Episode 20 University Challenge


Episode 20

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APPLAUSE

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University Challenge.

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Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

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Hello. Three places taken, five still to fill

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in the quarterfinal stage of this competition

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as we play another second round match.

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It is do or die at this stage. Winners go through, losers go home.

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Now, the team from Southampton University lost by 135 to the 165

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scored by St Catharine's College, Cambridge, in round one,

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but then redeemed themselves in the losers' play-offs,

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with 235 against Queen Mary, London's 120.

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As well as being fast on the buzzer,

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they were strong on 19th-century legislation,

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the names of islands and historical climatology.

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Let's see if they can get themselves into the quarterfinals

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as we meet them for the third time.

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Hello, I'm Will Cable,

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I'm from Swindon

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and I'm studying for a master's in history.

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Hi, I'm Sarah Stock, I'm originally from Cardiff,

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and I'm studying chemistry.

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And their captain.

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Hello, I'm Tricia Goggin, I'm originally from New Ross in Ireland

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and I'm doing a PhD in biomedical engineering.

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Hi, I'm Roland Sadler, I'm from London and I'm doing biology.

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APPLAUSE

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The team from Liverpool University had a very convincing win

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over St Peter's College, Oxford in the first round

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with 205 points to 130 at the gong.

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What they didn't know about subatomic physics,

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which was anything at all,

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they made up for with much more useful information

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about Wagner's Tannhauser, Anthony Van Dyke's beard

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and Dr Strangelove's neurological disorder.

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For such a young team, with an average age of 20,

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they are also surprisingly good on things long dead,

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from extinct birds to fossil hominids.

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Let's meet the Liverpool team again.

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Hi, I'm Jenny McLoughlin,

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I'm from Leeds and I'm studying biological and medical sciences.

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Hi, I'm Jack Bennett, I'm from Lancaster and I'm studying law.

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And their captain.

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Hi, I'm Robin Wainwright, I'm from the Wirral

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and I'm studying biological sciences.

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Hi, I'm Ed Bretherton, I'm from Bampton in Devon

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and I'm studying medicine.

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APPLAUSE

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Well, let's just get on with it, shall we?

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Fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

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"It's not worth doing something unless someone, somewhere,

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"would much rather you weren't doing it."

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These words are generally attributed to which writer,

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who died in March 2015?

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-Terry Pratchett?

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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OK, you get the first set of bonuses then, Southampton,

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they're on names and places. In each case,

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give the word from the definition.

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All three begin with the same three letters.

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Firstly, the English name of the mountain on the borders of Turkey,

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Iran and Armenia where Noah's Ark is said

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to have come to rest after the flood.

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Ararat.

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Correct.

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Secondly, an indigenous people of the South American mainland

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and historically of the Greater Antilles.

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They were encountered by Columbus on Hispaniola

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and subsequently suffered a catastrophic loss of population.

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Arawak.

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Correct.

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And, finally, a genus of pine-like coniferous plants

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that includes the Chile pine or monkey puzzle tree.

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Oh, Araucaria?

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-Araucaria?

-(Yeah.)

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-Araucaria.

-Correct.

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Ten points for this. Which decisive battle took its name

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from a town in southern Pennsylvania,

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now the site of a national military park?

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-Gettysburg?

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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These bonuses are on penguins, Southampton.

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Which species of penguin is named after that portion of Antarctica

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where they were first scientifically described in 1840

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by the French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville?

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He had named the region in honour of his wife.

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(Adelie.)

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-Daly?

-Yeah.

-Adelie.

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-Daly?

-Adelie.

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-Adelie.

-Correct.

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Which island group gives its name

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to the most northerly of penguin species,

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with 90% of its population restricted to the islands

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of Fernandina and Isabela?

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No?

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INAUDIBLE

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South Georgia? Is that a species of penguin?

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It might be that. There are penguins there.

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South Georgia? OK.

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South Georgia penguin.

