Episode 20 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. By the end of tonight's match,

we'll be halfway through the second round of this competition,

and whichever team wins will join Emmanuel College, Cambridge,

St John's College, Cambridge

and Ulster University in the quarterfinals.

For the losers, though, it'll be thank you and goodnight.

Now, the team from University College, London narrowly

lost their first-round match to Trinity College, Oxford

by a margin of 15 points

but then beat St Hugh's College, Oxford by a whopping 315 to 45,

when, as well as being quick to the buzzer,

they had clean sweeps on bonus sets on biochemistry,

transuranium elements and the roles of John Hurt.

Let's meet them again.

Hi, I'm Tom, I'm from Whitchurch in Hampshire and I'm studying history.

Hi, I'm Charlie, I'm from Chelmsford

-and I'm studying for an MSc in neuroscience.

-Here's their captain.

Hi, I'm Robert Gray, I'm from Kingston upon Thames

and I'm doing a PhD in cell biology.

Hello, my name's Omar, I'm originally from Kabul

and I study mathematics.

APPLAUSE

The team from the University of Edinburgh like to live dangerously,

at least if their first-round match against Ulster University

is anything to go by,

when they were neck and neck almost throughout.

They struggled somewhat on characters in Middlemarch

and the films of Martin Scorsese

but were on stronger form on the states of Mexico, SI units

and the prospect of the world's seas turning into pink lemonade,

all of which was enough to give them a five-point lead at the gong.

With an average age of 22, let's meet the Edinburgh team again.

Hi, I'm John, I'm from Edinburgh and I'm studying Russian and history.

Hi, I'm Stanley, I'm from Edinburgh

and I'm studying for an MSc in speech and language processing.

-And here's their captain.

-Hi, I'm Innes, I'm from Glasgow,

and I'm doing a PhD in chemistry.

Hi, I'm Philippa, I'm from Oxford and I'm studying biology.

APPLAUSE

OK, we'll not waste any time reciting the rules.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

What short adjective links a student mass paramilitary movement

mobilised by Mao from 1966,

volunteer followers of Garibaldi...?

Red?

Red is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

-Well done!

-Yes, Stanley!

-Red Guard, Shirts and so on.

You get a set of bonuses, Edinburgh, on lost treasure.

The treasure of which Aztec ruler is said to have been swallowed up

by the waters of Lake Texcoco during a night retreat in 1520?

Montezuma.

Correct. The many thousand gold Louis coins that formed the lost

treasure of Loch Arkaig were intended to support which rebellion?

-Loch Arkaig, yeah?

-Yeah.

-The Jacobite?

-Yeah. Shall we try that?

-Yeah.

Jacobite.

-Which one?

-Oh!

-What's he mean by that? The first?

-The first.

The first Jacobite rebellion.

No, it was the second, 1745. Five points for this one if you get it.

In which county in 2009 did Terry Herbert discover the largest

hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold- and silverwork found to date?

-I didn't hear about that. I don't know.

-I'm not sure.

Could be Suffolk.

-I felt like it was something south-east.

-Shall we try that?

Suffolk.

No, it was Staffordshire. Ten points for this -

the modern version of which sport

is believed to have evolved largely from sphairistike, a ball game

patented in 1874 by the Welshman Major Walter Clopton Wingfield?

The original patent stipulated

an hourglass-shaped court, which is no longer used...

Tennis.

Tennis is correct. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on the song Waltzing Matilda.

Firstly for five points, the coolabah tree, under which the

swagman rests, is a species of what large genus of the myrtle family?

-Eucalyptus?

-Yeah!

Eucalyptus?

Correct. A billabong is a backwater or stagnant pool,

often formed when a meander of a river is cut off.

By what term, after the collar of a domestic animal,

is this formation also known?

Oxbow lake.

Correct. The swagman is challenged by troopers

when, somewhat improbably, he puts

a jumbuck in his tucker bag. What is a jumbuck?

It's like a baby kangaroo, maybe?

No, that's joey.

-Or a baby sheep.

-A gun?

-A gun? Maybe.

-Well, I don't know. It's a guess.

I have a feeling it might be. Go for it.

A gun?

No, it's a sheep. Ten points

for this - I need two answers here - what crime

and what author link the actress Arlena Marshall,

the hotel dancer Ruby Keane, the businessman Samuel Ratchett,

the aristocrat Lord Edgware

and the industrialist Roger Ackroyd?

Murder and Agatha Christie?

Correct! They're all murder victims. APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses are on literary works and paintings, UCL.

The title poem of John Ashbery's Self-Portrait In A Convex Mirror

is named after a work by which Italian painter born in 1503?

