Episode 21 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello, time to do or die for another two teams in the second

round of the competition.

There are eight places in the quarterfinals and four of them

have already been taken.

Tonight's winners will take the fifth place

but the losers will head home.

The team from Bristol University had something of a stroll

in the park in their first-round match.

They gained an early lead and kept it,

completely dominating the second half, and had 230 points

at the gong to the 95 of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Their strengths on that occasion included the French horn,

philosophical paradoxes and the illustrator Kate Greenaway.

Although they were completely unmoved by some other topics,

including writer's block and paintings of potatoes.

With an average age of 22, let's meet the Bristol team again.

Hi, I'm Ollie Bowes from Market Harborough in Leicestershire

and I'm studying music.

Hi. I'm Kirsty Biggs.

I'm originally from Southampton and I'm doing a PhD in mathematics.

This is their captain.

Hi, I'm Sam Hosegood.

I'm from Bedford and I do chemical physics.

Hi, I'm Don Hewitt, I'm from Stroud in Gloucestershire

and I'm studying English.

APPLAUSE

The team from Trinity College, Oxford faced tough

opposition in their first-round

match against University College London,

but they too took an early lead and kept it, although they allowed

their opponents to come within 15 points of their final score of 160.

They didn't have a great deal of time for John Dryden or

pineapples, but they were more than familiar with anglerfish,

matrices and the musical Hamilton.

With an average age of 19, let's meet the Trinity, Oxford team again.

Hi. I'm Maxim. I'm from Olney in Buckinghamshire

and I'm reading for a BA in history and politics.

Hi. I'm Nicole.

I'm from Hertfordshire and I'm studying maths.

And this is their captain...

Hi, I'm James. I'm from Melbourne, Australia and I'm studying classics.

Hi, I'm Ben. I'm from Hadlow in Kent and I'm studying philosophy,

politics and economics.

APPLAUSE

OK. We're not going to waste time reciting the rules,

so let's crack on.

With fingers on the buzzers, here is your first starter for ten.

In 1915, what did the Salisbury resident Cecil Chubb purchase

at auction from the Antrobus family for the sum of £6,600?

He donated...

Stonehenge.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

You get bonuses on a US president, Trinity.

In a speech given after the death of a major world leader

and antagonist, which president likened arms spending to

theft from the people

and as humanity hanging from a cross of iron?

THEY CONFER

OK. Truman?

Truman?

No, it was Eisenhower.

Secondly, often used during the Eisenhower administration,

what foreign policy theory presumed that if one country fell

to communism, then its neighbours must ineluctably follow?

-Domino theory?

-Domino.

Domino theory? Domino theory.

Correct.

In his farewell address in 1961, Eisenhower warned against

the acquisition of unwarranted influence by which vested interest?

I need the precise three-word term he used.

-Military-industrial complex?

-Yes.

-Military-industrial complex.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE Ten points for this.

What prefix of either five or six letters begins terms meaning

the study of fossil plants, the early part of the Stone Age,

and the geological...?

Paleo.

Paleo is correct. Yes.

APPLAUSE

So your first bonuses, Bristol, are on composers

who served as kapellmeister,

a German term designating a person in charge of music-making.

Firstly, at the age of 25 in 1710,

which composer became kapellmeister to George, Elector of Hanover?

Handel.

Correct.

From 1766, Joseph Haydn was kapellmeister for which aristocratic

Hungarian family with whom he was associated until his death in 1809?

-Esterhazys?

-Nominate Bowes.

-Esterhazys.

-Correct.

Who was appointed kapellmeister or conductor of the Court Opera

at the Dresden court of the King of Saxony in 1843?

His most successful opera before that date was Rienzi.

Wagner.

Yes, Richard Wagner.

Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

Which Nobel Laureate is the title figure of The Lady And The Peacock

and The Lady And The Generals by the journalist Peter Popham?

She spent more than ten years under house

arrest in the city of her birth, Rangoon.

Aung San Suu Kyi.

Aung San Suu Kyi is correct. Yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on a Latin word this time, Bristol.

What short name is that of an enigmatic

sea captain in a novel of 1870 and is the Latin

rendering of the alias used by Odysseus to outwit Polyphemus?

Was it Nemo?

-Nemo.

-Nemo is correct.

Under the alias Nemo, James Hawdon,

a former army officer addicted to opium, lodged with the rag and

bottle merchant Mr Krook in which novel by Dickens?

-Bleak House.

-Bleak house.

Correct. "Nemo me impune lacessit",

meaning no-one provokes me with impunity, is the motto

of which order of chivalry revived by James VII and II in 1687?

THEY CONFER

The Thistle?

