Episode 21 University Challenge

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

APPLAUSE

Hello. Whichever team wins tonight's Cambridge derby will earn a place in the quarter-finals,

putting themselves one step closer to the glory, laud and honour of being named series champions

and the losers will be cast into oblivion.

The team from Trinity College, Cambridge achieved the highest score in round one

when they beat Christ Church, Oxford by 300 points to 150.

They knew all about the philosopher Epictetus, the broken windows theory, indigenous languages

and pretty much everything else.

They stopped scoring at one point, seemingly out of politeness to their opponents.

Tonight, we'll see if the result was a fluke or if they can repeat it.

With an average age of 20, let's meet the Trinity team again.

Hi, I'm Matthew Ridley from Northumberland

and I'm studying Economics.

Hi, I'm Filip Drnovsek Zorko from Slovenia, studying Natural Sciences.

-Their captain.

-Hello, I'm Ralph Morley from Ashford in Kent

and I'm studying Classics.

I'm Richard Freeland from Glamorgan and I'm studying Mathematics.

APPLAUSE

The team from Peterhouse, Cambridge also had an impressive round one match,

despite spending the first few minutes on minus five after losing their way on the Divine Comedy.

They hit their stride with questions on Bismarck, the Fibonacci sequence and the Boat Race numbers

and dominated the second half, winning by 250 points to the 145 of Balliol College, Oxford.

They have an average age of 21, making them positive Methuselahs.

Let's meet Peterhouse again.

Hi, I'm Mark Smith, originally from Colchester,

and I'm studying for a PhD in Theology.

Hello, I'm Edmund Zimmer from Twickenham. I'm reading Classics.

-Their captain.

-Hi, I'm Alex Davis from Dorchester in Oxfordshire

and I'm studying Physics.

Hello, I'm Melanie Etherton from Exeter. I'm reading Natural Sciences.

APPLAUSE

You all know the rules - ten points for starters, 15 for bonuses,

five-point penalties for incorrect starter interruptions.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

What given name is shared by the Nobel Laureate

who formulated the exclusion principle in quantum physics, the author of...

-Wolfgang.

-Wolfgang is correct, yes.

Your bonuses then, Trinity College, are on monarchs.

Which British monarch had four uncles who were themselves kings,

including Ernest Augustus who inherited the throne of Hanover?

-That's going to be Edward VII because Ernest...

-Hanover.

-Edward VII.

-No, Victoria.

Katherine Swynford was the great-grandmother of Edward IV and Richard III

and great-great-grandmother to Henry VII and his wife.

Of which royal figure was she the third wife?

Edward III, I think?

-Edward III.

-No, it was John of Gaunt.

Born around 1122, who was married to two kings,

one of France, the other of England, and was the mother of two more?

-Eleanor of Aquitaine.

-Yeah.

Ten points for this. In Britain, which scheme enables registered charities

to reclaim the basic rate tax...

-Gift Aid.

-Gift Aid is right, yes.

These bonuses are on Presidents of the Royal Society.

The President of the Royal Society from 1727 to 1741, Sir Hans Sloane's estate formed part

of the original collection of which national institution?

-The British Museum.

-Correct. Joseph Banks was the President of the Royal Society for more than 40 years.

From 1768 to 1771, he had served as naturalist on which navigator's voyage of discovery?

-Captain Cook.

-Correct. Joseph Hooker became the President of the Royal Society in 1873

and also served for 20 years as the director of which institution in south-west London?

I think he was a botanist.

Are there any sort of botanical gardens?

-I don't know.

-Do the Royal Botanical Gardens exist?

-That's at Kew. The Royal Botanical Gardens.

-Exactly, at Kew, yes. Ten points for this.

What is the common name of the marine arthropod Limulus polyphemus?

Sometimes called a living fossil...

-Brachiopod.

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..an extract of its blood cells is used in the detection of bacterial endotoxins.

-Is it the horseshoe crab?

-It is, yes.

These first bonuses for you, Peterhouse, are on French wine-making regions.

Which region in Burgundy is situated between Macon and Lyon?

It's known predominantly for red wine made from Gamay grapes

and its finest wines come from ten villages, each of which has its own individual appellation.

-Languedoc?

-No, it's Beaujolais.

The appellation around Pauillac contains three

of the five Premier Grand Cru Classe chateaux in the Bordeaux region.

Lafite Rothschild and Mouton Rothschild are two. What is the third?