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No, it's the Galapagos penguin.

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And, finally, the most numerous of all the world's penguin,

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which species is distinguished by the gold and yellow crest

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sweeping backwards over the eyes?

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-Macaroni.

-Indeed, yes.

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Right, ten points for this.

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Based at the University of Washington in Seattle,

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the Eot-Wash Torsion Pendulum Experiment is designed to examine

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the behaviour of what fundamental force on scales below a millimetre?

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-Gravity?

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Right, you get bonuses, Liverpool, on infernal science.

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Firstly, the informal division of Precambrian time

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between 4.6 and 4 billion years ago and the deepest zone in the oceans

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both have names derived from that of which mythological underworld?

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-Is it Hades?

-Hades.

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Correct. Which denizen of Hades gives his name to an effect

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used in quantum optics to cool trapped atoms

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by making them repeatedly move up a potential gradient?

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-(Cerberus?)

-(Charon, the boatman.)

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(He doesn't live in Hades, though.)

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-Cerberus?

-No, it's Sisyphus.

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Which transition metal with atomic number 73

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takes its name from a son of Zeus who was punished in Hades?

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Tantalum.

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Correct. Ten points for this.

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What two-word term did the literary critic Frederick Boas coin

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initially to describe Shakespeare's plays All's Well That Ends Well,

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Measure For Measure and Troilus...

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-Problem plays.

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Your bonuses this time, Liverpool, are on opera.

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For each of the following, name the opera in which it appears,

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and give the composer.

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Firstly, Thy Hand, Belinda is a free-flowing recitative

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from which late 17th-century opera based on Book 4 of Virgil's Aeneid?

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Haven't a clue.

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We don't know.

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That's Dido and Aeneas by Purcell.

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Secondly, La Ci Darem La Mano, or You'll Lay Your Hand In Mine,

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is a duet sung by Zerlina and the title character

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in which 18th-century opera?

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It's not Madame Butterfly, is it?

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-What?

-Madame Butterfly or something, but I've no idea.

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Madame Butterfly?

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Madame Butterfly.

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No, it's Don Giovanni, by Mozart.

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And finally, first performed in 1896, in which opera does Rodolfo sing

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Che Gelida Manina, or Your Tiny Hand Is Frozen, on first meeting Mimi?

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That's Madame Butterfly.

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Madame Butterfly, by Puccini.

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No, that's La Boheme by Puccini.

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Right, we're going to take our first picture round now.

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For your picture starter, you're going to see

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a map of South Asia with eight cities highlighted.

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For ten points, tell me

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their sporting significance as of 2015.

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Erm, cricket grounds, hosts for the Cricket World Cup?

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No.

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Is it football teams in the new Indian Super League?

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No, they're home cities of the Indian Premier League, which is

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slightly different, so we're going to take another starter question.

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We'll take the picture bonuses in a moment or two. Listen carefully

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for this starter question.

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I need a four-word answer here.

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A 63-clause document drafted in June 1215

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and a legendary object associated with Joseph of Arimathea

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may be combined to form the title of which 2013 album by Jay Z?

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-Magna Carta Holy Grail?

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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OK, for your bonuses, you are now going to see highlighted three cities

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that are home to a current Indian Premier League cricket team.

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In each case, I want the name of the team based in that city.

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Firstly, the team based in the city at A.

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(Is it Rajasthan?)

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(The Royals.)

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The Rajasthan Royals.

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No, Rajasthan is on the other side of the country.

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It's called the Kolkata Knight Riders.

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Secondly, the team based in the city at B.

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THEY WHISPER

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-Kerela?

-Kerela is a state, not a city.

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We don't know.

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They're the Chennai Super Kings.

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And thirdly, the team based at the city at C.

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I don't know.

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No, no idea.

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They're the Delhi Daredevils. Ten points for this.

