Episode 23 University Challenge

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

APPLAUSE

Hello. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge, two institutions who

readily admit to the merest whiff of rivalry,

are each fielding a college in this second round

match for the penultimate place in the quarterfinals.

There'll be no place for the losers, however,

who are already beginning their final appearance.

Now, the team from Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge,

pulled off a comfortable first round win against the University

of Leicester, with 200 points to 105, perhaps surprising

themselves by knowing as much as they did about banana cultivation.

US states, the favourites of Elizabeth I,

and British cities in 1907 were other strengths.

We'll see what arcane knowledge they can produce tonight.

With an average age of 20, let's meet the Fitzwilliam team again.

Hi, I'm Theo Tindall, I'm from Bristol,

and I'm studying Russian and Arabic.

Hi, I'm Theo Howe, I'm from Oxfordshire,

and I'm reading Japanese Studies.

And their captain...

Hello, I'm Hugh Oxlade, I'm from South Woodford in north-east

London, and I'm reading History.

Hello, I'm Jack Maloney, I'm from Harpenden in Hertfordshire,

and I'm reading Medicine.

APPLAUSE

The team from Magdalen College, Oxford, were neck-and-neck against

their opponents, St Edmund's College, Cambridge,

up until the midway point of their first round fixture,

then pulled away and were ahead by 185 points to 105 at the gong.

They were fast to the buzzer on questions about Saladin,

The Lady of Shalott, and the state of Maine,

and were also very prompt to give us the spelling of the word "Oolong",

which was a pity because we were actually asking for "aficionado."

Also with an average age of 20, let's meet the Magdalen team again.

Hi, I'm Winston Wright, I'm from Seattle, Washington,

and I study Computer Science.

Hello, my name's Christopher Stern, I'm from Dulwich

in south-east London, and I'm reading Chemistry.

And here's their captain...

Hello there, I'm Johnny Gibson from Glasgow in Scotland,

and I'm reading History.

Hi, I'm Sarah Parkin, I'm from Hinckley in Leicestershire,

and I'm reading English and French.

APPLAUSE

Well, the rules are the same as they were last time

you were here, so let's get on with it.

Fingers on the buzzers, your first starter for ten.

What common adjective links a Viking army subdued by King Alfred...?

BELL

Great?

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your first set of bonuses, Fitzwilliam,

are on Ducal residences.

Firstly, designed by James Wyatt in the early 19th century,

which stately home in Leicestershire is the ancestral home of

the Dukes of Rutland?

I don't think we know this somehow.

No, that's the kind of thing you're supposed to know.

-The Vale of Belvoir, that's all I've got!

-We don't know, sadly.

It is Belvoir Castle, if you listened to your friend,

but there we are.

You don't get the points. Five points for this, though.

Designed by Robert Adam in the 1770s,

which house at Hyde Park Corner is a London residence of the Dukes

of Wellington and houses a museum named after the first Duke?

No, its address is 1, London...

Erm, I can't... Is it Aps...? Apsley House?

-Go for it.

-Apsley House?

Correct.

The seat of the Dukes of Beaufort, which Palladian mansion

in South Gloucestershire gives its name to an Olympic sport?

Er, badminton, presumably.

Yeah? Badminton?

Correct. 10 points for this.

According to Shakespeare, White Surrey was the horse of which king?

Its death in battle prompts his final words...

Richard III?

Correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses, Magdalen, on environmental agreements.

Firstly for five points,

the 1979 convention on the conservation of European

wildlife and natural habitats is named after which capital city?

-Ohh...

-It's not Copenhagen or somewhere...?

-Oh, it could be.

Yeah? No? All right, let's go for that. Copenhagen.

No, it's Bern, the Bern Convention.

Also agreed in 1979, the CMS, or Convention on Conservation of

Migratory Species of wild animals, is named after which city?

At the time, it was also the capital of its country.

-Oh!

-So what's changed capital since then?

-Erm, I really can't think.

-Might be Bonn.

-Sure.

Bonn?

