Episode 9 University Challenge

University Challenge. Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. There's a place in the second round at stake tonight.

It'll go to whichever team is ahead at the gong,

and if the losers come away with one of the four highest losing scores,

they'll also qualify for the play-offs and

a final chance to stay in the contest.

The Open University was founded by Harold Wilson

and his Minister of State for Education, Jennie Lee,

as the University of the Air, with the aim of widening access

to higher education through distance learning.

It's based in Milton Keynes,

although only a fraction of its students are lucky enough

ever to go there, and alumni include the comedian and actor,

Lenny Henry, the former Monkee, Micky Dolenz,

and the Labour politicians, Vera Baird and John Reid.

Representing 168,000 students,

and an institution which won this competition in 1984 and 1999,

tonight's team has an average age of 52.

Let's meet them.

Hello, I'm Rob Mitchell, I live in Leicestershire,

and I'm studying for an MSc in Maths.

Hello, I'm Dale Crawford, I live in Shropshire,

and I'm also reading Maths.

And this is their captain.

Hello, I'm Sarah Banks from North Uist in the Western Isles,

and I'm studying Maths.

Hello, I'm Mags Adamson, I'm from Gloucester,

and I'm reading Music as part of an Open degree.

APPLAUSE

Now, playing them is the team representing

the University of Salford, whom we haven't seen in this competition

since 2002. Its university status dates back to 1967,

granted following the Robbins Report of a few years earlier.

Alumni include the actors Ben Kingsley

and Christopher Eccleston, the weather presenter, John Hammond,

and the comedians Jason Manford and Peter Kay.

It can also claim the artist L S Lowry,

who was a student in the university's earlier incarnation,

and it's awarded an honorary doctorate to the poet,

John Cooper Clarke, who's with them tonight in mascot form.

Representing around 19,000 students,

some of whom are based only a stone's throw from this studio,

and with an average age of 38, let's meet the Salford team.

How do?

I'm Robert White, I'm from Halifax, and I'm taking Civil Engineering.

Hello, my name is Mark Sanders. I'm from London and Manchester.

I'm doing an MSc in Information Systems Management.

And this is their captain. Hi, I'm Bradley Wakefield.

I'm from Bradford in West Yorkshire,

and I'm studying for a master's in Aeronautical Engineering.

Hi, my name's Peter Smith, I'm from Durham City,

and I'm reading for a master's in Real Estate Management.

APPLAUSE

Well, the rules never change on this programme.

Starter questions are worth ten points.

They have to be answered individually on the buzzer.

Bonuses are worth 15 points, they're team efforts,

and you can confer on those.

There's a five-point penalty

for incorrect interruptions to starter questions.

Fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

"We have no conviction that this is the right point of view from

"which to criticise the political situation at the current time."

Written by T S Eliot in a 1944 rejection letter,

as a director of Faber And Faber,

these words refer to the "generally Trotskyite politics"

of which novel by George Or...?

Animal Farm. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on varieties of apple, Salford.

Tracing its origins to an apple pip planted

by Mary Ann Brailsford in Nottinghamshire in 1809,

which variety of cooking apple is named after the local butcher,

who purchased the resulting tree in 1846?

Bramley? Bramley, Bramley seedling, is correct.

Introduced in 2004, which cross between a Braeburn and a Gala

has a trademarked name meaning "hidden treasure" in Swahili?

Any ideas?

Sorry, pass. It's a Kanzi.

And finally, which variety of apple was raised by

a retired brewer in Colnbrook near Slough in 1825?

It now accounts for over 50% of the UK acreage of dessert apples.

Granny Smith's? No, it's a Cox's Orange Pippin.

Ten points for this.

The English natural philosopher, William Whewell,

is generally credited with the introduction

of what everyday term when, in an article of 1834, he observed

"The want of any name by which we can designate the students

"of the knowledge of the material world."

Scientist? Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Open, are on an Elizabethan writer and dramatist.

Firstly, for five points,

which dramatist is best known for his play The Shoemaker's Holiday,

and for his collaborations with playwrights such as

Thomas Middleton and John Webster?

Middleton and Rowley, perhaps?

Rowley is all I can think of.

Rowley. No, it's Thomas Dekker.

Secondly, in the 1601 play Poetaster,

which playwright mocked Dekker, describing him as

"a very simple, honest fellow, a dresser of plays"?

Dekker responded by making him

the subject of his comedy, Satiromastix.

Couldn't be Shakespeare that time, could it?

1601? 1601.

Shakespeare? It's Ben Jonson.