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Answer as soon as your name is called. What number is obtained

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if you multiply the number of planets in our solar system

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interior to the asteroid belt

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by the number of planets between the asteroid and Kuiper belts?

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45.

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Nope.

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-16.

-16, indeed, four in each case.

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APPLAUSE

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So you get a set of bonuses now on Central Asia, Liverpool,

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having just taken the lead.

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In which country is the modern city of Mary situated

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in an oasis in the Karakum Desert?

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It lies close to the ruined city of Merv,

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often identified with the settlement known as Alexandria in Margiana.

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Turkmenistan.

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-Turkmenistan.

-Correct.

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Khujand is a major city in which country?

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It lies at the entrance to the Fergana Valley

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and is often identified with the ancient city known as Alexandria Eschate, or Alexandria the Furthest.

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-Tajikistan.

-Tajikistan.

-Correct.

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And finally, its name often said to derive from that of Alexander,

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which major city of Afghanistan

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is thought to occupy the city of Alexandria in Arachosia?

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-Kandahar.

-Kandahar.

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Kandahar is right. Well done.

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Ten points for this.

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In 1940, what two-word term was used by Michael Foot

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and two other commentators writing under the pen name...

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Guilty men?

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Guilty men is correct, yes.

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APPLAUSE

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Your bonuses, Southampton, are on art in the 20th century.

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Firstly, for five points, which art critic was the subject of a biography

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by Virginia Woolf published in 1940, six years after his death?

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Closely associated with the Bloomsbury Group, his works include

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the essay collections Vision And Design and Transformations.

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-Ruskin.

-Ruskin.

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No, it's Roger Fry.

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Secondly, Fry is credited with

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coining the name of which art movement

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when he curated the 1910 exhibition entitled Manet and the what?

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Impressionists?

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Impressionists? Postimpressionists?

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INAUDIBLE

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-Postimpressionists.

-Correct.

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In 1927, Fry published a biography of which French postimpressionist

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whose paintings include The Bathers and The Card Players?

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-Oh, Cezanne.

-Yeah.

-Cezanne.

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Cezanne is right. Ten points for this.

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Which two figures of the first Book of Samuel give their names

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to a 2013 book by the Canadian journalist Malcolm Gladwell,

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subtitled Underdogs, Misfits and the Art of Battling Giants?

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-David and Goliath.

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Liverpool, these bonuses are on words made up of a repeated string of letters, such as papa or murmur.

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In each case, identify the word from the definition.

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Firstly, an informal term for a salivary deposit

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on the surface of the teeth also known as a calculus.

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-Tartar.

-Tartar.

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Correct.

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Secondly, a member of a people of north Africa

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now more commonly known as Amazighs.

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Their Almoravid dynasty founded the city of Marrakech.

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-Berber.

-Correct.

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Thirdly, a term coined by Richard Dawkins for a cultural symbol

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or habit passed from generation to generation,

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analogous to the transmission of genetic material.

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-Meme.

-Correct.

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Ten points for this. In 2007, an astronomical doctoral thesis

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entitled Radial Velocities In The Zodiacal Dust Cloud

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was presented at Imperial College London 36 years after it was begun...

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Brian May.

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Brian May is right, yes.

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APPLAUSE

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Right, these bonuses are on the standard model of particle physics.

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First, which specific fundamental particle of the standard model

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has an electric charge of plus one

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and a mass energy of 105.7 million electron volts?

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I think in the structure of a proton, it's either two up quarks

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and a down quark or two down quarks and an up quark.

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Two ups, it's two ups.

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-Two ups for a proton?

-Yes.

-So it's an up quark.

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An up quark.

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No, it's an anti-muon.

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Secondly, which two particles are massless and electrically neutral?

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Oh, that's a photon.

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Photon and...

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-Which two?

-Two.

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Massless and neutral?

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-Gluon?

-Yeah.

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-Photon and gluon.

-Correct.

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Finally, which is the only standard model article to have zero spin?

