Episode 28 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Two more teams who've already battled hard

to get into this quarterfinal stage of the competition

now have to fight even harder to get out of it,

with not one but two victories required

before they make the sunlit uplands of the semifinals.

Now, the team from the University of Edinburgh

appear to relish a close-run thing,

having arrived at this stage with two wins,

both by the smallest of margins, five points,

against Ulster University in round one

and University College London in round two.

With an accumulated score of 335 and an average age of 22,

let's meet the Edinburgh team again.

Hi, I'm John, I'm from Edinburgh,

and I'm studying Russian and history.

Hi, I'm Stanley, I'm from Edinburgh,

and I'm studying for an MSc in speech and language processing.

And here's their captain.

Hi, I'm Innis, I'm from Glasgow, and I'm doing a PhD in chemistry.

Hi, I'm Philippa, I'm from Oxford and I'm studying biology.

APPLAUSE

It was also a close-run thing for the team

from Emmanuel College Cambridge in their first-round match

against St Hugh's College Oxford, which they won by 170 points to 155.

But Strathclyde University let them off rather more lightly,

with a margin of 105 points to 170.

Their accumulated score of 340, therefore,

is just five points ahead of their opponents tonight.

So we may be in for another close match.

With an average age of 19, let's meet the Emmanuel team once more.

Hi, I'm Ed, I'm from Manchester,

and I study physics.

Hello, I'm Kitty, I'm from Hampshire,

and I study Arabic and Hindi.

Here's their captain.

Hi, I'm Alex Mistlin, I'm from Islington in north London,

and I'm studying politics and international relations.

Hi, I'm James, I'm from Bristol, and I'm reading medicine.

APPLAUSE

OK, the rules never change, so fingers on the buzzers,

here's your first starter for ten.

Which major city links a sunflower

whose tubers are eaten as a vegetable...?

-Jerusalem.

-Jerusalem is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Emmanuel College, you get the first set of bonuses.

They're on alliteration.

"Whereat, with blade, with bloody blameful blade,

"he bravely broached his boiling, bloody breast."

These words appear in the prologue

to a play within which play by Shakespeare?

-Midsummer Night's Dream has a play within a play.

-No, but it's not...

I think it might be. No? I think it is.

What are the chances of it...?

Shall I say it?

A Midsummer Night's Dream?

Correct. It's the prologue to Pyramus and Thisbe, of course.

"The fair breeze flew, the white foam flew,

"the furrow followed free."

These words appear in which narrative poem of 1798?

Not Rime Of The Ancient Mariner?

-That's a good shout.

-Yeah, good shout.

-Rime Of The Ancient Mariner?

-Correct.

Which early 20th-century novel ends with the words,

"So we beat on, boats against the current,

"borne back ceaselessly into the past"?

-The Great Gatsby.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Sorry it was so easy for you! LAUGHTER

Ten points for this.

In a televised interview, which physicist said,

"I can live with doubt and uncertainty and not knowing.

"I think it's much more interesting to live not knowing

"than to have answers which might be wrong"?

He gives his name to diagrams used in...

Feynman.

Richard Feynman is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Three questions on tall statues for you, Edinburgh.

What is the three-word English name of the prominent statue

in the Art Deco style, dedicated in 1931, which

stands at 22.95 degrees south, 43.21 degrees west?

THEY CONFER

-Christ the Redeemer.

-Correct.

Similar in height to Nelson's Column and completed in 1967,

a sword-wielding female statue commemorating which battle

stands at 48.74 degrees north, 44.53 degrees east?

Is it Stalingrad? Could be a shield, sword...

OK. Stalingrad.

-Correct.

-Nice one.

And, finally, which statue stands at 40.68 degrees north,

74.04 degrees west?

Built to the design of Bartholdi, it was dedicated in 1886.

Statue of Liberty.

The Statue of Liberty.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Ten points for this.

The style of visual art known as Gandhara

is particularly associated with what religion?

The style developed from the first century BCE

in present-day Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan.

Hinduism?

Anyone like to buzz from Edinburgh?

Zoroastrianism?

No, it's Buddhism. Ten points for this.

Described by the French socialist Jean Jaures as,

"The language of a defeated nation,"

which six-letter term is defined by the OED as

"a dialect spoken by the people of a particular region

"which is considered to differ from the standard..."

Pidgin.

No. "..the standard or orthodox version"?

