Episode 3 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

-Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

-APPLAUSE

Hello. A spotless school career unblemished by detentions

with long hours spent in the library, homework handed in on time

and fistfuls of end of term prizes can land a diligent student

not just with a place at university, but even more rewardingly

with a seat behind one of our desks tonight.

England plays Wales this evening for a place in the second round.

Now, the team from the University of Southampton represent

an institution founded by the bequest of a local wine merchant

in the mid-19th-century.

It received its Royal Charter in 1952.

Alumni include the journalist Jon Sopel

and the MP Justine Greening,

Sir Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the world wide web,

was appointed a professor in the computer science department

and the university is also home to Boaty McBoatface,

the robot submarine connected to RSS David Attenborough,

which is currently part of a research project

based on its world-renowned national oceanographic centre.

With an average age of 20,

representing a student population of around 24,000,

let's meet the Southampton team.

Hello, I'm Juan Paulo Ledesma, I grew up in Hampshire

and I'm studying medicine.

Hi, there, I'm Andrew Knighton, I'm from Fareham in Hampshire

and I'm studying medicine as well.

And this is their captain...

Hello, I'm Lorna Frankel, I'm from Wiltshire

and I'm studying natural sciences.

Hello, I'm Niall Jones,

I'm from Chalfont St Peter in Buckinghamshire

and I do English.

APPLAUSE

Now the University of Cardiff began life as a university college

in the late 19th century and having later been part of

the federal University of Wales, became independent in 2005.

Alumni include Glenys and Neil Kinnock who,

as students, were nicknamed the power and the glory,

in that order.

The news presenter Susanna Reid and Huw Edwards studied there,

as did the former national poet of Wales, Gillian Clarke.

Also with an average age of 20

and representing around 30,000 students,

let's meet the Cardiff team.

Hi, I'm Freddie Colleran,

I'm from Halifax in West Yorkshire and I'm studying engineering.

Hi, I'm Daniel Conway, I'm from Chiswick in West London

-and I'm studying medicine.

-And this is their captain...

Hello, I'm Ian Strachan, I'm from Nuneaton in Warwickshire

and I'm studying chemistry.

Hi, I'm Rosie Cowell,

I'm originally from Newport Pagnell in Buckinghamshire

and I'm studying philosophy.

APPLAUSE

OK, the rules never change on this programme.

It's 10 points for starter questions,

which have to be answered individually on the buzzer or bell,

and bonus questions, which are worth 15 points,

are team efforts, you can confer on those.

There's a five-point fine

if you interrupt a starter question incorrectly.

So, fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

What short word links the legislature of the German Empire

or Holy Roman Empire

from the early medieval period to the early 19th century

with a prescribed course of food

restricted in kind or limited in quantity?

Diet.

Correct. APPLAUSE

The first bonuses are on the stories of Sinbad the Sailor

in One Thousand and One Nights.

Firstly for five points, in the third and fifth voyages,

Sinbad's ships are wrecked by large stones

dropped by which mythological bird?

Was it a roc?

-Roc?

-Yeah.

-Roc.

Roc.

A roc or "rook" is correct.

In the seventh and last voyage,

Sinbad and his shipmates are captured by pirates

believed to be based on the inhabitants of which archipelago

between India and Burma?

It's now a union territory of India.

-Andaman Islands.

-Definitely the Andaman?

-Yeah.

The Andaman Islands.

Correct. From which city does Sinbad set sail on his voyages?

It is the principal port of Iraq.

-Basra.

-Basra? Basra.

Correct.

Ten points for this... APPLAUSE

A mixture of Yiddish, Italian, Spanish,

Occitan, Thieves' cant, Romany, Cockney rhyming side,

back slang and lingua franca,

which former slang was a major part of gay culture until the late 1960s?

Polari?

Polari is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on citizenship, Southampton.

"I am a citizen not of Athens or Greece, but of the world."

Which philosopher said that

according to the Greek biographer Plutarch?

-Socrates?

-Socrates was what I was thinking.