0:13:370:13:42

Um, a photon has half spin.

0:13:420:13:45

Zero spin...

0:13:460:13:47

Um...

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Go with...

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-Another "on" - muon, gluon...

-Graviton?

-Graviton.

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-No, it's the Higgs boson.

-Yeah, I was going to say...

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Right, we're going to take a music round now.

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For your music starter,

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you will hear short excerpts from pieces of popular music.

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For ten points, I want the name of the now defunct record label

0:14:050:14:09

that links the three bands you hear.

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INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC PLAYS - BEAT PLUS GUITAR

0:14:120:14:16

-NEW SONG:

-# Son, I'm 30

0:14:200:14:24

# I only went with your mother cos she's dirty

0:14:240:14:28

# And I don't have a decent bone in me... #

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-NEW SONG:

-# I feel so extraordinary

0:14:320:14:36

# Something's got... #

0:14:360:14:39

-Factory Records.

-Yes!

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APPLAUSE

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OK, Southampton, you're on level pegging now.

0:14:460:14:48

For each of your music bonuses,

0:14:480:14:50

you're going to hear three bands or artists, and again I need the name

0:14:500:14:53

of the record label that links them.

0:14:530:14:55

Firstly, for five, what label links the following?

0:14:550:14:58

It began as an independent label

0:14:580:15:00

but is now a subsidiary of Universal Music Group.

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-RAPPING:

-# What up, Pop Brace yourself as I ride on top

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# Close your eyes as you ride Right out your socks

0:15:050:15:07

# Double, lose his mind as he grind in the tunnel

0:15:070:15:10

# Wanna gimme the cash... #

0:15:100:15:11

-Who's this?

-I don't know.

0:15:110:15:12

Anybody know who it is?

0:15:120:15:13

-NEW SONG, RAPPING:

-# ..had a little horsey named Paul Revere

0:15:130:15:16

# Just me and my horsey and a quart of beer

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# Riding across the land Kicking up sand

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# Sheriff's posse's on my tail cos I'm in demand... #

0:15:200:15:23

-NEW SONG, RAPPING:

-# Bass! How low can you go?

0:15:230:15:25

# Death row What a brother know?

0:15:250:15:27

# Once again, back is the incredible rhyme animal... #

0:15:270:15:31

I'm going to have to guess something.

0:15:310:15:33

Beastie Boy Records.

0:15:330:15:35

No, one of the tracks there was by The Beastie Boys

0:15:350:15:37

-but it's Def Jam, was the label.

-Oh!

0:15:370:15:39

Secondly, what label links these bands?

0:15:390:15:42

# It's just that mean old Texas sun

0:15:420:15:46

# It makes me dizzy, dizzy Dizzy in my head... #

0:15:460:15:50

-NEW SONG:

-# Get off the car

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# Kick his chain

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# Kick his pride

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# Get him soaked, hit, run... #

0:15:580:16:01

-NEW SONG:

-# There is a wait so long

-So long, so long

0:16:020:16:06

# You'll never wait so long

0:16:060:16:10

# Here comes your man

0:16:100:16:14

# Here comes your... #

0:16:140:16:15

-RCA?

-No. Island Records?

0:16:160:16:20

No, it's 4AD. And finally, what label links these artists?

0:16:200:16:24

# Cos you can't keep nothing from me Cos I know what I've seen now... #

0:16:240:16:29

THEY LAUGH

0:16:290:16:31

-NEW SONG:

-# Yeah, the bad boys are always catching my eye... #

0:16:310:16:35

OK, so what's Simon Cowell's record label called?

0:16:350:16:38

Oh, is that defunct now?

0:16:380:16:40

-No, they're not all defunct any more.

-Oh, OK.

0:16:400:16:42

-What's his label? Syco, I thought.

-I've no idea.

0:16:420:16:45

-NEW SONG:

-# Baby, you light up my world like nobody else... #

0:16:450:16:48

-Is his label called Syco?