-Nominate Zimmer.

-Petrus?

No, it's Latour. What is France's northernmost wine-growing region?

The cool weather inhibits the grapes from ripening fully

and the resultant high acidity gives rise to a distinctive product.

-Chablis.

-Chablis?

No, it's champagne. Ten points for this.

The American Spelling Book and The American Dictionary Of The English Language

are works by which lexicographer?

-Noah Webster.

-Correct.

Right, these bonuses are on gases.

Which British scientist gave his name to the law formulated in 1803

which stated that the solubility of a gas in a liquid

is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas?

-Charles.

-No, it's William Henry.

One mole of ideal gas at a temperature of 15.5 degrees Celsius

and a pressure of 1 bar has a volume of 24 litres.

What is the volume in litres of 2 moles of gas at a pressure of 3 bar

at the same temperature?

WHISPERING

-16?

-Correct.

What gas is produced by adding water to calcium carbide?

-Carbon dioxide.

-Carbon dioxide.

-No, it's ethyne or acetylene.

We're going to take a picture round now.

For your starter, you'll see an outline of a Formula One Grand Prix track in Asia.

Ten points if you can name the country where the track is located.

Singapore.

Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

-Malaysia.

-Malaysia is correct, yes.

The Malaysian Grand Prix was first held in 1999.

For your bonuses, you'll see three more Asian Formula One tracks

that have hosted Grands Prix since 2000. I want the country in which the track is located.

Firstly, for five?

I think we know this is going to go badly.

-We can go for Singapore and China.

-Singapore seems a good one.

-Singapore.

-No, it's South Korea.

Secondly?

-Do we stick with Singapore? Is that what we're going to do?

-Is there one in Singapore?

-Shall we go for China?

-Singapore.

-Singapore.

-No, it's India. And finally, this one?

-Do we give up now or...?

-No. Say Singapore.

-Singapore.

-No, that's China.

-LAUGHTER

Ten points for this. "We're approaching the solar system's final frontier."

These words of a NASA project engineer refer to Voyager 1's impending arrival

at the edge of which "great magnetic bubble" that surrounds the...

-The heliosphere.

-The heliosphere is right, yes.

These bonuses are on philosophy, Peterhouse. In a work of 1690,

which English philosopher describes a law of nature

that "obliges everyone...that all being equal and independent, no-one ought to harm another in his life,

"health, liberty or possessions"?

WHISPERING

-Bentham?

-No, it's John Locke.

In a work of 1739, which philosopher claimed that the state of nature

was characterised by almost no human interaction and that "uncorrupted morals" prevailed there?

-Rousseau.

-Correct. In a work of 1740, which philosopher commented

that the state of nature "was a mere philosophical fiction"

which "never had nor never cou'd have any reality"?

-Voltaire.

-No, that's David Hume. Ten points for this.

In which English county is the first building to have been acquired by the National Trust in 1896?

It's a 14th century, thatched clergy house in the village of Alfriston close to the River...

-Derbyshire.

-No, and you did just interrupt. ..River Cuckmere?

So you lose five.

Peterhouse, one of you buzz?

-Yorkshire?

-No, East Sussex. Ten points for this.

The advertising executive Maxwell Dane, the Los Angeles Times managing editor Ed Guthman

and the actor Paul Newman were among the 20 names

that comprised which US President's first Enemies List?

-Richard Nixon.

-Yes.

Your bonuses, Peterhouse, are on the arts.

Sometimes described as "the father of Pop Art" which artist's work includes the 1956 collage poster,

"Just what is it that makes today's homes so different, so appealing"?

-Go for Hockney.

-Hobley?

Hobley?

Hobley? No, it's Richard Hamilton.

Born in 1922, the Scottish composer Iain Ellis Hamilton's works include the opera The Royal Hunt Of The Sun,

based on a 1964 stage work by which English playwright?

-Is it Peter Shaffer?

-Peter Shaffer?

Correct. The Scottish architect Thomas Hamilton's works include monuments

to which poet on Calton Hill, Edinburgh and in Alloway, the poet's birthplace?

-Robert Burns.

-Robert Burns.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

In physics, what term describes a collision between two objects

where the relative speed of approach before the collision

and the relative speed of recession afterwards are the same?

-Elastic.

-Elastic is correct.

These bonuses are on a German company.

