Episode 2 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Two more teams are at the start of a journey

which might last several months over numerous matches,

and which could culminate with them lifting the Champions' Trophy

to deafening cheers.

Or it could all end tonight.

Now, Trinity College, Cambridge was founded by Henry VIII

in the mid-16th century,

and it's now one of the University's biggest and richest colleges.

Its 17th-century Great Court famously tempts students to

try to run around it in less time than it takes the college's

clock to strike 12. LAUGHTER

That is, when they're not spending time in the library

designed by Sir Christopher Wren.

A long list of alumni includes Isaac Newton, the philosopher

Francis Bacon, the poets Marvell, Dryden, Byron and Tennyson,

and more recently, the actor Eddie Redmayne,

the comedian and presenter Mel Giedroyc,

and, of course, the teams who won this competition in 1995 and 2014.

With an average age of 21 and representing around 1,000 students,

let's meet the Trinity Cambridge team.

Hi, I'm Matthew Kingston,

I'm from green Ireland, in County Antrim,

and I study physics.

Hi, I'm Owen Petrie, I'm from Clawddnewydd in north Wales

and I'm studying for a PhD in applied maths.

And this is their captain.

I'm Maya Bear, I'm from London and I'm reading English.

Hi, I'm Rahu Dev, I'm from Chiswick in west London,

and I'm studying history.

APPLAUSE

Bristol University dates back to

the observation of the 19th-century headmaster John Percival of

Clifton College that the provinces lacked a university culture.

Benjamin Jowett, master of Balliol College, Oxford,

took up the cause and won the support of the local Fry family,

of chocolate fame,

and later, of the Wills family, of tobacco notoriety,

which helped secure the Royal Charter in 1909.

Alumni include the actors Emily Watson, Simon Pegg

and David Walliams, the commentator Will Hutton

and the broadcaster Sue Lawley.

With an average age of 22,

and representing over 21,000 students,

let's meet the Bristol team.

Hi, I'm Oliver Bowes from Market Harborough in Leicestershire,

and I'm studying music.

Hi, I'm Kirsty Biggs, I'm originally from Southampton,

and I'm doing a PhD in mathematics.

And this is their captain.

Hi, I'm Sam Hosegood, I'm from Bedford and I do chemical physics.

Hi, I'm Tom Hewett, I'm from Stroud in Gloucestershire,

and I'm studying English.

APPLAUSE

Well, the rules are constant as the Northern Star,

so it's ten points for starter questions,

which are solo efforts, answer on the buzzer.

And bonuses are worth 15, which are team efforts.

Now, fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

What natural phenomenon links a 1915 novel by DH Lawrence,

a 1998 work by Richard Dawkins whose title...?

Rainbow.

Rainbow is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

Three questions on a number for the first set of bonuses, Bristol.

What nickname did its publicist Emil Gutmann give

to Mahler's Symphony No 8 in E flat major,

first performed in full in Munich in 1910?

You do music.

I'd go with Titan.

Titan.

No, it was the Symphony Of A Thousand.

Garibaldi's Expedition Of The Thousand

landed at the port of Marsala in May 1860,

and later led to the overthrow of which kingdom of southern Italy?

Is it...

-Papal States?

-Papal States.

-Naples.

-Naples?

Naples.

-No, it's the Kingdom Of The Two Sicilies.

-Oh.

And named after the British Major General, Wolf Island is the

largest of the group known as the Thousand Islands,

located within which river?

Amazon, maybe...?

Or Canada...

Canada, OK.

So, Yukon, or...? What do you reckon?

Yukon.

No, it's the Saint Lawrence River in Canada.

Ten points for this.

"Thank God I should have lived to witness a day

"in which England is willing to give 20 million sterling

"for the abolition of slavery."

These were the words of which parliamentarian,

shortly before his death in 1833?

Pitt the Younger.

No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

Trinity?

William Wilberforce?

Correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses, Trinity College,

on dogs in children's literature.

Firstly, which eponymous dog features in the 1956 novel

by the US author Fred Gibson?

Adopted as a stray by the young Travis Coates,

he saves Travis's family on numerous occasions

before his death after contracting rabies.

