Episode 36 University Challenge


Episode 36

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APPLAUSE

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University Challenge.

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Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

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Hello. Last time, we saw Wolfson College, Cambridge,

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take the first place in the final of this year's competition.

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Whichever team wins tonight will play them.

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The team from Edinburgh University have arrived here without

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having lost a match.

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The opponents they have beaten along the way were

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the University of Durham, the Open University in the first two rounds,

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and then in the quarterfinals they beat both Birmingham University

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and Wolfson College, Cambridge, who have still managed to make it

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through to the final next week.

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With an average age of 23, let's meet the Edinburgh team again.

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My name is Luke, I'm from York and I'm taking late antique,

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Islamic and Byzantine studies.

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Hi, I'm Ewan, I'm from Aberdeen and I study classics.

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This is their captain.

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Hi, I'm Joe, I'm from Brighton, and I study ecology

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and environmental science.

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Hello, I'm Emily, I'm from Wilmslow, Cheshire,

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and I'm studying chemistry.

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APPLAUSE

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The career to date of the team from Balliol College, Oxford,

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includes wins over Imperial College, London,

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and Robinson College, Cambridge,

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a defeat at the hands of Wolfson College, Cambridge, and then

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victories over Birmingham University and Corpus Christi College, Oxford.

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The Balliol team also have an average age of 23.

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Let's reacquaint ourselves with them.

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Hi, I'm Franny Potts, I'm from Newcastle and I'm reading history.

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I'm Jacob Lloyd, I'm from London and I'm reading for

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a DPhil in English.

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And this chap is their captain.

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Hi, I'm Joey Goldman, I'm from London and I'm reading

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philosophy and theology.

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I'm Ben Pope, I'm from Sydney, Australia,

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and I am doing a DPhil in physics.

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APPLAUSE

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Fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

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What everyday object links a suite of piano pieces by Ravel

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that includes The Valley Of The Bells,

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a website that acts as an exact local replication of another site

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and the hall...?

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Mirror.

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Mirror is right. APPLAUSE

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Your first set of bonuses, Balliol,

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are on the imperial cities of Morocco.

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Firstly, for five points,

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which city west of Rabat was the capital of Morocco until 1912?

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It's the site of the Quaraouiyine Mosque, the seat of

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a university founded in 859, which is sometimes described

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as the oldest in the world.

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-Fes.

-Correct.

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60km from Fes,

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which city became the capital of Morocco in 1673?

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It's noted for its high ramparts and Spanish Moorish architecture.

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We will go for Essaouira.

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No, it's Meknes.

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In which city south of Casablanca is the Jemaa el-Fnaa square?

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The capital of the Almoravids the 12th and 13th century, it's known as

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the Red City from its distinctively coloured buildings.

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-Marrakech.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

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Quote, "It is nonsense to talk of fascist tendencies in his books.

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"There are no post-1918 tendencies at all."

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These words of George Orwell refer to which author, born in 1881?

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His works include Pearls, Girls And Monty Bodkin,

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A Few Quick Ones and The Code Of The Woosters?

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-PG Wodehouse.

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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These bonuses, Balliol, are on an English poet born in about 1552.

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Which poet did Alexander Pope compare

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to a mistress whose faults we see but love her with them all?

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THEY CONFER

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Philip Sidney.

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No, it's Edmund Spenser.

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Identify the poet who wrote these words

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in about 1941 when at university.

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"First I thought Troilus and Criseyde

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"was the most boring poem in English.

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"Now I know the Faerie Queene is the dullest thing out. Blast it."

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-What was the dates?

-'41.

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It could be Larkin.

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-Philip Larkin.

-Correct.

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In 1902, which poet said of Spenser's time as secretary

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to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, "He was the first of many Englishmen

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"to see nothing but what he was desired to see?"

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THEY CONFER

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OK, we will go with Yeats.

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It was WB Yeats.

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Ten points for this.

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Examples being the Square of Pegasus, the Summer Triangle

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and the Winter Hexagon, what eight-letter term denotes a...?

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Asterism.

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Asterism is correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Your bonuses now are on pairs of words, Balliol.

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They differ only by the addition of the initial letter P,

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for example "robe" and "probe."

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In each case I want you to give me both words described.

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Firstly, two terms in astronomy.

