Episode 18 University Challenge

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello, last time we saw Emmanuel College, Cambridge win

the first of the eight places in the quarterfinals

stage of this competition. Whichever team wins tonight will join them.

For the losers, though, it's the end.

Now a steaming performance from St John's College, Cambridge

in first round gave them a lead of 255 points over

St Andrew's University's 120.

They were particularly impressive on the films of Francois Truffaut,

hydrocarbons, Graham's Law, and events of the 20th century.

Let's meet them again.

Hi, I'm John-Clark Levin, I'm from Los Angeles, California,

and I'm studying for a PhD in Politics and International Studies.

Hello, I'm Rosie McKeown, I'm from Kingston-upon-Thames

in South West London and I'm studying French and German.

And this is their captain...

I'm James Devine-Stoneman from Southall in West London,

studying for a PhD in Superconducting Spintronics.

Hi, I'm Matt Hazell from Ringwood in Hampshire,

and I'm studying veterinary medicine.

The team from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge

also had a very comfortable win over St Anne's College, Oxford.

They had 225 points at the gong to their opponent's 135.

Their strength proved to be SI derived units, screenplays,

independence days and at least some of the kings of Belgium.

Let's meet them again.

Hi, I'm Tristram Roberts from Amersham in Buckinghamshire,

and I'm studying physics.

Hi, I'm Kripa Panchagnula from Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire

and I'm studying Natural Sciences.

And here's their captain.

Hi, I'm Joseph Krol, I'm from Bingley in West Yorkshire

and I'm studying Maths.

Hi, I'm Benedict McDougall, I'm originally from London

and I'm studying Classics.

APPLAUSE

Well, you all know the rules by now, let's just get on with it.

Fingers on the buzzers.

Ten points at stake for this.

What short adjective links the common name of the deer,

Cervus Elaphus, the title star that includes proximis...

Red?

Red is correct.

The first set of bonuses are on an island, St John's.

Featured in the BBC's Planet Earth II series,

Zavodovski Island

is in which uninhabited island group under British sovereignty?

It shares its name, in part, with a former name of the Hawaiian Islands.

Sandwich... So, South Sandwich Islands?

-OK.

-Does that sound right? South Sandwich Islands.

Correct.

Zavodovski Island has been described as the smelliest on

earth because of fumes emitted from which volcano, also

known as Mount Curry.

It shares its name with the Greek-derived term for suffocation.

Asphyxius... Asphyxia?

-Asphyxia?

-Yeah?

-Asphyxia.

It is Mount Asphyxia, yes.

Another reason for the bad smells on Zavodovski is guano.

The island is home to more than a million members of the

chinstrap and macaroni species of which sea bird?

Penguin.

Correct. Ten points for this.

The quote "I have discovered a truly wonderful proof.

"But the margin is too small to contain it." Which French Mathematician...

Pierre Fermat.

Pierre de Fermat is right. His Last Theorem.

Right, your first bonuses, Corpus Christi,

are on choreographers.

Name each person from a brief biography.

Born 1894, her eponymous technique is based on a principle of

contraction and release.

The first dancer to perform at The White House, her influence

on the medium has been compared to Picasso on modern visual arts.

Is it something like Isadora Duncan?

-I don't know.

-I don't really know to be honest.

Go for it.

Duncan?

No, it's Martha Graham.

Born in 1918, he played a crucial role in the development of

the American Ballet Theatre, and the New York City Ballet,

and choreographed stage musicals such as West Side Story in

1957 and Fiddler on the Roof in 1964.

-Something like Balanchine?

-OK. I don't know.

Balanchine?

No, it's Jerome Robbins.

Finally, a director and choreographer whose

distinctive style often used chairs and hats as props, notably in the

1972 film, Cabaret, for which he won the Best Director Academy Award.

Bob Fosse.

Correct. Ten points for this.

An early example of a woman publishing in English under

her own name, Prayers Or Meditations is a work by which royal figure?

Catherine Parr.

Catherine Parr is right.

These bonuses are on thermodynamics, St Johns.

