Episode 28 University Challenge


Episode 28

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APPLAUSE

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University Challenge. Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

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Hello. So far, we've seen University College, London, Manchester University

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and St George's, London, win the first of the two quarter-final victories

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our draconian rules demand if they're to secure a place in the semi-finals.

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Tonight, Oxford plays Cambridge

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with two sister colleges competing

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for the first of their quarter-final victories.

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Whichever team loses will then have just one more chance to stay in the contest.

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A full copy of the quarter-final procedure is available on our website - in Sanskrit!

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The team from New College, Oxford,

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dominated Homerton College, Cambridge,

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throughout their first-round match

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and were 85 points ahead at the gong.

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They then had a slow start against York University in Round Two

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before drawing even around the half-way mark.

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After which they had things pretty much their own way

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and eventually won by a margin of 70 points.

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With an average age of 20, let's meet the New College team again.

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Hello. I'm Remy Beecroft.

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I'm from Hertfordshire, studying Psychology and Philosophy.

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Hi. I'm India Lenon.

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I'm from London and I'm studying Classics.

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-And their captain.

-Hi, I'm Andrew Hood, from Warwickshire, studying Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

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I'm Tom Cappleman from Bracknell in Berkshire

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and I'm studying Mathematics.

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APPLAUSE

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Also with an average age of 20,

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the team from King's College, Cambridge,

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took their time getting here, losing their first-round match

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against the medics of St George's, London.

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They survived by the clemency of the highest-scoring losers rule

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and then they, too, beat Homerton College, Cambridge, in their play-offs.

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Round Two saw them win against Warwick University

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even though they scored their points only in the opening and closing minutes.

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Let's see if they can manage to stay alert throughout the whole contest this time

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as we meet them for the fourth time.

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Hello. I'm Curtis Gallant.

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I'm from north London, studying Classics.

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Hi. I'm Amber Ace, from Crieff in Perthshire, and I'm also studying Classics.

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-And their captain.

-Hi. I'm Fran Middleton from Chorleywood in Hertfordshire

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and I'm doing a PhD in Classics.

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Hi. I'm James Gratrex. I'm from Leeds and I'm reading Physics.

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OK. You all know the rules better than I do, doubtless,

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so fingers on buzzers. Here's the first starter for ten.

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What surname is shared by the 13th-century philosopher and scientist

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also known as Dr Mirabilis,

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a philosopher and statesman knighted by James I

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and a Dublin-born artist who painted the 1945...

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-Bacon.

-Bacon is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses are on rule books, King's College.

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First published in 1844,

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the book commonly referred to as Erskine May

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is a reference work detailing the laws, privileges and procedures

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of which body?

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-Stars.

-No, Parliament.

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Also known by the name of the peer who endorsed them,

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"No shoes or boots with springs allowed",

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and "no hugging",

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are among the rules drawn up in 1867 for which sport?

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-Boxing?

-Boxing.

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Correct. Marquis of Queensberry's rules.

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"Of obedience", "Of humility" and "Of excommunication for faults"

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are chapters in the monastic rule of which saint

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who gives his name to a major monastic order?

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Benedict. Or Dominic as well.

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I don't know. I don't know which one.

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-Francis of Assisi?

-No, St Benedict.

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Ten points for this.

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From the Greek for "belonging to the whole world",

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what adjective is used to...

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-Cosmopolitan.

-No, you lose five points.

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..is used to mean representing the whole of the Christian church

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and is specifically applied to the General Councils of the early church

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and of the present-day Roman Catholic church?

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-Catholic.

-No, it's ecumenical. Ten points for this.

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What polygon links the 18 segments of the James Webb space telescope mirror,

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20 of the faces of the Buckminsterfullerene molecule,

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most of the basalt columns in the Giant's Causeway...

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-Hexagon.

-Hexagon is correct, yes.

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Your first set of bonuses, New College, are on roses.

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"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may

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"Old time is still a-flying

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"And this same flower that smiles today

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"Tomorrow will be dying."

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Who wrote those words in a poem in a poem of 1648,

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part of the collection known as Hesperides?

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-John Dunne.

-No, it was by Herrick.