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Firstly, a motion away from the observer and

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a change in the axis of rotation of a rotating body such as that

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which causes a gradual drift in the timing of the equinoxes.

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Recession and precession.

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Correct. Secondly, the number of operands to which a mathematical

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operator applies and a term used in quantum physics to describe

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the behaviour of a wave function when all of its spatial

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coordinates are reversed in direction.

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THEY CONFER

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Arity and parity.

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Correct. Finally a rheumatic pain in the lower back and an alternative

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name for the mineral graphite?

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-Carbon...

-Pencil lead.

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Lumbar and plumbar.

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No, it's lumbago and plumbago.

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Ten points for this.

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An author of the Great Reform Act, Sir James Graham,

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said that only dirty and hypocritical cowards would wish

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which specific voting practice?

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A persistent radical demand from the 18th century, it was introduced...

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Universal male suffrage.

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I'm afraid you lose five points.

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It was introduced by WE Forster in an act of 1872.

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-Secret ballots.

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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OK, you're off the mark, Edinburgh,

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here are a set of bonuses on European history.

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Firstly, for five points,

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the miracle of the Marne refers to a major battle in which year

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when an invading force was stopped before it could reach Paris?

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THEY CONFER

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1871.

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No, it was 1914, the early days of the First World War.

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Secondly, Russia's sudden withdrawal from which war was termed

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the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg?

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The Russian empress died and was succeeded by Peter III,

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an admirer of Frederick the Great.

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-The Seven Years War.

-Correct.

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The Miracle on the Vistula is a name sometimes given

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to a Soviet defeat of 1920 near which present day capital?

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THEY CONFER

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-Warsaw.

-Warsaw is correct.

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Ten points for this.

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Name any one of the three men who appear in the title of

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Douglas Hofstadter's 1970...?

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Godel.

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Godel. Do you remember the others?

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-Escher and Bach.

-Well done.

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An Eternal Golden Braid is the subtitle.

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Right, your bonuses are on Latin words.

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All three answers have the same initial letter.

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Firstly, commonly used as the first part of compound nouns

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referring to titles of office, which short word is

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the ablative singular of a Latin word meaning change or stead?

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-Vice.

-Vice is correct.

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From the Latin words for "to see" and "it is permissible,"

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what is the full form of the Latin expression commonly

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abbreviated to viz, used to indicate a more precise explanation

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of a foregoing statement?

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-Nominate Pope.

-Videlicet.

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Correct, or videre licet.

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And, finally, the Latin for "go with me,"

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which term, often hyphenated,

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is used for a portable guidebook or manual?

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-Nominate Pope.

-Vade mecum.

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Vade mecum is correct.

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APPLAUSE

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We're going to take a picture round now.

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For your picture starter you will see an abridged family tree.

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For ten points, I want you to identify the Greek deity

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who is missing.

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-Poseidon.

-Poseidon is correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Your picture bonuses are three more sections of the Greek Theogony

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according to Hesiod and other ancient sources.

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In each case, I simply want the name of the deity or hero who is missing.

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Firstly for five.

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-Aphrodite.

-Correct. Secondly.

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Cyrene.

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I'm afraid it's Mnemosyne.

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Finally.

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Heracles?

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We'll go with Ganymede.

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-It was Heracles.

-Sorry.

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Ten points for this.

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When Horatio Nelson married Frances Nisbet on Nevis

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in the Caribbean in 1787, which of his fellow officers gave away

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the bride, called home the following year

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when his father became mentally incapacitated?

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He later became Duke of Clarence and acceded to the throne

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on the death of his brother in 1830.

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-William IV.

-Correct.

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APPLAUSE

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You get three bonuses on physics, Balliol.

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The oscillation period of a simple pendulum has what mathematical

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dependence on the local acceleration due to gravity, G?

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One over route G.

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That's correct, G to the minus one half.

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Secondly, to the nearest whole number,

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Earth's surface gravity is how many times greater

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than that of the moon?

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-Six.

-Correct.

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If you take a pendulum clock that is calibrated to standard Earth

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gravity and install it on the surface of the moon,

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how long will the hour hand take to move from noon to two,

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to the nearest hour?

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THEY CONFER

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We will go for five hours.

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Five is correct, yes.

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APPLAUSE

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Ten points for this.