-Lassie...?

-I don't know...

-No, she's a girl.

Do you have any ideas?

Lassie.

No, it's Old Yeller.

Secondly, 1963 saw the first of a series of children's books

by Norman Bridwell, the hero of which soon became a mascot

for the Scholastic Books publishing company.

What is the name of the big, red dog?

Clifford.

Correct.

In the first of the Harry Potter books,

what is the name of the giant, three-headed dog

guarding the Philosopher's Stone in Hogwarts school...?

-Fluffy.

-Fluffy is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, ten points for this.

What non-orientable surface was the form of a conveyor belt

patented by the US industrialist BF Goodrich...?

Mobius strip.

Mobius strip is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on physics.

Firstly, Gong, the Global Oscillation Network Group,

is a programme studying the internal structural dynamics of what body?

Um...

I can't remember.

What body...?

Um... The sun.

Correct. LAUGHTER

Chime, the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment,

is designed to study the traces of primordial cosmic waves

in hydrogen gas by detecting what form of electromagnetic radiation?

Microwave.

It's radio waves.

And finally, Haarp,

the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Programme,

has been used to transmit radio waves to study the behaviour

of what specific region of the Earth's atmosphere?

Um... I don't know.

The stratosphere.

No, it's the ionosphere, the specific term I wanted.

Right, ten points for this.

JD Salinger's The Catcher In The Rye refers to which of Dickens's

characters in its opening sentence?

David Copperfield.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on the cricketer Hanif Mohammad,

who died in August 2016.

In 1958, Hanif made 337 for Pakistan against the West Indies

in what was the longest Test innings.

For how many minutes did he bat?

You can have 10% either way.

A few hundred...?

-Yeah.

-Um...

Rough guess?

700.

700.

No, it's 970 so I can't accept that.

Hanif had three brothers who played Test cricket for Pakistan.

Name any one of the three.

All of Pakistan's first 101 Tests featured at least

one of the four brothers.

So, Hanif...

Mohammed.

Um...

Mohsin.

-Nominate Hewett.

-Mohsin?

No, they were Wazir, Mushtaq and Sadiq.

And finally, in 1959, Hanif scored 499

for Karachi against Bahawalpur.

This was the highest first-class individual score until 1994,

when it was broken by which west Indian?

Brian Lara?

Correct, yes. APPLAUSE

OK, I think it's time for a picture round, now.

For your picture starter, you're going to see

an artist's impression of the entrance to a public lavatory.

LAUGHTER For ten points, I want you

to identify the language in which the signs are written.

Welsh.

It is Welsh, yes.

APPLAUSE

The signs, of course, said "Men" and "Women".

For your picture bonuses, you'll see toilet signs

in three more languages. LAUGHTER

Again, in each case, I simply want you to identify the language.

Firstly, for five, this Mediterranean language.

Turkish.

Turkish is correct. Secondly, this European language.

-Hungarian?

-Maybe.

-Hungarian?

-No, it's Albanian.

And finally, a European language.

-Could that be, like...?

-That could be Hungarian.

I don't know, it looks too much...

It looks too Latinate to be Hungarian cos it's got "femei".

-Yeah.

-Could it be, like, Macedonian?

-Macedonian.

-No, it's Romanian.

Ten points for this.

What collective name has been given to these figures?

The first carried a bow and was given a crown,

the second was given a sword...

-Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.

-That's correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on potatoes in art, Bristol.

Largely abstract, although derived from a female figure,

Potato is a work of 1928 by which Spanish artist?

Born in Barcelona in 1893,

he's commonly associated with the surrealist movement.

Dali.

-Dali.

-No, it wasn't, it was Miro.

The Potato Harvest is an oil painting of 1885

by which French artist?

One of the founders of the Barbizon school,

his other notable works include The Angelus.

THEY WHISPER

Marcel Duchamp.

No, it's Millet.

And finally, The Potato Eaters is an oil painting of 1885 by

which artist who was born in Zundert in The Netherlands?

Dutch. Rembrandt? 1885, too late. No, it's too late.

Vermeer, maybe. Vermeer?

-No, in 1885, no, it's Van Gogh.