Dekker's prose work, The Wonderful Year,

is a vivid account of life in London during the plague of 1603.

Some of its scenes appear to have been used over 100 years later

by which author in the historical fiction,

A Journal Of The Plague Year?

Defoe. Defoe? Defoe.

Daniel Defoe. Correct.

APPLAUSE Ten points for this.

Written by Geoff Deane and Tim Firth,

which 2005 British/American film concerns the alliance between

a struggling Northampton shoe manufacturer and a dra...?

Kinky Boots. Kinky Boots is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Open, are on physics.

The total angular momentum of an atom is determined

by vector addition of its electron orbital

and what other angular momentum?

Er, it's... spin. Spin angular momentum.

Spin angular momentum. Spin is correct, yes.

In 1992, what experiment confirmed the quantisation of electron spin

through the use of a non-uniform magnetic field?

It's named after two German scientists.

Sten-Gerlach.

Yes. Yes, it is. Sten-Gerlach. Nominate Mitchell.

Sten-Gerlach Experiment. Correct.

In 1928, which English physicist produced a wave equation

for the electron that combined relativity with quantum mechanics?

What do you reckon? Dirac. Paul Dirac.

Paul Dirac. Paul Dirac is correct.

APPLAUSE We're going to take a picture round.

For your picture starter,

you'll see a map showing the location of a model village,

that is, a village purpose-built to house workers.

Ten points if you can identify the village.

Saltaire. It is Saltaire, yes.

APPLAUSE

It was built 1851 by Titus Salt,

to house the employees of his textile mills.

Your picture bonuses show the locations

of three more model villages around the UK.

Five points for each you can name.

Firstly, for five...

It's Port Sunlight. Yeah, it is Port Sunlight.

Port Sunlight. It is Port Sunlight, just down the road, that's right.

Built by the Lever Brothers for their soap factory. Secondly...

That's... Is it Cumbernauld? It's near Glasgow.

Is it Cumbernauld? I thought it was New Lanark.

No, that's south of Glasgow, it's not Cumbernauld. New Lanark?

Go for it. New Lanark.

New Lanark?

New Lanark is correct, built by Robert Owen. And finally...

Bournville. Bournville, yeah.

Bournville. Bournville by the Cadbury family, yes.

APPLAUSE Ten points for this.

Glucinium is a former name of which toxic metallic element,

found in emerald and aquamarine?

First isolated in 1828, it is the lightest of the...

Beryllium? Beryllium is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on Lord Chancellors of England.

Firstly, for five points, who succeeded Thomas Wolsey

as Lord Chancellor in 1529, and was later executed by Henry VIII?

In 2000, Pope John Paul II pronounced him

the patron saint of politicians.

Thomas More?

Thomas More. Correct.

Who became Lord Chancellor in 1618?

Two years later,

he published the philosophical work known as The Novum Organum.

Don't know. That was Francis Bacon.

And finally, which Lord Chancellor gives his name

to a code of laws that restricted non-conformists?

His daughter, Anne, married the future King James II in 1660.

Any idea? No. No, we don't know.

It was Edward Hyde, the first Earl of Clarendon. Ten points for this.

Who was the author of the work first published in 1861,

the opening chapter of which book is entitled The Mistress?

It contains advice on how much to pay domestic servants and how

to make a will...

Mrs Beaton.

Correct. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses, Salford, on Germanic tribes.

Which Germanic tribe gives its name to the historic region that covers

parts of Bavaria, the Black Forest, and the source of the River Danube?

It settled there in the third century.

I could say it's Bohemia, but I'm not sure. That's maybe Czech.

That's Czech. We've got the Huns, the Visigoths, or the...

Bohemians sounds good to me, Visigoths don't,

but you're probably right.

You reckon? No, that's more Czech.

I think Bohemia's in Czechoslovakia. So, pass?

I'd say it's Czech, but...

Just guess. Bohemian?

No, it's the Swabians.

Secondly, which Germanic tribe flourished in central Germany

until around the sixth century, and gives its name to the modern

German state whose capital is Erfurt?

Saxons? Saxons?

Yeah. Er, Saxons?

No, they're Thuringians.

And finally, which Germanic tribe gave its name,

both to a chain of islands

on the north coast of the Netherlands and Germany,

and to a common breed of dairy cattle?

Frisians. Correct. APPLAUSE.

Ten points for this.

What six-letter word links two-word terms meaning

"an assessment of how an intervention or policy

"affects outcomes in academic publishing,

"a measure of the citations a journal receives, and...?

Impact. Impact is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE That gives you the lead,

and you get a set of bonuses on the US author and essayist, Joan Didion.