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Which play by Shakespeare includes the line,

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"The better part of valour is discretion?"

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Henry IV, Part 1.

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Correct, it's Falstaff.

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APPLAUSE

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These bonuses, Balliol, are on the feminist reformer Josephine Butler.

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In the 1880s, Butler's campaigns ensured the repeal of which

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Acts known by the letters CD?

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The Acts discriminated against women suspected of working

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as prostitutes while prescribing no sanctions against men.

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Common decency.

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No, they were the Contagious Diseases Acts.

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Butler was influential in securing the passage

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of an Act of 1885 that raised the age of consent for women to 16.

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What had it been previously?

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THEY CONFER

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-12.

-No, it was 13.

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In 1878, Butler published a life of which mystic

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and doctor of the church whom she regarded as a model?

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The saint in question was born in Siena in 1347.

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Catherine.

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Saint Catherine is correct. Ten points for this.

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Born in Anatolia circa 240BC, Apollonius of Perga

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was the author of a treatise on what aspect of solid geometry?

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It concerns, among other things, the properties of curves,

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such as the ellipse, parabola and hyperbola?

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Conic sections.

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Conics is correct.

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APPLAUSE

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Your bonuses this time are on qualitative research methods.

0:13:180:13:22

In each case, name the method from the description.

0:13:220:13:25

Firstly, a method used in anthropology in which

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a researcher typically collates observational data about an intact

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cultural group in a natural setting over a prolonged period of time.

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-Ethnography.

-Correct.

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A method that includes a group of approaches that rely on

0:13:440:13:47

the written or spoken words

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or visual representation of individuals.

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Typically, these approaches focus on the lives of individuals

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as told through their own stories.

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THEY CONFER

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Oral history.

0:14:030:14:04

No, it's narrative research.

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And, finally, a method in which researchers conduct in-depth

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analysis of a programme, an event, an activity,

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a process in an individual or a group, bounded by time and activity.

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THEY CONFER

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Deep play.

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No, it's a case study. Ten points for this.

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It's a music question.

0:14:350:14:37

For your music starter you will hear a piece of classical music -

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ten points, if you can identify the composer.

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CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

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-Liszt.

-No.

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Anyone like to buzz from Balliol? You may hear a little more.

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-Gounod.

-No, It is Berlioz.

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So, music bonuses in a moment or two.

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Fingers on the buzzers, here's another starter question.

0:15:150:15:18

Dated to the 1390s,

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which work of art in the International Gothic style

0:15:200:15:23

is named after the house near Salisbury

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where it was kept from 1705 to 1929?

0:15:260:15:28

It's two gilded panels...

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The Wilton Diptych.

0:15:310:15:32

Correct. APPLAUSE

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A moment ago, you heard a little bit of Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique.

0:15:350:15:41

It quotes the melody of the medieval part of the mass known as

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the Dies Irae or the Day of Wrath.

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For your music bonuses, you're going to hear three more excerpts

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from classical works that quote the Dies Irae.

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In each case, I would like to know the composer.

0:15:530:15:56

Firstly...

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CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

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Holst.

0:16:060:16:07

No, that's Rachmaninov from his Symphonic Dances.

0:16:070:16:09

Secondly...

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CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

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Prokofiev.

0:16:260:16:28

No, that's from Mahler's Second Symphony.

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And finally.

0:16:300:16:32

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

0:16:320:16:34

-Liszt.

-It is Liszt, yes.

0:16:430:16:46

Ten points for this.

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Used as a thermal insulator and a horticultural growing medium,

0:16:480:16:52

which clay mineral has a Latin...?

0:16:520:16:55

Vermiculite.

0:16:550:16:56

Correct. APPLAUSE

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Your bonuses, Edinburgh, are on the history of Belgium.

0:17:000:17:03

In each case, give the decade

0:17:030:17:05

in which the following events took place.

0:17:050:17:07

Firstly, an international conference in London declared Belgium

0:17:070:17:10

to be an independent, neutral state, although the Dutch government

0:17:100:17:13

didn't recognise that until the end of the decade.

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THEY CONFER

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1910s.

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No, it was the 1830s.

0:17:310:17:33

Secondly, the Belgian government took over control

0:17:330:17:36

of the Congo from King Leopold.