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Ten points for this.

A self-confessed professional dilettante,

which US proponent of self-help is the author of The 4-Hour Chef

and The 4-Hour Work Week?

He is the title host of a show which on iTunes has regularly been

ranked the number one business podcast.

Tim Ferriss.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on snakes, Trinity.

What term for a hard substance formed from the skeletons

of certain marine invertebrates appears in the common names

of several species of brightly-coloured venomous snakes?

Rock? Something...

-Stone?

-It's got to be a specific rock, surely?

-Yeah, coral?

-Coral?

-Yeah.

-Coral?

-Coral is correct.

Meaning spearhead, what French name is given to several

venomous pit vipers including the Central American jumping viper?

Spearhead...

Head is "tete" in French, but I don't know what spear is.

Yeah, I'm thinking, spear... hasta, cuspis...

I don't know.

-Cuspid?

-No, it's fer-de-lance.

Known by the Romans as metal of Cyprus,

the name of which element appears in the names of several snakes

referring to the colour of their heads?

-Cyprus.

-Copper, maybe?

-Yeah.

-Copper.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE We go to the picture round now.

For your picture starter, you're going to see a table

which represents a scale of measurement.

For ten points, name the scale.

The Mohs scale.

It is the Mohs scale of hardness.

APPLAUSE

That's an eponymous ordinal scale.

For your picture bonuses, three more

eponymous ordinal scales, five points for each you can name.

Firstly...

-Oh...

-It's the Kinsey scale. That is the Kinsey scale.

Secondly, which two psychiatrists

gave their names to this scale in 1967?

We're not going to get two psychiatrists, are we?

-THEY CONFER

-Yeah.

No, pass.

That's the Holmes and Rahe social stress scale.

And finally, name this scale shown here in an abridged form.

It's taken from the version published in 1832.

THEY CONFER

Oh, what...?

-Beaufort, maybe?

-Maybe.

-Beaufort scale?

-It is the Beaufort scale.

Wind force. APPLAUSE

Yes. Ten points for this.

What six-letter word comes from the old French for

to cover a fire in the first line of Thomas...

Curfew.

Curfew is correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on scientific discoveries.

Which non-metallic element was discovered in 1669 by the German

merchant and alchemist Hennig Brand, who distilled it from urine?

-Nitrogen, maybe?

-Sulphur?

No, they probably knew about sulphur a long time before that.

-I think...

-Nitrogen?

-Yes.

-Could be nitrogen.

-OK.

-Nitrogen.

-No, it was phosphorus.

In his 1812 work, Elements Of Chemical Philosophy,

who wrote, "I discovered sodium

"a few days after I discovered potassium, in the year 1807"?

Lavoisier?

Yeah, could be.

Anyone have something else?

-Lavoisier?

-No, Sir Humphrey Davy.

And finally, in 1860, which element was the first to be

discovered spectroscopically by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff?

They named it after the unique blue lines of its spectrum.

What was the thing about technetium you said before?

That's not... No, it's a blue. It probably means a word meaning blue.

Azurium or something like that?

Blue...

Cobalt? That is kind of blue. I don't know.

Cobalt blue or something?

-Cobalt?

-No, it's caesium.

Ten points for this.

In a 1971 article for Electronic News,

the journalist Don C Hoefler popularised which two-word name

for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area and...?

Silicon Valley.

Correct. APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on modern opera, Bristol.

First performed in 2005,

the opera Doctor Atomic concerns Robert Oppenheimer and others at

Los Alamos during the preparations for the first atomic bomb test.

It's a work by which US composer?

Adams.

-John Adams?

-Yeah.

-John Adams.

Correct.

Scored by Asian Dub Foundation and subtitled The Living Myth,

the opening work of the English National Opera's 2006 season

was a portrayal of which North African leader?

-Leader of Egypt...

-Cleopatra, or...?

-Do you think, Cleopatra?

-I don't know.

-Akhenaten?

-Pardon?

-It could be Akhenaten.

-OK.

-Which it's not, but...

-Akhenaten?

-No, it was Colonel Gaddafi.

-Oh!

And, finally, a 1997 chamber opera by Michael Doherty begins

with a happening in Andy Warhol's studio

and features episodes in the life of which former US First Lady?

-Jackie?

-Do you think Jackie Kennedy?

-Go for it.

Jackie Kennedy?

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

In which century did construction

begin on the current external

gothic structure of Westminster Abbey?

17th.

Nope! Er, you lose five points.

Replacing the church dating from the reign of Edward the Confessor

that was pulled down on the orders of Henry III.

14th.

No, it's the 13th century.

Ten points for this.