-Oh!

Ten points for this. Answer promptly.

Name any two of the four chemical elements discovered by

William Hyde Wollaston and Smithson Tennant

in the early years of the 19th century.

All four are in the platinum group.

Iridium and palladium.

Correct. The other two are osmium and rhodium.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on films about writer's block, Bristol.

The 1987 film Throw Momma From The Train starred

Billy Crystal as a creative writing teacher suffering

from writer's block and marked the directorial debut of which actor?

These bonuses are not going well!

Tom Hanks.

-Tom Hanks?

-No, it was Danny DeVito.

Secondly for five points, the 1991 Palme d'Or winner,

Barton Fink, in which the eponymous playwright

suffers from an acute block, was born out of the Coen brothers'

struggle with the making of which film of 1990?

It stars Gabriel Byrne and John Turturro.

The Big Lebowski or something like that? Are you sure?

I think that might be them. The Big Lebowski?

No, I think that was later. It was Miller's Crossing.

And finally, the 2004 film Secret Window stars

Johnny Depp as a blocked writer and is an adaptation of the novella

Secret Window, Secret Garden by which US author?

THEY WHISPER

-Truman Capote.

-Truman Capote?

No, it's Stephen King.

Ten points for this.

The works of the US author Walter Tevis include the novels

The Hustler and The Color Of Money,

as well as which science fiction novel of 1963?

It formed the basis of a film of 1976,

directed by Nicholas Roeg and starring David Bowie.

-The Man Who Fell To Earth.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time are on

Lloyd George's coalition government, Trinity.

Who was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in December 1916?

Born in Canada, he was briefly Prime Minister in 1922 and '23.

-Bonar Law.

-Bonar Law.

Bonar Law is right.

Secondly, the half-brother of a future Prime Minister,

who was Secretary of State for India from 1915-17?

He was a joint winner of the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for his role

in bringing about the Locarno Pact.

-Locarno Pact...

-Austen Chamberlain.

-Austen Chamberlain.

Correct. Which former Prime Minister

became Foreign Secretary in December 1916?

The following year, he issued a declaration in favour

of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.

-Balfour.

-Balfour.

It was Arthur James Balfour, yes.

APPLAUSE

Giving you the lead. And we're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of classical music.

Ten points if you can name the composer.

FRENCH HORN PLAYS

-Mozart.

-Mozart's Horn Concerto is correct.

APPLAUSE

You're going to hear three more pieces of music in which

horns feature prominently. In each case, simply name the composer.

First, the composer of this piece...

HORN PLAYS

Haydn.

It is Haydn, his Horn Concerto in D.

And secondly...

BRASS INSTRUMENTS PLAY

Mahler.

Mahler?

It is Gustav Mahler, Symphony No 1. And finally, this...

HARPSICHORD AND STRINGS ACCOMPANY HORNS

Bach.

It is Bach, yes, the Brandenburg Concerto No 1.

APPLAUSE

Right, ten points for this.

Which decade saw the completion of Saint Anselm's Monologion,

the Seljuk defeat at...?

-1080.

-No. You lose five points.

The Seljuk defeat at the Byzantine Empire at the Battle

of Manzikert, Emperor Henry IV's penance at Canossa

and the Revolt of the Earls against William the Conqueror.

The 11th.

No, it's the 1070s,

so we're going to take another starter question now.

What two-word collective name is given to Mintaka,

Alnilam and Alnitak?

They form part of a constellation named after a figure sometimes

identified as a son of Poseidon.

Orion's Belt?

Correct. APPLAUSE

You get three questions on the Victorian writer

and illustrator Kate Greenaway.

A noted illustration by Greenaway depicts angelic children

following which distinctive figure?

The title character of a narrative poem by Robert Browning.

-Pied Piper.

-The Pied Piper.

Correct.

In the 1880s, Greenaway became a protege of which leading art critic?

One biographer notes that her images of young girls ministered

to his obsession for Rose La Touche, who was nearly 30 years his junior.

Was that John Ruskin? I'm not sure.

-John Ruskin?

-It is.

In a 1952 story, which enduring children's character is dragooned

into wearing what he calls a green cataway costume for a village event?