0:17:360:17:38

The following year, the former Prime Minister Auguste Beernaert

0:17:380:17:41

shared the ninth Nobel Peace Prize.

0:17:410:17:44

-1900s.

-Correct.

0:17:560:17:59

And, finally, Belgium officially became a federal monarchy.

0:17:590:18:02

The following year, Eurostar services began

0:18:020:18:04

between London and Brussels.

0:18:040:18:06

-1990s.

-Correct.

0:18:130:18:16

Ten points for this.

0:18:160:18:17

In which Indian state is the Gir National Park,

0:18:170:18:21

the natural habitat of the Asiatic lion?

0:18:210:18:24

The state is also the location of Surat, the site of the first British

0:18:240:18:28

trading post in India and of Porbandar, the birthplace of Gandhi.

0:18:280:18:33

-Gujarat.

-Correct.

0:18:370:18:39

APPLAUSE

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Your bonuses this time, Balliol,

0:18:420:18:44

are on Shakespeare and US state capitals.

0:18:440:18:47

In each case, I need the name of the capital and its state.

0:18:470:18:51

Firstly, mentioned in the first line of Shakespeare's King Lear,

0:18:510:18:54

which Duke shares his name with a US state capital?

0:18:540:18:58

He is the husband of Goneril.

0:18:580:18:59

-Albany, New York.

-Correct.

0:19:030:19:04

Secondly, which of the four young lovers in

0:19:040:19:07

A Midsummer Night's Dream shares her name with a US state capital?

0:19:070:19:11

-Helena, Montana.

-Correct.

0:19:140:19:16

And, finally, in Richard III, the earldom of the future

0:19:160:19:19

King Henry VII shares its name with which US state capital?

0:19:190:19:24

-Richmond, Virginia.

-Correct.

0:19:240:19:26

Ten points for this.

0:19:260:19:28

In grammar, what term denotes a word or phrase to which

0:19:280:19:32

a relative or other pronoun refers?

0:19:320:19:34

In logic, the same term indicates the first part

0:19:340:19:37

of a hypothetical proposition.

0:19:370:19:39

Predicate.

0:19:390:19:40

No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

0:19:400:19:42

..hypothetical proposition usually introduced by the word "if".

0:19:420:19:46

Does one of you want to buzz, Edinburgh?

0:19:510:19:53

Conditional.

0:19:530:19:55

No, it's the antecedent. Ten points for this.

0:19:550:19:57

The early history of which language family is often identified

0:19:570:20:00

with the prehistoric Kurgan or...?

0:20:000:20:02

Proto-Indo-European.

0:20:040:20:05

Correct, yes.

0:20:050:20:06

APPLAUSE

0:20:060:20:08

Your bonuses are on trees and shrubs this time, Balliol,

0:20:080:20:12

of the olive family.

0:20:120:20:13

In each case, give the common name from the description.

0:20:130:20:16

Firstly, a genus of shrubs whose flowers are cultivated

0:20:160:20:19

for use in perfumery or for flavouring tea.

0:20:190:20:22

It is associated with the Tunisian revolution that began in 2010.

0:20:220:20:26

-Jasmine.

-Correct.

0:20:310:20:33

Secondly, an evergreen shrub of the genus ligustrum,

0:20:330:20:36

commonly used in Britain for hedging.

0:20:360:20:38

-Privet.

-Correct.

0:20:440:20:47

And, finally, a genus of ornamental shrubs also known

0:20:470:20:50

as golden bell and named after a British botanist.

0:20:500:20:53

THEY CONFER

0:20:580:21:00

-Banksia.

-No, it's Forsythia.

0:21:040:21:07

We're going to take a picture round now.

0:21:070:21:09

For your picture starter you'll see a photograph

0:21:090:21:11

of two political figures. For ten points, I want you to give me

0:21:110:21:14

the given names and surname of both.

0:21:140:21:16

Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos.

0:21:200:21:22

Correct. APPLAUSE

0:21:220:21:24

According to Transparency International,

0:21:260:21:28

Ferdinand Marcos embezzled between five and ten billion US dollars

0:21:280:21:33

during his time as dictator of the Philippines.

0:21:330:21:35

For your bonuses, three photographs of national leaders who,

0:21:350:21:39

according to the same source, allegedly embezzled sums

0:21:390:21:42

exceeding one billion US dollars.