-Yes!

0:16:480:16:51

We'll try that.

0:16:510:16:53

-Syco.

-Well done!

0:16:530:16:55

APPLAUSE

0:16:550:16:56

Right, ten points for this -

0:16:560:16:57

what single-word title of French origin is shared by Beethoven's

0:16:570:17:01

Piano Sonata Number Eight in C minor and Tchaikovsky's Sixth Symphony?

0:17:010:17:06

Liverpool, Wainwright.

0:17:090:17:10

-Pathetique.

-Correct.

0:17:100:17:12

APPLAUSE

0:17:120:17:13

You retake the lead and your bonuses are on reapers, Liverpool.

0:17:150:17:19

A cultivar of Capsicum chinense,

0:17:190:17:22

Carolina Reaper is a variety of what culinary vegetable?

0:17:220:17:26

On the Scoville scale, it has an average of more

0:17:260:17:28

than 1.5 million units, which is an exceptionally high rating.

0:17:280:17:32

-Chilli pepper.

-Correct.

0:17:330:17:35

Referring to a revolt that began in 1640,

0:17:350:17:37

the song Els Segadors, or The Reapers,

0:17:370:17:41

was adopted in 1993 as the national anthem of which European region?

0:17:410:17:46

Basque? Basque Country?

0:17:460:17:48

-Basque Country?

-No, it's Catalonia.

0:17:480:17:51

"Only reapers, reaping early in among the bearded barley..."

0:17:510:17:54

hear the song of the title character in the 1842 version of which poem?

0:17:540:17:59

No, we don't know.

0:18:030:18:05

It's The Lady of Shalott.

0:18:050:18:06

Right, ten points for this.

0:18:060:18:08

The preface to which philosophical work on human autonomy

0:18:080:18:11

states that it seeks the solution to the question

0:18:110:18:14

regarding the possibility or impossibility of metaphysics?

0:18:140:18:18

It was written in German and first published in 1781.

0:18:180:18:21

Critique Of Reason.

0:18:240:18:25

Yes, I'll accept that.

0:18:250:18:27

It's the Critique Of Pure Reason, you've got the right publication.

0:18:270:18:30

So that gives you level pegging

0:18:300:18:32

and a set of bonuses on French photographers.

0:18:320:18:35

The Europeans and The Face Of Asia

0:18:350:18:37

are collections by which French photographer

0:18:370:18:40

who died in 2004, aged 95?

0:18:400:18:42

Cartier-Bresson?

0:18:430:18:45

-He's a French photographer.

-Is he that late, though?

0:18:450:18:47

I think he died a long time before that.

0:18:470:18:50

Name another French photographer.

0:18:500:18:52

The only one I can think of is Bresson now.

0:18:520:18:54

Cartier-Bresson.

0:18:540:18:55

Correct. What pseudonym was adopted by Gaspard-Felix Tournachon,

0:18:550:18:59

noted both for his photographic portraits

0:18:590:19:02

of prominent 19th-century French figures

0:19:020:19:04

and for his early aerial photography?

0:19:040:19:06

Man Ray?

0:19:080:19:10

No. Maybe.

0:19:100:19:12

Man Ray.

0:19:120:19:14

No, it's Felix Nadar.

0:19:140:19:15

And finally, Le Baiser De L'Hotel De Ville, or The Kiss By The Town Hall,

0:19:150:19:19

is a work by which 20th-century Parisian photographer?

0:19:190:19:23

Oh...

0:19:230:19:24

I have no idea.

0:19:260:19:28

Oh, I do know it.

0:19:280:19:29

No.

0:19:350:19:36

No.

0:19:390:19:40

It's by Robert Doisneau.

0:19:400:19:42

Ten points for this.

0:19:420:19:43

Aorak, the highest peak

0:19:430:19:45

in New Zealand's Southern Alps, is also known by...