Denoted by the letter C, with no subscript, what two word term

is used for the energy transferred by heating a sample, divided by

the resulting temperature change.

Specific heat capacity, right?

Two word term, but he asked for three.

Maybe heat capacity?

Heat capacity?

Correct, or thermal capacity, yes.

The specific heat capacity of a sample is obtained by

dividing the heat capacity by what quantity?

Mass.

The mass.

The mass of the sample is right.

At constant pressure on the specific heat capacity of air is

approximately one joule per Kelvin per gram.

So the nearest integer, what is the specific heat capacity of

liquid water under the same conditions in those units?

-Four?

-Four.

Four is right.

Ten points for this.

Which capital city in the

European Union has a longitude of 18 degrees east,

similar to that of Dubrovnik, and a latitude of 59 degrees north.

That is around seven and a half degrees north of London.

Helsinki?

Anyone like to buzz from St John's?

Stockholm?

Stockholm is correct.

You get bonuses on The Handmaid's Tale

by Margaret Atwood.

Offred, the protagonist of The Handmaid's Tale lives in

which fictional republic?

It shares its name with an ancient region mentioned in

the Book Of Judges.

Um... Gilead?

Gilead.

Gilead is correct.

In The Handmaid's Tale, what six letter term denotes a female

domestic servant, in the New Testament it's the name of

the sister of Mary and Lazarus.

-Martha.

-Martha.

Martha is correct.

After a despotic queen in the first Book Of Kings, what is the

nickname of the elicit club to which The Commander takes Offred.

-Jezebel.

-Jezebel.

Correct. 10 points for this.

In physics, what term denotes an interaction between a

particle and its anti-particle...

Annihilation.

Annihilation is right, yes.

You get a set of bonuses on mutinies, Corpus Christi.

Which plain in County Kildare gives its name to an incident

or mutiny of March 1914 in which British army officers threatened

to resign rather than move against Ulster opponents of Home Rule?

A plain in County Kildare, do we have anything?

I don't...

Er... Anywhere in Kildare?

Other than Kildare, no.

Uh... I don't know. The plains of Wexford.

The plains of Wexford, that's another county altogether,

it's the Curragh, the Curragh Mutiny, it's known as.

Which year saw the costly failure of the Nivelle Offensive, which was

followed by widespread mutinies in the French army?

-Oh... I don't know.

-I've got nothing. No.

May as well try something like 1797?

Go for it. 1797?

No, it's 1917.

Which port gives its name to a revolt of the German

high seas fleet that precipitated the German revolution and

the Armistice of November 1918?

Kiel.

Kiel is right. We're going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see an abridged index of first

lines from a notable collection of poetry.

Ten points if you can tell me

the poet whose works are thus represented.

T S Eliot.

It is T S Eliot, yes.

For your picture bonuses we've again abridged the first

lines of three notable poetry collections.

This time, however, for the points I want the poet

and the title of the collection.

Firstly for five.

Sylvia Plath and Ariel.

Sylvia Plath and Ariel?

Correct. Secondly...

A E Housman and A Shropshire Lad.

-Nominate McKeown.

-A E Housman and A Shropshire Lad.

Correct.

And finally...

Blake, Songs Of Innocence And Experience.

Blake, Songs Of Innocence And Experience.

That's correct.

Right, ten points for this.

What descriptive name links beetles in the family Cerambycidae -

characterised by long antennae and having larvae,

that typically bore into wood -

and either of two breeds of beef cattle,

one developed in England and the other in the South West in

the United States, particularly Texas.

Longhorn.

Longhorn is right.

These bonuses are on geography, St John's.

In each case, give the predominant cardinal direction in which

one would travel in the shortest straight line from the first

city to the second, for example, Leeds to Hull is east.

Firstly, Hong Kong to Hanoi?

-West. Yeah.

-Yeah. West.

Correct.

Secondly, Sydney to Brisbane.

North? North?

Is Sydney south coast?

North.

Correct.

And finally, San Paolo to Rio de Janeiro.

Is it closest to cardinal, cos that's roughly east but a bit north.

-So, is it just the cardinal point or...

-I don't know.

I want to say north-east.

I think it's just...