It is Bonn, yes, the Bonn Convention. And finally,

which two European cities give their names to the so-called

OSBA Convention of 1992 for the protection of the marine

environment of the North Atlantic?

-Any idea?

-Could it be Oslo and Barcelona, maybe?

-Oh, OK, yeah!

Yeah, sure. Er, Oslo and Barcelona?

No, it's Oslo and Paris.

Ten points for this.

The Barghest of Northern England, the Padfoot of Wakefield,

the Red-Eyed Cwn Annwn of Wales, the Skriker of Lancashire and

Black Shuck of East Anglia are all wild or monstrous manifestations...?

Dogs.

Dogs is correct, yes. Black dogs, in particular.

Your bonuses are on English literature.

Published from 1740 and placed on the Roman Catholic Church's

index of prohibited books, with epistolary

novel by Samuel Richardson has the subtitle Virtue Rewarded?

-Pretty sure that's Pamela. Pamela?

-Pamela is right.

Richardson took the title Pamela from the name of a princess

in the late 16th century prose romance Arcadia by which writer?

-Philip Sidney.

-Correct.

The satirical imitation An Apology For The Life

of Mrs Shamela Andrews is usually credited to which writer?

He used the same surname for the title character of his next

novel, Joseph Andrews.

-Joseph Andrews? Oh, is that Henry Fielding?

-Er, yeah.

-Henry Fielding.

-Correct.

Ten points for this.

After uranium and tungsten,

what is the next heaviest element also to have...?

Pfft... Iridium. That's wrong.

I'm going to fine you five points. ..a single letter designation?

Its name derives from the Greek for violet and it is a non-metal,

once widely used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.

-Iodine.

-Correct.

Your bonuses are on biology, Fitzwilliam.

Give either of the two general classes of organism that

comprise the subclass of arachnids known as Acari.

-Scorpions?

-Crabs?

-Scorpions...

-Crabs?

They're crustaceans, aren't they? Shall we try scorpions?

-Scorpions.

-No, they're ticks or mites.

The golden mantled ground squirrel is the main mammalian

reservoir of mountain fever, a tick-borne disease,

often known by the name of which landlocked western US state?

THEY CONFER

Montana...

Montana? Shall we try Montana?

-Try Nevada.

-OK, Nevada.

No, it's Colorado.

And finally, plants infected with the Eriophyid mites show

localised swellings and outgrowth.

By what short, common name are these lesions known?

-THEY CONFER

-The type of like...

Something on plants. I think we should give up and get on with it.

Pass.

They're galls or cecidia. Ten points for this.

It's a picture round.

For your picture starter, you're going to see

a map on which a major British port has been marked.

Ten points if you can name it.

Felixstowe.

Correct.

Felixstowe, Liverpool, London Gateway

and Southampton are currently the only British ports

capable of accommodating the largest container ships

in the world, which are too large even for the expanded Panama Canal.

For your picture bonuses, I'd like you to identify three more of the

European ports equipped to handle this latest generation of mega ship.

Firstly, the port at A.

-Is that Calais?

-Le Havre.

Nominate Maloney.

Le Havre.

Correct. Secondly, the port at B.

-Is that...?

-Gothenburg is...

-OK. Go with that one.

-Gothenburg sounds good.

-Gothenburg.

-Correct.

Finally, the port at C.

So, Gdansk?

Gdansk.

Gdansk is correct. Ten points for this.

"No society can legitimately call itself civilised

"if a sick person is denied medical aid because of lack"...?

-Nye Bevan.

-Correct.

The architect of the NHS.

Your bonuses are on novels about dictators, Magdalen.

Concerning the dictator of a fictional West African country,

Anthills of the Savannah is a work by which Nigerian author,

who died in 2013?

Is that Achebe or Okri?

I think Okri is a bit more...

Ben Okri.

No, it's Chinua Achebe.

Mario Vargas Llosa's The Feast Of The Goat concerns the dictator

Rafael Trujillo shortly before his overthrow in 1961.

Which Caribbean country did he rule for more than 30 years?

Any idea at all?