0:19:450:19:47

Mount Cook.

0:19:480:19:50

Mount Cook is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

0:19:500:19:52

So you will take the lead, Liverpool, and your bonuses are on cell biology.

0:19:520:19:56

What inorganic compound is produced

0:19:560:19:58

by the parietal cells of the gastric epithelium?

0:19:580:20:01

Hydrochloric acid.

0:20:040:20:05

Correct. The hormone gastrin stimulates parietal cells

0:20:050:20:09

to produce hydrochloric acid.

0:20:090:20:11

What cells secrete gastrin?

0:20:110:20:12

THEY CONFER

0:20:150:20:18

We don't know.

0:20:230:20:24

They're G cells.

0:20:240:20:26

Which nerve controls the release of gastrin by G cells?

0:20:260:20:30

THEY CONFER

0:20:320:20:35

Vagul nerve.

0:20:350:20:36

Yes, the vagus, or the tenth cranial nerve.

0:20:360:20:39

So, we're going to take the picture round now.

0:20:390:20:41

So, fingers on the buzzers. Here's your picture starter.

0:20:410:20:43

You're going to see a photograph of an author

0:20:430:20:45

whose major works were in English,

0:20:450:20:47

despite this not being his mother tongue.

0:20:470:20:49

Ten points if you can give me the author's name and first language.

0:20:490:20:52

Joseph Conrad, Ukrainian.

0:20:550:20:57

Anyone like to buzz from Southampton?

0:20:570:21:00

Chekhov, Russian.

0:21:010:21:02

No, it's Joseph Conrad and Polish.

0:21:020:21:05

That was his first language. So, picture bonuses in a moment or two.

0:21:050:21:09

In the meantime, here's another starter question.

0:21:090:21:11

Fingers on the buzzers, please.

0:21:110:21:13

Taking its name from a genus of free-floating seaweed,

0:21:130:21:15

which area of the North Atlantic is often cited as being the only sea...?

0:21:150:21:19

Sargasso.

0:21:210:21:22

Yes, well done. APPLAUSE

0:21:220:21:24

So you get three more photographs

0:21:260:21:28

of authors who wrote works in the English language

0:21:280:21:31

but whose mother tongue was not English.

0:21:310:21:33

In each case, I want the name of the author and their first language.

0:21:330:21:37

Firstly...

0:21:370:21:38

We don't know.

0:21:420:21:44

That's Nabokov, whose first language was Russian.

0:21:440:21:47

Secondly, who's this?

0:21:470:21:49

We don't know again.

0:21:550:21:56

That's Chinua Achebe. His first language was Igbo.

0:21:560:21:59

And finally....

0:21:590:22:00

That's Roald Dahl, isn't it?

0:22:020:22:05

Roald Dahl and Norwegian.

0:22:050:22:06

Correct.

0:22:060:22:08

APPLAUSE Right, another starter question now.

0:22:080:22:10

Which ancient region of Mesopotamia

0:22:100:22:13

has a name that, when read backwards,

0:22:130:22:15

forms the name of one of the legendary brothers

0:22:150:22:18

associated with the founding of Rome?

0:22:180:22:20

BUZZER

0:22:200:22:22

Sumer.

0:22:220:22:23

Sumer is correct, yes.

0:22:230:22:25

This set of bonuses, Liverpool,

0:22:280:22:30

are on winners of the Bafta Award

0:22:300:22:32

for the Outstanding British Film of the Year.

0:22:320:22:34

In each case, name the film from the description.

0:22:340:22:36

Firstly, the 2007 winner,

0:22:360:22:38

a drama based on a novel by Giles Foden.

0:22:380:22:40

It stars Forest Whitaker and James McAvoy.

0:22:400:22:43

Last King Of Scotland.

0:22:430:22:45

-Last King Of Scotland.

-Correct.

0:22:450:22:46

Secondly, the 2009 winner, a documentary by James Marsh.