He's also noted for the Madonna With The Long Neck.

Oh, didn't Botticelli always draw people with long necks?

-1503. Too early.

-Are you sure?

He always drew people with long necks.

-Sarto?

-Hm?

-Sarto.

No, that's not famous enough. I'd say Botticelli.

-Come on.

-Titian, then.

-Titian.

No, it's Parmigianino.

And born 1643, the Dutch genre and portrait painter Godfried Schalcken

became the title character of a Gothic horror story of 1839

by which Irish writer?

Bram Stoker. Irish, Gothic...

-Yeah. Just say that.

-OK.

Bram Stoker?

No, it's Sheridan Le Fanu.

And in which novel of 1813 is the heroine's opinion of

her future husband affected by seeing his portrait in a gallery

at Pemberley, his family home?

Pride And Prejudice. Pride And Prejudice.

Yeah, you're right. Pride And Prejudice.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

In astronomy, what term

means the loss of starlight as it passes through Earth's atmosphere

or another absorbing or scattering medium?

In biology and ecology,

the same term refers to the final disappearance of a taxon or species.

Extinction?

-Correct.

-Well done.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Edinburgh, are on African mammals.

Large antelopes of what genus appear on the coat of arms of Namibia?

Its four-letter name is thought to derive from the Greek for

"pickaxe" on account of their long, pointed horns.

-Is it oryx?

-Yeah.

-Oryx is a good shout.

Oryx.

-Oryx is correct, yes.

-Well done.

-Cheers.

Secondly, a kob antelope and a crested crane

appear on the coat of arms of which landlocked African country?

It gained independence from Britain in 1962.

'62, Britain...

-Ghana? Is that right?

-No, that's not landlocked.

-Zambia, maybe?

-Let's just try it.

Zambia.

No, it's Uganda. And finally,

which hoofed mammal appears on the coat of arms of Eritrea?

I need the species and not simply the genus.

Can't help you there.

I'm sorry, I don't know.

-Reebok?

-Thomson's gazelle? Is that one?

Yeah, we'll try that. We'll just try that.

Thomson's gazelle.

-No, it's a dromedary.

-Oh.

Right, we're going to take a picture round now. For your picture starter,

you'll see a map showing the location of two

art galleries that both bear the name of a single artist.

For ten points, I want that artist's name, please.

Barbara Hepworth?

Correct. APPLAUSE

For your picture bonuses, I want you to identify three more

artists from the locations of museums dedicated to their works.

Firstly, five points if you can tell me about this artist, born 1928.

-Two, so...

-Is that Poland?

-Southern Poland.

-Kandinsky?

-And what's that?

-Pennsylvania.

-Not Kandinsky, then.

-So, erm...

Polish. Probably Russian.

-Chagall? Marc Chagall.

-Chagall?

No, it was Andy Warhol. One's in Pittsburgh, the other in Slovakia,

where his mother was born.

Secondly, this artist, born 1869.

-Cezanne?

-Yeah.

-You reckon?

Sounds a bit late for Cezanne.

Degas?

-But Degas's too late.

-Born in 1869.

Cezanne?

Cezanne?

No, that's Matisse. One's in his birthplace of Le Cateau,

and one's in Nice, where he spent the end of his life.

Finally, this artist, born 1904.

-Florida...

-And France. And Spain.

-When was he born?

-1904.

Miro was born in Catalonia. That's like Catalonia.

-What did you say?

-Miro?

Miro?

No, it's Dali.

-Dali. Oh!

-Paris and his home town of Figueres and St Petersburg, Florida.

Ten points for this -

what five-letter term, taken from Latin, is used in literature

to denote the return of a previously seen character?

In the titles of works by John Dryden, Anthony Trollope and

John Updike, it follows the words

"Astraea", "Phineas" and "Rabbit".

Run?

-No!

-No. Edinburgh, one of you like to buzz?

Redux?

Redux is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses are on medieval history.

In each case, name the year from the events.

All three answers include at least three identical digits,

for example 1171 or 1555.

Firstly, the establishment of the Rinzai Zen sect in Japan

and Richard the Lionheart's defeat of Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf.

QUIET DISCUSSION

Was it 1180s?

1181? Try that?

-Triple digits. Triple consecutive...

-No, not consecutive.

-Oh, right, OK.

-It might be 1191.

-Try 1191.

1191.

Correct!

Secondly, the birth of the Japanese Buddhist sage Nichiren and the

traditional date of the foundation of the University of Padua.

I've got no idea.

Could it be, like, 14 something?

1333?

Wait, how old's Bologna, though? That's older than Padua, isn't it?