The highland region known as the Pamir is situated

largely in which landlocked country?

Several mountain ranges radiate from the Pamir's,

including the Kunlun, the Hindu Kush and the Karakoram.

Kazakhstan.

Nope. Er, you lose five points.

Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

Nepal?

No, it's Tajikistan. Ten points for this.

Which two letters begin the names of the constellation that

includes the star Altair,

the only seaport in Jordan,

and the 13th century author of the Summa Theologica?

A-Q?

Correct. APPLAUSE

OK, your bonuses this time are on the names of English counties

according to the Oxford Names Companion.

All three answers end in shire.

Firstly, one of the few names ending in shire that does NOT

incorporate the name of a town or city, which southern county's

name derives from a Celtic word meaning hilly place?

Not sure.

-Hampshire, maybe.

-Maybe?

Hampshire? Hampshire?

-No, it's Berkshire.

-Oh.

Secondly, place name elements meaning army and river crossing

appear in the name of which western county?

-Something ford.

-Ford, yeah, so...

-Gloucester?

-No, Ford, river, so it's Herefordshire.

Herefordshire?

Correct.

The homestead of the family or followers of a man called

Snot is the derivation of which county name?

-It's Nottinghamshire.

-Nottinghamshire.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

Noted for its distinctive shape,

the Clyde auditorium in Glasgow is popularly

known by the name of what New World mammal

whose species include hairy, giant and nine-banded?

Armadillo?

Armadillo is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on political leaders in Central America.

In 1990, Violeta Chamorro became Central America's first female

president, beating Daniel Ortega in an election in which country?

Nicaragua?

Correct. In 1999, Mireya Moscoso was elected the first female

president of which country?

She beat Martin Torrijos, the son of the former dictator.

No idea. Um...

-Is it all Central American ones?

-Let's have it, please.

-Honduras.

-Honduras.

-No, it's Panama.

-Oh.

In 2010, Laura Chinchilla Miranda succeeded

Oscar Arias as president of which country?

She served until 2014.

Last one was obvious, so maybe Mexico?

Mexico?

-No, it's Costa Rica.

-Aw!

-LAUGHTER

We're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear

a piece of classical music by a British composer.

Ten points if you can give me the name of its composer.

ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

Purcell?

It is Purcell, yes.

APPLAUSE

It was the first piece played at the coronation of

Queen Elizabeth II who, in 2017,

became the first British monarch to reach a sapphire jubilee.

Your music bonuses are three more works by British composers

performed at her coronation.

Five points for each composer you can name.

Firstly...

ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

Oh, that's, um,...

-Crown Imperial, by Walton.

-Mmm-hmm.

-Walton.

Walton?

William Walton's Crown Imperial is right.

Secondly...

ORGAN AND CHORAL MUSIC PLAYS

THEY CONFER

Parry?

It is, I Was Glad. And finally...

ORCHESTRAL MUSIC PLAYS

THEY CONFER

Holst?

Holst is right. It's Jupiter. APPLAUSE

Right, ten points for this.

Which US political scientist was a joint

winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences for her

analysis of economic governance, especially the commons?

She demonstrated how common property can be managed

successfully by user associations.

Ostrom?

Elinor Ostrom is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on tungsten mining, Bristol.

The major ores of tungsten are associated with which

intrusive igneous rock?

Its volcanic equivalent is rhyolite.

Granite?

Correct. The Hemerdon tungsten mine is close

to which English port city, reported

as being Britain's first new metal mine in more than 40 years?

It opened in 2015, close to the boundary of a national park.

Maybe near Exmoor...? I've no idea.

Port city, near...

I don't know, Southampton?

-Yeah.

-Southampton?

-No, it's Plymouth.

-Oh.

And finally, producing more than the next ten countries combined,

what is the world's largest producer of tungsten,

with extensive deposits in the Nanling, or south, mountains?

-China?

-Yeah.

-China?

China is correct. Ten points for this.

Which branch of the Indo-European family included Lepontic,

a language with inscriptions dating to the first millennium BC,

and spoken in Switzerland and northern Italy,

thought by some to be a form of Gaulish?

Etruscan?

-No. Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

-Celtic?

Celtic is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on Spain, this time, Trinity.

Which mountain chain extends along the northern

coast of Spain for almost 300km?

It's not on the coast.

Not on the coast, but, like...

-I don't know.

-Any other ideas?

-Do you know any mountain ranges in Spain?

-Apart from the Pyrenees.

Is it Sierra something, as well?

-But no, go on, I don't know what it is.

-GUNN:

-Go for it.

Pyrenees?

No, it's the Cantabrian range.