You lose five points, by the way, Edinburgh, sorry.

Anyone want to buzz from Emmanuel?

Patois?

Patois is correct. Yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on psychology, Emmanuel.

The murder of which woman in New York in 1964

inspired research into the bystander phenomenon

because it was commonly believed that more than 30 witnesses

to the event did nothing to intervene?

Is it Kitty Genovese?

Nominate Derby.

-Kitty Genovese?

-Correct.

In a piece of research now notorious for its unethical processes,

which behaviourist psychologist worked with his assistant Rosalie Rayner

to instil certain fears into a baby they nicknamed Little Albert?

I don't know.

Skinner? Try...

Skinner?

No, it's John B Watson.

And, finally, the subject of the film The Three Faces Of Eve,

Chris Costner Sizemore is one of the best-known people to have been given

what controversial diagnosis,

known today as dissociative identity disorder?

It is schizophrenia?

Mm, do you think so?

Try schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia.

No, it's multiple personality disorder.

Ten points for this.

Characterised by Chambers Dictionary as "archaic or jocular,"

which word, formed by conjoining a pronoun and a verb,

appears at the start of John of Gaunt's speech in Shakespeare's

Richard II, that continues, "I am a prophet new inspired"?

Its meaning is, "I'm of the opinion that".

-Methinks.

-Methinks is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on islands.

Firstly, for five points, a territory of Chile

in the South Pacific, which island group is named after

a Spanish navigator who landed there in the 1570s?

It contains individual islands that bear the names

of Alexander Selkirk and Robinson Crusoe.

-Juan Fernandez Islands.

-Oh, yeah.

-Juan Fernandez Islands.

-Correct.

Often said to have been named after the leader or leaders

of a Portuguese naval expedition in the 16th century,

which atoll in the British Indian Ocean Territory

is the largest in the Chagos Archipelago?

Diego Garcia.

-Diego Garcia.

-Correct.

And, finally, part of a British Overseas Territory,

which island group in the South Atlantic is named after

the Portuguese sailor who discovered it in 1506?

-Tristan da Cunha.

-Yeah.

-Tristan da Cunha.

-Tristan da Cunha is correct.

You take the lead. APPLAUSE

We're going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see a still from a film.

Ten points if you can give me its title.

Pulp Fiction?

No. Anyone like to buzz from Emmanuel?

No?

OK, I'll tell you. That's from My Beautiful Laundrette.

So we'll take the picture bonuses in a moment or two.

Ten points at stake for this starter question.

Working in a rural hospital during World War II,

the Dutch physician Willem Kolff is credited with the invention,

using sausage casings and orange juice cans...

Dialysis.

No. You lose five points.

..using sausage casings and orange juice cans,

of the first artificial form of which organ of the human body?

Kidney.

Kidney is correct, of course.

APPLAUSE

So you get the picture bonuses,

following on from My Beautiful Laundrette.

It was a forerunner of what the critic B Ruby Rich named

the New Queer Cinema movement of the late '80s and early '90s.

Your picture bonuses are three more films representative of this movement.

Five points for each you can identify. Firstly, for five,

this is a promotional still from which documentary of 1990?

-I don't know.

-Do you have any idea?

-No.

Pass.

That was Paris Is Burning.

Secondly, this film of 1991.

Oh, it's...

It's Stand By Me.

-Isn't it...? Are you sure?

-No.

Isn't that one about kids?

It's...

That's River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves.

Stand By Me.

No, that's My Own Private Idaho,

Gus Van Sant's reworking of Henry IV.

Finally, this film of 1992.

Could it be Orlando?

-Has there been a film of that?

-I've no idea.

Is that a stupid thing to say?

-Orlando?

-Orlando is correct.

APPLAUSE Sally Potter's adaptation

of Virginia Woolf's novel. Right. Ten points for this.

Listen carefully, give your answers promptly.

In addition to Oxford, three English cities appear within the names

of spaces on the standard UK version of the board game Monopoly.

Name two of them.

-Kent?

-No.

Anyone like to buzz from Emmanuel?

Coventry and Leicester?

Correct. Liverpool is the other one, as in Liverpool Street station.

APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses now, Emmanuel College, are on the sciences.

What two-word term denotes the coiled structure

of an extended polypeptide chain, discovered by Linus Pauling in 1948?

It has 3.6 residues per turn.

-Alpha helix?