-North.

-East, slightly.

East.

East is correct.

Ten points for this.

In Bizet's Carmen, the Aria Love Is A Rebellious Bird is

an example of what dance in 2/4 time,

particularly associated with Cuba?

Habanera.

Habanera is correct, yes.

These bonuses are on geology, St John's.

What Greek-derived general term denotes the process by which

mountain ranges are formed from the compression of the Earth's

crust by the collision of tectonic plates?

I'm blank.

INAUDIBLE DISCUSSION

Pass.

It's orogeny.

And secondly, what name is given to the movement of one tectonic

plate underneath another at a convergent plate margin.

An example appears in the Andean orogeny.

Subduction.

Correct. Named after a region of southern Peru which tectonic plate

is subducting underneath the South American

plate at the Peru-Chile Trench?

The Nazca Plate.

Correct. Ten points for this.

What SI derived unit might be indirectly expressed as

one weber per tesla, or one newton per pascal or (10 to the 28) barns?

The metre squared.

Correct.

You get a set of bonuses,

Corpus Christi on the artist, Edouard Manet.

Firstly a naked woman sits with two clothed men in contemporary

dress in which painting by Manet?

It aroused disapproval when it was exhibited in 1863.

Olympia.

No, it's Le Dejuener Sur l'herbe.

And secondly,

named after its silver deposits which town on the Seine, northwest

of Paris is the scene of an 1874 work depicting Claude Monet

painting on a boat?

I don't know.

-Is it Asnieres ?

-I don't know.

No, it's really not that...

-Is Versailles in the right direction from Paris?

-I don't think so.

-Shall I just try something?

-Yeah, go for it.

-Asnieres.

No, it's Argenteuil.

And finally, completed the year before his death

and now in The Courtauld Gallery,

an 1882 painting by Manet portrays a barmaid at which Paris venue?

Is this the Folies Bergere. I have got... This is the right one?

I believe so.

-Shall I try that?

-Yep, go for it.

-Folies Bergere.

Correct. Ten points for this.

The residents of a monarchy that was overthrown in 1893,

the Iolani Palace is in which city of the Pacific ocean?

Honolulu.

Honolulu is right.

You get three bonuses on a bacterial genus.

Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in a mould that

prevented the growth of bacteria belonging to which genus?

I'd say Strep...

Sounds familiar.

Streptococcus.

No, it's Staphylococcus.

In the gram stain test to identify bacteria,

a thicker layer of which polymer in the cell wall increases

the ability of staphylococci to retain the dye?

-Nominate Hazell.

-Peptidoglycan.

Correct.

Under the microscope, which fruit does staphylococci

resemble as result of cell division in three planes rather than one?

Grapes.

Correct.

We're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you're going to hear a piece of classical

music by a German composer,.

Ten points if you can identify the composer.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

Brahms.

No, anyone want to buzz from Corpus Christi? You may hear a little more.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

Strauss?

No, it's Carl Maria von Weber's invitation to the dance, so...

Music bonuses in a moment or two, ten points for this.

What short term is used for the property of particles

observed by Otto Stern and Walter Gerlach...

Spin.

Spin is correct, yes.

Right, you heard in the music starter part of Weber's

Invitation To The Dance, it's held

to be one of the first concert waltzes.

Rather than being a piece

meant for dancing it's a programmatic

work telling the story of a couple at the ball.

Your music bonuses are three later programmatic waltzes,

five points for the composer of each.

Firstly, for five.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

It sounds quite American.

-Do you want to go for Gershwin?

-Gershwin, possibly?

Gershwin.

No, that's by Ravel.

La Valse. And secondly...

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

Debussy.

No, that's Sibelius' Valse Triste. And finally...

CLASSICAL PIANO PLAYS

Chopin.

-Chopin.

-No, that's Liszt, his Mephisto Waltz Number One.

Right, ten points for this, in China from 1958 The Great Leap Forward

saw a campaign to eliminate the four pests...

Sparrows.

Yes, sparrow is correct, the others were rats,

flies and mosquitoes, of course.

So you get a set of bonuses now on European Romanticism.