Secondly, more than 2,600m in height, Torre de Cerredo is

the highest point in which range within the Cantabrian mountains?

Its name probably refers to its status as a landmark

for seafarers returning from the Americas.

Columbian, or something?

Columbian?

No, it's the Picos de Europa.

The Europa Mountains.

And, finally, described as one of the most difficult railway

passes in Europe, a line over the Pajares pass connects Leon to

which city, the capital of Asturias?

Castille, or something?

-Is Santander around there?

-Yeah.

-Is it?

-Could be.

-It's on the Northern coast, so...

I think it might be near here.

-OK, Santander?

-Yeah, go for it.

-Santander?

No, it's Oviedo.

Ten points for this.

Which 19th century French physicist gives his name to plane

curves that have formed by the superposition of two

vibrations in mutually perpendicular directions?

Laplace?

No. Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

Lagrange?

No, it's Lissajous.

Ten points for this.

"Cast a cold eye on life, on death. Horsemen pass by."

These words appear on the gravestone of which poet?

They are taken from his 1939 poem, Under Ben Bulben.

I'll tell you, it's Yeats. Ten points for this.

What word follows ultra-low, very low, low, medium, high, very high...

Frequency?

Frequency is correct. APPLAUSE

You get set of bonuses on the solar system, Trinity.

From the surnames of astronomers who studied them,

Galle, Le Verrier, Lassell, Arago, and Adams are the names given

to five of the rings surrounding which planet?

-ROSENFELD AND GUNN:

-Saturn or Uranus.

-PARR-REID:

-Go with Saturn.

-Saturn. Why not?

-Saturn?

-No, it's Neptune.

-Oh!

Which Greek letter is used to designate

the brightest and outermost of the main rings of Uranus?

-Outermost Omega, or something?

-What's your favourite Greek letter?

LAUGHTER I don't know.

-Do you want to go Omega or something?

-Yeah, go for it.

-Omega?

No, it's Epsilon.

The rings of Saturn are primarily composed of what compound?

Ice, I think. Ice?

-Ice or water is correct, yes.

-Ooh!

-APPLAUSE

Ten points for this.

Featuring a bedridden central character named Andy,

and described by Blake Morrison as his quintessential play,

the 1993 drama Moonlight is by which British writer

who won the Nobel Prize in 2005?

Pinter.

Harold Pinter is right, yes. APPLAUSE

You bonuses are on languages of North America, Bristol.

More than 200 miles long, which lake in Northern Alberta

and Saskatchewan gives its name to a widespread language

group of western North America?

I've no idea.

Lake Alberta...

-Hmm...

-HEWETT:

-Winnipeg?

-No, that's not it.

That's Manitoba.

It's worth a guess, I guess. Winnipeg?

No, it's Athabaska.

Which Athabaskan language, secondly,

is known to its speakers as Dine Bizaad?

It has more than 150,000 speakers, primarily in Arizona,

New Mexico and Utah.

-Is it Navaho, or...?

-Navaho!

Navaho?

Correct. Navaho is closely related to the language of which people?

In the later 19th century,

they resisted US rule under Cochise and Geronimo.

Sioux?

-No, they were Apaches.

-Oh.

Ten points for this picture starter.

You're going to see a still from a film.

Ten points if you can give me the name of the studio that produced it.

MGM.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

You may not confer.

Warner Brothers?

No, it's Hammer, it's The Curse Of Frankenstein.

It's inimitable, surely.

Anyway, we'll take the picture bonuses in a moment or two.

Ten points for this starter question.

Referring to a shape, what ten-letter adjectival

term for a type of galaxy designated S0 may also...?

Elliptical?

No. You lose er... You lose five points.

-..may also be used, you can hear a bit more.

-OK. Yeah.

May also be used to describe

a component of an astronomical instrument?

Gilligal?

No, it's lenticular.

Ten points for this.

A Slavic tribe who sacrificed a young woman to the cosmic

forces is the premise behind which modernist ballet?

Rite of Spring.

The Rite Of Spring is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

So we follow Hammer's The Curse Of Frankenstein,

which was the picture starter,

released 60 years ago this year, with picture bonuses being

stills from three more film versions of Mary Shelley's novel.

In each case I want the name of the director, please.

Firstly...

It's not Tim Burton.

ALL LAUGH

Um... I don't know.

-I don't know. Del Toro.

-What?

-Del Toro.

Del Toro.

No, that was directed by Kenneth Branagh. Secondly...

Um...

No, we don't know, do we?

-Spielberg.

-LAUGHTER

No, that's James Wells' Frankenstein of 1931.

And finally, I want the director of this film,

inspired rather more loosely by Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.