-Nominate Fraser.

-Alpha helix.

-Correct.

Expressed as a number between zero and one,

what alpha is the name of an index used in psychometric testing

to measure the internal consistency of a test or scale?

It's named after the US researcher who developed it in 1951.

Spearman's...?

That's statistics, isn't it?

-Pearson...?

-Spearman's coefficient?

Spearman's coefficient.

No, it's Cronbach's alpha.

And finally, the alpha brainwave has what alternative name, after the

German scientist who invented the electroencephalographic, or EEG?

I don't know. When are we talking?

I don't know.

-James?

-Don't know.

Pass.

It's Hans Berger. Ten points for this.

Mozart and Salieri,

the Cossack insurgent Pugachev,

Vladimir Lensky, and an equestrian statue of Peter the Great

are characters in works by which literary...?

Alexander Shostakovich.

-No.

-It's not Shostakovich, is it?

-I'm afraid you lose five points.

I'm going to offer it to you, Emmanuel,

you can hear the whole thing.

..literary figure? He was killed in a duel in 1837.

Pushkin.

Pushkin is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Three questions on the Seven Churches Of Asia,

as described in the Book Of Revelation, Emmanuel College.

In Revelation, which of the seven churches is addressed

with the words, "Thou hast left thy first love"?

A major commercial centre of the Roman province of Asia,

its remains lie near Selcuk in western Turkey.

THEY CONFER

-Come on.

-Ephesus.

Correct.

Which of the churches is described as "lukewarm"

and "neither hot nor cold"?

Thomas Hardy used a form of its name in the title of a novel of 1881.

Like, D'Urberville?

-No, don't think so.

-In the Bible...

Come on, just give me something.

Hebrews. Is that a thing?

Hebrews.

No, it's Laodicea.

And, finally, which church described as,

"Having kept my word, and hast not denied my name"?

It shares its Greek-derived name

with one of the largest cities in North America.

-Large cities...

-North America. Like, Toronto or Ottawa...

Toronto, does that sound like...?

-I don't think so.

-Vancouver?

I don't know.

Try that?

Nominate Fraser.

Pff.

LAUGHTER

Bad luck!

Toronto.

The church of Toronto?! No, it's Philadelphia.

Right, we're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter,

you're going to hear an aria from an opera.

For ten points, just identify its composer, please.

OPERA MUSIC PLAYS

Puccini.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Emmanuel?

You can hear a little more.

MUSIC CONTINUES

Bizet.

No, it's Softly Awakes My Heart from Samson and Delilah

by Camille Saint-Saens.

So, music bonuses in a moment or two. Another starter question.

The Oyo Empire and the Aro Confederacy

were historical states that lay largely within the territory

of which present-day country?

The latter was defeated by Britain early in the 20th century.

Afghanistan.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Emmanuel College?

Japan?

No, it's Nigeria.

Right, ten points for this.

Listen carefully. I need a seven-letter word here.

In his treatise On The Equilibrium Of Planes,

Archimedes outlined the importance of what mechanical component,

the support or pivot of a lever?

-Fulcrum.

-Fulcrum is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

So, you'll be thrilled to hear you get the music bonuses.

We heard Saint-Saens earlier as a starter.

That piece was written for the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot.

As a performer, teacher, composer and leader of a Paris salon,

she was an important influence on many now better-known composers.

Firstly, for five, can you give me the composer of this work?

Viardot gave its premiere in 1870.

OPERA MUSIC PLAYS

It sounds a bit like Wagner, if you ask me, but...

What's the name of the work?

I do not know.

-The name of the work?

-Is it the opera or just...?

-What were we asked for?

-The composer.

Just the composer.

Is it Wagner?

No, it's Brahms, his Alto Rhapsody.

Secondly, I want the composer of this work,

one of several he dedicated to Viardot.

OPERA MUSIC PLAYS

THEY CONFER

We'll try Schubert.

No, that's Faure, Chanson De Pecheur.

And finally, here, I want the name of this operatic role,

rewritten in French for Viardot by Hector Berlioz.

OPERA MUSIC PLAYS

THEY CONFER

Is it in Carmen? I don't know...

That would be in French in the first place, wouldn't it?

Oh, yeah, true, so it can't be that.

-Does anyone have any thoughts?

-No, sorry.

Tosca.

No, it's Orpheus.

Ten points for this.

