Episode 10 University Challenge

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Scotland plays England tonight

with a place in the second round for whichever team shines the brighter.

With four places also available in the losers' play-offs,

we offer our customary advice to both teams.

Try to be quick, as well as right.

The University of Edinburgh have made many appearances

on University Challenge but so far, the trophy has eluded them.

It's one of Scotland's ancient universities,

having received its Royal Charter in 1582 from James VI.

Sir Walter Scott was a student there,

as was Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Louis Stevenson.

And more recently, alumni have included the Olympian Chris Hoy,

the comedian Michael McIntyre,

and the BBC's political editor Laura Kuenssberg.

Representing around 35,000 students with an average age of 23,

let's meet the Edinburgh team.

Hello, my name's Luke, I'm originally from York

and I'm studying Late Antique Islamic and Byzantine studies.

Hi, I'm Ewan, I'm from Aberdeen and I study classics.

This is their captain.

Hi, I'm Joe, I'm from Brighton and I study ecology

and environmental science.

Hello, I'm Emily, I'm from Wilmslow, Cheshire,

and I'm studying chemistry.

Now, moving south of the border, the team from the University of Durham

represent an institution which has been twice series champion.

It was founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832

and received its Royal Charter five years later.

Although it has a collegiate structure, because there is

no formal teaching within each college,

the university appears in this competition as a single entity.

Alumni include the former head of the Army, Sir Richard Dannatt,

bishop Libby Lane, the actor Andrew Buchan and the broadcasters

George Alagiah, Gabby Logan and Jeremy Vine.

Tonight's four, who also have an average age of 23,

are playing on behalf of around 17,000 fellow students.

Let's meet them.

Hello, I'm Thomas Brophy, I'm from Hatfield in Hertfordshire

and I'm studying mathematics.

Hi, I'm Owen Stenner-Matthews, I'm from Cardiff and I'm studying

for a masters degree in defence, development and diplomacy.

And this is their captain.

Hello, my name's Cressida O'Connor,

I'm from Harrogate in North Yorkshire and I'm reading law.

Hello, my name's Nat Guillou,

I'm originally from Jersey in the Channel Islands

and I'm doing a masters in Arab world studies.

OK, the rules are completely unchanging on this programme.

Ten points for starters, they're solo efforts answered on the buzzer.

Bonuses are worth 15 points and they're collective.

Your first starter for ten.

Finger tricks, lubrication and tensioning are among

the techniques used by those who want to increase their speed

in completing which puzzle invented in 1974?

Rubik's cube. Correct.

Your bonuses are on the screenwriter and director Nora Ephron.

Between 1984 and '94, Ephron received

three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Screenplay.

The first was for the drama Silkwood.

Name either of the other two films,

both of which are romantic comedies.

When Harry Met Sally or Sleepless In Seattle.

They're the only other two I know. Sleepless In Seattle is...

You reckon? Go with it.

Sleepless In Seattle.

That's correct, When Harry Met Sally was the other one.

Five points for this.

Written and directed by Ephron, which 1998 comedy

updated the 1940 film The Shop Around The Corner

for the age of online communication?

You've Got Mail or something like that.

Pardon me? You've Got Mail?

You've Got Mail. Correct.

Which 2009 comedy drama was Ephron's last film?

It's based on the published memoirs of the two title figures

played by Meryl Streep and Amy Adams.

For heaven's sake.

No, can't think.

No? 2009 films with Meryl Streep in?

Sorry. Any 2009? Pardon me?

The Devil Wears Prada, that's the only thing I can think of.

No, it's named after the...

Sorry, pass. It's Julia Julia.

Ten points for this.

What term was coined in around

1793 by the French bishop Henri Gregoire

to denote the destruction of artworks and buildings

following the French Revolution?

Iconoclasm.

No, you lose five points.

The term refers to the East Germanic tribe responsible

for the Sack of Rome in...

Vandalism. Vandalism is correct.

These bonuses are on the solar system, Edinburgh.

Discovered by Christian Huygens,

what is the only moon in the solar system

known to have clouds and a dense atmosphere?

I need the name of the moon and the planet it orbits.

Titan, Saturn. Titan, Saturn.

Correct.

With a diameter of 5,150 kilometres,

Titan is the second largest moon of the solar system.

What is the largest?

Again, I need the name of the moon and the planet it orbits.

Nominate Dale. Ganymede, Jupiter.

Correct.