Name the language in which each of the following works was

originally written.

Firstly, the play Ernani first performed in 1830,

it was later adapted by Verdi, with Antonio Superchi playing the

Roman Emperor Charles V at its operatic premier.

I think it's Don Carlos.

Spanish, then.

Don Carlos?

-No, it was French.

-Oh, French.

Adam Miskevitch's multiple volume poem, Dziady, known in English

as Forefather's Eve was originally written in which language?

I would go Polish?

Yeah. Polish.

Polish is correct.

And finally the collection given the English title

Hymns To The Night, first published in 1800 by the author known by his pen name Novalis

was originally written in...

German.

German.

Correct, ten points for this.

What given name of varying spellings links the authors of

French Provincial Cooking, the Wombles,

Aurora Lee and North And South.

Elizabeth.

Correct.

Your bonuses are on capitalism this time,

St John's, in each case name the author of the following.

The 2010 work 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism.

Yeah, it's that South Korean guy, but what's his name.

I don't think I'll get it. Pass.

Ha-Joon Chang.

Secondly, the 1926 work, Religion And The Rise Of Capitalism.

Is that too late for Engels?

I don't know, do you think Engels?

Marx and Engels together were just influenced by each other.

Engels.

No, it's R H Tawney.

And finally the 2007 work

The Shock Doctrine: The Rise Of Disaster Capitalism.

-Nominate Levin.

-Naomi Klein.

Correct. Ten points for this.

On The Cult Of Personality And It's Consequences was a speech

that denounced which former national leader?

Stalin.

Stalin is correct, it was delivered by Khrushchev, of course, in 1956.

Your bonuses are on European countries.

In each case give the demonym that results

in the following suggestions when keyed into Google auto-complete.

For example, cottage, army knife and chard would give Swiss.

Firstly, which adjective from a country name gives deadlift?

-Deadlift? So it's to do with weightlifting?

-Serbian?

No, I don't think so.

Russian, maybe?

Russian.

No, it's Romanian.

Which one gives a Vizsla, a type of hunting dog?

Hungarian.

Correct.

Finally, which demonym gives tea urn?

-Is that Russian, maybe?

-Probably.

-Russian.

That is Russian, yes.

We're going to take a picture round.

For your picture starter you'll see a painting,

for ten points name the artist.

Gericault?

Anyone like to buzz from St John's?

Goya.

No, it's Delacroix.

That was La Giaour.

So we'll come to the picture bonuses in a moment or two

but here's a starter question in the meantime.

In computing what form of cyber attack do the letters DDO...

Distributed Denial Of Service

That's correct, yes.

You'll recall that the picture starter was Delacroix's

version of La Giaour by Byron.

You're going to see three more paintings, this time all

by British artists, that take their inspiration from the works of Byron.

Five points for each artist you can name.

Firstly...

-I don't know.

-It's almost like Ben Jones.

-Say something...

-Ben Jones?

No that's by Maddox Brown, Ford Maddox Brown,

it's Manfred On The Jungfrau.

And secondly...

INAUDIBLE DISCUSSION

I'm not feeling that that much.

But unless you have anything else...?

-Say something.

-Turner?

No that's John Martin's

Manfred On The Jungfrau. And finally...

-Any ideas?

-No. Say Turner again.

-Turner.

It was Turner, yes.

It was The Bright Stone Of Honour And The Tomb Of Marceau,

from Childe Harold.

Right, ten points for this.

In a poem by W H Auden, in his collection Another Time,

the writer uses the phrase, "A low dishonest decade"

to refer to which decade of the twentieth century?

1920s.

No, anyone like to buzz from St John's?

The 1930s.

The 1930s is right, yes.

Right, your bonuses this time

St John's are on Shakespeare, in each

case simply identify the play in which the following lines appear.

In which play does Grumio have the lines,

"Thou knowest winter tames man, woman

"and beast, for it hath tamed my old master and my new mistress."

Grumio...

Coriolanus?

Coriolanus.

No, it's The Taming Of The Shrew.

Secondly in which play does Amiens sing

"Blow, blow thou winter wind, thou art not so unkind as man's ingratitude."