What are you saying? Any idea?

Dominican Republic.

Correct.

Who is the title figure of The Dictator's Last Night,

a recent work by the Algerian author Yasmina Khadra?

The person in question was killed by rebel forces in 2011,

after ruling for more than 40 years.

Gaddafi.

Gaddafi is correct. Ten points for this.

Which ancient region was bordered by the River Oxus in the north...?

Mesopotamia.

I'm afraid you lose five points.

..and the Hindu Kush mountains in the south?

The religious founder, Zoroaster, is believed to have lived there

and Alexander the Great's wife Roxana was from that region.

It gives its name to a species of even-toed...?

Bactria.

Bactria is correct.

Bonuses, this time on the works of Goethe, Fitzwilliam.

What is the single word title of Goethe's 1788 play

based on the life of a 16th century Dutch count,

associated with the Counter-Reformation?

Beethoven wrote incidental music to a later revival of the play.

Unfortunately, that clue doesn't help, does it?

-Know any plays that aren't The Robbers?

-No.

-OK. We don't know.

-It's Egmont.

The Damnation of Faust,

first performed in 1846 and based on Goethe's Faust, is a work

described as a "legende dramatique" by which French composer?

Could be Berlioz. Seems like the kind of thing he might do.

-OK, nominate Tindall.

-Berlioz.

Berlioz is correct.

What is the English title of Goethe's poem Der Zauberlehrling?

It's also the title of a symphonic poem by Paul Dukas.

Well, "zauber" is clean.

-OK.

-Making Clean? Cleaning?

-I mean, you're the one who does German.

-No, I don't know.

Cleaning Up.

No, it's the Sorcerer's Apprentice. Ten points for this.

The addition of which two letters of the alphabet transforms the

name of the largest moon of Saturn into that of the largest moon of...?

IA.

IA Titan becomes Titania, well done.

Fitzwilliam, these bonuses are on data compression.

What adjective is applied to forms of non-destructive data

compression that allow the processes to be reversed,

recreating the original data exactly?

-Zipped?

-Encrypted?

-I think it's an adjective.

-Zipped.

-Zipped.

No, it's lossless compression or bit preserving.

Using an adaptive method based on the encoding of sequences

of data previously encountered, the LZ77 algorithm for lossless data

compression was created by which two Israeli computer scientists?

Name your favourite two Israeli computer scientists!

We can't name one Israeli computer scientist.

Lempel and Ziv.

Five points for this then.

What term denotes lossless compression in which

blocks of matching data values are stored as the value and account?

It is abbreviated to RLE.

-Real Lossless Encryption?

-Real Lossless Encryption.

No, it's Run Length Encoding. Ten points for this.

What Biblical structure links an unfinished

oratoria by Arnold Schoenberg, a stepped path up the side of

the Cheddar Gorge...?

Tower of Babel.

No, you lose five points. ..and a perennial with a binomial...?

-Jacob's Ladder.

-Correct.

You get a set of bonuses, this time, Fitzwilliam, on football.

Of the 12 clubs that competed in the first English Football League season

in 1888-89, six played their home matches on grounds in which

historic county?

There are a lot of clubs in Lancashire.

So...? Lancashire.

Lancashire is correct.

A club from which Lancashire town competed in the first

Football League season, but went out of business just seven years later?

A different club from the same town was

promoted into the Football League in 2006.

Accrington?

No, no.

I think Accrington Stanley did come into the league recently.

-The league...

-I'm going with Accrington.

-Accrington.

-Correct.

In addition to Accrington, the other founder league clubs

based in Lancashire in 1888 included Everton and Preston North End.

Can you name two of the other three?

-OK, so it would be Blackburn Rovers, presumably.

-And Liverpool?

Try Liverpool? Blackburn Rovers and Liverpool.

No, it's Bolton Wanderers

and Burnley who are the other ones apart from Blackburn Rovers.

Right, we're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you're going to hear a piece of popular music.

For ten points, I want you to tell me

the name of the artist you can hear singing.