And finally, with a diameter of about 5,270 kilometres,

Ganymede is about 8% larger than which planet of the solar system?

Mercury. Mercury.

Correct. Ten points for this.

The Wolf Man is discussed in a case study by which psychoanalyst,

whose other patients included the Rat Man and Little Hans?

The first mentioned appeared in the 1918 work

From The History Of An Infantile Neurosis?

Freud. Freud is correct, yes.

You get a set of bonuses on campaigning organisations.

Firstly, for five points,

the CAAT campaigns against what activity, described on its website

as having a devastating impact on human rights and security

and damaging economic development?

Campaign Against the Arms Trade?

Campaign Against the Arms Trade.

That's correct.

The CFW is a campaign, quote,

"To raise awareness of the unique natural renewable

"and biodegradable benefits" of what agricultural product?

The campaign was launched in 2010

with the Prince of Wales as its patron.

Campaign for...

We don't know. It's wool.

For what does the letter O stand in OAC, an action campaign

against a condition that is a major factor in preventable deaths?

Organisation Against...

Organisation but it seems too obvious.

Organisation.

No, it's Obesity.

Right, we're going to take a picture round.

For your picture starter, you will see a map

with an island highlighted.

Ten points if you can identify the island.

Aland.

No, anyone like to buzz from Durham?

Gotland. It is Gotland, yes.

It will be the host of 2017's Island Games,

contested between athletes from island communities across the world.

For your bonuses, you're going to see three more flags,

this time, those of UK islands, according to the UK Flag Institute.

Five for each you can identify. Firstly...

Maybe one of the Viking ones because they used...

One of the Viking ones? One of the Orkneys.

No, it's definitely not Orkney.

Shetland? It isn't that either. I know those two.

Any of the Western Isles? Hebrides. Yeah, go.

Let's have an answer, please. Skye.

No, it's Anglesey. Secondly...

That's the Isle of Wight, I'm pretty certain.

Isle of Wight.

That is the Isle of Wight, yes. And finally...

That's definitely Shetland.

Shetland.

That is Shetland, yes.

Right, ten points for this.

In January 2016,

the Department of Health issued revised guidelines

on alcohol consumption, cutting the recommended limit for men

to how many units of alcohol per week?

21.

No, anyone like to buzz from Edinburgh?

15.

No, it's 14, 21 was the previous limit.

Ten points at stake for this starter question.

Launched in 1990, which joint European-US space probe

was the first craft to fly over the poles of the Sun

and return data on the solar wind and the Sun's magnetic field?

It shares its name with a novel of unusually varied vocabulary,

first published in its entirety in Paris in 1922.

Ulysses.

Correct, yes.

Your bonuses are on British theatres, Durham.

Housed in a former cotton trading hall in Manchester,

which theatre was devastated by an IRA bomb of 1996?

It reopened two years later with a production of

Stanley Houghton's Hindle Wakes,

the same play that was running when the bomb went off.

I think it's something Palace. Something Palace. Any idea?

I always thought that was the Arndale Centre, the '96 bomb.

OK. Oh, no, because the Arndale Centre is a shopping centre

but he said theatre.

Something like Palace, you reckon? What could it be?

It could just be The Palace.

The Palace Theatre. No, it was the Royal Exchange.

In 1945, Glasgow's Royal Princess's Theatre

reopened with what name,

taken from that of the company housed there?

Any clue? At all.

Pass. That's the Citizens Theatre.

And finally, in 2003, which London venue announced that,

as part of a move to become a producing house again,

it had appointed the US actor Kevin Spacey

as its first artistic director?

The National Theatre. The National Theatre.

No, that was the Old Vic.

Ten points for this.

What three letters begin words meaning

a peat or bog moss with cells specialised

for the retention of water,

a ring of muscle that surrounds a tube or an opening...?

SPH. Correct.

Sphagnum, sphincter and so on.

Your bonuses, Edinburgh, are on chemical elements.

In each case, I'd like you to identify the element

from the description.

All three names begin with the same two letters.

Firstly, a toxic white metal that appears between mercury

and lead in the periodic table.

Its sulphate was formerly used as a rodenticide and its name

derives from the Greek for green twig.

Thallium. Thallium.

Correct.

One of the rarest of the rare earth metals,

used in portable X-ray machines and surgical lasers, secondly,

its name derives from an ancient designation of Scandinavia?

Thorium. Thorium.