0:22:460:22:49

Based on Philippe Petit's book To Reach The Clouds,

0:22:490:22:52

it recalls an event of 1974

0:22:520:22:54

around the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center.

0:22:540:22:57

THEY CONFER

0:22:570:23:00

Man On Wire.

0:23:020:23:03

Correct. And lastly, the 2012 winner,

0:23:030:23:05

an espionage film based on a novel by John le Carre

0:23:050:23:08

and starring Gary Oldman as George Smiley.

0:23:080:23:10

Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy.

0:23:100:23:12

Correct. Ten points for this.

0:23:120:23:13

What part of the small intestine

0:23:130:23:15

derives its name from the Latin for "fasting"

0:23:150:23:17

because it was usually found empty during dissection?

0:23:170:23:21

It lies between the duodenum and the ileum.

0:23:210:23:23

-Jejunum.

-Correct.

0:23:250:23:26

A set of bonuses this time for you, Liverpool,

0:23:260:23:28

on the later Roman Republic.

0:23:280:23:31

Firstly, for five points,

0:23:310:23:33

elected Consul an unprecedented seven times,

0:23:330:23:35

which Roman general defeated Germanic tribes

0:23:350:23:38

at the battles of Aquae Sextiae and Vercellae

0:23:380:23:41

in 102 and 101 BC?

0:23:410:23:44

Any idea?

0:23:470:23:49

We don't know.

0:23:490:23:50

It's Gaius Marius.

0:23:500:23:51

Secondly, having defeated Mithridates of Pontus,

0:23:510:23:54

which commander marched his army on Rome

0:23:540:23:57

and became dictator in 82 BC?

0:23:570:23:58

After reforming the constitution, he retired into private life.

0:23:580:24:02

I feel like I should know this.

0:24:060:24:08

No, we don't know.

0:24:080:24:10

That was Lucius Cornelius Sulla.

0:24:100:24:12

And finally, who defeated the Gauls at the Battle of Alesia?

0:24:120:24:15

He was proclaimed dictator for life in 44 BC,

0:24:150:24:17

the year of his death.

0:24:170:24:19

-Julius Caesar.

-Correct. Three and a half minutes to go.

0:24:190:24:21

Ten points for this. What four-letter acronym came to prominence

0:24:210:24:24

after the US sociologist E Digby Baltzell

0:24:240:24:27

used it in the tables for this 1964 book

0:24:270:24:30

The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste...?

0:24:300:24:33

BUZZER

0:24:330:24:34

WASP.

0:24:340:24:36

WASP is correct.

0:24:360:24:37

This set of bonuses is on astronomy, Liverpool.

0:24:370:24:40

On approaching the sun, comets may develop visible tails

0:24:400:24:44

that generally fall into two types.

0:24:440:24:46

What term denotes a tail that tends to be straight and bluish in colour?

0:24:460:24:50

THEY CONFER

0:24:520:24:55

Arrow.

0:24:550:24:56

No, it's an ion tail.

0:24:560:24:57

What type of tail tends to be yellowish and is often curved?

0:24:570:25:01

-We don't know.

-That's a dust tail. And finally,

0:25:030:25:05

what two-word term describes the phenomenon

0:25:050:25:08

predicted by the German astronomer Ludwig Biermann in 1951,

0:25:080:25:12

to account for the rapid acceleration observed in ion or plasma tails?

0:25:120:25:16

No idea, again.

0:25:200:25:21

That's solar wind. Ten points for this.

0:25:210:25:24

Give any of the three years in which WB Yeats,

0:25:240:25:27

Wladyslaw Reymont and George Bernard Shaw

0:25:270:25:30

were successive recipients of the Nobel Prize...

0:25:300:25:32

1924.

0:25:340:25:35

Correct. '23 and '25 were the other two.

0:25:350:25:37

You get a set of bonuses on show caves,

0:25:370:25:39

that is, cave complexes open to the public, Southampton.