That's Gene Wilder.

-Oh.

-Is the guy in...?

-Maybe he directed it himself.

-Yeah, that's what...

-Gene Wilder?

No, it's Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein.

LAUGHTER

Ten points for this. Prominent in the 18th and 19th centuries,

the Ashanti empire occupied a region predominantly located in...

Ghana?

Ghana is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on French philosophy in the 1960s.

In 1961, which French philosopher produced a work later

republished under the title History Of Madness,

arguing that it's a social construct distinct from mental illness?

Jean-Paul Sartre, maybe?

-Yeah?

-Um...

Yeah.

Jean-Paul Sartre?

-No, it was Foucault.

-Oh!

Writing And Difference Of Grammatology and

Speech And Phenomena are 1967 works

by which leading exponent of deconstruction?

Derrida?

Correct.

During the 1960s, the works of which literary theorist

and philosopher included The Eiffel Tower And Other Mythologies,

and The Death of The Author?

-Bartes.

-Bartes?

-Roland Bartes.

-All right, Bartes.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

In e-coli, what factor denoted...?

-P-factor?

-No, you lose five points.

-Oh, sorry.

Argh!

..denoted by a Greek letter

terminates the transcription of some proteins?

It's a hexameric, ring-shaped helicase.

-One of you buzz from Trinity.

-Pi factor?

No, it's the Rho factor. Ten points for this.

In the order of precedence of the United Kingdom, the individual of

the highest rank who is not a member of the royal family is

the holder of which office?

Lord Chancellor?

No.

Speaker of the House of Commons?

No, it's the Archbishop Of Canterbury.

What a country we live in! LAUGHTER

Ten points for this. Used, for example, by Ovid, Mulciber is an

alternative name for which Roman god,

identified with the Greek god Hephaestus?

Vulcan?

Vulcan is correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on poetry.

Identify the work from phrases that appear in its opening lines.

In each case, I need the title and the poet.

First, "Long grey beard, glittering eye, and skinny hand."

Oh, is that Rime Of The Ancient Mariner by Coleridge?

-ROSENFELD:

-Go for it.

-Yeah, might be.

-Rime Of the Ancient Mariner?

-By?

-By Coleridge.

Correct.

Secondly, "Long feels, little breezes, and silent isle."

Albion or something?

I don't know. Any ideas?

Oh, is that the one by Yeats,

the Sceptred Isle one? Or is that a different thing entirely?

-I'm really confused.

-ROSENFELD:

-Go for it.

-Go for it?

-Nominate Coker.

-Oh, I've no idea.

Er, Yeats, The Sceptred Isle.

No, it's not. It's The Lady Of Shallot, by Tennyson. And finally...

"Mellow fruitfulness, maturing sun and thatch eaves run."

Hmm. You don't know.

-Not a clue.

-No, we don't know.

That's Keats' Ode To Autumn. Ten points for this.

First published in German in 1930, Civilisation And Its Discontents

is one of the seminal works of which major thinker?

Said?

Nope. Er, you lose five points.

-Anyone want to buzz from Trinity?

-Freud?

Freud is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on similar words.

What collective name is given to the genus of viruses that cause

diseases including Zika, yellow fever and dengue fever?

I don't know. Retroviruses.

-It's a genus, but...

-Yeah, go on.

-Retroviruses.

No, they're flaviviruses.

What name is given to non-nitrogenous pigments,

including anthocyanins and anthoxanthins?

They're found, for example, in parsley, blueberries and black tea.

-What was the first...

-Flavonoids or something.

-Go for it.

-Flavonoids?

Correct. Which Roman emperor founded the Flavian dynasty?

He reigned from AD 69 to 79.

Flavian, Flavius, sorry.

-No, it was Vespasian.

-Oh!

-Ten points for this.

First performed in 1848, Verdi's opera Il Corsaro is

based on the 1814 work, The Corsair, by which English romantic poet?

Wordsworth.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Bristol?

Byron.

Byron is correct. APPLAUSE

And your bonuses are on Russian film directors.

In each case, name the director from three of their films.

Firstly, Alexander Nevsky, Ivan The Terrible and October.

GONG APPLAUSE

And at the gong, Trinity College, Oxford have 100,

but Bristol have 205.

APPLAUSE

Well, Trinity, I think you're better than that score suggests.

You were unlucky with some of the questions,

so, Bristol, you were very lucky in having a musician on your team.

LAUGHTER

Congratulations, though, to you.

We shall look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals.

So it's goodbye from Trinity College, Oxford... ALL: Goodbye.

It's goodbye from Bristol University. ALL: Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye. APPLAUSE