With a logo formed from its name in the form of a cross,

which company introduced the first sulfa drug Prontosil in 1935

and developed polyurethane two years later?

WHISPERING

-Pfizer.

-No, it's Bayer. Which mild, non-narcotic analgesic was introduced by Bayer in 1899?

Its use can reduce the risk of heart attack in high-risk individuals.

-Aspirin or paracetamol?

-Aspirin.

-Aspirin.

-Correct. In 1898, Bayer became the first company

to introduce as a commercial product which drug, a narcotic analgesic for use in pain and cough medications?

-Heroin.

-Heroin.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. Identify the satirist who wrote these words.

"A young, healthy child, well nursed, is, at a year old,

"a most delicious, nourishing and wholesome food..."

-Jonathan Swift.

-Yes, in A Modest Proposal.

These bonuses are on psychiatry and psychoanalysis.

The Sane Society and The Art Of Loving are among works by which US psychoanalyst,

born in Germany in 1900?

-Carl Jung.

-Carl Jung?

-No, it's Erich Fromm.

Which Frankfurt-born psychologist's theory of psycho-social development advanced his belief

that personality develops in a series of stages? He published Childhood And Society in 1950.

-Carl Jung?

-No, it's Erik Erikson.

Which Canadian-born psychiatrist introduced "transactional analysis" in his 1964 work Games People Play?

It's definitely not Jung, this one!

I don't know. Any ideas?

-Any ideas?

-No, sorry.

-No, pass.

-Eric Berne. Ten points for this.

Devoted to "ideas worth spreading", which conferences were founded...

-TED.

-TED Conferences is correct, yes.

So you get a set of bonuses now, Trinity, Cambridge, on sports.

Which Indian team game uses no equipment and takes its name

from the word that attacking players chant to show they are holding their breath?

-Nominate Freeland.

-Kabaddi.

-Correct.

Taking its name from the Malay for "kick" and the Thai for "ball",

which three-a-side sport is similar to volleyball, although the hand cannot be used to propel the ball?

I've no idea.

-"No hit".

-It's sepak takraw.

Which sport was introduced to the Olympics in 1936

and reintroduced as an indoor game in 1972?

It shares its name with a type of foul play in soccer.

-Handball.

-Correct. We're going to take a music round now.

For your starter, you'll hear a piece of music taken from an opera. Ten points if you name the opera.

LIVELY CLASSICAL MUSIC

-The Barber Of Seville.

-The Barber Of Seville is correct.

That was part of the overture, so your bonuses are three more pieces of classical music

whose titles include the name of a European city.

Five points for each city you can identify and the composer, please. Firstly?

GENTLE CLASSICAL WALTZ MUSIC

WHISPERING

-Vienna and Strauss.

-The Elder or the Younger?

-The Elder.

-No, it's the Younger.

It's the Vienna Blood Waltz. And secondly?

DRAMATIC CLASSICAL MUSIC

-Sounds like Wagner.

-It's not Wagner. Trust me.

- I think it's Bernstein. - Finlandia, Sibelius?

-I don't think it's Finlandia.

-Go for Finlandia.

-OK.

-Finlandia by Sibelius?

-No, it's Rome by Ottorino Respighi, The Trevi Fountain At Midday.

Finally, we're looking for you to identify the name of a European city and the composer in this one.

CHEERFUL CLASSICAL MUSIC

-Moscow and Tchaikovsky?

-Go for it.

-Moscow and Tchaikovsky.

-No, Gershwin's An American In Paris.

Ten points for this. Give both words promptly if you buzz.

When all three vowels in a six-letter word meaning "long, thin sword" change places,

it can become a verb meaning "to fix". What are the two words?

-Rapier and repair.

-Correct, yes.

These bonuses are on the 1923 General Election.

Which future Prime Minister entered Parliament for the first time in 1923

as the Member for Warwick and Leamington?

WHISPERING

-Anthony Eden.

-Correct. Later Prime Minister, who was re-elected as MP for Limehouse in 1923?

He held the seat until 1950.

-Clement Attlee.

-Correct.

That election saw which future Prime Minister stand for the last time as a Liberal at Leicester West

where he was defeated by Labour?

-Lloyd George.

-No, it's Churchill. Another starter question.

What single-word name was given to the agrarian communists

who flourished in England in 1649 and 1650, led by Gerrard...

-Levellers.

-No, you lose five points. ..led by Gerrard Winstanley and William Everard?

