Episode 23 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Another 30 minutes of furrowed brows and feverish whispering lie ahead of us,

with two teams competing in the penultimate match

of this second round for a place in the quarterfinals.

Now, the team from Liverpool University

are here with the second-highest score in round one behind them -

295 against the utterly dismal 40 by Keele University.

They knew about De Tocqueville, Nietzsche and Rousseau,

French grammar and the goings-on of 1832.

With an average age of 20, let's meet the Liverpool team again.

I'm Katherine Monks. I'm from Bolton and I'm studying classics.

Hi. I'm Daniel Jenkin-Smith.

I'm from Birmingham and I do French and English.

Let's meet their captain.

Hi. I'm Chris Spencer. I'm from Salisbury

and I'm studying for a PhD in tropical medicine.

Hi. I'm Luke Nugent. I'm from Southport and I'm studying medicine.

APPLAUSE

Now, the team from Cardiff University took a while to get going

in their first-round match against Exeter,

but managed to take and keep the lead in the final minutes

and were ahead by 145 to 95 at the gong.

They were strong on mathematics, the 15th century

and the inside of the ear.

With an average age of 29,

let's meet the Cardiff team again.

Hi. I'm Eleri Evans. I'm from Pembrokeshire

and I'm studying mathematics.

Hi. I'm Sara Caputo. I'm from Torino in Italy and I'm studying history.

And their captain.

Hello. I'm Roderick Lawford, originally from Barking in Essex

and I'm studying for a Masters in music, culture and politics.

Noswaith dda. I'm Tom Parry-Jones

from St Asaph in Denbighshire, North Wales,

and I'm reading journalism, media and cultural studies.

APPLAUSE

The rules are the same as ever, so fingers on the buzzers.

Here's the first starter for ten.

"This strange melancholic dog-lover belonged to no in-set.

"He had not been to a public school or a university.

"He did not belong to the national church,

"but it was he who set the Edwardian age to an unforgettable music."

These words of the author AN Wilson refer to which composer?

Cardiff, Lawford. Edward Elgar.

Yes.

APPLAUSE

That's your field - you had to get it!

Right, your bonuses are on a historical figure in art.

In paintings by both Delaroche and David,

who's portrayed crossing the Great St Bernard Pass in the Swiss Alps?

Napoleon. Napoleon.

Correct. A painting by Antoine-Jean Gros, now in the Louvre,

depicts Napoleon visiting plague victims in which ancient port,

sacked by the French army in 1799

and now part of Tel Aviv?

Oh, it's Jaffa. Jaffa. Jaffa?

Might be. Jaffa.

Correct. Dos De Mayo, also known as the Charge Of The Mamelukes,

was inspired by the Madrid uprising against Napoleon

in 1808. Who was the artist?

Delacroix? Goya?

Goya's too late. Delacroix.

Now, it was Goya. Bad luck.

Ten points for this.

What final four letters

link the English names of countries whose emblems

are a golden lion wielding a sword,

a white eagle with a golden beak and talons,

a white cross on a red field and a harp?

Liverpool, Nugent. L-A-N-D. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Finland, Poland, Switzerland and Ireland.

So, the first set of bonuses for you, Liverpool,

are on chemical elements.

A figure of Greek mythology who served his own son, Pelops,

as a dish in a banquet for the gods

is the source of the name of which transition metal,

used in the manufacture of surgical instruments

and mobile phone capacitors?

Tantalum. Correct.

Which element is found in the ore tantalite

and is named after the daughter of Tantalus?

Don't know? Pass.

It's niobium.

And finally, the element titanium

is named after the mythological Titans.

Which element takes its name from the individual Titan

who was the son of Iapetus?

Neptune?

No, he's a god.

Um...promethium.

Correct.

Ten points for this.

Discovered by the Danish scientist and future Nobel Laureate Henrik Dam in 1929,

which vitamin appears in the human body primarily in its two main forms,

phylloquinone and menaquinone?

Cardiff, Caputo. K.

K is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on literary works that have faced prosecution.

Firstly, six poems were omitted from the second edition

of Les Fleurs Du Mal,

after being judged offensive to public morals.

Who was the author?

Baudelaire. Baudelaire. Correct.

Copies of the first English edition of which novel,

set during a single day in 1904, were burned by the New York Post Office authorities,

although in 1933, an American court ruled that the book wasn't obscene

and it was successfully published the following year?

Ulysses. Correct.

DH Lawrence was prosecuted for obscenity

after the publication in 1915 of which novel,

following three generations of the Brangwen family?