0:21:420:21:44

Five points for each you can name.

0:21:440:21:46

Firstly, this dictator who is alleged to have embezzled

0:21:460:21:49

between 15 billion and 35 billion.

0:21:490:21:52

Pol Pot.

0:22:070:22:08

No, it doesn't look anything like Pol Pot.

0:22:080:22:10

No, it's Suharto of Indonesia.

0:22:100:22:12

Secondly, who is this, alleged to have embezzled up to 5 billion?

0:22:120:22:16

-Mobutu.

-It is Mobutu of the Congo... Zaire.

0:22:220:22:26

Finally, this leader who was alleged to have embezzled up to 1 billion.

0:22:260:22:30

Ceausescu.

0:22:320:22:33

No, that's Milosevic, President of Serbia.

0:22:330:22:36

Ten points at stake for this. The title of a novel

0:22:360:22:39

of 1940, what precise five words continue these words of John Donne?

0:22:390:22:45

Any man...

0:22:450:22:47

For Whom The Bell Tolls.

0:22:470:22:48

Correct.

0:22:480:22:49

APPLAUSE

0:22:490:22:51

Your bonuses this time are on European universities, Balliol.

0:22:520:22:56

In 1386, the Elector Palatine Rupert I founded which university

0:22:560:23:01

at a city on the River Neckar?

0:23:010:23:03

-Heidelberg.

-Correct.

0:23:040:23:05

Tartu is home to the oldest university in which country?

0:23:050:23:08

It was founded by Gustavus Adolphus II in 1632.

0:23:080:23:12

-Estonia.

-Correct.

0:23:120:23:14

And, finally, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV gives his name

0:23:140:23:17

to a university he founded in 1348 in which European capital?

0:23:170:23:21

THEY CONFER

0:23:290:23:31

Vienna.

0:23:330:23:34

No, it's Prague.

0:23:340:23:36

Ten points for this.

0:23:360:23:37

Chessmen and tweed are...

0:23:370:23:41

Lewis.

0:23:410:23:42

I'm afraid you lose five points.

0:23:420:23:45

Chessmen and tweed are common associations of each of which two

0:23:450:23:48

place names, usually referred to as separate islands, even though...

0:23:480:23:52

Lewis and Harris.

0:23:520:23:53

Lewis and Harris is correct, yes.

0:23:530:23:54

APPLAUSE

0:23:540:23:56

Your bonuses, Edinburgh,

0:23:570:23:59

are on acronyms used in information technology.

0:23:590:24:01

In each case, simply identify what they stand for.

0:24:010:24:05

Firstly, MIDI,

0:24:050:24:07

a standard for connecting musical instruments to computers.

0:24:070:24:11

Musical input digital interface.

0:24:160:24:18

No, it's musical instrument digital interface.

0:24:180:24:21

Secondly, FLOPS, a measure of computer performance.

0:24:210:24:26

We don't know.

0:24:330:24:34

It's floating-point operations per second.

0:24:340:24:36

And finally, DRAM, a form of data storage.

0:24:360:24:40

Digital random access memory.

0:24:420:24:44

No, it's dynamic random access memory.

0:24:440:24:47

There are three and a bit minutes to go and ten points at stake for this.

0:24:470:24:50

Often cited as an example of the Italian verismo style,

0:24:500:24:53

which composition premiered in 1890

0:24:530:24:56

and was the first major work of Pietro Mascagni?

0:24:560:24:59

-Cavalleria Rusticana.

-Correct.

0:25:010:25:03

You get a set of bonuses on national parks.

0:25:030:25:07

In each case, name the Canadian province in which all of

0:25:070:25:10

the following are located.

0:25:100:25:11

First, Yoho, Glacier and Kootenay.

0:25:110:25:15

-The Yukon.

-No, it's British Columbia.

0:25:170:25:19

Secondly, Thousand Islands, Point Pelee and Pukaskwa.

0:25:190:25:23

-Ontario.

-Correct.

0:25:230:25:25

And finally, Banff, Jasper and...

0:25:250:25:27

-Alberta.

-Correct.

0:25:270:25:29

Ten points for this.

0:25:290:25:30

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of which disease

0:25:300:25:34

known by the initials TSS?

0:25:340:25:36

Toxic shock syndrome.