Socrates.

Socrates is correct.

"If a man be gracious and courteous to strangers,

"it shows he is a citizen of the world."

Those are the words of which English philosopher born in 1561?

Is that Francis Bacon?

-Bacon?

-Yeah, try him.

-OK.

Francis Bacon.

Correct.

"The idea of a law of world citizenship is no high-flown

"or exaggerated notion."

Which German philosopher wrote those words

in the 1795 work Perpetual Peace?

-JONES:

-Kant?

-LEDESMA:

-He's the right era of time, so I'd say Kant.

Kant.

Kant is correct, yes. Ten points for this starter question.

APPLAUSE

In medicine, what term derived from the Greek for concurrence

is defined as a collection of symptoms of a disorder...?

Syndrome.

Syndrome is right. APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on events of 1867.

Which physician first published his findings

on antiseptic surgery in The Lancet in 1867?

-Lister.

-Lister?

Through these means, he had greatly reduced surgical mortality

in his Glasgow hospital.

Joseph Lister.

Correct.

The Physiology and Pathology of Mind

is an 1867 work by which psychiatrist?

He gives his name to a leading training hospital in South London.

William James? No, he's American. What do you think?

-KNIGHTON:

-Is it Guy's Hospital?

-JONES:

-Oh, yeah.

-KNIGHTON:

-Is it Thomas Guy?

-Thomas Guy.

No, it's Henry Maudsley. And, finally, in 1867,

the English chemist Henry Roscoe first isolated

which metallic element? Used in high-speed tool steels,

it's named after a Nordic goddess of beauty?

THEY WHISPER

Don't think that's named after...

THEY MUMBLE

Shall I just say tungsten?

Just go with that? Tungsten.

-No, it's vanadium.

-Oh.

10 points for this. At the Rio Olympic Games

in 2016, athletes from Tajikistan and Poland respectively won

the men's and women's gold medals in which field event?

In 1986, the Russian Yuriy Sedykh set the men's...

Is it discus?

Nope. You lose five points.

..set the men's world record at 86.74 metres.

Hammer throw?

Hammer throw's correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on city planning, Southampton.

Responding to the ills of unrestricted private developers,

the British urban planner Ebenezer Howard

published his model for what type of city in the 1898 work

To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.

OK. Garden City.

Correct. In his 1465 work, Treatise on Architecture,

Antonio di Filarete proposed a model city which he calls Sforzinda

after the ruler of which Italian state?

Sforza was Milan?

-Sforza was...

-I don't know. If you think it's Milan...

-JONES:

-Milan.

Milan.

Milan is correct.

Which Swiss architect presented his vision of an ideal modern city

in works such as Towards A New Architecture in 1929

and The Radiant City in 1935?

Le Corbusier, I think.

-LEDESMA:

-Is he Swiss?

-JONES:

-I think he is, yeah.

OK, nominate Jones.

Le Corbusier.

Le Corbusier is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Right, we're going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter,

you're going to see a map of the United States,

however a border between two states has been erased.

10 points if you can identify the two states

that have been merged on the map.

Mississippi and Alabama.

Correct. We can see how it's meant to look.

APPLAUSE

Right, you get the picture bonuses then, Southampton, congratulations.

Following on from that super state, three more maps,

but in these a border between two sovereign countries has been erased.

Five points if you can identify in each case the two countries

that have been merged.

Firstly, what two European countries have been merged here?

Ooh, Romania and Bulgaria.

-Romania and Bulgaria?

-Yeah.

Romania and Bulgaria.

Correct. Here's how they really look.

And, secondly...

Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Afghanistan and Pakistan.

We'll see the real borders now. That's correct.

And, finally, which two African countries have been merged here?

Ooh, Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo.

Correct. Here's how the map should look.

Well done. APPLAUSE

Right, 10 points for this starter question.

In 2014 and 2016,

which country staged the first two World Nomad Games?

The venue was Cholpon-Ata, a resort town on the Issyk-Kul Lake,

not far from its country's borders with Kazakhstan?

Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyzstan is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on Helen of Troy in stage work, Southampton.

"The ravished Helen, Menelaus' queen, with wanton Paris sleeps,

"and that's the quarrel."

These words appear in the prologue to which of Shakespeare's plays?

Troilus and Cressida.

Troilus and Cressida.

Correct. In his play Helen,

which Greek dramatist offered a version of the legend

in which a phantom Helen absconds with Paris

while the real and faithful Helen is in Egypt?

Euripides, maybe? I don't know...

OK. Euripides.

Correct.

Helen of Troy is described as "that peerless dame of Greece"

by the protagonist of which play by Christopher Marlowe?

Doctor Faustus.

Doctor Faustus.

Correct. APPLAUSE

10 points for this starter question.

Which early 17th century revenge tragedy

is the source of the title of Stephen Fry's novel

The Stars' Tennis Balls?

Its themes include incestuous desire, madness and murder

and along with the White Devil, it is one of the best-known works...

The Duchess of Malfi.

Correct. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses this time on scientific terms.

In each case, give the term from the description.

All three begin with the same five-letter prefix.

In biology, firstly, a term referring to any process

actively used by living things to maintain stable conditions

necessary for survival, such as temperature, blood oxygen,

water and sugar.

Homeostasis.

Correct.

Secondly, a DNA sequence of around 180 base pairs

which occurs in all metazoa.

Genes containing this element encode DNA binding proteins that

regulate gene expression and control morphogenesis

and cell differentiation.

It's homeo-something so...

Homeozygote or something?

-I don't know.

-I don't know.

Homeozygote.

No, it's homeobox.

And, finally, in mathematics,

a correspondence between two figures, surfaces

or other geometrical objects defined by a one-to-one mapping

that is continuous in both directions.

Entomological so...

homeo...

..topology?

-JONES:

-Yeah, I have no idea.

Andy, anything?

-I've got nothing.

-OK.

Homeotopology.

No, it's homeomorphism.

10 points for this.

Named after the Scottish botanist who first studied it in 1827,

what phenomenon is the random movement

of microscopic particles...?

Brownian motion.

Brownian motion is correct.

APPLAUSE

Three questions on 20th century psychologists for your bonuses.

Which Swiss psychologist was the first to make a systematic study

of the acquisition of understanding in children?

He's noted for his theory of the four stages of development,

the first being the sensorimotor.

-Jung?

-I think Jung...

-LEDESMA:

-Freud was Austrian.

-OK.

Jung.

No, it's Piaget.

Which German-born US psychologist conceived of

eight stages of development?

His psychohistory includes Young Man Luther

and Gandhi's Truth: On The Origins Of Militant Nonviolence.

I don't know.

German-born American.

Just say...

-Freud?

-KNIGHTON:

-Schmidt? I don't know.

Freud.

It's Erik H Erikson.

And, finally, the author of the 1948 novel Walden Two,

which US behaviourist invented the air crib tender?

A large container designed to provide an optimal environment

for child growth.

Bowlby?

-Bowlby?

-JONES:

-OK? I don't know.

-Bowlby.

No, it's BF Skinner.

10 points for this. Give the surname

of the US economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1971.

Born in the Russian Empire,

he gives his name to a hypothesis that income inequality

would increase and then decrease as income grew within countries.

Friedman.

Nope.

Stiglitz.

No, it's Kuznets. Simon Kuznets.

10 points for this.

"All shall be well and all shall be well

"and all manner of things shall be well."

These are the words of Jesus as revealed

to which medieval mystic in her Revelations of Divine Love?

The first work in English...

Julian of Norwich.

Julian of Norwich is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

A set of bonuses now on Frederic Chopin.

Chopin composed more than 50 works for piano

in the style of which Polish national dance,

characterised by foot stamping and heel clicking

with music in triple time?

Polka or polonaise?

Polka, probably?

Does polka involve a lot of foot stamping?

-JONES:

-I don't know.