Which three letters begin the name of the element

between titanium and chromium in the periodic table? The...

V-A-N.

V-A-N is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on the playwright, Laura Wade.

Wade is perhaps best known as the author of which play,

first staged at the Royal Court Theatre in 2010

and later adapted as the film The Riot Club?

It concerns a privileged Oxbridge club similar to the Bullingdon.

-Posh.

-Posh is correct.

In 2003, Wade adapted for the stage Young Emma,

a memoir by which Welsh author

whose other works include The Autobiography Of A Super-Tramp?

-Don't know.

-No.

-No.

Dylan Thomas?

Dylan Thomas.

No, it's WH Davies.

In 2015, which novel did Wade adapt for the stage?

The debut novel of Sarah Waters, it follows the lives

of the musical performers Kitty Butler and Nan King.

I don't know.

Sarah Waters... Is she not...?

She wrote Instance Of The Fingerpost, I think,

-but I don't think it's that.

-Sarah Waters?

-I don't know.

Pass.

It's Tipping The Velvet. Ten points for this.

With about 30,000 species,

teleost are a diverse infraclass of what general type of vertebrate,

distinguished by having...?

Fish.

Fish is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on Chaim Weizmann,

the first president of Israel and a noted chemist.

Weizmann was born in the Russian Empire in 1874,

not far from the city of Pinsk.

In what present-day country is Pinsk?

Do you have any idea?

I THINK it's in Belarus.

We'll just try that. Belarus.

-Correct.

-Well done.

In 1915 in Manchester, Weizmann developed a process

known as ABE fermentation for use in the manufacture of munitions.

For what common solvent does the letter A stand in this case?

-Yeah, that's an idea.

-Yeah.

Alcohol.

-No, it's acetone.

-Oh.

-Sorry.

-Don't worry.

And, finally, a shortage of grain for acetone production

led to an exploration of other sources.

This included organised collections, for example, by Boy Scouts,

of what nut-like seeds, which are inedible, usually, to humans?

Could it be beech nuts?

Maybe. I don't have anything else to suggest. Anyone...? No?

Beech nuts.

No, they're conkers, or horse chestnuts.

Beech nuts are definitely edible. Ten points for this.

Which French sociologist introduced the term anomie

to describe that condition in which norms for conduct are

either absent, weak or conflicting

in his ground-breaking study in 1897, Suicide?

Durkheim.

Durkheim is right. Your bonuses now are on...

APPLAUSE

..human prehistory.

Dated to around 200,000 years before the present,

early remains of Homo sapiens were discovered in 1967

in the Omo River Valley in which east African country?

-That's in Ethiopia.

-Ethiopia.

-Correct.

-Well done.

Described as being among the oldest anatomically-modern humans in Africa,

other early remains have been unearthed at Jebel Irhoud

in which Mediterranean country?

I don't know that at all.

Turkey?

No, I think it's...Israel.

-I'm happy with that.

-I don't know.

-I'm not really sure, but...

-Israel.

-No, it's Morocco.

The cave paintings at Lascaux in southern France

are estimated by radiocarbon dating to be how old?

You can have 2,000 years either way.

-Not the faintest idea. Sorry.

-I wouldn't know where to start.

Maybe 40,000?

40,000. Is that what we're saying?

-40,000.

-No, it's 17,000.

-OK.

Right, we're going to take a second picture round.

For your picture starter, you're going to see a portrait

of a literary figure. Ten points if you can identify him.

John Donne.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Emmanuel?

Is it Moliere?

No, it's not. It's Jonathan Swift.

So we'll take the picture bonuses in a moment or two.

Ten points at stake for this.

Who was proclaimed King of England during his return journey

from the Ninth Crusade? Having visited his lands in France,

he landed in England almost two years later,

his coronation taking place in August 1274.

-Edward I.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

You get the picture bonuses. In 1973,

the International Astronomical Union named a crater on Deimos

after Jonathan Swift, who was the geezer you failed to identify.

He speculated in Gulliver's Travels that Mars had two small satellites.

Your picture bonuses are three more writers who have had Martian craters

named after them in recognition of their speculative fiction.

Firstly, for five, who's this?

-Asimov, maybe?

-Yeah.

-Asimov?

-Asimov is correct.

The Martian Way is an early example of a terraforming story set on Mars.

Secondly...

Truman Capote?

-Did he do speculative fiction?