No, it's thulium. Oh, sorry!

And finally, atomic number 90,

a weakly radioactive metal discovered by Berzelius in 1829.

It can be used as a fuel in nuclear reactors.

Thorium. That is thorium, yes.

Right, ten points for this.

What seven-letter surname links the German philosopher

who wrote The Life Of Jesus Critically Examined,

the US political philosopher who wrote

Persecution And The Art Of Writing,

and the German composer, born 1864, of the operas Elektra and Salome?

Strauss. Strauss is correct, yes.

Edinburgh, these bonuses are on literary figures from Shropshire.

In each case, name the person from the description.

Firstly, a playwright born around 1640.

His works include Love In A Wood,

The Country Wife and The Plain Dealer.

William Wycherley.

Nominate Smith. William Wycherley. Correct.

A novelist born in Oswestry, secondly, in 1913.

Her works include A Glass Of Blessings,

Quartet In Autumn,

and The Sweet Dove Died.

I've no idea.

We don't know. That was Barbara Pym.

And finally, a poet born in Oswestry in 1893.

His works include Strange Meeting and Futility.

I guess it's AE Housman. But I'm not completely sure.

AA Housman. AE!

No, it was Wilfred Owen.

We're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you will hear a piece of popular music.

Ten points if you can give me the name of the band performing.

POP MUSIC PLAYS

Gorillaz.

Gorillaz is correct, yes.

That was their Clint Eastwood,

which musically references Eastwood's films.

For your music bonuses, three more pop songs

that paid tribute to stars of the big and small screen.

I simply want the band in each case.

Firstly, for five.

MUSIC: # Take two people

# Romantic

# Smoky nightclub situation... #

Nothing at all...

# Your cigarette traces a ladder... #

Velvet Underground? Go with that.

Velvet Underground. No, it's Roxy Music,

their 2HB, which was a tribute to Humphrey Bogart. Secondly...

MUSIC: # White on white translucent black capes

# Back on the rack... # Velvet Underground.

We're going to go Velvet Underground again.

No, that was Bauhaus, Bela Lugosi's Dead.

And finally...

MUSIC: # Now Andy, did you hear about this one? #

It's REM. REM.

REM is correct, Man On The Moon.

Right, ten points for this.

Withdrawn from an auction

in 2012 after a Vanity Fair article cast doubts on its authenticity,

a small unsigned work entitled Red, Black And Silver

was reported to have been the last painting by which US artist

before his death in a car accident in 1956?

Rothko.

No.

One of you buzz, Edinburgh, if you like.

Lichtenstein.

No, it was Jackson Pollock.

Ten points for this.

What five-letter name links a town on the Dee Estuary

in North Wales with a city to the north-west of Detroit?

The former is associated with the football...

Flint. Flint is correct.

These bonuses, Edinburgh, are on an Asian country.

In 2000, which country launched the Speak Good English movement

to promote standard English over a local creole known as Singlish?

English is a non-indigenous official language of the country in question.

Singapore. Correct.

In 1979, Singapore had launched a similar campaign

known by the abbreviation SMC.

Which specific language did that campaign promote?

Chinese. Mandarin, I'd say so.

Mandarin? Mandarin Chinese.

Correct.

And in addition to English, Mandarin and Malay,

which South Indian language has an official status in Singapore?

Is it Tamil? Tamil? South India. I think it's Tamil.

Tamil? Could be. Tamil.

Tamil is correct.

Ten points for this.

Who travelled to England in 1848,

under the name William Smith after abdicating the French throne?

He'd been named Lieutenant General and subsequently...

Louis Philippe.

Louis Philippe I is correct.

These bonuses are on an English philosopher, Edinburgh.

Who was the author in 1689 of a work entitled

A Letter Concerning Toleration,

which called for the separation of church and state?

It was first... Locke.

John Locke is correct.

In his first Treatise On Government,

Locke attacked which political theorist's defence

of the divine right of kings, made in the 1680 work Patriarcha?

Is that Hobbes? I think it's Hobbes. Thomas Hobbes.

No, it was Sir Robert Filmer.

And finally, Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

is regarded as one of the first great defences

of which broad philosophical view?

Liberalism. Liberalism.

No, it's empiricism.

Ten points for this.

From the first element in the series,

what name is given to the 15 consecutive radioactive elements

with atomic numbers from 89 to 103?

The actinides. Correct.

These bonuses are on immunology, Durham.