0:25:390:25:42

Dan-yr-Ogof, also known as the National Showcave Centre for Wales,

0:25:440:25:48

lies within the boundary of which national park?

0:25:480:25:50

-Snowdonia?

-No.

-Brecon Beacons.

-Yeah.

0:25:500:25:54

-Brecon Beacons.

-Correct. Named after a natural formation,

0:25:540:25:56

the Marble Arch Cave lies

0:25:560:25:58

to the south-east of Enniskillen in which county?

0:25:580:26:00

-Fermanagh.

-Correct. In which English county

0:26:000:26:03

are the Treak Cliff Cavern and the Blue John Caverns,

0:26:030:26:07

the latter named after a semi-precious mineral?

0:26:070:26:09

-Yorkshire?

-Yorkshire.

0:26:110:26:13

No, it's Derbyshire. Ten points for this.

0:26:130:26:15

Listen carefully. The elementary charge, or charge of the proton,

0:26:150:26:18

has a value in coulombs

0:26:180:26:19

approximately equal to 1.6 x 10 raised to what exponent?

0:26:190:26:23

-To the minus 19?

-Correct.

0:26:250:26:27

You get a set of bonuses, this time on currencies of South America.

0:26:270:26:31

In each case, name both the currency and the country in which it's used.

0:26:310:26:35

Firstly, which major world currency replaced the sucre in 2000

0:26:350:26:39

following a major financial crisis?

0:26:390:26:41

THEY CONFER

0:26:410:26:43

Come on.

0:26:470:26:48

Peso in Argentina.

0:26:480:26:49

No, it was the US dollar in Ecuador.

0:26:490:26:51

Co-official with Spanish in the country concerned,

0:26:510:26:53

which indigenous language shares its name with the country's currency?

0:26:530:26:57

No?

0:27:020:27:04

Peso again.

0:27:040:27:06

No, it's the guarani in Paraguay.

0:27:060:27:07

And finally, born 1783, which independence leader gives his name

0:27:070:27:11

to a South American currency?

0:27:110:27:13

-Bolivar.

-In?

-Bolivia.

0:27:130:27:15

-No, it's in Venezuela.

-Venezuela, sorry!

-Bad luck.

0:27:150:27:18

Ten points for this. Which animal

0:27:180:27:19

features in a crowned form on the coat of arms of Austria,

0:27:190:27:22

in a two-headed form on the flag of Albania...?

0:27:220:27:25

-Eagle.

-Correct.

0:27:250:27:27

You get set of bonuses now

0:27:270:27:29

on US states in literature, Southampton.

0:27:290:27:31

First published in 1936,

0:27:310:27:33

Margaret Mitchell's Gone With The Wind is set largely

0:27:330:27:35

in her native Atlanta and Clayton County in which US state?

0:27:350:27:39

-Georgia.

-Correct.

0:27:390:27:40

In Solomon Northup's 1853 memoir 12 Years A Slave,

0:27:400:27:44

the writer recounts his period of servitude on plantations

0:27:440:27:47

in which US state?

0:27:470:27:49

GONG

0:27:500:27:52

It's Louisiana. But you weren't there in time, Southampton, I'm afraid.

0:27:520:27:55

If we'd gone on another few minutes, you might have overtaken them.

0:27:550:27:58

We're going to have to say goodbye to you,

0:27:580:28:00

but thank you very much, you've been a nice team to have with us.

0:28:000:28:03

Liverpool, many congratulations to you.

0:28:030:28:05

We'll look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals,

0:28:050:28:07

which go on and on and on. You'll enjoy them.

0:28:070:28:10

I hope you can join us next time for another second-round match,

0:28:100:28:13

-but until then, it's goodbye from Southampton University...

-Bye!

0:28:130:28:16

-..it's goodbye from Liverpool University...

-Bye.

0:28:160:28:19

..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

0:28:190:28:21

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