THEY SPEAK AT ONCE

Was it Women In Love?

I know Lady Chatterley...

It doesn't fit the description.

Lady Chatterley's Lover. No, that was about 30 years later. It was The Rainbow.

Containing only two different digits,

which year saw the publication of Shelley's Ozymandias

and the birth of Emily Bronte? It also...

Liverpool, Jenkin-Smith. 1819.

No, you lose five points.

It also appears on the title pages of the first editions

of Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey

and Persuasion?

Cardiff, Evans. 1818.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on physics, Cardiff.

The sub-atomic particles known as neutrinos

can interact through two fundamental forces. One is gravity.

What's the other?

Isn't it electrostatic...

radiation?

Is it the weak force? Yeah?

The weak force. Correct.

The weak force has a short effective range - shorter than an atomic nucleus -

because of what property of its mediating particles,

the W and Z bosons?

They have half the charge, I think.

They have half the charge. No, it's their mass.

And finally, unlike other forces,

the weak force can violate the conservation of a property of particles called flavour,

allowing one type of neutrino to transform into another.

It can also transform a down quark into an up quark

in what common form of radioactivity?

THEY CONFER

Alpha's to do with helium, isn't it?

Alpha's the nucleus.

Beta. Beta is correct, yes.

We're going to take a picture round.

You'll see maps of parts of both the UK and the United States,

with a shared city name highlighted on each.

Ten points if you can give me the shared name.

Cardiff, Parry-Jones. Bangor.

It is Bangor, yes.

APPLAUSE

Bangor, Maine and Bangor, North Wales.

Picture bonuses for you, Cardiff.

Following on from Bangor,

three more transatlantic locations

with a common name for you to identify. Firstly, for five...

Is that Lincoln?

That's Lincolnshire.

And that's, um...

Illinois.

No, that's not it...

Is that Arkansas? No, it's not Arkansas.

Little Rock?

No, it's not...

Which county do we think...? Lincolnshire.

Lincoln. Lincoln.

It is. Lincoln, Lincolnshire and Lincoln, Nebraska.

And secondly...

THEY CONFER

That's, um... Richmond.

Richmond.

It is. Richmond, Yorkshire and Richmond, Virginia.

And finally...

Is that Manchester?

I think it is. Manchester.

It's Manchester, New Hampshire and Manchester in England.

Well done. APPLAUSE

Another starter question.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a form of motor neurone disease

also known by the name of which baseball player?

Liverpool, Nugent. Lou Gehrig.

Lou Gehrig is right, yes. APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Liverpool, are on South American presidents.

Named after the man who took office in 1956

and was later forced into exile by the military junta,

Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek Airport

serves which city?

What nationality?

THEY WHISPER

Sao Paulo?

Sao Paulo.

No, it's Brasilia.

Secondly, which once-exiled professor of sociology

became in 1998 the first Brazilian president to be re-elected

for a second four-year term?

Pass. That's President Cardoso.

Finally, his successor, a former shoe-shine boy

and founding member of the Workers' Party is known by what short nickname?

Pass.

That's Lula.

Ten points for this. According to Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman

in the novel Good Omens,

which well-known route is among the top contenders

for exhibit A as evidence for the hidden hand of Satan?

Cardiff, Evans. The M25. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Cardiff... Did you just guess that?

Very funny!

Your bonuses are on legislation.

The United States' so-called Sunshine Laws

or the Government In The Sunshine Act of 1976

and the Aarhus Convention of 1998

are both concerned with what aspect of human rights,

also covered by an act of parliament passed in 2000 and fully operative in 2005?

Information?

THEY CONFER

Freedom of information? Freedom of information. Correct.

In 1766, the right of access to government documents

was made law in which European country?

It's believed to have been the first in the world to legislate for a more open government.

Netherlands?

I wouldn't be surprised.

Or a Scandinavian country.

Holland or Norway.

Netherlands. No, it was Sweden.

"Open government is a contradiction in terms.

"You can be open or you can have government."

This is an observation from which television series of the 1980s?

Yes, Prime Minister?

Yes, Prime Minister came...

Yes, Prime Minister. No, it's Yes, Minister, but I'll accept that.

Ten points for this.

"In this 25th year of his rule, eminent men are intoning a chorus of praise to him

"as the great peace lord of the world."

These words, from a special commemorative section

of the New York Times in 1913 refer to which monarch?

Liverpool, Jenkin-Smith. Kaiser Wilhelm. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses are on astronomy this time, Liverpool.