Important in cell-mediated immunity, which lymphocytes

are produced in a bone marrow and mature in the thymus?

T-cells. T-cells. Correct.

What type of T-cell destroys cells infected by viruses

and tumour cells?

Try natural killer cells. You sure?

It's not something like antibodies or antigens?

I think I'd try natural killer cells.

Natural killer cells.

I'll accept that, yes, killer T-cells,

they're normally known as, or cytotoxic T-cells.

And finally, killer T-cells display the glycoprotein CD8

on their surface.

For what do the letters CD stand in that context?

Cell differentiation or something like that.

Cell differentiation.

No, it's the cluster of differentiation.

Ten points for this.

Which country was established as

a kingdom in about 1025 by Boleslaw I,

also known as the Brave?

Partitioned three times in the later 18th century.

Poland. Poland is correct, yes.

You've taken the lead.

Your bonuses are on Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida.

In each case, identify the Greek warrior

described in the following lines.

First, spoken by Ulysses - "Thou great commander,

"nerves and bone of Greece.

"Heart of our numbers, soul and only sprite."

That would be Achilles. Achilles.

No, it's Agamemnon.

Spoken by Thersites - "That stale old mouse-eaten dry cheese."

Could that be Menelaus? Menelaus, maybe.

Menelaus.

No, it's Nestor.

Finally, spoken by Agamemnon - "Over-proud and under-honest,

"in self-assumption, greater than in the note of judgment."

Achilles. That is Achilles, yes.

Ten points for this.

A nephew of Aristotle,

Callisthenes of Olynthus died following his opposition

to the practice of prostration before which ruler...?

Alexander The Great. Correct.

These bonuses would let you retake the lead.

They're on earth science.

In each case, name the tectonic plate - for example, African -

on which the following are located.

Firstly, the Hawaiian Islands.

Pacific oceanic?

The Pacific oceanic plate.

Correct. Second, Borneo and Sulawesi.

Indochinese? Yeah.

The Indochinese plate.

No, it's the Eurasian plate.

And finally, Greenland.

North American. American.

No, it's the... Oh, yeah.

American, North American?

North American.

North American is correct, yes.

Another picture round.

For your starter, you're going to see an engraving.

Ten points if you can identify the artist.

Gustave Dore.

No, anyone like to buzz from Edinburgh?

Albrecht Durer. Correct.

That was Durer's Knight, Death, And The Devil

with death on a pale horse flanking the night.

Your picture bonuses, three more personifications of death.

I simply want the painter of each. Firstly...

Blake?

Blake is a very good shout. William Blake.

William Blake.

It is his Death On A Pale Horse. Secondly...

Yeah, could be.

Nominate Smith. Is it Klimt?

No, it's Schiele, Death And The Maiden.

And finally, who's this?

Oh, my God. That's weird.

Bosch...

Let's go for Bosch? Yeah.

Yeah. Who thinks it's Bosch?

Bosch.

It is Hieronymus Bosch,

Death And The Miser.

Ten points for this.

Part of the cobra family, the genus Bungarus

comprises venomous snakes known by what five-letter Hindi word?

Species include the banded, the redheaded and the blue.

Viper.

Nope.

Mamba.

No, mamba's in sub-Saharan Africa. It's krait.

Ten points for this.

"The Better Angels Of Our Nature - Why Violence Has Declined" is a 20...

Steven Pinker? Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on a shared surname.

The series of articles known as the Essays Of Elia was written

by which author, born in London in 1775?

Essayist sort of 18th century. 19th century, rather.

Fielding? Was he at that time?

I thought he was earlier. Roughly.

We should take it. Fielding?

No, it's Charles Lamb.

Secondly, the US Scientist Willis Eugene Lamb shared the

Nobel Prize in physics in 1955 for his work on the structure of

the spectrum of which element? The phenomenon known as the

Lamb Shift is named after him.

THEY CONFER QUIETLY

We need an element. Could be a r... Sounds like a radioactive element.

Come on. Any clue? No. Pass.

It's hydrogen. William Lamb, who succeeded Lord Grey as

British Prime Minister in 1834,

is more commonly known by which hereditary title?

Erm... Lord Palmerston? Lord what?

Salisbury? I don't know. Salisbury.

Any clue? No. Lord Salisbury?

No, Lord Melbourne. Five minutes to go, ten points for this.

Answer promptly. What is the sum of the fifth prime number and

the fifth digit of pi after the decimal point?