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"The rainbow comes and goes, and lovely is the rose."

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Which romantic poet wrote those words?

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-Byron.

-Wordsworth. Intimations of Immortality.

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Finally, "Treaties, you see, are like girls and roses.

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"They last while they last."

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Who made this statement in a speech at the Elysee Palace in 1963?

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-Charles de Gaulle.

-Correct. Ten points for this starter question.

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The figure of which ancient Greek god

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appears in the wedding procession of Theseus and Hippolyta

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in The Two Noble Kingsmen, attributed to Shakespeare and Fletcher.

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In As You Like It, he restores Rosalind to her father

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and performs the nuptial ritual.

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-Apollo?

-No. King's College, one of you buzz.

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Hermes?

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No, it's Hymen. Ten points for this.

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The Australian philosopher D.C.Stove

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used the name of which fictional character

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to describe an effect whereby a philosophical theory

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makes a sole exception of itself,

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and thereby claims to escape from the fate to which it condemns all other discourse.

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The idea comes from the words, "And I only am escaped to tell thee,"

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in the character's epilogue to Moby Dick.

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Ahab.

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No. New College, one of you buzz.

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-Billy Budd.

-Billy Budd?! No, it's Ishmael! Ten points for this.

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What four-letter prefix links the name of the layer of the Earth's atmosphere

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between the stratosphere and the thermosphere...

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Meso.

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Meso is correct. Yes.

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These bonuses are on chemistry, New College.

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The winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903,

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which Swedish scientist defined an acid as a substance

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"that can yield hydrogen ions when it dissociates in a solution"?

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-Niels Bohr?

-No, it's Arrhenius.

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Secondly, based on independently postulated theories

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by the Danish and English chemists after whom it is named,

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which definition of an acid describes it as a substance

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that can transfer a proton to another substance such as the solvent when it occurs in solution?

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-We don't know.

-Bronsted-Lowry.

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And finally, in 1923, which US chemist gave an even more general definition of an acid

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as a substance with an affinity for electron pairs contributed by bases

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which themselves contain unshared electron pairs?

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-We don't know.

-Gilbert Lewis.

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Right. Our first picture round.

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For your picture starter, you'll see a map of the flight path of an air operation

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of the Second World War.

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Ten points if you can name the operation.

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-Dambusters.

-Dambusters' Operation Chastise. Yes.

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Your bonuses, New College, are maps of three more air operations of World War II,

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all involving carrier-borne aircraft.

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You'll see a mark on a map where the battle took place.

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Five points if you can name the battle.

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Firstly, this map depicts which sea battle?

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-The Battle of Medway?

-No, I can't accept Medway. It's Midway.

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Secondly, identify the sea port attacked here.

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-Taranto?

-Correct.

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Finally, this map shows the operation to sink which ship?

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-The Bismarck.

-Correct.

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Ten points for this.

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"Nice to see you", "Tea, Ern", "Please yourselves", and "Ooh, no, missus",

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are among over 1,000 catchphrases

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displayed on a comedy carpet of concrete and granite

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unveiled in October 2011 in which seaside town?

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Brighton.

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Anyone want to buzz from New College?

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-Blackpool.

-Blackpool is correct, yes.

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These bonuses, New College, are on 20th-century French theatre.

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Firstly, for five points, the works of which French playwright

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include Antigone in 1943 and Beckett in 1959,

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the latter being adapted for the cinema with Richard Burton in the title role?

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-Sartre.

-No, Jean Anouilh.

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Secondly, for five points, one of the most prominent playwrights of the late 20th century

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whose work includes Sallinger, Roberto Zucco and In the Solitude of the Cottonfields.

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Bernard Henri Levy?

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No, Bernard-Marie Koltes.

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And finally, which 1955 play by Yasmina Reza concerns the argument between three friends

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over a 200,000-franc white on white painting?

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-We don't know.

-"Art".

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Ten points for this.

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Listen carefully. By counting the number of letters in each word,

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the mnemonic "To disrupt a playroom is commonly a practice of children..."

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-E.

-E is correct, yes.

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Right. Your bonuses, this time, New College,

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are on African countries and their coastlines,

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according to the CIA World Factbook.

