentice,

both born in 1865.

The second one is Dukas. And the first one... What was it?

-Karelia.

-Karelia Suite. Do you know that one?

Let's have it, please.

-Chopin and Dukas.

-That's fine.

-Chopin and Dukas.

-No, it's Sibelius and Dukas.

Ten points for this. Bean, Mitchell, Irwin, Cernan and Schmidt are the surnames of...

Apollo 17. Apollo 17.

No. You lose five points. ..12 men who performed what specific feat

between 1969 and '72.

Went on the moon.

-I don't think I'll accept that. Walked on the moon is what I wanted.

-OK.

Another starter question now.

Accompanied by about 80 men including the novelist Daniel Defoe,

which pretender to the throne landed on the beach at Lyme Regis...

Bonnie Prince Charlie.

Nope. You lose five points. ..On June 11 1685.

-James II.

-No, it was James Scott, the first Duke of Monmouth. Ten points for this.

In mathematics, goniometry is the measurement of angles.

In medicine, it is the specific measurement of what?

It's the range of movement of joints. Ten points for this.

Produced by Studio Ghibli in Japan,

the animated film "Arrietty" is based on which children's...

-The Borrowers.

-The Borrowers is correct.

These bonuses for you, Bristol, are on a word element.

The marine snails of the family Muricidae exude a yellow fluid

that, when exposed to sunlight, becomes a dye of what colour

associated with royalty in ancient times?

-Purple.

-Purple.

-Correct.

Which member of the Muridae family of rodents

has species that include flat-haired and pygmy?

-Shrew.

-No, it's mouse.

In plants, muriform cells

are so-called because they're arranged regularly in a pattern that resembles what?

Wall?

-A wall.

-Wall is correct. Yes. Two and a half minutes to go. Ten points for this.

First performed in 1850 and 1882,

which two operas by Richard Wagner bear the names of a son and his father?

Daedalus and Icarus.

No. Anyone buzz from Imperial?

It's Lohengrin and Parsifal. Ten points for this.

The mean population density of which EU member state

is closest to that of the United Kingdom?

Belgium.

Nope.

-Holland.

-No, it's Germany. Ten points for this.

According to Edward Lear, which pair dined on mince and slices of...

-The Owl and the Pussycat.

-Yes. Well done.

Your bonuses are on battlefields.

In each case, name the English country in which these took place.

The Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485?

-Nottinghamshire.

-No, Leicestershire.

Secondly, the Battle of Naseby on June 14, 1645.

-Warwickshire.

-No, Northamptonshire.

Finally, the Battle of Sedgemoor on July 6, 1685.

-Yorkshire.

-No, Somerset. Ten points for this.

What work, first performed in 1899

was dedicated to "My friends pictured within"?

-Enigma Variations.

-Well done.

Your bonuses are on botany, Imperial College. From the Greek for wood,

what term denotes the supportive tissue which conducts water in vascular plants?

-Xylem.

-Correct. What is the name for the lateral meristem between the xylem and the phloem?

It's not like, um...

-Oh, God, parenchyma?

-Come on.

-Parenchyma.

No, it's the cambium. Phloem is derived from the Greek word phloos, meaning what?

-Pipe.

-Flow?

No, it's not flow.

Come on, let's have it, please.

-Pipe.

-No, it's bark. Ten points for this.

Give the chemical symbol that comes next in this sequence.

B, C, N, O, F and..?

-Ne.

-Correct.

These are bonuses now on Members of Parliament for you, Imperial College.

In each case, name the MP who was succeeded by the following.

First, who was succeeded by George Osborne as MP for Tatton in 2001?

-Come on, please.

-Pass.

-Pass.

-That's Martin Bell.

Who was succeeded by the Alliance's Naomi Long in Belfast East in 2010?

Paisley?

-Let's have it, please.

-Ian Paisley.

-No, it was Peter Robinson...

-GONG

-..his bag carrier.

And at the gong, Bristol have 115,

Imperial College, London, have 245.

Bristol, you were up against pretty formidable opposition tonight.

So we shall have to say goodbye to you.

But thank you very much for playing.

Imperial, you were on terrific form. We look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals.

I hope you can join us next time, but until then,

-it's goodbye from Bristol University...

-Bye!

-..and goodbye from Imperial College...

-Goodbye.

..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

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