-I think that polka might be in four. Shall I say polonaise?

-OK.

Polonaise.

-No, it's the mazurka.

-Oh.

Secondly, from the French meaning "to rock",

what name is given to Chopin's piano composition

in the form of a lullaby, published in 1844?

-French for rock?

-I don't know.

-LEDESMA:

-It would end in E-R.

-I don't know, pass.

-Pass.

It's Berceuse, from bercer, "to rock".

Chopin was a prominent composer of works for piano in what form,

that of a stately dance often used to open a court ball

or other royal function?

-Waltz?

-Notable examples include the military of 1838.

OK. Waltz.

No, that's a polonaise. LAUGHTER

Right, we're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you're going to hear a piece of popular music.

For 10 points, simply give me the name of the artist

you hear singing.

# Oh, oh-oh-oh-oh... #

Katy Perry.

That is Katy Perry, yes.

APPLAUSE

That song, as you know, contains an example of the millennial whoop,

a term coined by the music blogger Patrick Metzger

to indicate a singer alternating between the fifth

and third notes of a major scale,

an especially pleasing feature of pop music of this decade.

So, coming up, three more millennial whoops.

Five points for each artist or group you can identify.

Firstly, I want the name of either artist

listed as collaborating in this song.

# Whoa-oa-oa-oa... #

This is Owl City and Carly Rae Jepsen, I think.

-Yeah.

-Carly Rae Jepsen.

Yes, the other one was Owl City or Adam Young.

Secondly, this group...

# Until you go-o-o-o. #

-I think this is Chvrches.

-Chvrches.

-Chvrches.

Chvrches.

Correct. And, finally, this group.

# Dance while we're young Oh-oh-oh-oh... #

Oh, this is One Direction. One Direction.

One Direction is right.

Cardiff, there's still plenty of time to get going.

APPLAUSE Ten points at stake for this.

In the 1960s, which London-born artist evolved the op art style

through which she explores the dynamic potential

of optical phenomenon?

An example of her work is the Fall in the collection of the Tate.

Tracey Emin.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Southampton?

It's Bridget Riley.

Another starter question now.

What six-letter word links a mould from which a piece of type is made

in printing, a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows

and columns in mathematics...?

Matrix.

Matrix is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, let's crack on with it if you're going to get back on terms.

Your bonuses are on Doris Day, Cardiff.

In Alfred Hitchcock's 1956 film The Man Who Knew Too Much,

which song performed by Doris Day

won the Academy Award for the Best Original Song?

Any ideas at all?

I haven't got any.

-COLLERAN:

-What was the film called?

The song's by Doris Day. I guess if we know it, we know it,

if we don't, we don't.

We're going to pass, sorry.

It's Que Sera, Sera.

Doris Day, secondly, gained her only Academy Award nomination

for the 1959 film Pillow Talk.

Who was her co-star playing the composer and playboy Brad Allen?

Actors in 1959.

Anyone?

-I'm going to guess.

-Warren Beatty.

-Who, sorry?

-Warren Beatty.

Warren Beatty.

No, he's much younger. It's Rock Hudson.

And, finally, in 1987, Doris Day founded a charity to educate

and influence legislation in what general area?

-Women's rights?

-Yeah, go with women's rights.

-Women's rights?

Women's rights.

No, it's animal welfare or animal protection.

10 points for this. What five-letter word

follows salt and long in events of the 1930s associated with...?

March.

March is correct. Well done. APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Cardiff, are on estates with landscapes designed

by the 18th-century gardener Capability Brown.

In each case, name the estate from the description.

Firstly, built in the early 18th century for John Churchill,

first Duke of Marlborough, the UNESCO world Heritage site

that was the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill.

Blenheim Palace.

Correct. Secondly, built in 1594 by Sir Walter Raleigh,

the castle in Dorset that is the ancestral home

of the Wingfield Digby family.

Dorset castles.

-What was it?

-Yeah, try that.

-What was it?

-CALLERAN:

-I didn't say anything.