# Grips on your legs Front way, back way... #

Drake.

It is Drake. Yes.

His One Dance is a notable example of a song that employs the dembow

rhythm, a musical feature that originates from Jamaican dancehall.

For your music bonuses, three more pieces of music that have been

influenced by Jamaican dancehall and have made use of the dembow rhythm.

Five points for each artist you can name.

Firstly, name either of the artists listed as collaborating

on this track.

# Hypnotised, pull another one

# It's all right I know what you want

# Get the vibe It's gonna be lit tonight

# No lie

# Feels how we do it No lie... #

-Nominate Howe.

-Rihanna?

No, it's Sean Paul and Dua Lipa.

Secondly, name any one of the three artists listed on this song.

DANCEHALL INFLUENCED TRACK PLAYS

Nominate Howe.

DJ Snake?

That's correct. Mo and Major Lazer were the others.

Finally, name this solo artist.

DANCEHALL INFLUENCED BEAT

-Justin Bieber.

-Yeah, Justin Bieber.

Justin Bieber.

Indeed, yes!

Said wonderfully disdainfully!

Right, ten points for this. Who is this?

Born in Switzerland in 1879,

his work as an artist was influenced by Expressionism, Surrealism...?

Paul Klee.

Paul Klee is correct.

Three bonuses on the French author Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin,

better known as George Sand.

The pen name George Sand first appeared on which 1832 novel,

in which a wife struggles for independence?

It shares its name with a US state on Lake Michigan.

-Nominate Parkin.

-FRENCH ACCENT:

-Indiana.

-Er, Indiana.

-Indiana is correct.

In 1838, Sand began a liaison with which composer?

She said that he made a single instrument speak

a language of infinity.

-Chopin.

-Correct.

An autobiographical work by Sand tells of a winter spent with

Chopin on which Balearic island?

The author Robert Graves is buried there.

Majorca, Minorca... Which one do you reckon?

Er, Minorca.

No, it's Majorca. Bad luck. Ten points for this.

Cladonia rangiferina, or reindeer moss,

is an example of what form of organism, consisting of a symbiotic

association between a fungus and an algae or cyanobacterium?

Lichen.

Lichen is correct.

Your bonuses are on Africa.

In each case, name all of the countries whose territories

lie on the shortest straight line between the cities named,

including those at the start and the end of the route.

Firstly, Casablanca and Tripoli.

Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria.

Yeah, it would go through Tunisia.

So, Morocco...

-Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia...

-Libya.

-OK, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya.

-Correct.

Secondly, Addis Ababa and Dar es Salaam.

-Ethiopia...

-Kenya, Tanzania.

Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, OK.

Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania.

Correct. Finally Monrovia and Accra.

-Liberia, Sierra Leone...

-No, other side.

-Is that the other side?

-Liberia...

-Togo...

-Cote d'Ivoire.

-This is quite a lot of countries.

No, it's just Liberia, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana.

Liberia, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana.

Correct.

Right, ten points for this.

Which British political party was formed in 1934 by the merger

of two earlier bodies?

It has its headquarters at Gordon Lamb House.

The Scottish National Party.

-Correct.

-Oh, is it? Oh, right!

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on physiology, Magdalen.

In addition to the thyroid hormones, which hormone plays a role

in calcium homeostasis and is secreted by the thyroid gland?

Er...

Anyone?

-We have no idea.

-That's calcitonin, apparently.

Thyroid hormones are synthesised from iodine and which amino acid?

What are amino acids?

-Let's say glycine.

-Glycine.

No, it's tyrosine.

Secretion of thyroid hormones is regulated by TSH.

What two-word term denotes the specific endocrine gland

that secretes TSH?

-Uh...

-Pituitary?

-Might be, might be.

-Go for that.

Pituitary gland.

It's, no, it's the anterior pituitary gland.

-I needed both words.

-Oh, right.

-Ten points for this.

In physics, what term is used to describe quantities

such as weight, force, velocity and acceleration...?

-Vector?

-Vector is right.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on 17th and 18th century philosophers.