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Five points for this.

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Ahead of South Africa and Morocco,

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which country has the longest coastline of any on the African continent,

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more than 3,000 kilometres in length?

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Um, Mauritania?

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No, Somalia.

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Of the countries of West Africa, two have coastlines of less than 100 kilometres.

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One is Gambia. Which is the other?

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-Let's go Benin.

-No, it's Togo.

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Benin is a bit longer, apparently.

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Finally, the shortest coastline of any country in Africa

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is 37 kilometres long

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on either side of the estuary of which major river

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after which the country is named?

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INAUDIBLE

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Nominate Beecroft.

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-The Republic of Congo.

-No, I asked for the river. It's The Congo. Ten points for this.

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The name of which flower can be preceded by the words

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pot, corn, French and marsh?

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It's sometimes said to be named after the Virgin Mary

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and the common or pot species has the binomial...

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-Marigold.

-Correct, yes.

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New College, these bonuses are on thought experiments.

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In his 1641 work, Meditations on First Philosophy,

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which French philosopher examined the nature of scepticism

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by invoking a putative "deceiver"?

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-Descartes.

-Correct.

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In the 1981 work, Reason, Truth and History,

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which US philosopher considers the possibility

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that life is a delusive experience

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produced by the electrical stimulation of a brain in a vat?

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-Hilary Putnam.

-Correct.

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Born in 1831, which Scottish physicist

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created a hypothetical demon in his Theory of Heat,

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to illustrate the possibility of violating the second law of thermodynamics?

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-James Maxwell?

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Ten points for this. Listen carefully.

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If the names of all the English cities

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that contain a Church of England cathedral

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are listed in alphabetical order,

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which comes last?

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-York.

-York is correct, yes.

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Your bonuses, New College, are on given names and their anagrams.

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In each case, give both words from the explanation or definition.

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Firstly, the given name of the author of Nights at the Circus

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and the principal ore of lead.

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-No, we don't know.

-It's Angela, as in Carter and galena.

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Secondly, the regnal name of six popes,

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including one Englishman, and the derived Si unit of plane angle.

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Radian and Adrian.

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-Radian and Adrian.

-Correct.

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Finally, the king of Wessex

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who excelled in both rule and scholarship

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and a term meaning wider at one end than the other, as of nostrils or trousers.

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-Alfred and flared.

-Correct.

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We're going to take a music round.

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For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of classical music.

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All you have to do to get ten points is name the composer.

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Oh. Um...Schubert.

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It is Schubert, yes. Symphony Number Eight.

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Which you, of course, know was performed 37 years after the composer's death.

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For your music bonuses, you'll hear three more classical pieces

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first performed posthumously.

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Again, in each case, I want the name of the composer, please.

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Firstly, this French composer.

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JAUNTY ORCHESTRAL PIECE

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Nominate Gratrex.

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-Delibes.

-No, it's Bizet,

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his Symphony in C.

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Secondly, this Czech composer.

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DRAMATIC ORCHESTRAL PIECE

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-Dvorak?

-Dvorak is correct.

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Symphony Number One. Finally, the Italian composer of this opera.

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WOMAN SINGS LAMENT

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-Puccini?

-It is, from Turandot. Yes. Ten points for this.

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In which order of mammals are the structures known as baleen plates seen?

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Composed...

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Um, whales.

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Correct. Yes. Cetacea.

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These bonuses, King's College, are on gases.

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In joules per Kelvin per mole,

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what is the numerical value to the nearest integer

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of the gas constant that appears in the ideal or perfect gas equation?

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8.21, so eight.

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To the nearest integer. OK. Eight.

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Correct. What name is given to the ratio of the molar volume of a non-perfect gas

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to the molar volume of a perfect gas at the same pressure and temperature?

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-No idea. Two to one.

-Two to one.

-No, the compression factor.

0:16:170:16:21

Derived from the Latin for "force",

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what name is given to the series of coefficients

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that appear in the generalised formulation of the perfect gas equation for non-perfect gases?

0:16:250:16:29

-The Latin for force.

-Oh, Latin for force. Sorry.

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I don't know.

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-Vis?

-No, it's virial coefficients.