Firstly, for five, Joan Didion's 1968 essay collection,

Slouching Towards Bethlehem, takes its title from the final line

of The Second Coming, a work of 1920 by which Irish poet?

Yeats? W B... W B Yeats? Correct.

The name of which 1979 work by Didion is often also given by

a 1968 studio double album,

whose songs include Back In The USSR and Sexy Sadie?

THEY CONFER QUIETLY

What was the year he said?

1968. The White Album.

The White Album. The White Album? Correct.

And finally, which 1987 work by Didion

is a study of Cuban exile and immigration?

Its single word title is the name of a city in Florida.

Is it Tampa?

You've got Miami, Tampa, Boca Raton...

Jacksonville? I don't know.

Is Fort Lauderdale one?

I'd go for Miami, that's the main city.

Miami? Correct. APPLAUSE

Ten points for this.

Born in Derbyshire in 1964, which sporting figure is credited

with developing the improvement concept known as marginal gains?

He was the British Cycling performance director

for 11 years before...

Dave Brailsford.

Dave Brailsford is correct. APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on presidents of the Royal Society.

Which president of the Royal Society

established that electrons are part of the atom?

He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1906.

J J Thomson? J J Thomson?

It was, yes.

Which Australian-born president of the Royal Society contributed

to the successful small-scale manufacture of penicillin?

He was a joint recipient

of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945.

It's not Fleming, is it? Was Fleming Australian? I don't know.

He could have been, but... It's worth a guess. I don't know.

Fleming? No, that was Sir Howard Florey, and finally,

which recent president of the Royal Society won the Nobel Prize

for Physiology or Medicine in 2001 for his work

on the fish and yeast cell cycle?

THEY CONFER QUIETLY Smith?

Sorry, we've no idea. That's Sir Paul Nurse.

We're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of popular music.

Ten points if you can identify the singer you hear.

# Give me a kiss to... #

Louis Armstrong. It is Louis Armstrong, yes.

A Kiss To Build A Dream On. APPLAUSE

He was one of several people sent overseas by the United States

during the Cold War to try to encourage

the more benign view of the United States by the propagation of jazz.

For your music bonuses,

I want you to identify three more of these so-called jazz ambassadors.

In each case, five points if you can give me the name of the band leader.

Firstly, for five...

JAZZ MUSIC PLAYS

Benny Goodman. No, that was Dizzy Gillespie. Secondly...

PIANO JAZZ PLAYS

Take The "A" Train. Was that Glen Miller? Yeah.

Glen Miller. No, that's Duke Ellington. Take The "A" Train.

And finally...

UP-TEMPO JAZZ PLAYS

Glen Miller. No, that was Benny Goodman. Sing Sing Sing.

LAUGHTER Ten points for this.

Both around 1,600 metres in height,

Ben Lomond and Mount Ossa are among the highest points of which island?

Slightly smaller than Scotland,

it's named after the Dutch navigator who, in 1642,

became the first European to sight it.

Tasmania? Correct. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Open University, are on constitutional legislation.

In each case, give the decade in which

the following acts were passed.

Firstly, passed during the Exclusion Crisis, the Habeas Corpus Act,

which defined the process for checking illegal imprisonment.

The year?

Way back, wasn't it?

The decade. Any idea? Didn't that come in with Magna Carta?

I don't know.

Round about 1680s. OK. 1680s?

1680s. No, it's the 1670s.

Secondly, the Act Of Settlement,

which provided for Protestant succession

through the Hanoverian line.

So that's 17...

17... 1700s, it was united.

1700s? Yeah.

The 1700s. 1700s? Yeah.

1700s. Correct, it was 1701.

And, lastly, the second of two Parliament Acts,

it reduced the time the House of Lords could delay legislation

from two years to one.

The 1910s? Is that more recent?

I don't think so. 1918, it was maybe that. 1910s? Why not?

1910s. No, it was the 1940s. 1949, in fact.

Right, ten points for this.

Described as a "modern Philip Sidney or Lord Byron,"

which British officer organised the kidnap of the German commander

in Crete in 1944?

He later became a noted travel writer,

with works including A Time Of Gifts...

Leigh Fermor. Patrick Leigh Fermor's correct.

APPLAUSE

These set of bonuses are on opera. Get them, and you take the lead.

In each case, listen to the description and name the composer

of the opera and the Italian title by which it is best known.

Firstly, an opera bouffe, first performed in Vienna in 1790,

a somewhat formal translation of the title is Thus Do All Women.

Cosi Fan Tutte. Cosi Fan Tutte.