In each case, identify the person

from the English titles of their works.

Firstly, An Essay Towards A New Theory Of Vision

and Three Dialogues Between Hylas And Philonous.

Oh, no.

LAUGHTER

Oh, is...? Is it Berkeley?

Try it.

-Berkeley?

-Correct.

The Monadology, secondly, the Theodicy,

and the Discourse On Metaphysics.

Oh...

Any ideas?

I've got Locke in my head, for some reason.

We could say...

No, that's not 18th and 19th century.

Oh, 19th century...

Um...OK, Locke.

No, it's Leibniz.

And finally, the Principles Of Cartesian Philosophy

and the Ethics.

Must be...

Spinoza.

Spinoza is right. Ten points for this.

APPLAUSE

Name either of the two French rivers that may precede the word

maritime in the names of administrative departements.

Rhone.

No, you lose five points. Anyone want to buzz from...?

Seine.

Seine is one, and the other one is Charente.

APPLAUSE

So you get the points. Your bonuses are on an insect.

Imitative in origin, what common name is given to insects

in the family Gryllidae of the order Orthoptera?

Species include ant-loving and sword-bearing.

-Beetles?

-Go for it.

Beetle.

No, they're crickets.

Divided into chapters called chirps,

The Cricket On The Hearth is a Christmas novella

of the 1840s by which author?

Dickens.

Correct.

Published in his first collection in 1817,

On The Grasshopper And The Cricket is a work by which English poet?

Any ideas?

-Um...1817...

-1817, what would that sound like?

Say a name.

Browning?

-Browning?

-No, it's Keats.

We're going to take a picture round. For your picture starter,

you'll see a painting. Ten points if you can identify the artist.

-Vermeer.

-Vermeer is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

That painting was stolen in 1990 and remains missing.

It was one of the earliest major acquisitions by the US art patron

and collector Isabella Stewart Gardner.

Your picture bonuses are three more works from Gardner's collection

which can still be seen in Boston today.

Five points for each artist you can identify. Firstly...

Oh, what does that look like?

I think this is, like... It looks like...

I think it's a Spanish artist.

-Yeah...

-I think...

-We can say Goya?

-Go for it.

-Goya?

No, that's by John Singer Sargent.

Gardner was a friend and patron of his. Secondly...

-So this is, like, really old.

-Very old.

Do you have any ideas?

THEY CONFER

Giotto?

No, that's by Fra Angelico.

Gardner was the first to introduce Fra Angelico's work to the US.

And finally...

-Is that Botticelli?

-Hmm...

-I would...

-Go for it.

-Right.

Might not be. Botticelli?

It was Botticelli. That was the first Botticelli...

Ten points for this. What vowel links the Swahili word for freedom,

an official language of Pakistan and the giant monolith known...?

U?

U is correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on place names this time.

In each case, name the town or city from the description.

All three names begin with the same two letters.

Firstly, a city in south-west Germany, the location of the tallest

church steeple in the world,

and the birthplace of Einstein.

Ulm.

Correct. Secondly, a city on the River Volga,

formerly known as Simbirsk.

It was renamed in 1924 after the family name of Lenin

who was born there in 1870.

-Oh! Ulyanov, isn't it?

-Go for it.

Ulyanov?

Ulyanovsk was the name of the town.

And finally, a town in South Lakeland, close to Morecambe Bay.

The comedian Stan Laurel was born there in 1890.

Ooh, no!

-Ah, no!

-Don't say that.

Um, Ulthorpe.

-No, it's Ulverston.

-Ah!

-Ten points for this.

From an Algonquian language, what five-letter word denotes

the largest extant member of the deer family?

In North America it's a nickname for a person of unusual size

or strength.

-Fitzwilliam, Howe.

-Moose?

Moose is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on a writer, Fitzwilliam.

First published in 1857, two years after its author's death,

The Professor is a novel by which literary figure?

Is that Charlotte Bronte?

She's... Cos she wrote one originally, didn't she, and scrapped it?

-I'll go with that.

-Charlotte Bronte?