You may not confer, Trinity. One of you may buzz.

They were the Diggers. Ten points for this.

With colours representing its lakes and snow,

the flag of which European country received official status when it gained independence in 1917?

-Finland.

-Correct.

Trinity, your bonuses are on preserved steam railways in Britain. Give the name from the description.

One of the longest standard-gauge heritage railways in Britain,

the 18-mile line from Pickering to Grosmont runs largely through which national park?

-North Yorkshire Moors. The North Yorkshire Moors.

-Correct.

Which river gives its name to the standard-gauge heritage line

that runs from Bridgnorth to Kidderminster?

-Severn.

-Correct. Which woodland flower gives its name

to a heritage line that runs along the border of East and West Sussex with a terminus at Sheffield Park?

-The Bluebell.

-Correct. Another starter question.

Illuminating the Witch-Head Nebula,

which blue giant star in the constellation of Orion is one of the ten brightest in the night sky?

-Rigel.

-Correct.

A set of bonuses for you now on solid state physics.

What term denotes the addition of impurities into a semi-conductor

in order to change its electrical properties?

WHISPERING

-In stasis.

-No, it's doping.

Undoped semi-conductors with no impurities present are known as what?

-Pure semi-conductors?

-No, intrinsic semi-conductors.

What name is used for extrinsic semi-conductors

where the dopant atom provides extra conduction electrons?

-Any suggestions?

-Um...um...

-Hyper-semi-conductors.

-Hyper-semi-conductors.

No, they're N-type semi-conductors. Ten points for this.

Having become a member of NATO early in 2004,

which was the only one of the former Yugoslav republics to be in the wave of candidates...

-Slovenia.

-Yeah, your home country!

Your bonuses are on pairs of words that are often confused. Give both words from the definitions.

Two verbs meaning "to outlaw, prohibit or condemn to death"

and "to lay down rules or advise the use of a remedy"?

-Prescribe and something?

-Proscribe and prescribe.

-Yes.

-Proscribe and prescribe.

-Correct. Two adjectives meaning "pardonable, slight or worthy of forgiveness"

and "susceptible to bribery or corruption"?

Venial and venal?

Venial and venal, I think.

-Venial and venal.

-Correct.

Two nouns meaning "one accused of adultery who is the subject of a court case along with their spouse"

and "someone who communicates by letter or contributes to a newspaper"?

Co-respondent and correspondent.

-Yeah.

-Co-respondent and correspondent.

-Correct.

You take the lead. For your picture starter,

you'll see a photograph of an art gallery. For ten points, I want the name of the gallery.

It doesn't look as if any of you is going to...

Is it the Musee d'Orsay?

Nope. One of you like to buzz from Peterhouse?

The Lady Lever Gallery.

No, the Dulwich Picture Gallery.

We'll come back to the picture bonuses in a moment. Here's another starter for ten.

Yuzu, a mainstay of Japanese cuisine,

neroli, used in perfumery,

and bergamot, a flavouring of Earl Grey tea,

are aromatic oils from fruits of...

-Jasmine?

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..fruits of which widespread genus?

-Cherry.

-No, it's citrus. Ten points for this.

In pre-decimal currency, a half-crown, a florin

and a sixpence together made how many shillings?

-Eight.

-Nope.

-12.

-No, it's five. Ten points for this.

The phrase "by the skin of one's teeth" comes from which book of the Old Testament?

It occurs when the title figure of the book lists the many ways...

-Job.

-Job is correct, yes.

For your picture starter, you saw the Dulwich Picture Gallery designed by Sir John Soane

specifically to display art.

Your bonuses are three more purpose-built art galleries in England. Name each gallery.

Firstly, for five?

WHISPERING

Could it be the Turner in Margate?

Oh, it looks really familiar.

Or could it be somewhere up north?

-The Turner in Margate.

-No, it's the Hepworth somewhere up north in Wakefield. Secondly?

It's very pretty.

It's lovely, but do we know where it is?

No, sorry. Do you know any other galleries? Guess one.

-Courtauld Institute.

-No, that's also in the north - the Bowes Museum in County Durham.

And finally?

- That's Trafalgar Square. - The National Gallery.

-National Gallery.

-It doesn't look anything like the National Gallery. It's the Liverpool Walker Gallery.

-It's also up north.

-LAUGHTER

Ten points for this. Answer as soon as your name is called.