0:25:380:25:39

Correct. You get a set of bonuses on would-be rulers of England.

0:25:390:25:44

Which heir-presumptive of Henry I lost her throne

0:25:440:25:46

when her cousin launched a coup,

0:25:460:25:48

initiating the period sometimes known as The Anarchy?

0:25:480:25:51

-Matilda.

-Correct.

0:25:510:25:53

Henry the Young King was a son of which English monarch, crowned...?

0:25:530:25:56

-Henry II.

-Correct.

0:25:560:25:58

Barons rebelling against which king offered the throne of England

0:25:580:26:02

to Prince Louis of France?

0:26:020:26:03

Louis abandoned his claim the following year and was crowned

0:26:030:26:06

King of France in 1223.

0:26:060:26:07

-Henry III.

-No, it was John.

0:26:100:26:12

Ten points for this.

0:26:120:26:14

What name links a town in south-west England with a title

0:26:140:26:17

of nobility created for a prominent minister of Charles II,

0:26:170:26:20

and later held by a social reformer whose achievements include

0:26:200:26:24

the Mines Act of 1842?

0:26:240:26:26

The Earl of Sandwich.

0:26:300:26:31

No. Anyone like to buzz from Balliol?

0:26:310:26:34

Marlborough.

0:26:360:26:37

No, it's Shaftesbury.

0:26:370:26:38

Ten points for this. What four-letter adjective links

0:26:380:26:41

a short film of 1917 in which Charlie Chaplin becomes

0:26:410:26:45

a policeman, a 1988 science fiction comedy starring Geena Davis,

0:26:450:26:49

and a 1969 road movie starring Peter Fonda and...

0:26:490:26:53

-Easy.

-Easy is correct.

0:26:530:26:54

APPLAUSE

0:26:540:26:56

These bonuses are on astronomy, Edinburgh.

0:26:580:27:00

For what does the letter M stand in astronomical designations

0:27:000:27:03

such as M11 and 20, representing the Wild Duck Cluster...

0:27:030:27:06

Nominate Dale.

0:27:060:27:07

-Messier.

-Correct.

0:27:070:27:09

In the Messier catalogue of assorted astronomical objects,

0:27:090:27:12

M104 is informally identified with what item of headgear?

0:27:120:27:16

-Sombrero.

-Correct.

0:27:190:27:21

Finally, what aquatic arthropod gives its name to M1,

0:27:210:27:24

a supernova remnant in Taurus?

0:27:240:27:26

-Crab.

-Crab is correct.

0:27:260:27:28

Ten points for this.

0:27:280:27:29

Yasodhara and Rahula were the wife and son respectively of which

0:27:290:27:33

religious figure born in Lumbini in Nepal

0:27:330:27:36

between the sixth and fourth century BCE?

0:27:360:27:39

-Dalai Lama.

-No.

0:27:390:27:41

-Anyone like to buzz?

-The Buddha.

0:27:410:27:44

The Buddha is correct.

0:27:440:27:45

And I'm afraid, Edinburgh, you lose five points for interruption.

0:27:450:27:49

We're going to take a set of bonuses for you now, Balliol, on a country.

0:27:490:27:53

In 1999, Saparmurat Niyazov was named as President...

0:27:530:27:55

GONG

0:27:550:27:57

At the gong, Edinburgh have 140 but Balliol have 215.

0:27:570:28:00

APPLAUSE

0:28:000:28:02

Well, Edinburgh, you were coming back pretty well there from

0:28:050:28:08

a pretty disastrous gap, but you didn't just have enough time to come

0:28:080:28:12

back but thank you very much indeed for joining us.

0:28:120:28:15

We have to say goodbye to you now.

0:28:150:28:16

Balliol, many congratulations.

0:28:160:28:18

We shall look forward to seeing you in the final.

0:28:180:28:21

Terrific performance, 215 is a great score. Thanks.

0:28:210:28:25

I hope you can join us next time for the final match of this series

0:28:250:28:28

but, until then, it's goodbye from Edinburgh University.

0:28:280:28:31

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

0:28:310:28:32

-It's goodbye from Balliol College, Oxford. ALL:

-Goodbye.

0:28:320:28:34

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

0:28:340:28:36

APPLAUSE

0:28:360:28:38

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