-1444. I'm very sorry if it's wrong.

-That's all right.

1444?

-Come on!

-1444.

-No, it's 1222.

-Oh!

And finally, the end of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan

and Edward III's victory over the Scots at Halidon Hill.

Edward III... Halidon Hill...

-1300s.

-Mm-hm.

So, must be 1333.

Yeah. 1333?

1333?

Correct! APPLAUSE

Ten points for this -

the evergreen tree Taxus baccata has what common name?

The specific epithet...

Yew.

Yew is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on cities in British India

mentioned in Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories.

In each case, name the city from the description.

Firstly, in A Study In Scarlet,

the city to which Watson was removed after being wounded in Afghanistan.

It's a major city of Pakistan not far from the Khyber Pass.

-That's Peshawar?

-Yeah.

Peshawar?

Peshawar is correct.

Mentioned in The Sign Of The Four, the capital of the Andaman Islands.

It shares its two-word name in part

with a post-Thatcher British Prime Minister.

Port Blair? I think so.

Port Blair?

Correct. A city mentioned

in connection with Colonel Sebastian Moran,

the second most dangerous man in London. The capital of Karnataka

state, it is the location of India's equivalent of Silicon Valley.

Bangalore.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

Analogous to disruptive coloration shown by animals such as zebras,

what name is given to the form of camouflage adopted in the...?

Dazzle.

Dazzle is correct. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on German terms in physics.

Firstly for five, what six-letter German word is applied to the

principle that electrons orbiting an atom fill the lowest-energy

orbitals first?

Aufbau principle.

Correct.

Meaning "braking radiation", what German terms denotes the X-rays

emitted by an electron or other charged particle

when it is rapidly slowed down?

-I don't know what that is.

-Do we know any German?

-No.

-Erm...

Helmholtz.

No, it's Bremsstrahlung.

And finally, what short German word meaning "own" or "inherent" can be

prefixed to English words such as "frequency", "function" or "value"?

-Eigen.

-OK.

Eigen.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

North Dakota, Washington and Idaho were among

the six states admitted to the Union

during the administration of which US president?

His grandfather had earlier served as President...

John Adams?

I'm sorry, you lose five points.

..served as President, dying in his 32nd day in office in 1841.

Benjamin Harrison.

Correct. APPLAUSE

You get three bonuses on Eleanor Roosevelt.

Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady

of the United States.

To the nearest whole year, how many years did she serve?

-Three full terms.

-He was elected in 1929.

No, later than that.

Sorry, maybe you're right.

-It was three terms and a year, wasn't it?

-I'm sorry, no, '32.

'33 to '45.

Yeah, so approximately 12.

12.

12 is correct.

In 1939, Roosevelt resigned her membership of which patriotic

organisation when it refused to allow the African-American

singer Marian Anderson to perform at Constitution Hall?

The organisation is known by the abbreviation DAR.

-Daughters of the American Revolution?

-That's a good shout.

Daughters of the American Revolution.

Correct.

In 1948, Roosevelt chaired the United Nations committee

that drafted which document, often abbreviated to UDHR?

She described it as "humanity's Magna Carta".

-Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Is that right?

-Yeah.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Correct. APPLAUSE

We're going to take a music round now. For your starter,

you'll hear a recording of a traditional song.

For ten points, identify the singer.

# I went into his prison cell... #

Dolly Parton?

Dolly Parton, yes. APPLAUSE

On The Banks Of The Ohio.

It's a 19th-century example of a murder ballad,

a traditional subgenre of the ballad form.

Your music bonuses are three contemporary takes on this

traditional genre. Five points for each artist you can identify.

Firstly, for five, name the group performing.

# The cops came by to bring Earl in

# They searched the house high and low

# And they tipped their hats And said, "Thank you, ladies..." #

The Dixie Chicks?

It is the Dixie Chicks, Goodbye Earl.

Secondly, here I'll need the names of both singers in this duet.

# They call me the Wild Rose

# But my name was Elisa Day

# Why they call me that I do not know

# For my name was Elisa Day

# On the second day I brought her a flower

# She was more beautiful than any woman I've seen

# I said, "Do you know where the wild roses...?" #

-Johnny Cash and June Carter?

-Yeah, maybe.

-I don't think it is.

-Come on.

Er, Johnny Cash and June Carter?

No, it's Nick Cave and Kylie Minogue.

And finally, this singer, please.

# I didn't mean to end his life I know it wasn't right... #

Rihanna.

Rihanna is right, yes! APPLAUSE

Too easy! Ten points for this -

which is the only one of the 88 modern constellations

to occupy two non-contiguous regions of the celestial sphere?