The constellation of Taurus holds two prominent star clusters

whose names rhyme. Give both of them.

Any ideas?

Pleiades and...

Pleiades, and we don't know the other.

Even if that's right!

It is right. But you had to give the other one too.

The other one is the Hyades. Bad luck.

The Pleiades and Hyades are both open clusters -

a class of objects which are young in cosmic terms

and are distinguished from which other, much older, class of clusters which includes M22 and M13?

Nebulae. No, they're globular clusters.

What alliterative traditional name is given to the Pleiades,

referring to the number of stars visible to the naked eye on a clear night?

The Seven Sisters. Correct.

Ten points for this.

What given name links the founder

of the model village of Saltaire in Yorkshire,

the father of Lucius and Quintus in a play by Shakespeare...?

Liverpool, Monks. Titus.

Titus is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses, Liverpool, are on Dublin.

Sackville Street in Dublin was in 1924

renamed in honour of which nationalist leader of the early 19th century?

Collins? Collins. No, he was 20th century.

It's Daniel O'Connell.

Now a museum, which jail near Phoenix Park

is particularly associated with the struggle for Irish independence?

Its inmates have included Parnell, Michael Davitt and Eamon de Valera.

St James's? St James's.

No, it's Kilmainham Gaol.

Finally, which 19th-century building became a symbol of the 1916 Easter Rising,

having been seized by insurgents?

The Proclamation of the Irish Republic was read out from its steps.

The Dublin Post Office.

I'll accept it. It was the General Post Office.

Ten points for this.

In the 1870s,

which German archaeologist led excavations

of Mycenae in Troy, unearthing the...?

Cardiff, Caputo. Ernst Schliemann.

I'll accept. Schliemann is all I wanted, but it was Heinrich Schliemann.

15 points for these bonuses. They're on letters of the alphabet.

In Shakespeare's King Lear, the Duke of Kent

refers to which letter of the alphabet

as "thou unnecessary letter"?

H?

I think it was Y. Y.

No, it's Z.

According to its entry in the Oxford English dictionary,

which letter of the alphabet did the playwright Ben Jonson

describe as "the dog's letter"?

Dog's letter...

Could be C.

The Latin...canis.

It's going to be a guess. C.

No, it was R.

And finally, eliciting the response, "What, never?"

which single letter completes the following lines from HMS Pinafore?

"Though bother it I may,

"occasionally say, I never use a big, big..."?

I think it's going to end in an A sound.

So K or J...

K. K?

I can't think.

K. No, it's D.

Right, we're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of classical music

played in an untypical performance.

For ten points, I want the name of the composer, please.

UKULELE PLAYS

Cardiff, Lawford. Mozart.

It is Mozart, yes.

APPLAUSE

It was Piano Sonata No 11 in A Major,

performed, in that instance, on a ukulele.

For your bonuses, you'll hear three pieces of classical musical

played by the Ukulele Orchestra of Great Britain.

In each case, tell me the composer and the title of the piece, please.

Firstly, for five, the composer and title of this piece

from Act III of an opera of 1870, here performed live.

BOMBASTIC TUNE PLAYED GENTLY ON UKULELE

LAUGHTER

It's Richard Wagner, Die Walkure, Ride Of The Valkyries.

Correct, yes. Magisterial, isn't it, played on the ukulele?!

Secondly, the composer and title of this piece from the second act

of a ballet of 1892.

ENCHANTING NOTES PICKED OUT ON UKULELE

Tchaikovsky, Sugar Plum Fairy. Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy, yes.

And finally,

the composer and title of this piece, taken from a symphony

which premiered in 1825, again performed live.

ROUSING TUNE STRUMMED SOFTLY

Beethoven's Symphony No 9. It is. That's the Ode To Joy.

Ten points for this. In space science,

what small projectile weapon gives its name to an orbital manoeuvre

for changing the velocity...?

Cardiff, Parry-Jones. Slingshot. Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Cardiff, are on zoology.

Bats belong to the order chiroptera.

The sub-order mega-chiroptera

comprises species of bats known by what common general term,

in reference to their diet?

Fruit bat? Yes.

Vampire?

Fruit bat. Fruit bats is correct.

Odonata is an order of primitive winged insects

with the sub-orders anisoptera, commonly known as dragonflies

and zygoptera, commonly known by what name?

Mayflies?

Well, closely related to dragonflies, you have damselflies

and demoiselles.

Damselflies, then?

Damselflies. Correct.

