Episode 22 University Challenge

University Challenge.

Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Two more teams trailing clouds of glory

from their first round victories

are here to compete for a place in the quarterfinals.

One of them will go through

and we'll be saying goodbye to the losers.

The team from Manchester University won their first match

with 215 points against the 105 of Brasenose College, Oxford.

The scores were neck-and-neck

until Manchester recognised Colin Firth singing in Mamma Mia!

of all things, and gave themselves a lead

they maintained comfortably until the gong.

Now the game is on again.

Let's ask them to introduce themselves for the second time.

I'm Edward Woudhuysen, I'm from London, and I'm studying History.

I'm Joe Day, I'm from Bideford in Devon,

and I'm studying Physics with Astrophysics.

And this is their captain.

Hi, I'm Elizabeth Mitchell, I'm from Birmingham,

and I'm studying Politics, Philosophy and Economics.

Hi, I'm Jonathan Collings, I'm from Manchester,

and I'm studying Geography.

APPLAUSE

The team from Queen's College, Cambridge

had the closest victory in all of round one

with only 20 points separating them

and their opponents, the University of Durham.

They knew a lot about the big bang,

the letter B and Andy Warhol's Banana.

Let's see what they can impress us with tonight.

Hi, I'm Paul Merchant, I'm from Surrey,

and I'm reading Modern Languages.

Hi, I'm Rachel Gregory, I'm from Sheffield,

and I'm reading Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic.

And their captain.

Hi, I'm Reece Jackson-Jones, I'm from London,

and I'm reading Astrophysics.

Hi, I've David Phillips, I'm from St Albans in Hertfordshire,

and I'm reading Maths.

APPLAUSE

The rules are the same as ever, so let's just get on with it.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

The term pavonine is used to describe an animal whose markings

or colourings resemble that of...?

Turkey.

No, you lose five points, I'm afraid. That of which bird?

Its name is used by Wikipedia to describe words such as legendary

and brilliant and in everyday speech it can mean a proud or showy person.

Peacock.

Correct. You get a set of bonuses now, Manchester, on oaths.

Firstly, for five points.

From the improvised meeting place in which it took place,

what name is commonly given to the oaths sworn in

June 1789 by which the representatives

of the French Third Estate refused to disperse

until Louis XVI accepted a new constitution?

Tennis Court Oath.

Correct. Sentenced in 1834 to transportation for seven years

for administering illegal oaths, George Loveless

and five other Dorset farm workers are known collectively as?

Tolpuddle Martyrs.

Correct. Regarded as the defining work of

the neoclassical style in art,

the Oath of the Horatii is among the works of

which French painter born 1748?

David.

David is right. Ten points for this.

What pervasive presence did the veteran New York Times journalist

Murray Schumach describe as, "the bland leading the bland"?

It was television. Ten points for this.

Farmer George was a nickname of which historical...?

George III.

Correct.

These bonuses, Manchester, are on shopping arcades.

Described as an iconic runway uniting Piccadilly and Bond Street,

which shopping arcade shares its name with an exponent of

the English palladium style of the 18th century?

Burlington.

Burlington Arcade's right.

The gallery Vittorio Emanuele is an imposing arcade in which city?

It connects the Piazza della Scala to the Piazza del Duomo.

Milan.

Correct. Dating to the 1840s, the Saint-Hubert Royal Gallery

is a glazed arcade in which western European capital?

Come on, let's have it, please.

Madrid.

No, it's Brussels. Ten points for this.

Derived ultimately from the Latin for bad,

what derogative term was used to indicate supporters of

the Royalist cause during the English Civil War?

In oncology, the same word describes a tumour capable of...?

Malignant.

Malignant is right.

So, you're off the mark.

Queen's, your bonuses are on British raptors

using the information taken from the RSPB website.

In each case give the common name of the bird from the description.

Firstly, Accipiter nisus,

a narrow-tailed raptor with striking yellow eyes,

adapted for hunting birds in confined spaces

such as dense woodland.

Goshawk.

No, it's the sparrowhawk.

Secondly, Falco columbarius, the UK's smallest bird of prey.

Its small size enables it to hover

and hang in the breeze as it pursues its prey.

In winter the UK population increases

as breeding birds migrate from Iceland.

Kestrel.

No, it's a merlin.

Falco tinnunculus, a familiar sight with its pointed wings

and long tail hovering at the road side.