It's torn to rags by a Scottie and a mastiff.

Just William.

Just William.

It is Just William, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, another starter question now.

Mentioned in the Avesta and the biblical Book of Tobit,

the city of Rey, known in Latin as Rhagae,

was a predecessor of which populous world capital?

It's located about 100km south of the Caspian Sea.

Tehran.

Tehran is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses are on biology this time, Bristol.

From the Greek for wave-writer,

what instrument consists of a revolving drum on which a pen

moves, recording changes in various physiological measurements?

-A spirograph or something like that.

-A spirograph.

No, it's a kymograph.

Secondly, what does a sphygmomanometer measure?

THEY LAUGH

Um...

-What?

-I don't know.

-It's biology.

-Oh, yeah.

-Blood alcohol level.

-No, it's blood pressure.

And finally, a myograph measures the force

produced by contraction in what body tissue?

-The eye?

-No, it's muscle. Ten points for this.

In the abbreviation HDL cholesterol, for what do the letters HDL...?

High density lipoprotein.

That's correct, or high density lipid.

CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on King Zog of Albania.

Firstly for five points,

after serving as president for several years,

Ahmed Bey Zogu proclaimed himself King of Albania during which decade?

-1930s.

-1930s.

No, it was the 1920s, 1928, to be precise.

Zog's regime drew heavily on the myth of which Albanian

national hero, born in 1405?

He's known in Turkish as Iskender Bey.

Who knows any Albanian national hero?

Alexander, but...

Alexander who?

-King Alexander?

-King Alexander.

No, it's Skanderbeg.

Zog went into exile in 1939

when Albania became a protectorate of which country?

-Italy.

-Italy.

Italy is correct.

Ten points for this.

Of which artistic movement did Kenneth Clark say

"they did not set out to be popular.

"On the contrary, they became resigned to public ridicule,

"but in the end they achieved a modest measure of success"?

Pop art.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Bristol?

-Impressionists.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on cosmology this time.

In 1931, which astronomer at the Catholic University of Leuven

in Belgium published a paper on the primeval atom,

usually cited as the first assertion of the Big Bang theory?

Oh, who was the Big Bang theory?

Oh, I should know that.

THEY WHISPER

No, pass, sorry.

That was Georges Lemaitre.

Lemaitre later spoke of the vanished brilliance of

the origin of the world.

Patrick Moore likened this vanished brilliance to what

form of radiation, known by the abbreviation CMB?

Cosmic microwave background, yeah. Cosmic microwave background.

Correct.

CMB radiation was discovered accidentally by the US scientists

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson during which decade?

1940s or something like that?

-1940s?

-No, it's the 1960s.

We're going to take a second picture round.

For your picture starter, you're going to see a political cartoon.

For ten points, I want you to identify the two figures depicted.

George III and Napoleon Bonaparte.

That's correct.

APPLAUSE

That 1803 cartoon, depicting George III as the King of Brobdingnag

from Swift's Gulliver's Travels, was by James Gillray,

who has been called the father of the political cartoon, as you know.

For your bonuses, you're going to see three more of his cartoons.

Firstly, who's the political figure depicted prominently here?

-Pitt the Younger.

-Pitt the Younger, yeah?

-Yeah.

-Pitt the Younger?

That is Pitt the Younger.

And secondly, who's the political writer

and theorist depicted on the right?

He riding Britannia?

-John Locke, maybe?

-John Locke?

-Go for it, yeah.

-John Locke?

-No, it's Thomas Paine.

He was often depicted as a corset maker to discredit him.

Finally, what event is depicted here?

Some helpful wording has been nicely removed.

-Is that the Battle of the Nile?

-No, the Battle of the Nile.

-Oh, no, sorry, Battle of the Nile, yeah.

-It's crocodiles.

-The Battle of the Nile.

-It is the Battle of the Nile,

The Extirpation Of The Plagues Of Egypt.

Right, ten points for this.

"Though I am not naturally honest, I am so sometimes by chance."

Which play by Shakespeare includes those words

of the roguish Autolycus?

-The Winter's Tale.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on European history, Bristol.