Paul Castle.

No, it's Sherborne Castle.

And, finally, home to the Carnarvon family,

the Hampshire estate that doubled as the residence

of the fictional Crawley family in the television series Downton Abbey.

Grantham?

Grantham House.

-I thought it was just Downton Abbey. I don't know.

-No?

Grantham House.

No, it's Highclere Castle. Ten points for this. In 1817,

who published The History of the Island of Java,

where he'd served as Lieutenant Governor

during a brief period of British rule?

Intent on developing British trade in eastern Asia,

he later founded the Port of Singapore.

Mountbatten.

No.

Raffles.

Sir Stamford Raffles is correct.

So you get a set of bonuses this time...

APPLAUSE ..on the human skeleton.

From the Latin for loin, what name denotes the five vertebrae

that lie between the ribcage and the pelvis?

Wait, yeah.

Lumbar.

Lumbar is correct.

Secondly, what name is given to C1,

the uppermost cervical vertebra at the top of the spine

which supports the skull and is articulated above

with the occipital bone.

Atlas.

Correct. Finally, how many thoracic vertebrae

are usually found in the human spine?

-12.

-12.

12 is correct. APPLAUSE

Right, another picture round now.

For your picture starter, you're going to see a photograph

of a tourist attraction in North America.

For 10 points I want you to identify its principal architect.

Buckminster Fuller.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

That was the Montreal Biosphere which was initially designed by

Buckminster Fuller for the 1967 Montreal World's Fair.

Your picture bonuses, three more tourist attractions

that are relics of world fairs.

I want the name of the city in which each is located.

Firstly, for five, this is in which European city?

Does it look like Barcelona? It looks Spanish to me.

-COWELL:

-Yeah, Spanish.

-COLLERAN:

-There's a fountain in Barcelona.

There's a fountain in Barcelona, encouraging. Erm...

-Shall we go with it?

-COWELL:

-Yeah.

Barcelona.

-It is Barcelona.

-Oh.

-It's the National Palace and Magic Fountain.

Secondly, this is in which Asian city?

-Any thoughts?

-Taipei?

-Taipei?

-COWELL:

-I was thinking Tokyo, but...

-You think Tokyo?

-I'm thinking Tokyo but go for Taipei if you want.

Vote. Dan, Taipei or Tokyo?

-CONWAY:

-Taipei.

-OK. Taipei.

No, that's Shanghai.

It's the China Pavilion in the 2010 Shanghai Expo.

And, finally, this is in which European city?

It's the Atomium, but where is it?

I think it's in Belgium somewhere.

-Belgian cities?

-Brussels.

-Brussels.

-COWELL:

-There's Bruges.

-I don't think it's Bruges.

-Just go for Brussels.

Brussels.

Brussels is correct. It is the Atomium, yes.

APPLAUSE

Built for the 1958 World Fair.

And here we go with 10 points at stake for this.

In the preface to his Three Plays for Puritans,

what term did George...?

George Bernard Shaw. Sorry.

No, you lose five points.

What term did George Bernard Shaw coin to denote what

he perceived to be excessive adulation of William Shakespeare?

One of you can buzz.

-I don't think we will.

-You don't think you will.

-Nope.

-All right.

It's bardolatry.

10 points for this.

Which city links the bear, the hen and the queen

in a group of six symphonies by Hayden?

Vienna.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Southampton?

London. London.

No, it's Paris.

10 points for this.

The name of which eponymous instrument follows The Bastille

and The Constitution in the titles of volumes

of Thomas Carlyle's history of the French Revolution?

Clarinet.

No.

One of you buzz.

Contrabassoon.

No, it's the guillotine. LAUGHTER

10 points for this.

Which US President was in office at the time of the deaths

of the Soviet leaders Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov

and Konstantin Chernenko.

Ronald Reagan.

Correct.

APPLAUSE You get a set of bonuses now.

They're on US presidents. In each case,

name the monarch of Great Britain who acceded to the throne

during the presidency of the following.