Males have a grey head in contrast to their red/brown plumage,

but females are browner.

The kestrel.

Correct. Ten points for this.

Austenitic, Ferritic

and Martensitic are the three main types of which group of alloys

first developed in the early 20th century by the English

metallurgist Harry Brearley,

they usually contain 10 to 30% chromium for increased...?

Stainless steel.

Correct.

Manchester, these bonuses are on similar words.

In each case give the word from the description.

All three answers end in the same four letters.

Firstly, the common name of the shrub Lawsonia inermis.

Its leaves yielding dye used to create temporary tattoos

and to colour hair.

Henna.

Correct. The genus of leguminous plants,

some species bear seed pods that are used as a laxative.

Senna.

Correct. And finally,

the abode of the damned in Jewish and Christian eschatology,

its name comes from a valley near Jerusalem

where children were burned as sacrifices to pagan gods.

-Nominate Collings.

-Gehenna.

Correct. Ten points for this. Which country house is this?

Lying a few miles west of Chipping Sodbury in Gloucestershire,

it gives its name to an 18th century cabin.

It became the most expensive piece of furniture ever sold

when it fetched £19 million at auction in 2004.

A prominent venue for equestrian events,

it also gives its name to Olympic...?

Badminton.

Correct.

These bonuses, Manchester, are on French scientists.

Born 1778, which scientist discovered the law of combining volumes

for ideal gasses?

He also devised and gave his name to a measure of alcohol by volume.

Carnot.

No, it's Gay-Lussac.

Joseph Louis.

Secondly, Henri Moissan received the 1906 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

for the isolation of which element, the lightest halogen?

Fluorine.

Correct. Which chemist played a leading role

in establishing the oxygen theory of combustion?

He was beheaded during the French Revolution.

Lavoisier.

Correct. We're going to take the picture round now.

For your picture starter you'll see a diagram of a cow

showing various cuts of meat.

For ten points I want the standardised English name

for the highlighted cut.

Rump.

It is, yes.

You're going to see the same diagram

with three more cuts of meat highlighted

for your picture bonuses.

For each one I want the name of the highlighted cut. Firstly, A.

Sirloin.

Correct. Secondly, B.

Haunch.

No, that's shin. And finally, C.

Spare ribs.

No, it's brisket. Ten points for this.

Which work of 2007 by the Canadian author

and social activist Naomi Klein is a critique of neoliberalism...?

No Logo.

No, you're going to lose five points as well.

Queen's, you can hear the rest of it.

Neoliberalism that claims to expose how free market policies have

been imposed by exploiting upheaval and catastrophe around the world?

You may not confer. One of you may buzz.

It's The Shock Doctrine. No Logo was earlier, I think.

Ten points for this.

Hippolytus of Rome in the 3rd century

and Felix the V in the 15th are often regarded as the first

and last holders of what title given to one

who with significant support

makes a competing claim to the title of Bishop of Rome?

The Holy Roman Emperor.

No. Anyone want to buzz from Manchester?

The antipope.

Correct.

These bonuses this time, Manchester, are on mythology.

Which work by Ovid includes

the story of the Ethiopian Princess Andromeda

who is at risk of being sacrificed to a monster from the deep?

Metamorphoses.

Correct. Andromeda was rescued by which son of Zeus

and Danae renowned for slaying the gorgon Medusa?

Perseus.

Correct. A story often confused with that of Perseus

and Andromeda due to several similarities of plot,

Ruggiero's saving of Angelica appears in which epic poem

of 1516 by Ludovico Ariosto?

Il Furioso.

No, it's Orlando Furioso. Ten points for this.

In physics, the inverse square root of the product of

the permeability

and the permittivity of the vacuum is best...?

Speed of light.

Speed of light is right.

Your bonuses are on the Olympic Games of 1904.

Firstly, its then relatively inaccessible location thought

to have been responsible for the low proportion of foreign competitors,

which city on the Mississippi hosted the Olympic games in 1904?

St Louis.

Correct. For what principle reason

relating to the design of the running track was

the 1904 Olympic 200m winner Archie Hahn able to set

the relatively quick time of 21.6 seconds?

It was straight.

Correct, instead of on a bend.

And finally, for what unusual reason was Fred Lorz,

first man to cross the winning line,

disqualified from the 1904 Olympic marathon?