Which insectivorous mammal

is the only member of the order tubulidentata?

Its common name is the Afrikaans for "earth pig".

Aardvark. Aardvark. Correct.

Ten points for this.

Meanings of what term include an ornamental design characteristic of Islamic art,

in music, a passage...?

Cardiff, Caputo. Arabesque.

Arabesque is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Cardiff, are on Members of the Westminster Parliament.

In each case, I want the ceremonial county - for example, Merseyside or East Sussex -

in which the following MPs were elected in 2010.

First for five points, Ben Bradshaw, Nick Harvey and Sarah Wollaston.

Lancashire? Is it the county we need?

The ceremonial county, yeah.

Lancashire.

No, it's Devon.

Second, Andy Burnham, Kate Green and John Leech.

That could be Lancashire!

Lancashire. No, it's Greater Manchester.

And finally, John Redwood, Fiona Mactaggart and Theresa May.

Is that Surrey?

Surrey?

Something makes me think something to do with Bedfordshire for Theresa May.

Bedfordshire. No, it's Berkshire.

Ten points for this.

Listen carefully. Answer as soon as your name is called.

What three-letter combination

is most commonly found at the end of the surnames of the 42 US Presidents?

Liverpool, Monks. Son.

As spelt? S-O-N. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on biochemistry, Liverpool.

What word is used to describe enzymic reactions

that attach carbohydrates to another bio-molecule such as a protein?

Carboxylation.

No, it's glycosylation.

Where in the cell does post-translational glycosylation of proteins occur?

The golgi. That's correct, yes.

The golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum.

And finally, mucus contains glycosylated proteins known as mucins.

What name is given to the mucin-secreting epithelial cells

found in intestinal and respiratory tracts?

Goblet cells.

Goblet cells. Correct.

Ten points for this.

In February 2013, which national football team

beat Burkina Faso 1-0

to win the Africa Cup Of Nations for the third time?

Liverpool, Nugent. Cameroon.

No. Cardiff, Parry-Jones.

Nigeria. Nigeria is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses, Cardiff, on the actor Rupert Graves.

Early in his career, Rupert Graves played Freddy Honeychurch and Alex Scudder

in Merchant-Ivory dramatisations of novels by which author?

EM Forster.

EM Forster.

Correct. Graves plays Dominic Stone in which 2005 film,

based on a graphic novel by Alan Moore and David Lloyd?

THEY CONFER

V For Vendetta.

V For Vendetta. Correct.

Appearing frequently in Conan Doyle's stories,

which character does Graves play in the TV series Sherlock?

Lestrade. Lestrade.

Nominate Parry-Jones. Lestrade.

Detective-Inspector Lestrade is correct.

Time for another picture round.

For your picture starter, a portrait of a European philosopher.

Ten points if you can name him.

Liverpool, Jenkin-Smith. Erasmus.

Erasmus is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

As in Holbein's portrait of him.

He gives his name to the EU's university foreign exchange scheme.

For your bonuses, three more portraits of European figures,

each of whom is commemorated in the name of an EU initiative.

In each case, I simply want you to name the person, please.

First, who's this depicted in a portrait of 1580?

THEY CONFER

Copernicus. It is Copernicus, yes.

Secondly, who's this, depicted in a 16th-century fresco?

THEY CONFER

Aristotle. No, it's Marco Polo.

And finally, in this self-portrait, please.

Leonardo da Vinci. It is indeed.

Fingers on the buzzers. Ten points for this.

Which forename links the wives of the English kings Henry II, Henry III and...?

Liverpool, Monks. Eleanor. Eleanor is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on quantum physics.

Heisenberg's original uncertainty relation

concerned which two observable properties of a particle?

It's its location and its momentum.

Location and momentum. Position and momentum is correct.

Quantitatively, the product of the two uncertainties

is always greater than or equal to the unreduced Planck's Constant, h,

divided by what number?

The speed of light.

No, it's four pi.

A similar uncertainty relationship exists between

energy and what quantity?

Mass. Mass.

No, it's time. Five minutes to go. Ten points for this.

What final four letters link the names of a World Heritage Site

designed by Thomas Jefferson,

a tragedy by Shakespeare set in Venice...?

Liverpool, Jenkin-Smith. C-E-L-O.

You lose five points, I'm afraid.

..a tragedy by Shakespeare set in Venice and Cyprus

and a sour dark cherry?

Cardiff, Caputo. Pest.

No, it's E-L-L-O, as in Monticello, Othello and Morello.

Ten points for this.