The two regions are respectively named Caput and Cauda,

or the Head and the Tail.

Hydra?

No. Anyone like to buzz from Edinburgh?

Great Bear?

No, it's the Serpent, the Serpent or Snake.

Ten points for this - in the last seven years

of his life, Francis Poulenc composed sonatas for the flute,

for the clarinet and for the oboe.

All three feature which other instrument?

Violin?

Nope.

The piano.

The piano is correct. APPLAUSE

We're on level pegging as you get these bonuses, UCL,

on words that contain the name of a country, in the way that the

name Cuba appears in the word "incubate".

Firstly for five points, the name of which South American country

begins a word meaning "an act of examining, reading or viewing"?

Peru? Peruse.

Yeah, OK. Peru.

Peru is correct.

The name of which landlocked African country appears within

the name of the Babylonian king who captured Jerusalem in 597BC?

He's the subject of an opera by Verdi.

Do you know the opera? Could be Chad. Something like...

Nebuchadnezzar! Chad.

Chad?

Correct.

The name of which country on the Black Sea appears within

a word meaning "one within an obsessive desire to start fires"?

Pyromaniac.

-Romania!

-Romania, pyromaniac, yeah, yeah. Romania, yeah.

Romania?

Romania's correct. Well done. APPLAUSE

Ten points for this - of the regnal names

of the monarchs of England and Great Britain since 1066,

what is the only one that is also the name of an SI derived unit?

Henry.

Henry is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses are on ancient Greek dramatists.

Which dramatist fought at the Battle of Marathon in 490BC?

His works include Seven Against Thebes and Persians,

which includes an account of the Battle of Salamis.

Aeschylus.

Correct. Who at the age of 16 led

the choral chant celebrating the Greek victory at Salamis?

His plays include Ajax, Antigone and Oedipus At Colonus.

Sophocles.

Correct. According to legend,

which dramatist was born on the day of the Battle of Salamis?

His works include Alcestis, Medea and The Trojan Women.

Euripides.

Correct. Ten points for this... APPLAUSE

"We came into the world like brother and brother;

"And now let's go hand in hand, not one before another."

These words, spoken by Dromio of Ephesus,

end which of Shakespeare's plays?

Love's Labours Lost?

No. Anyone like to buzz from Edinburgh?

Timon Of Athens?

No, it's The Comedy Of Errors. Ten points for this -

the 19th-century German physician Alfred Volkmann gives his name

to canals in which tissue of the body?

Bone?

Bone is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on the heart, Edinburgh.

What nine-letter name is given to the valve in the human heart that

allows the flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Sure. Is that right? Yeah?

Tricuspid.

Correct. Also known as the pacemaker,

what name is given to the area of cardiac muscle on the upper

wall of the right atrium that provides the impulse that

initiates the heartbeat?

-Is it sinoatrial node?

-I've no idea. Do you mind if I nominate you?

-Go for it.

-OK with that?

-Nominate Stone.

-Sinoatrial node?

-Correct.

-Well done!

What name is given to the two veins carrying deoxygenated blood

that enter the right atrium of the heart?

QUIET DISCUSSION

Wait. Deoxygenated?

-Yeah.

-So vena cava...

-That's one of them.

-OK. Is it inferior and superior vena cavas?

-Oh, yeah, yeah.

-Shall we try that?

Inferior and superior vena cava.

Correct. APPLAUSE

We're going to take another picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see a photograph of a figure

prominent in the 20th century. Ten points if you can name him.

Edmund Hillary?

It is Sir Edmund Hillary, yes. APPLAUSE

He appears on the New Zealand five-dollar note, which won the

International Bank Note Society's Banknote of the Year award for 2015.

For your bonuses, you're going to see pictures of three more people

who appear on banknotes around the world.

Five points for each you can identify.

I want the name of the person you see

and the names of both the currency and the country that issues it.

Firstly...

-Greta Garbo?

-Yeah.

-Is it?

-Probably.

-Where's she from?

-Germany?

No Greta Garbo, isn't she Swedish?

Maybe, yeah.

OK. Krona.

Greta Garbo, Swedish krona?

Correct. Secondly...

-Um, Ho Chi Minh. Vietnam.

-Vietnamese...

-Dong?

-Is it dong?

-Yeah.

-Dong, Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh.

-Yeah.

Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese dong?

Correct. And finally, who is this?

He appears on the currency of two countries.

You can name either currency, but give its country, as well.

-Simon Bolivar.

-Venezuelan...

Might be Colombia.

-Peso.

-Peso. Colombia?

Colombian peso? Could be. Could be Bolivia. He's everywhere.