In each case, give the century in which the named monarchs held power.

Firstly, King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway,

Charles I of Spain

and William the Silent of The Netherlands.

-Century?

-Yeah, century.

-15th.

-The 15th.

No, it was the 16th century, the 1500s.

Secondly, King Philip VI of France, Peter I of Portugal

and Dmitriy Donskoi of Russia.

-Shall I just go 17th?

-Yeah.

-17th?

-No, that was the 14th century.

And finally, King Gustaf V of Sweden, Haakon VII of Norway

and Boris III of Bulgaria.

-20th.

-The 20th?

Correct. Four minutes to go. Ten points for this.

In physics, what seven-letter term describes one of two or more

atomic nuclei that contain the same number of neutrons...

-Isotone.

-Isotone is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on paradoxes, Bristol.

"The slower will never be overtaken by the quicker" is one formulation

of a paradox named after which Greek philosopher of the fifth century BC?

Zeno.

Correct.

The Greek seer Epimenides is associated with the liar's paradox.

This commonly refers to inhabitants of which island?

Crete.

Correct. "I know that I know nothing."

These words state a paradox usually named after which

Greek philosopher who died in 399 BC?

399, that was Socrates.

-Socrates.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

The name of which country appears within words meaning

"underwater breathing apparatus" and to "keep eggs warm"?

-Cuba.

-Cuba is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

You get three bonuses on science, Bristol.

What is the predominant geometric shape of cross-sections of

the columns of basalt such as those that form the Giant's Causeway?

-Is that a hexagon?

-Hexagon.

I think it is.

-A hexagon.

-Correct.

What is the sum of the internal angles of a regular hexagon?

THEY WHISPER

-720.

-Correct.

The polar cloud of which planet has been observed to form

a hexagonal vortex?

Oh...

Venus, maybe?

-Venus?

-No, it's Saturn.

There are two minutes to go and ten points for this.

Which alkali feldspar mineral

appears on the Mohs scale of hardness...?

Orthoclase feldspar.

That is correct, yes.

Your bonuses this time are on words or names that end in the letter I.

In each case, give the word from the definition.

All three answers have the same number of letters.

First, the surname of the track athlete known as The Flying Finn.

He won nine gold medals in the Olympics during the 1920s.

Pass.

That was Nurmi.

Secondly, Chinese ideographs that are used in Japanese writing

in addition to the kana syllabary.

-Kanji.

-Correct.

Finally, a hoofed mammal with striped legs that's a close relative

of the giraffe.

-Okapi.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

Answer in English or German.

Which loose association of 39 states was formed at the Congress of Vienna

in 1815 to replace the Holy Roman Empire?

Confederation of the Rhine.

No, anyone want to buzz from Trinity quickly?

It's the Deutscher Bund, or German Confederation.

Ten points for this.

Gondar, Mekele and Dire Dawa

are among the cities of which African country?

It's the world's most populous landlocked sovereign state.

Nigeria?

No, anyone want to buzz from Trinity?

Ethiopia.

Ethiopia is correct.

Nigeria is not landlocked.

A set of bonuses on monasteries for you.

Referring to sections of monastic rules that were read aloud,

what two-word term denotes a formal meeting room in a monastery?

-Pass.

-It's a chapter house.

What six-letter term denotes the communal dining room of a monastery?

It is also the Latin for brother.

-Frater.

-Correct.

What is a reredorter?

The ruined priory of Castle Acre in Norfolk, for example,

has one of the best-preserved examples in England.

-Pass.

-They were lavatories.

Ten points for this. Answer promptly with a single word.

What is the second noun in the first line of Milton's Paradise Lost?

Disobedience.

Disobedience is correct. You get a set of bonuses...

GONG And that's the gong.

Trinity College, Cambridge have 95, but Bristol University have 230.

Well, bad luck, Trinity. You didn't disgrace yourselves, it's fine.

Bristol, you were on fire - it was a terrific performance.

We shall look forward to seeing you in round two.

I hope you can join us next time for another first-round match,

but until then, it's goodbye from Trinity College, Cambridge...

-Goodbye.

-..it's goodbye from Bristol University...

-Goodbye.

-..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.