0:16:400:16:43

Ten points for this.

0:16:430:16:45

The letters NSS stand for which pressure group?

0:16:450:16:48

Founded by Charles Bradlaugh in 1866, it describes...

0:16:480:16:52

-The National Secular Society.

-Correct.

0:16:530:16:55

These bonuses are on the solar system, New College.

0:16:580:17:01

The extensive volcanic region known as Elysium Planitia is found on which planet?

0:17:010:17:06

-Venus.

-No, it's Mars.

0:17:140:17:16

The Valhalla multi-ringed impact crater is on which moon of Jupiter?

0:17:160:17:21

-Io.

-No, it's Callisto.

0:17:240:17:26

Finally, which moon of Saturn has many of its geographical regions

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named after mythological paradises

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including the Ancient Egyptian Aaru,

0:17:320:17:35

Malaysian Belet and Sumerian Dilmun?

0:17:350:17:37

-Titan.

-Correct. Another starter question.

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"Eternal President of the Republic" is, according to the preface of his country's revised 1998 constitution,

0:17:500:17:57

the formal...

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Kim Jong-il.

0:17:580:18:00

No. You lose five points. ..the formal title of which political figure

0:18:000:18:04

who had died four years earlier?

0:18:040:18:06

-Kim Il-sung.

-Kim Il-sung is correct, yes.

0:18:090:18:11

Your bonuses are on a 16th-century pope.

0:18:130:18:15

Which pope gives his name to a reform of the Julian calendar

0:18:150:18:18

introduced in 1582?

0:18:180:18:20

It was finally adopted in Britain in 1752.

0:18:200:18:24

Gregor.

0:18:240:18:26

The fourth.

0:18:260:18:28

No, Gregory XIII.

0:18:280:18:29

At which event in Paris in August 1572 did Gregory celebrate with a Te Deum mass

0:18:290:18:36

and the striking of a commemorative medal bearing the Latin words "Ugunottorum Strages"?

0:18:360:18:40

-Easter.

-No, it's The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

0:18:470:18:51

Finally, built by Gregory in 1574,

0:18:510:18:53

which palace in Rome has, since 1948,

0:18:530:18:56

been the residence of the Italian president?

0:18:560:18:58

-Sorry, don't know.

-The Quirinale.

0:19:060:19:08

Ten points for this. What final three letters link the surname of the author of The Motorcycle Diaries

0:19:080:19:14

and the first cricketer to score 500 runs in...

0:19:140:19:18

-A-R-A.

-Correct.

0:19:190:19:21

Your bonuses, now, New College, are on world rulers.

0:19:240:19:27

I will read a list of rulers who were on the throne or in power

0:19:270:19:30

during the first year of a given century.

0:19:300:19:32

In each case, just give me the century.

0:19:320:19:36

Firstly, Vasudeva the first of the Kushan empire,

0:19:360:19:40

Vologaeses the fifth of Parthia,

0:19:400:19:42

and the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus?

0:19:420:19:44

-The third century.

-Correct.

0:19:510:19:53

Yohl Ik'nal, queen of the Maya city of Palenque,

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the Byzantine Emperor Maurice

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and the Empress Suiko of Japan.

0:20:010:20:03

-12th.

-No, it was the seventh century.

0:20:160:20:17

Finally, Charles the Simple of France,

0:20:170:20:20

Arpad, Prince of the Hungarians

0:20:200:20:22

and Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons.

0:20:220:20:25

-Tenth.

-It is the tenth, yes.

0:20:310:20:33

Another picture round now. For your picture starter you'll see a painting of a Biblical scene.

0:20:330:20:37

For ten points I want the name of the figure on the left.

0:20:370:20:40

-Bathsheba.

-No. Anyone like to buzz from King's College?

0:20:460:20:49

Jezebel.

0:20:500:20:52

No, it's Salome, the daughter of Herodius.

0:20:520:20:55

So picture bonuses shortly.

0:20:550:20:57

Another starter question in the meantime.

0:20:570:21:00

Mutually intelligible with Hindi to a great extent,

0:21:000:21:03

but written in a different script...

0:21:030:21:05

-Urdu.