Let's go for that. Simon Bolivar, Colombian peso.

No. Bad luck!

He appears on the Venezuelan bolivar and the Argentine peso.

So you don't get that. Ten points for this -

which two letters begin the names of a tributary of the River Nile,

a large desert of northern Chile and the US state capital...?

A-T?

A-T is correct. APPLAUSE

These bonuses could give you the lead again.

They're on Renaissance humanists. Which 14th-century poet

and humanist wrote a critique of contemporary scholastic philosophy

entitled On His Own Ignorance And That Of Many Others?

-Erasmus?

-14th century...

-Is that a bit later?

-No.

-No idea.

-Failing that, Thomas More?

-We'll go with that.

Erasmus?

No, it's Petrarch. The subject of a noted portrait

by Raphael, which humanist and diplomat wrote The Courtier,

one of the 16th century's greatest literary successes?

-I think...

-Painted by Raphael?

-What is he?

-16th century. Raphael.

-The Courtier.

-Erasmus met Thomas More.

-OK.

-Could be Thomas More.

-Raphael?!

-PAINTED by Raphael.

We'll try Erasmus again.

No, it's Castiglione. And finally, in his 1524 work on free will,

which Dutch scholar attacked Martin Luther's central doctrine

that human will is enslaved by sin?

Is that Erasmus?

Can't think of any Dutch ones, can you?

Spinoza? No. No, that's way later.

Erasmus.

Erasmus is right, in the end! APPLAUSE

Right, ten points for this -

what is the first noun in Rudyard Kipling's poem "If-"?

Man.

No. UCL, one of you can buzz.

Boy?

No, it's "head". "If you can keep your head when all about you

"Are losing theirs and blaming it on you...."

Right, we get another starter question, then. Answer promptly.

Name two of the three constitutional

monarchies of mainland South-East Asia.

Cambodia and...Thailand?

Correct. The other one is Malaysia, of course. Well done.

APPLAUSE

Bonuses on the ancient Near East.

Muwatallis and Mursilis were among the rulers of which ancient people?

Speakers of an Indo-European language,

they appeared in Anatolia during the second millennium BCE.

Hittites? I think they were Indo-Europeans.

OK. Hittites?

Hittites is correct.

Shutruk-Nahhunte ruled which ancient state during the 12th century BCE?

It is also known as Susiana after its capital, Susa,

in the south-west of present-day Iran.

-Sumeria?

-I was thinking that.

Sumeria?

No, it's Elam. And finally, Shulgi, Shu-Sin

and Naram-Sin were rulers of which Sumerian city state

during its third dynasty in the later second millennium BCE?

THEY ALL SPEAK AT ONCE

-Ur. What?

-Ur. Ur.

-U-R.

Ur.

Ur is correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

What seven-letter term

may be used in mechanics to denote

a quantity with the same dimensions as force?

It is also a synonym for "voltage".

Potential?

No. Edinburgh, one of you can buzz.

Impulse?

No, it's "tension". Ten points for this -

the Treaty of Breda in 1667 resulted in an exchange of territory

that established a Dutch monopoly over trade in which spice?

Nutmeg.

Nutmeg is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on islands. They could give you the lead again.

Baffin Island and Ellesmere Island, two of the three largest

islands of Canada, are part of which Canadian territory?

-Nunavut.

-Nunavut.

Correct. Skye, the second-largest island of Scotland,

is within which Scottish council area?

-Highlands?

-No, no, no. Erm...

Ross-shire, I think.

Um, Ross-shire.

-No, it's Highland.

-Sorry.

Finally, Kangaroo Island, the third-largest island of Australia,

is part of the territory of which state?

Oh, I think it's...

Come on.

-What's the one in the south-east?

-New South Wales?

-New South Wales.

No, it's South Australia.

Ten points for this - Explosion, Varoom! and As I Opened Fire

are the titles of paintings created between 19...

Lichtenstein?

Roy Lichtenstein is correct.

-Yes!

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on the Romantic poets. In each case,

identify the work from phrases that appear in its opening lines.

GONG And at the gong,

UCL have 165, Edinburgh have 170. APPLAUSE

Well, it was, as the Duke of Wellington said,

a damn close-run thing!

But thank you both very much for taking part.

And, UCL, you nearly did it, but you didn't in the end.

Sadly, we have to say goodbye to you, but you've been a great team.

Thank you for playing with us. And, Edinburgh, congratulations to you.

You left it till the last minute, but you did it!

I hope you can join us next time for another second-round match,

but until then, it's goodbye

-from University College, London... ALL:

-Goodbye.

-..it's goodbye from Edinburgh University... ALL:

-Goodbye.

..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.