Firstly, for five points, James Monroe.

1820s...

1820.

-1820s?

-So, George IV.

-George IV?

-LEDESMA:

-Go with that.

George IV.

Correct.

Secondly, Andrew Jackson.

Probably Queen Victoria. It was 1830s.

Queen Victoria.

No, that was William IV in 1830.

And, finally, William Howard Taft.

Edward VII, I think.

-LEDESMA:

-Taft was...

-JONES:

-He's about 1900.

-1900s, OK.

-Edward the...

-Edward VII.

-VII?

-Yes.

Edward VII.

No, it was George V.

Right, there's about two and three quarters minutes to go.

10 points for this.

In logic, what property of an argument

is based on the fact that the truth of the premises

logically guarantees the truth at the conclusion?

Coherence.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Southampton?

Certainty.

No, it's validity. 10 points for this.

In ornithology, what birds of the Anatidae family

may be whooper, bewick's or mute?

Swan.

Swan is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on astronomy, Southampton.

In the Morgan-Keenan spectral classification of stars,

what letter designates a star with spectral signatures

of highly ionised silicon and nitrogen

and an effective temperature of 40,000 Kelvin?

-You were reading up on stars last night.

-I know. Erm...

-M?

-I don't know, but...

M.

No, it's O.

And what letter denotes stars with effective surface temperatures

from about 7,500 to 10,000 Kelvin?

-P?

-What did you say?

-Start with P, it's after O. I don't know.

P.

No, it's A.

And, finally, what letter denotes the spectral class of our sun?

THEY WHISPER

-C?

-I have no idea.

-KNIGHTON:

-Maybe C.

-OK. C.

No, it's G. Ten points for this.

From the Greek for crescent, what term denotes the curve

in the surface of a liquid caused by surface tension...?

Meniscus.

Meniscus is right.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on sparkling wine.

Which town in Piedmont has given its name to a sparkling wine

made from the Moscato Bianco grape?

Yeah, prosecco.

Prosecco.

It's Asti.

And, secondly,

what four-letter German term denotes quality sparkling wine?

Brut, is that German? I thought that was French.

I don't know.

I don't know anything about...

HE WHISPERS

I'm just going to say although it's not German. Brut.

It's Sekt.

And, finally, what Catalan word can mean cellar

and denotes a Spanish sparkling wine,

the great majority of which is produced in Catalonia.

-What were you going to say?

-JONES:

-No, Cava, Cava.

-LEDESMA:

-I was going to say Bodega...

-JONES:

-Cava.

Cava.

Cava is correct. APPLAUSE

10 points for this.

In the standard model of particle physics,

what flavour of quark has the lowest mass and the shortest name?

Up.

Up is correct. You get a set of bonuses this time

on the Nobel Peace Prize. APPLAUSE

In each case, give the decade in which the following

all received the prize.

First, Fridtjof Nansen, Austen Chamberlain

and Charles Gates Dawes.

Austen Chamberlain, dates-ish.

I don't know. I'm guessing late 1800s...

-LEDESMA:

-No, Nobel Prize wasn't... Nobel Prize would be after that.

-1920?

-Go for it.

1920s.

It was the 1920s.

Secondly, Lech Walesa, Desmond Tutu and the 14th Dalai Lama.

-1980s.

-Yeah.

-JONES:

-I think so.

1980s.

Correct. Finally... GONG

APPLAUSE

Now that's the gong. Cardiff have 40 points

but the University of Southampton have 280.

Well, you never got much of a chance to show us

what you're made of, Cardiff.

Although you've got certainly the best bow tie

we've ever had on University challenge.

-Thank you.

-Congratulations.

Southampton, well done to you, 280 is a terrific score.

We shall look forward to seeing you

in the next stage of the competition.

Thank you very much for joining us.

I hope you can join us next time for another first-round match.

But until then, it's goodbye from Cardiff University...

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-It's goodbye from Southampton University... ALL:

-Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me, goodbye.

APPLAUSE