"Am toast" is an anagram of what botanical term,

indicating the openings in a leaf through which...?

Liverpool, Spencer. Stomata.

Stomata is correct. Your bonuses this time

are on words. In each case, give the term from the definition. All three have the same four final letters.

Firstly, a debilitating viral disease,

transmitted by mosquitoes,

it causes sudden fever and acute pain in the joints,

hence its alternative name of breakbone fever.

Dengue. Correct.

In linguistics, language seen as an abstract system used by a speech community,

as distinct from the instances of its use by individuals.

Lexeme? Lexeme. No, it's langue.

And finally, a lengthy, aggressive speech, tirade or lecture?

Pass.

It's harangue. Ten points for this.

Mild, bitter, butter, finger, warm,

wild, wind and winter.

What links the German cognates or equivalents of these words?

Liverpool, Nugent. An - A-N?

No.

Cardiff, Evans. Do they rhyme?

No, they have identical spelling with their English cognates.

Ten points for this. First published in 1926,

which work by Agatha Christie is a noted example of the unreliable narrator...?

Liverpool, Monks. The Murder Of Roger Ackroyd. Correct.

These bonuses are on Asia.

The name of which large region of Northern Asia

is often said to derive from a Tatar word meaning "sleeping land"?

Siberia. Correct.

Which Siberian river rises in the in the Tuva Republic

and flows more than 4,000 kilometres into the Kara Sea?

Nominate Jenkin-Smith. The Amu.

No, it's the Yenisey.

A major tributary of the Yenisey,

the Angara is the only river to flow out of which large body of fresh water?

Caspian Sea. No, it's Lake Baikal.

Ten points for this. What is the value in kilometres per hour

of the escape velocity of the Earth? You can have 10% either way.

Cardiff, Evans. 11,000 kilometres. No. Anyone from Liverpool?

Liverpool, Spencer. 25,000.

No, it's 40,000. Ten points for this.

What is the most populous city of the United Kingdom

to lie wholly to the east of Greater London?

Cardiff, Parry-Jones. Norwich. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on a shared prefix, Cardiff.

What generic term denotes any male sex hormone,

all of which are steroids, testosterone being the most important?

Andro? Come on!

Andro.

Androgen is what I wanted.

Secondly, in botany, a plant is described as androgynous

if it bears which two elements, one male and one female,

on the same flower-head?

A stamen and something...

Come on!

Stamen and stigma. No, it's stamen and pistils.

And finally, which astronomer in 1923

discovered cepheid variable stars in the Andromeda nebula,

thereby proving the existence of astronomical objects outside the Milky Way?

Hubble?

Hubble. Hubble is correct. Ten points for this.

The total surface area

of which solid figure can be calculated

with the formula pi r l plus pi r squared?

Liverpool, Spencer. A cone. Correct.

These bonuses are on an algorithm.

After a British electrical engineer born 1918, Booth's multiplication algorithm

is used to multiply what?

Quickly. Pass.

Two signed binary numbers.

Give your answer in binary.

What is binary value 1001 divided by binary value 11?

10.

No, it's 11.

In computing, a nibble contains how many bits?

Two. No, it's four.

Ten points for this.

Which US territory in the Greater Antilles gives its name

to the deepest oceanic trench of the Atlantic?

Cardiff, Parry-Jones. Sorry. No.

Liverpool?

Liverpool, Monks. Mariana.

No, it's Puerto Rico. Ten points for this.

What is the meaning of the Latin infinitive

that is formed by concatenating the top-level domain codes of Spain and Sweden?

Cardiff, Parry-Jones. To be. To be is correct. Esse.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on an Italian city and its art, Cardiff.

In which Italian city is the convent of Santa Maria Delle Grazie,

home to Leonardo's mural of the Last Supper?

Milan.

Milan. Correct.

The Brera Madonna, named after Milan's largest art gallery,

is a work by which early Renaissance artist

also noted for the Baptism Of Christ in London's National Gallery?

Early Renaissance...

Come on!

Benini. No, it's Piero della Francesca.

GONG

Liverpool University have 145. Cardiff have 230.

APPLAUSE

Well, Liverpool, you really weren't on form today,

because you were brilliant last time.

We shall have to say goodbye to you, I fear.

Cardiff, 230 is a terrific score.

We shall look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals. Congratulations.

I hope you can join us next time, but until then,

it's goodbye from Liverpool University... ALL: Goodbye.

..it's goodbye from Cardiff University. ALL: Goodbye. ..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.