16. Anyone like to buzz from Durham?

13. No, it's 20. 11 and 9.

Ten points for this. Of the six Australian states, which is

the only one to share a border with four of the others?

Australian Capital Territory? Nope.

Anyone want to buzz from Edinburgh?

Queensland? No, it's South Australia. Ten points for this.

FSH, TSH, LH and prolactin are among the hormones produced in which

endocrine gland, situated...?

The pituitary gland. Correct. APPLAUSE

You get bonuses on Malay words in English.

Firstly, for five, originally a Malay word, what is the common

five-letter name of the silk cotton tree Ceiba pentandra? The fine silky

hairs covering its seeds are used as stuffing for bedding and upholstery.

Erm... Kapok? Go for it. Kapok. Correct.

Which small red tropical fruit of the lychee family has a name

derived from the Malay word for hair?

Any clue at all? Red tropical fruit. Like a berry or something?

Let's have it, please. Pa... Say again.

No, nothing, nothing. Pass.. It's the rambutan. And finally,

the name of which small house lizard is thought to derive from a

Malay word that imitates its distinctive cry?

Gecko? Gecko is correct.

And, on level pegging, ten points at stake for this. Snake's Head,

Dove And Rose, Willow Bough, Acanthus, and Strawberry Thief are

among the patterns created by which 19th century designer...?

William Morris. William Morris is correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time are on royal memorials, Edinburgh.

George Gilbert Scott designed which royal memorial? A 53-metre

high Gothic revival structure in Kensington Gardens.

Diana, is it?

No, it's not.

Albert Memorial? The Albert Memorial? Correct.

An equestrian statue of which king occupies the east plinth in

Trafalgar Square? It was originally intended to be placed on top

of the Marble Arch.

George IV. George IV? Correct.

An equestrian statue of which king was installed at Charing Cross

in 1675, a short distance from his place of execution?

Charles I. Charles I. Correct.

APPLAUSE Ten points for this.

Which international organisation is known by the letters OAS?

Founded in Bogota in 1948, its headquarters are in Washington DC.

Organisation of American States? Yes.

APPLAUSE

Brilliant guess, if it was. Your bonuses are on American history.

Hannibal Hamlin, Schuyler Colfax, and Elbridge Gerry were among

those who held which executive office in the government of

the United States during the 19th century?

Erm, Secretary of State? I know Gerry is the one that gerrymandering

is named for, so perhaps something to do with districts.

Erm... Come on. Justice Secretary? Treasury Secretary?

The Treasurer? No, they were Vice-Presidents.

Jubal Early, Braxton Bragg, and Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard

all held what rank in what military force in the 1860s?

Could be something in the Confederate Army.

Were they generals? Don't know.

General in the Confederate Army? Correct.

Levi Coffin, Pleasant Unthank, and Harriet Tubman were all active

in which organisation that helped fugitive slaves to reach safety?

The Underground Railroad. Correct.

APPLAUSE Ten points for this.

On its completion in 1889, the Eiffel Tower became the

tallest structure in the world, surpassing which landmark in

the United States capital?

No, sorry.

The Washington Monument. Correct, and Durham, I'm going to have

to fine you five points for the incorrect interruption.

You get a set of bonuses on Swiss food and drink, Edinburgh.

The melted cheese portion of which dish is served in a

traditional ceramic pot called a caquelon?

Fondue. Correct.

Which cereal was developed in around 1900 by

Dr Maximilian Oskar Bircher-Benner?

It's muesli. Muesli. Correct.

What term describes a flat, hot cake made of grated, cooked or raw

potatoes that's fried in hot butter or fat? Rosti. The dish...

Rosti is correct. Ten points for this.

What chemical is produced in the human body during intense

levels of exercise, where muscle tissues are unable to...?

GONG SOUNDS APPLAUSE

Well, bad luck, Durham. You were on strong form. It was a great game,

and I would bet that 155 actually is probably high enough to come back

as a high-scoring losing team, and as we all know,

teams that come back like that have gone on to win the whole series.

Congratulations to you, Edinburgh. You knew that last one, of

course, was... Lactic acid. Correct. APPLAUSE

Had the gong gone just a second or two later, you'd have been

even further ahead. Congratulations to you.

I hope you can join us again next time for another first-round match,

but until then it's goodbye from Durham University.

Goodbye. It's goodbye from Edinburgh University.

Goodbye. And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.