He took a ride in a car.

Yes.

LAUGHTER

Ten points for this.

Once called the Congo dog,

which canine breed was a native hunting dog that often wore

wooden rattles or a bell to indicate its whereabouts

because of its inability to bark?

Rhodesian Ridgeback.

No, they can bark.

Manchester, one of you buzz.

It's the basenji. Ten points for this.

Who came fourth in Labour's 2010 leadership contest?

In Ed Miliband's first shadow cabinet,

he became Shadow Secretary for Education and...?

Andy Burnham.

Yes.

These bonuses, Manchester, are on publications.

Bad Girls Go Everywhere was a 2009 biography of which media figure

who edited Cosmopolitan magazine for over 30 years?

We don't know, sorry.

It was Helen Gurley Brown.

Secondly, which 2009 documentary chronicles

the preparations of Vogue's Editor in Chief Anna Wintour

for an issue of 2007 that weighed nearly five pounds

and was then the single largest issue of a magazine ever published?

The September Issue.

Correct. What is the name of the publication which in 1903 inspired

the renaming of Long Acre Square in midtown Manhattan?

New York Times.

Correct. Ten points for this starter question.

What given name links a French officer

convicted of treason in 1894, the author of...?

Alfred.

Alfred is correct.

These bonuses are on mathematics, Manchester.

Giving a sequence of n positive real numbers,

what name is given to the nth root of their product?

Prime.

No, it's the geometric mean.

Secondly, the arithmetic geometric mean inequality

states that the arithmetic mean of a sequence of numbers

is always larger than their geometric mean.

When does equality hold in this relation?

When it's convergent.

No, it's when and only when all numbers are equal.

And finally, what's the geometric mean of the numbers 2, 5 and 100?

Root 1,000.

Which root of 1,000?

Positive root of 1,000.

No, it's 10.

We're going to take a music round now.

For your music start you'll hear a popular song.

For ten points, simply name the band that's performing.

# I can see for miles, and miles. #

Beatles.

Manchester, you can hear a little more.

# Miles and miles. #

The Who.

It is The Who, I Can See For Miles.

That was used as the astronauts' wake-up call

on a 1993 Space Shuttle flight. For your bonuses, you're going

to hear three more songs used by NASA as wake-up calls.

I want the name of the performer in each case.

Firstly, from a 1985 shuttle flight.

# I feel the earth move under my feet

# I feel the sky tumbling down

# I feel my heart start trembling

# Whenever you're around

# Oh, baby... #

Dusty Springfield?

No, it's Carole King's I Feel The Earth Move.

Secondly, from a 1993 shuttle flight.

# From a distance

# The world looks blue and green

# And the snow-capped mountains, white

# From a distance

# The ocean meets the stream

# And the eagle takes to flight. #

Diana Ross.

No, it's Bette Midler, From A Distance.

And lastly from the Skylab 4 mission in 1973.

# I'm on the top of the world

# Looking down on creation

# And the only explanation I can find... #

The Carpenters.

That is the Carpenters, yes.

On Top Of The world. Right, ten points for this.

Love, Rayleigh, Rossby, capillary and rogue are all types...

Wave.

Wave is correct, yes.

Right, Queens', these bonuses are on British academics.

All three share the same given name.

Firstly, which moral philosopher assessed the impact that

the natural sciences have on our understanding

of human nature in her 1978 work Beast And Man?

She also wrote Evolution As A Religion.

Try Onora O'Neill.

No, they wouldn't share a name.

THEY CONFER

-Nominate Merchant.

-Onora O'Neill.

No, it isn't. It's Mary Midgley.

Secondly, from 1982 to 84, which moral philosopher chaired

the Committee Of Enquiry Into Human Fertilisation And Embryology?

THEY CONFER

Mary Beard.

Slightly outside her field, I think. No, it's Mary Warnock.

Which Cambridge professor of classics

presented the Meet The Romans documentary series

and has written the Times Literary Supplement blog A Don's Life.

We are going to go with Mary Beard.

Very wise choice. Ten points for this.

Aufklaeren is the German term for which

period in the development of European civilisation, when...

The Enlightenment.

Correct, yes.

Right, Queens', these bonuses are on Shakespeare's history plays.

The rebel camp near Shrewsbury is the scene of action at intervals

during the later acts of which of Shakespeare's histories?