In ternary, or base three, a one followed by three zeroes represents what number...

-Trinity, Freeland.

-27.

-Correct.

Your bonuses are on the US Ivy League universities, Trinity.

Which institution was founded in Hanover, New Hampshire in 1769,

one of its original goals being the education of Native Americans?

-Columbia?

-No, that's in New York.

-Dartmouth?

-Cornell maybe? Cornell's the only one which I can't place in any other states.

-Cornell?

-No, it was Dartmouth. One of the oldest colleges in the United States,

which Ivy League university was founded in 1764 as the College of Rhode Island?

-That's Brown.

-Is it?

-Yeah.

-Brown.

-It is, in Providence.

And founded in 1865 in Ithaca, New York, which is the youngest Ivy League institution?

Columbia was founded as King's College.

-It was renamed.

-Hang on. Maybe that's Cornell then.

-Cornell?

-That is Cornell. Three minutes to go and ten points for this.

What economic unit links the titles of fictional works by RH Mottram,

Kate Douglas Wiggin, Stella Gibbons and George Orwell?

-Farm.

-Correct.

Your bonuses are on the Commonwealth.

In each case, give the decade in which the following first became member states.

Firstly, Barbados, Botswana and Cyprus?

-1960s.

-Correct. Bangladesh, Grenada and Papua New Guinea?

-That's 1970s.

-Yeah.

-1970s.

-Correct.

Namibia, Cameroon and Mozambique?

-1990s. They were all quite late. 1990s.

-Correct.

Ten points for this.

After the Tagus and the Ebro, what is the third longest river of the Iberian Peninsula?

It is particularly associated with the production of port wine.

-Is it Beira?

-Nope.

-Elbrus?

-No, it's the Douro. Ten points for this.

In US politics, what two-word term denotes the body of 538 elected representatives...

-Electoral college.

-Correct.

Your bonuses this time, Trinity College, are on zoology.

After a 17th century Italian physiologist, what term denotes the slender tubes found

in most terrestrial insects that are involved in excretion and osmoregulation?

-Malpighian.

-Correct. What two structures form Malpighian corpuscles in the vertebrate kidney?

I'm just guessing based on things that are in the kidney.

Let's have it, please!

Glomerulus and capsule of Bowman.

-Glomerulus and the capsule of Bowman.

-Correct.

In which organ of vertebrates is the Malpighian layer found?

Um...

I hate physiology.

Liver...

-Let's have it!

-Liver.

-No, the skin, the epidermis. Ten points for this.

Between St Louis and New Orleans,

which city on the Mississippi shares its name with an ancient capital of Egypt...

-Memphis.

-Memphis is correct.

These bonuses are on anthems.

Standardised in the 1990s,

which country's national anthem includes verses sung in five different languages?

-South Africa.

-Yes. Which unofficial national anthem was composed

in the 1960s by Roy Williamson, a member of The Corries folk group?

-Flowers Of Scotland?

-Flower.

-Flower Of Scotland.

-Correct.

In 2001, which country re-adopted with different words an anthem

that had been in use from 1944 until 1991?

Germany? They had the same anthem with a different verse.

-Or would it have been Russia?

-Come on!

-Russia, yes.

-Russia.

-Correct. Ten points for this. Born in Scotland in 1882,

Sir Hugh Dowding was largely responsible for victory in which...

-The Battle of Britain.

-Correct.

These bonuses are on ancient cities. Give the present-day country in which the following are located.

Tyre and Sidon, both dating to the 3rd millennium BC?

-Lebanon.

-Correct.

Hattusas and Kanesh, both dating to the 2nd millennium BC?

-Egypt?

-It might be Egypt. Saudi Arabia.

-Saudi Arabia.

-No, Turkey.

The cities of Ur and Eridu, both thought to date to at least the 4th millennium BC?

-Iraq?

-Iraq.

-Iraq.

-Correct. Ten points for this...

-GONG

-At the gong, Peterhouse, Cambridge have 110,

Trinity College, Cambridge have 240.

APPLAUSE

You led much of the way, Peterhouse, and you were up against pretty strong, quick opposition.

I'm afraid we'll have to say goodbye to you and your wonderful mascot.

Trinity, another storming performance once you woke up!

We shall look forward to seeing you again in the quarter-finals.

-Join us next time, but until then, it's goodbye from Peterhouse, Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

-Goodbye from Trinity College, Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

-And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

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