Correct.

Like The Professor, Charlotte Bronte's novel Villette draws on her

experiences of teaching English in the 1840s in which European country?

France, Switzerland?

Shall we try Switzerland?

Switzerland?

No, it's Belgium. Which Victorian novelist wrote the biography

The Life Of Charlotte Bronte, also published in 1857?

Ooh, goodness me. That doesn't ring a bell.

-George Eliot, that's more...

-Come on!

-Eliot?

-No, it's Mrs Gaskell.

We've got about three and a half minutes to go. Ten points for this.

Referring to a centre for the robotic exploration of the solar

system, the letters JPL...

Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

That's correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses now are on Greek civilisation, Fitzwilliam.

Meaning "great Greece", what Latin term refers to the

regions of southern Italy that were colonised by Greek settlers from

the eighth century BC?

-Nominate Tindall.

-Magno Graecia?

Magna Graecia, yes.

The wrestler Milo,

reputed to have won events at six Olympic games, was a native of

which city of Magna Graecia, located in the modern region of Calabria?

-Calabria's...

-There's Reggio-Calabria.

Reggio?

No, it's Crotone. And finally, denoting a person with a fondness

for luxury or pleasure, what term is derived from the name of an ancient

city of Magna Graecia, lying on the Gulf of Taranto?

-Syracuse, is that...?

-No, that's in Sicily.

-Oh, er, Sybarite.

-Sybarite, yeah.

-Sybarite?

Sybarite is correct. Ten points for this.

Arms And The Man I Sing is John...

Fitzwilliam, Tindall!

The Aeneid?

The Aeneid is correct! Yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on birthplaces of British monarchs.

George II was born in 1683 in the Schlossel Castle

at Herrenhausen in which German city?

I don't know that.

-I'd say Hanover, but that's...

-Hanover?

Correct. George VI, born in 1895, is the only British monarch to have

been born at which royal residence?

Balmoral?

No, it's Sandringham. And, finally, two British monarchs were born at

Buckingham Palace.

For five points, name either of them.

I think she was born... We could try it. Elizabeth II?

No, it's William IV and Edward VII.

Ten points for this. Listen carefully.

In terms of internet country codes, if Comoros is kilometre,

what metric unit is Madagascar?

Metre?

-No. Anyone want to buzz from Magdalen?

-Milligram?

Milligram is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on asteroids classified according to their spectral class.

Discovered in 1849, firstly, which is the largest of the dark,

C-type asteroids?

It shares its name with the Greek goddess of health.

-THEY CONFER Come on!

-Um, Sairwees.

No, it's Hygeia.

With a diameter of roughly 200km,

what is the largest known M-class asteroid?

It's named after a lover of Cupid in classical mythology.

Is that Psyche? Psyche?

Correct. What S-type asteroid was the fifth to be discovered and

shares its name with the mythological virgin goddess of purity?

Um, Vester?

No, it's Astraea. Ten points for this.

In birds, what is produced by the organ called the syrinx?

The call?

I'll accept that, yes, it's the song or the sound.

APPLAUSE

Right, you get a set of bonuses on Scotland. In each case,

give the council area whose name corresponds to the following.

First, the noble title of John Graham of Claverhouse,

a Jacobite general killed at the battle of Killiecrankie in 1689?

Marr? There was certainly a Marr. Let's try Marr.

No, it's Dundee.

Secondly, the government commander at the 1715 battle

of Sheriffmuir, followed by the Prime Minister at the end...

GONG APPLAUSE

And at the gong, Magdalen College, Oxford have 155,

but Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge have 200.

APPLAUSE

Bad luck, Magdalen, you were very entertaining.

You can always get a job doing voiceover, any of you, I'm sure.

Fitzwilliam, many congratulations to you.

We shall look forward to seeing you in the quarterfinals. Congratulations.

I hope you can join us next time for the last of the second round matches,

but until then, it's goodbye from Magdalen College, Oxford.

-Bye-bye.

-Goodbye.

-Bye.

-It's goodbye from Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. ALL:

-Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.