THEY CONFER

Richard II.

No, it's Henry IV Part One.

Act one, scene three of which play takes place at lists near Coventry?

THEY CONFER

Richard III.

No, it's Richard II.

And, thirdly, in which history play do scenes include

Pomfret, Before The Castle,

London, The Tower Walls

and A Plain Near Tamworth?

Richard III.

That WAS Richard III, yes. Ten points for this.

Of the eight women's quarterfinalists at the 2011

Wimbledon singles championships,

four had names ending in which three letters?

O-V-A.

Correct.

Right, Manchester, your bonuses this time are on the mountains.

Mount Tahat in the Ahaggar mountain range is the highest point

in which North African country?

THEY CONFER

-Algeria.

-Correct.

Jabal ad Dukhan or Mountain Of Smoke

is the highest point of which country in the Persian Gulf,

joined to Saudi Arabia by the King Fahd Causeway?

THEY CONFER

-Bahrain.

-Correct.

Mount Hera, also known as Jabal al-Nour or Mountain Of Light,

where Mohammed is said to have received his first

revelation from God, lies near to which Saudi Arabian city?

THEY CONFER

Medina.

No, it's Mecca. Ten points for this. Listen carefully.

"Jesus wept," the shortest verse in the King James Bible,

occurs in St John's Gospel as part of the narrative

of the death of which of Jesus's followers?

He was later raised from the dead.

Lazarus.

Correct.

Bonuses this time, Manchester, for you on biological chemistry.

Which metal is found in chlorophyll molecules?

-(Magnesium.)

-Magnesium.

-Correct.

The oxygen-carrying component in the blood of an octopus

contains what transition metal?

(It's iron in humans but I don't know about octopuses.)

(Maybe something like nickel.)

(Go for nickel, yeah.)

-Nickel.

-No, it's copper.

What is the name of the only naturally occurring amino acid

in which the amino acid component forms part of a ring?

(Oh... It's...)

(Is it...proline?)

-Proline.

-Correct.

We're going to take a picture round.

For your picture starter, you'll see a picture portrait of an historical

figure and also a map with an area named after her highlighted.

For ten points, name both the figure and the state.

Elizabeth I and Virginia.

Correct.

So, your bonuses are three more Queens of England

who give their names to places in the United States.

Five points for each queen and place you can identify.

Firstly, this queen and the state highlighted here.

THEY CONFER

Queen Mary and Maryland.

No, it's Queen Henrietta Maria and Maryland.

Second, this Queen and the city highlighted.

Charlotte and Charlottesville.

No, it's Queen Charlotte and the city of Charlotte.

And finally, this Queen and the borough highlighted.

THEY CONFER

Queen Anne and the borough of Queens.

It is the borough of Queens but it's Catherine of Braganza.

Ten points for this.

What word derives from the Greek for sacred ruler

and refers to a system that operates through different

levels of authority or status?

-Hierarchy.

-Correct.

These bonuses, Manchester, are on art in the 19th century.

In each case, give the decade that links the following.

Firstly, Seurat's Bathers At Asnieres,

Manet's Bar At The Folies-Bergere

and the beginning of Van Gogh's Sunflowers series.

-('70s? 1870s.

-Or '80s.)

THEY CONFER

-(1880s?

-I'd say.)

-1880s.

-Correct.

Secondly, Turner's Rail, Steam And Speed

and the formation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

Oh...

-1850s.

-No, it's the 1840s.

And finally, Gericault's The Raft Of The Medusa

and Goya's The Third Of May 1808.

THEY CONFER

-1830s.

-No, it's the 1810s.

There's five minutes to go and ten points for this.

On the sixth of August, 2012,

Galle crater on Mars was the landing site for which...

Curiosity.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time, Manchester, are on Chancellors of the Exchequer.

Which Chancellor introduced the People's Budget,

whose rejection by the Lords led to the Parliament Act in 1910?

Lloyd George.

Correct. Which Labour Chancellor nationalised the Bank of England

in 1946 but resigned his office in November of the following year,

having leaked details of the Autumn budget to a journalist?

(Herbert Morrison? Who did you say?)

(I said Bevan, but I think you're right.)

Herbert Morrison?

No, it wasn't. It was Hugh Dalton.

Which Chancellor's "broken cricket bats" resignation speech of 1990

is widely considered to have precipitated the downfall

of Margaret Thatcher three weeks later?