-Urdu is correct, yes.

0:21:050:21:08

In the picture starter you saw a painting by Gustav Moreau

0:21:100:21:13

of Salome dancing before King Herod.

0:21:130:21:15

Your picture bonuses are three more paintings of Salome.

0:21:150:21:18

In each case, simply name the artist.

0:21:180:21:20

Firstly, for five, this Italian painter.

0:21:200:21:22

-Caravaggio.

-No, that's by Titian.

0:21:260:21:28

Secondly, this German painter.

0:21:280:21:30

-Who painted at that sort of era?

-It's not Hieronymus Bosch, is it?

0:21:400:21:45

Hieronymus Bosch.

0:21:450:21:46

No, it's Cranach the Younger.

0:21:460:21:48

Finally, this Italian painter.

0:21:480:21:50

-That could be Caravaggio. I don't know.

-Caravaggio.

0:21:500:21:55

It is, yes. Ten points for this.

0:21:550:21:57

In organic chemistry, which flammable gas

0:21:570:21:59

has the molecular formula C3H8?

0:21:590:22:03

Ephine? No.

0:22:060:22:08

Anyone like to buzz from New College?

0:22:080:22:10

-Propane.

-Propane is correct.

0:22:110:22:13

These bonuses, New College, are on lines about books in plays by Shakespeare.

0:22:150:22:20

In each case identify the play and the character speaking.

0:22:200:22:23

"Knowing I love my books,

0:22:230:22:25

"he furnished me from mine own library

0:22:250:22:27

"with volumes that I prize above my dukedom."

0:22:270:22:30

-Hamlet.

-No, it's Prospero in The Tempest.

0:22:320:22:36

"I'll read enough when I do see the very book indeed where all my sins are writ, and that's myself."

0:22:360:22:42

-Othello.

-No, that's Richard II in Richard II.

0:22:510:22:54

And finally, "Your face, my thane, is as a book where men may read strange matters."

0:22:540:23:00

-Macbeth.

-It is Macbeth, but the character?

0:23:000:23:03

-Macduff?

-No, it's Lady Macbeth. Ten points for this.

0:23:030:23:08

What word of four letters forms compound nouns when preceding fall, fill, form, line,

0:23:080:23:14

lord, lady, mark and slide?

0:23:140:23:17

-Land.

-Correct.

0:23:180:23:20

These bonuses are on physics, King's College.

0:23:230:23:25

The phase speed of a surface ocean wave travelling in deep water

0:23:250:23:29

depends on the restoring force raised to what power?

0:23:290:23:33

-Two.

-Two.

0:23:380:23:40

No, it's half.

0:23:400:23:42

Small waves on the surface of water, called capillary waves

0:23:420:23:45

are subject to what main restoring force?

0:23:450:23:48

-Air resistance.

-No, surface tension.

0:23:550:23:57

What is the dominant restoring force at larger scales?

0:23:570:24:00

You know, sort of gravity. The moon.

0:24:070:24:10

-Gravity.

-Gravity is correct, yes!

0:24:100:24:12

Four minutes to go. Ten points for this.

0:24:120:24:14

In which Asian capital is Coronation Park, the site of several durbars, or assemblies,

0:24:140:24:19

including one of 1911 that marked the coronation of King George V?

0:24:190:24:23

-Delhi.

-Delhi is correct, yes.

0:24:250:24:28

Your bonuses this time are on Greek mythology.

0:24:280:24:32

In each case, name the third member of the trio described.

0:24:320:24:35

As named by Hesiod, who is the third of the Graces after Aglaea and Euphrosyne?

0:24:350:24:39

-Charite, is it?

-Charite.

0:24:390:24:43

No, it's Thaleia. As named by Virgil,

0:24:430:24:45

who is the third of the Furies, after Alekto and Megaera?

0:24:450:24:48

I know this.

0:24:480:24:50

-We don't know. Sorry.

-It's Tisiphone.

0:24:570:24:59

And finally, also named by Hesiod,

0:24:590:25:01

who was the third of the Gorgons after Stheno and Euryale?

0:25:010:25:04

-Medusa.

-Medusa is right. Ten points for this. Three minutes to go.