And Mozart.

Cosi Fan Tutte, by Mozart. Correct.

Secondly, first performed in Venice in 1853,

an opera based on a story by Dumas the younger.

Its title is usually rendered in English as The Fallen Woman.

La Traviata.

La Traviata, and that's Verdi.

La Traviata, Verdi. Correct.

And finally, a one-act opera first performed in Rome in 1890.

Its title means rustic chivalry.

Cavalleria Rusticana. Mascagni. Oh, it's Mascagni.

Cavalleria Rusticana, by Mascagni. Correct.

APPLAUSE Ten points for this.

What term denotes the early form of writing

particularly associated with the Sumerian civilisation?

The term...

Cuneiform. Cuneiform is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on a city in central Asia, Open University.

Thought to be named after a third century Sassanid ruler, the city

of Nishapur lies west of Mashhad in which present day country?

Asia, so we're looking for something that stands out. Yeah.

Kyrgyzstan? Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan. Mm? Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyzstan. No, it's Iran.

Secondly, born in Nishapur in 1048, which astronomer and poet

is best-known in the English-speaking world

for his quatrains or rubaiyat,

translated by Edward FitzGerald in 1859?

Omar Khayyam. Correct.

Nishapur is also noted for which semi-precious stone?

Its name derives from that of a country to the west of Iran,

through which it was transported to the Mediterranean.

Turquoise, Turkey?

Yeah? Oh, could be, yeah.

Turquoise. Correct. APPLAUSE

Ten points for this.

The preface to which early 20th century stage work includes

the assertion that, "It is impossible for an Englishman

"to open his mouth without making some other Englishman despise him."

Pygmalion? Pygmalion, by Shaw, is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on biology, Open University.

Bacteria and eukaryote are among three fundamental groups

sometimes given what taxonomic rank?

The term derives ultimately from the Latin for "lord".

Is that kingdom? Kingdom. Kingdom, isn't it? The top one.

I'd say kingdom. Yeah. Kingdom. No, it's domains.

Secondly, what domain of life includes methane-producing

single-celled prokaryotes distinct from bacteria?

Archaea?

Archaea. Archaea. Correct.

One group of Archaea is categorised as halophilic,

meaning they grow in or tolerate what conditions?

Salt. Correct. We're going to take a second picture round now.

APPLAUSE

For your picture starter, you'll see an engraving.

For ten points, I want you to identify both the artist

who made it, and the biblical figure depicted in the centre of the piece.

Albrecht Durer, and Satan? No.

Open University, one of you buzz.

Durer, and Jacob.

No, it's Dore and Jacob,

so we'll come to the picture bonuses in a moment or two.

Fingers on the buzzers. Another starter question.

Answer as soon as your name is called.

In Mathematics, negative e to the i pi is equal to what?

Minus one? No, anyone want to buzz from the Open?

Plus one. Exactly, yes. Plus one. APPLAUSE

Right, following on from Dore's depiction of Jacob wrestling

with the angel, which none of you managed to identify,

we're going to see three more artistic interpretations

of this theme. In each case, I want you to identify the artist.

Firstly, this French artist.

Poissant? Poissant, maybe. Is it French? French, yeah. Fragonard?

I don't really know.

I think it's older, though.

I think it's older than Fragonard. Poissant. Don't know.

Poissant. No, that's Delacroix.

Secondly, this artist, who's also French.

Might be Fragonard for that one. Fragonard? Might be Fragonard.

Fragonard. No, that's Claude Lorrain.

And, finally, this Dutch artist.

Rubens, perhaps.

Yeah, could be. Yeah.

Rubens? Yeah, yeah.

Rubens. No, that's Rembrandt. Ten points for this.

Sir Robert May, Sir David King, Sir John Beddington and Sir Mark Walport

are among recent holders of which specific government...?

Government Scientific Adviser?

Yes, it's the Government CHIEF Scientific Adviser, that's correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses this time

on the films of the Czech-born British director, Karel Reisz.

Karel Reisz's first feature in 1960

starred Albert Finney as a Midlands factory worker

in an adaptation of which novel by Alan Sillitoe?

Saturday Night And Sunday Morning.

Isn't it Loneliness Of The Long-Distance Runner?

No, no, that was Tom Courtenay. OK, you're right. Saturday Night And...?

Sunday Morning.

Saturday Night And Sunday Morning. Correct.

A biopic of 1968 by Reisz starred Vanessa Redgrave

in the title role of which controversial dancer,

born in California in 1877?

Er... Isadora Duncan. Isadora Duncan.

Isadora Duncan. Correct.