-Geoffrey Howe.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

What common adjective links three innovative steam ships

designed by Brunel, with an event held in Hyde Park in 1851?

Great.

Great is correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on winners of the Palme d'Or

at the Cannes Film Festival.

In each case, name the director of the following.

Firstly, The Wind That Shakes The Barley, the winner in 2006.

Ken Loach.

Correct. Secondly, The White Ribbon,

the 2009 winner of the Palme d'Or,

-and Amour, the winner in 2012.

-Michael Hanneke.

Correct. Who was the director of Fahrenheit 9/11,

the winner of the Palme d'Or in 2004?

Michael Moore.

Correct. Ten points for this.

Made a Labour peer in 2004,

which sociologist was the author in 1971

of Capitalism And Modern Social Theory,

and later became closely associated with the concept of the Third Way?

Morris Glassman.

No. Queens', one of you buzz?

It's Anthony Giddens. Ten points for this.

Which double letter links the surnames of the 30th, 31st,

and 32nd Presidents of the United States -

that is the Presidents in office from 1923-45?

Er, W?

No.

O.

Yes, exactly. Double-O, all of them.

Coolidge, Theodore Roosevelt and so on.

Your bonuses are on Neo-Palladian architecture.

In each case, name the English county where they are located.

Firstly, Holkham Hall,

built by Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester, from the 1730s.

Norfolk.

Correct. Secondly, the Palladian bridge in Stowe Landscape Gardens,

built in the 1730s for the Temple-Grenville family.

Buckinghamshire.

Correct. Finally, Kedleston Hall, the seat of the Curzon family.

-(Derbyshire, maybe?)

-(Derbyshire?)

Derbyshire.

Derbyshire is right. Ten points for this.

Listen carefully - what is the magnitude of the electric field

inside a spherical shell of charge - Q and radius - R?

Zero.

Correct. Bit of Gauss's law.

Your bonuses this time, Queens', are on a shared prefix.

The condition known as nyctophobia

indicates an extreme or irrational fear of what?

Er, darkness.

Correct. Nyctalopia, or night-blindness, can be

caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?

Vitamin A.

Correct. To what does the term nyctanthes refer?

Come on.

Er...pass.

It's plants that flower at night. Ten points for this.

What five-letter word can precede sienna, ochre,

and umber to give the names...?

Burnt.

-Burnt is correct, yes.

-APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on islands and straits, Manchester.

The Strait of Bonifacio lies between which two islands?

(Corsica and Sardinia, maybe?)

Corsica and Sardinia?

Correct. The Sunda Strait separates Java

from which other island?

Sumatra.

Correct. The strait between Greenland and Iceland

is named after which country,

of which Greenland is an autonomous territory?

Denmark.

Correct. Ten points for this.

The Latin-derived adjective of the word winter is hibernal.

What is the corresponding adjective for summer?

Estival.

Correct. You get a set of bonuses.

This time on structures in Scotland.

The Medieval Brig o'Doon in Ayrshire is a single-arch

stone bridge made famous by Robert Burns in which poem,

whose eponymous hero rides a horse named Maggie?

We don't know, sorry.

It's Tam o'Shanter.

Secondly, opened in 2002 and named after a nearby town, which wheel

has restored waterway navigation between Glasgow and Edinburgh?

It is the world's only rotating boat lift.

Falkirk.

Correct. Completed in 1890, which railway bridge

did William Morris call

"the supremest specimen of all ugliness?"

Firth of Forth?

No, I asked for the name of the bridge. It's the Forth Bridge.

You had the right place and the right idea.

Ten points for this. Meaning "terse" or "concise,"

give the dictionary spelling of the word, "succinct."

S-U-C-C-I-N-C-T.

GONG SOUNDS

Correct. And at the gong,

Queens' College Cambridge have 110,

Manchester University have 325.

APPLAUSE

Well, you were up against pretty tough opposition tonight, I think.

But thank you. We'll have to say goodbye to you, Queens',

and your delightful mascot.

And Manchester, well, congratul...another storming performance from you.

We look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals. Congratulations.

I hope you can join us next time

for another of these second round matches,

but until then, it's goodbye

-from Queens' College Cambridge.

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

It's goodbye from Manchester University.

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-And it's goodbye from me, goodbye.

APPLAUSE

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