0:25:040:25:08

Which major city in the Ukraine was the scene of the mutiny on The Battleship Potemkin

0:25:080:25:13

in 1905?

0:25:130:25:15

-Kiev?

-No. King's College, one of you buzz.

0:25:180:25:21

Dnipropetrovsk.

0:25:240:25:26

No, it's Odessa. Ten points for this.

0:25:260:25:28

Founded in 1961, the IUGS is a body devoted to international cooperation

0:25:280:25:33

in which field of science?

0:25:330:25:35

-Geology.

-Correct.

0:25:370:25:39

Bonuses are on ancient art, this time.

0:25:410:25:44

In which country is Blombos Cave, the site of the discovery

0:25:440:25:47

of several pieces of engraved ochre that date to before 75,000 BC?

0:25:470:25:52

-Norway.

-No, South Africa.

0:25:540:25:56

Discovered in the 1860s,

0:25:560:25:58

which cave in the Spanish region of Cantabria

0:25:580:26:00

contains rock paintings that date to around 14,000 BC?

0:26:000:26:04

No. Don't know. Sorry.

0:26:100:26:12

Altamira. Which cave in the Dordogne region of France

0:26:120:26:15

is also noted for its prehistoric rock paintings

0:26:150:26:18

discovered by accident by a group of children in 1940?

0:26:180:26:21

-Lascaux.

-Correct.

0:26:210:26:22

Ten points for this. The main cemetery of which city

0:26:220:26:25

is the last resting place of composers including Brahms, Schubert and Beethoven?

0:26:250:26:29

Berlin.

0:26:330:26:34

Anyone like to buzz from New College? Quickly.

0:26:340:26:37

-Salzburg.

-No, Vienna. Ten points for this.

0:26:380:26:40

A set of knotted cords hanging from a bar or central cord...

0:26:400:26:44

Incan empire. Incas.

0:26:450:26:47

Inca is correct, yes.

0:26:470:26:49

Your bonuses are on Scottish monarchs.

0:26:520:26:53

Which king of Scotland died fighting a rebellion at the Battle of Sauchieburn in 1488?

0:26:530:26:58

-James IV.

-No, James III.

0:27:010:27:03

James IV invaded England and was killed when his army was decisively defeated at which battle of 1513?

0:27:030:27:10

-Flodden.

-Battle of Flodden.

-Correct.

0:27:120:27:13

James V died in 1542

0:27:130:27:16

shortly after his army's defeat in which battle named in part after a major British estuary?

0:27:160:27:20

Come on.

0:27:220:27:24

-Tyne.

-No. Solway Moss.

0:27:250:27:27

Ten points for this. What illegal activity links "Swing" in 1830

0:27:270:27:31

with "Gordon" in 1780...

0:27:310:27:33

-Riots.

-Riots is correct.

0:27:340:27:35

These bonuses are about blood clotting.

0:27:370:27:40

During the blood clotting process,

0:27:400:27:41

which enzyme converts fibrinogen, a soluble protein,

0:27:410:27:45

into fibrin, an insoluble one?

0:27:450:27:47

Quickly.

0:27:470:27:49

-Protease.

-No, thrombin.

0:27:490:27:51

Which anticoagulant produced in the body

0:27:510:27:54

inhibits the action of the enzyme thrombin...

0:27:540:27:56

-GONG

-At the gong, King's College Cambridge have 125.

0:27:560:27:59

New College Oxford have 165.

0:27:590:28:01

Well, you were coming back at the end,

0:28:050:28:08

but you didn't come back far enough or fast enough, I'm afraid.

0:28:080:28:11

But you do get to play again, sorry to have to tell you,

0:28:110:28:14

and New College, you get to play again as well.

0:28:140:28:17

That's the first of your necessary two victories to go through to the semi-finals.

0:28:170:28:21

I hope you can join us next time for another quarter-final match.

0:28:210:28:25

-Until then, it's goodbye from King's College Cambridge.

-Bye!

0:28:250:28:28

-And goodbye from New College Oxford.

-Bye.

0:28:280:28:30

And goodbye from me. Goodbye.

0:28:300:28:32

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0:28:560:28:59

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