Starring Meryl Streep and Jeremy Irons,

which film of 1981 by Reisz was based on a novel by John Fowles?

The French Lieut... Yeah.

The French Lieutenant's woman. Correct. Ten points for this.

APPLAUSE

Often encountered in 19th century literature,

what word for the French for a pack or bundle indicates the garments

and household items collected by a bride for her marriage?

Dowry? No, you lose five points.

In the dictionary, it appears between "trousers" and "trout".

You may not confer! One of you may buzz.

Trousseau. Trousseau is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, you get a set of bonuses this time on religious terminology.

In each case, give the one or two-word term

from the words of the Catholic Encyclopaedia

which relate to the following.

All three begin with the same letter.

Firstly, a two-word term.

"The Blessed Virgin Mary was preserved exempt from all

"stain of original sin."

Any idea?

Something to do with innocence. Er...

Nominate Sanders.

Innocence? No, it's the Immaculate Conception.

Secondly, what word means

"A remission of the temporal punishment due to sin,

"the guilt of which has been forgiven?"

It begins with I.

Begins with I.

No, that's not it.

Absolution.

It's got to begin with I.

It begins with I. Yeah. Any idea?

Just come up with something Catholic beginning with I.

Sorry, we don't know. It's indulgence.

And finally, what word means

"A censure or prohibition, excluding the faithful

"from participating in certain holy things?"

Intervention? Could it be intervention? We could try, yeah.

Intervention? No, it's interdict.

There are about three minutes to go, and ten points at stake for this.

"The whole is other than the sum of the parts."

Which school of psychology is based on...?

Gestalt. Gestalt is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on G20 member states in Asia, Open University.

The President of which Asian G20 member state has a residence

known in English as The Blue House, or House Of The Blue Roof Tiles?

I'm guessing it's China, because blue is the emperor's colour.

Probably.

Maybe. OK, yeah. China. No, it's South Korea.

Secondly, a palace named Merdeka, meaning "independence,"

is the residence of the President of which G20 member state?

Malaysia, no.

Japan, Indonesia.

Who's won independence?

Indonesia is Dutch, wasn't it? And they became independent. Worth a go.

Why not? Indonesia, is that one of the G20...? Yeah.

Indonesia. Correct.

And finally, the residence of which Asian country's Prime Minister

is known as the Kantei?

Sounds like Japan.

Japan? Yeah. Must be Japan.

Japan. Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

Atenolol, bisoprolol and propranolol

are all examples of medication...

Beta blockers. Correct. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Open University, are on fear in the titles of novels.

In each case, I want you to name the work from the description.

Firstly, resulting from a journalistic assignment

to cover a motorcycle race in Nevada,

a work of 1972 by Hunter S Thompson.

Fear And Loathing In Las Vegas.

Fear And Loathing In Las Vegas. That's correct.

Secondly, a 1914 work by Arthur Conan Doyle.

Part of the novel is a narrative by an undercover Pinkerton agent

in the United States.

Erm...

It wasn't Fear Of The Key, was it? Is that...? What?

Fear Of The Key? It's not The Sign Of Four?

Come on, let's have it, please. I don't know, Fear Of The Key.

Fear Of The Key. No, it's The Valley Of Fear.

And finally, a novel of 1905 by E M Forster.

Its title comes from an epigram in Alexander Pope's Essay On Criticism.

No. No, nothing. No? No, we don't know.

It's Where Angels Fear To Tread. Ten points for this.

Tomanivi is the highest point and Viti Levu and Vanua Levu

are the two largest of the numerous islands of which country?

Its...

Fiji. Fiji is correct. You get a set of bonuses...

GONG SOUNDS And at the gong, the...

APPLAUSE AND CHEERS ..University of Salford have 115,

but the Open University have 210.

APPLAUSE

Well, bad luck, Salford.

I think we'll probably be saying goodbye to you,

but thank you very much for joi... You certainly lost. Yes.

It's fair enough.

And I don't think you're one of the four highest-scoring losing teams,

so I think we probably will be saying goodbye to you,

but thank you very much for joining us.

And Open, congratulations to you.

We shall look forward to seeing you in round two.

Very good performance indeed,

considering you hadn't even met before tonight.

I hope you can join us next time, but until then,

it's goodbye from Salford University.

Goodbye. It's goodbye from the Open University.

Goodbye. And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

Start the clock. Name this show.

BUZZER Top Class.

What is it?

BUZZER A new quiz show.

Which channel is it on?

BUZZER CBBC.

Yes!

The search for the UK's smartest school is on.

It's a triumph!