-I don't know. Just...

-Not sure.

Truman Capote?

Truman Capote?! No. SCATTERED LAUGHTER

It's Edgar Rice Burroughs,

who wrote a series of novels centring on a Martian adventurer.

And, finally...

That looks like Kafka, doesn't it?

But it's not...

-Shall we say Kafka?

-No.

-It's not Kafka.

Who is it, then?

Kafka.

Doesn't look at all like him.

-No, it's HG Wells.

-Oh.

Of course, Mars was the source of the invasion

in The War Of The Worlds.

Right, we're going to take another starter question now.

Rene Antoine de Reaumur explained how different alloys of what metal

could be distinguished by the amount of carbon they contain?

-Iron.

-Iron is correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on Angela Merkel. Born in Hamburg,

Angela Merkel entered which East German university in 1973?

Founded in 1409, its noted other alumni include

Leibniz, Goethe and Wagner.

What was the one that's near to Berlin?

-Um...

-I've got a friend that's...

-Potsdam? Is it Potsdam?

-Do we have any idea?

-I can't remember.

Potsdam.

No, it's Leipzig.

In 2000, Merkel became the first woman

and the first non-Catholic to lead which political party?

I need the three-word name, either in English or German.

Christian Democratic Union.

Correct.

In 2013, Merkel became the third three-time Chancellor

of post-war Germany.

Give the surnames of both the other two.

I'm not much help here, I'm afraid.

Helmut Kohl was one.

Helmut Kohl and...

-Schmidt?

-And Kohl.

-OK.

Schmidt and Kohl.

-No, it was Konrad Adenauer and Kohl.

-Sorry.

-Don't worry.

Ten points for this.

What given name is shared by

the creator of the Dukes cancer classification system,

the Vice Admiral who took charge of the British fleet at Trafalgar

after the death of Nelson,

and a seventh century saint who became Bishop of Lindisfarne?

Cuthbert?

Cuthbert is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on dinosaurs of the late Jurassic period.

In each case, name the dinosaur from the description.

Firstly, which quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaur had bony plates

embedded in the skin of its back and a name meaning "roof lizard"?

-Is that brachiosaurus?

-I think stegosaurus.

-I think it's...

-Brachiosaurus is arms, isn't it?

-OK, so...

-I think stegosaurus. Stegosaurus.

-Correct.

Which carnivorous dinosaur has a name meaning "other lizard"

or "different lizard"?

-I feel like xenosaurus.

-Xenosaur? I don't know. Allosaur?

-Allosaurus.

-Yeah, go with that.

-Allosaur.

-Allosaurus is correct, yes.

And, finally, which quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaur grew to

more than 26 metres in length and has a name meaning "double beam"?

-Diplodocus?

-Yeah.

-Yeah.

Diplodocus.

Diplodocus is correct. Ten points for this.

APPLAUSE

Having taken the silver medal three times previously,

which country won the men's Olympic football tournament

for the first time in...?

Argentina.

No, you lose five points, I'm afraid.

..when they beat Germany in a penalty shoot-out in 2016,

in the final?

Brazil?

Brazil is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on European history, this time, Edinburgh.

Characterised by rising levels of inflation and unemployment,

the phrase "the Two Red Years"

refers to the period from 1919-20 in which European country?

-Is that not Germany?

-Germany... Weimar?

-I'm not sure.

It could either be the Weimar Republic,

or, if it was only two red years, then...

-Let's have it, please.

-Just say something.

Hungary.

-No, it's Italy.

-Oh.

Under its Italian name of Fiume, which present-day Croatian city

was made a free state by the first Treaty of Rapallo in 1920?

THEY CONFER

We just have to try something.

-Zadar.

-Zadar.

No, it's Rijeka.

And, finally, which treaty of 1929

established the Vatican City...? GONG

And at the gong, Emmanuel College Cambridge have 110,

Edinburgh have 125.

APPLAUSE

Well, you just had it snatched from your grasp

at the end, there, Emmanuel.

But, you know, that's how it goes. Thank you very much for joining us.

You've got to play and win twice more to stay in the competition.

Edinburgh Uni have to play once more to stay in the competition.

Congratulations to you.

I hope you can join us next time for another quarterfinal match.

But until then, it's goodbye from Emmanuel College Cambridge.

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-It's goodbye from Edinburgh University. ALL:

-Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

APPLAUSE