I think, I think that's As You Like It, but...

Take that with a pinch of salt.

As You Like It.

It is As You Like It.

And finally which play opens with the Duke of Gloucester's

lines, "Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious

"summer by this son of York".

Richard III.

Correct, ten points for this.

In the vertebrate immune system,

for what do the letters "NK" stand when referring...

Natural killer.

Correct.

Your bonuses, St John's are on

cricketing terminology from the glossary of ESPNcricinfo.

In each case, give the term from the definition.

All three are five letter words.

Firstly, the area of a pitch that is scuffed up and loosened

by the action of the bowler running through in his follow through.

It becomes a tasty target or spin bowlers who can exploit

the extra turn.

-I have no idea.

-Rough.

Rough is correct.

Secondly the same as a slog, but most used for onside shots.

Pass.

That's a hoik.

And finally a ball that curves through the air,

as opposed to off the seam.

Pass.

It's Swing.

Ten points for this. Four minutes to go.

The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean are among the four books

central to the teachings of which traditional East Asian

system of morals and political thought.

Confucianism.

Confucianism is correct, yes.

Your bonuses, Corpus Christi this time are on Norwegian writers.

My Struggle is the English title of the series of six self-examining

accounts of the day-to-day life of which Norwegian author,

whose work has been described as autobiographical fiction?

Is Strinberg Norwegian?

It's not Ibsen, is it?

If you've got to guess, go for it.

Strinberg.

No, it's Karl Ove Knausgaard.

Which international bestseller by Jostein Gaarder

revolves around a series of lessons in the history of philosophy

given to a 14-year-old schoolgirl?

-I've never heard of this.

-Erm, I dunno.

Go for the previous guess.

It has to be a title.

Shall I just guess something?

From Socrates Down.

No, it's Sophie's World.

Finally, a somewhat surprising bestseller, which non-fiction work

by Lars Mytting is concerned with the felling and chopping of trees.

Erm...

I've heard of this, but I'm not going to remember.

I'm not going to remember.

Spruce.

No, it's Norwegian Wood: Chopping, Stacking And Drying Wood The Scandinavian Way.

Ten points for this.

In Automotive engineering, the Cetane number measures

the ignition quality of what specific type of fuel?

Diesel.

Diesel is correct, yes.

You get bonuses on chess terminology.

Which defensive manoeuvre is the only time in a chess game

when a player may move more than one of their own pieces,

during a single move?

Castling.

Castling is correct.

What term is applied to a pawn that has no other pawns of the same

colour on adjoining files?

Oh, that's a...

-Pass Pawn, is it?

-No, no.

-No, it's an unsupported pawn, or a....

I don't know.

A pass pawn.

It's just known as an isolated pawn.

Referring to an unprotected piece which can be captured

which two-word French term literally means "in take".

En Prise.

En Prise is correct.

Ten points for this.

What name links two saints, one born around 1090,

worked to restore Cistercian monasticism, the second

founded hospices near the two alpine passes that bear his name.

Bernard.

Bernard is right.

Your bonuses are on

Archbishops Of Canterbury now, Corpus Christi.

What is the surname of the father and son who both died in

office as Archbishop Of Canterbury in 1902 and 1944, respectively.

Is this Lang, possibly?

-Go for it.

-Lang?

No, it's Temple.

Succeeding Frederick Temple in 1903, who served as

Archbishop of Canterbury for the next 25 years, the longest

continuous term in the position

since the sixteenth century.

Erm, shall I just try Lang?

Lang?

No that was Randall Thomas Davidson.

And finally which Archbishop Of Canterbury presided over

the 1953 coronation of the present Queen...

GONG

And that's the gong.

Corpus Christi, Cambridge have 80,

St John's College, Cambridge have 285.

It was Archbishop Fisher, of course.

Right well, bad luck Corpus Christi, you were up against very strong

opposition there in your fellow Cambridge college.

Congratulations to you St John's,

we shall look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals,

well done.

I hope you can join us next time for another second round match,

but until then it's goodbye from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge...

Goodbye.

It's goodbye from St John's College, Cambridge.

Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.