Episode 7 University Challenge

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello.

The first-round matches continue tonight with one of

Oxford's smaller colleges playing

a heavyweight London university.

Whichever team prevails will earn a place in the second round,

and if the losers can get themselves among the four highest-scoring

losing teams from these first-round matches,

they too could play again.

Unlike its Cambridge namesake,

which has appeared on this series on numerous occasions,

Trinity College, Oxford, was last here in 2006.

It was founded in the mid-16th century as a training house

for Catholic priests by Sir Thomas Pope,

a privy counsellor to Mary Tudor, but it later became a pillar

of the Anglican establishment under Elizabeth I.

It boasts an impressive old library dating to around 1420,

a garden quad designed by Sir Christopher Wren

and a formal hall requiring

the wearing of gowns five nights a week.

Alumni include Cardinal Newman,

the playwright Terence Rattigan, the MP Jacob Rees-Mogg

and in fiction, F Scott Fitzgerald's

Jay Gatsby claimed to have gone there.

Representing 430 students,

with an average age of 19, let's meet the Trinity, Oxford, team.

Hi, I Maxim. I'm from Olney,

in Buckinghamshire, and I'm reading for a BA in history and politics.

Hi, I'm Nicole.

I'm for Hertfordshire and I'm studying maths.

This is their captain.

Hi, I'm James. I'm from Melbourne, Australia,

and I'm studying classics.

Hi, I'm Ben. I'm from Hadlow, in Kent,

and I'm studying philosophy, politics and economics.

APPLAUSE

Now, University College London was established in 1826

by the poet Thomas Campbell

and the lawyer Henry Brougham with the aim of opening education

in England for the first time to students of any race or religion.

Its spiritual father, Jeremy Bentham,

condemned Oxford and Cambridge,

the only English universities at the time,

as "the two public nuisances -

"storehouses and nurseries of political corruption,"

and his remains are famously housed within the college.

Alumni include Mahatma Gandhi, the philosopher John Stuart Mill,

the birth-control pioneer Marie Stopes

and all the members of Coldplay.

Representing around 38,000 students, with an average age of 22,

-let's meet the team.

-Hi, I'm Tom.

I'm from Whitchurch, in Hampshire,

and I'm studying for a BA in history.

Hi, I'm Charlie. I'm from Chelmsford,

and I'm sending for an MSc in neuroscience.

-This is their captain.

-Hi, I'm Robert Gray.

I'm from Kings upon Thames, I'm doing a PhD in cell biology.

Hi, I'm Omar Raii.

I'm originally from Kabul and I study mathematics.

OK, the rules are the same as ever.

Starter questions are solo efforts.

They have to be answered on the buzzer.

They're worth ten points.

And bonuses are team efforts worth 15.

So, fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

Coined in the 1970s, what nine-letter term

indicates the phenomenon in which the moon appears to be

unusually large in the sky?

Super moon.

Super moon is right. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on patience, Trinity.

"One of the most notable examples of what can be achieved

"by patience without much in the way of genius,"

these words of Bertrand Russell refer to which German astronomer

born 1571?

German astronomers?

-Hegel?

-Pardon?

-Hegel?

-Astronomer.

-That's not an astronomer.

-Kepler, but he's not...

-No, he's not German.

-What about Herschel, where is he from?

-Want to say Herschel?

-I reckon he's later, but go on.

-OK. Herschel.

No, it was Kepler. THEY GROAN

"Patience and time are my warriors, my champions."

In which novel of the late 1860s does General Kutuzov

make that observation?

-I think that's War And Peace.

-War And Peace.

Correct.

"She sat like patience on a monument, smiling at grief.

"Was not this love indeed?"

In which of Shakespeare's plays does Viola say those words?

Oh, I guess that's me.

Comedies...

You've got Viola. Something like...

Twelfth Night, that kind of thing?

I always get those mixed up.

-Do you want to just go with that, then?

-Yeah.

Twelfth Night?

It is Twelfth Night, yes.

Ten points for this.

Called by the French philosopher Auguste Comte

in the mid-19th century,

what term...?

-Sociology?

-No, you lose five points.

What term is defined as the disinterested or selfless concern

for the wellbeing of others,

especially as a principle of action and as opposed...?

-Altruism?

-Altruism is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on an American organisation.

Firstly, for five.

In 1871, the Union veterans Colonel William C Church

and George Wingate founded which association?

Its primary goal was to promote and encourage shooting

on a scientific basis.

-The NRA?

-Yeah.

-The NRA.

The National Rifle Association is correct, yes.

In 2000, which Oscar-winning actor and NRA president taunted

opposing organisations with his declaration that they could

have his gun when they prised it, "from my cold, dead hands"?

-Clint Eastwood, isn't it?

-Clint Eastwood?

He'd be mortified. No, it's Charlton Heston.

And finally, which film-maker became a lifetime member of the NRA

in order to run against Heston as the organisation's president?

His works include the documentary Bowling For Columbine.

-Michael Moore. It's Michael Moore.

-Yeah.

-Michael Moore.

Correct. Ten points for this.

Andrea Wulf's 2016 work, The Invention Of Nature, concerns

the life of which naturalist and explorer born in Berlin in 1769?

-Alexander von Humboldt.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses are on recipients of the Royal Society's

Hughs Medal, awarded in recognition of original discoveries

in the physical sciences. In each case,

identify the recipient from the citation.

Firstly, the 1942 recipient for his outstanding contributions

to the knowledge of the electrical structure of matter,

his work in quantum theory and his experimental studies of the neutron.

-BOTH:

-Chadwick.

-Chadwick?

-No, it's Enrico Fermi.

Secondly, the 1929 recipient for his invention

and development of methods of counting alpha and beta particles.

THEY WHISPER

No idea. I think that's right. Geiger?

Hans Geiger is right.

And finally, the 1913 recipient for his share in the invention

of the telephone and more especially the construction

of the telephone receiver.

-Graham Bell.

-Bell?

Alexander Graham Bell is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE Ten points for this.

In which ancient land of Western Anatolia were the first coins

thought to have been created in the 7th century BC?

The same word is the given name of Miss Languish

in Sheridan's The Rivals

and of a sister of Elizabeth...

-Lydia?

-Lydia is correct.

These bonuses are on an allegorical poem, Trinity.

John Dryden's verse satire Absalom And Achitophel

represents contemporary public figures under biblical names.

In the poem, King David is generally held to represent

which royal figure?

-So it's 17th century.

-Mm-hm.

-So...

-Charles I, isn't it? No...

Charles I because it's...

-Charles I.

-Charles I?

No, it's Charles II. THEY GROAN

Secondly, the character of Cora represents which renegade priest,

the fabricator of the 1678 Popish plot?

-Any idea?

-John Fisher, just random guess.

-John Fisher?

No, it's Titus Oates.

And finally, the title figure Absalom represents

which of Charles's illegitimate sons?

Four years after the poem's publication, he was executed,

following a failed rebellion.

I'm trying to think of his...

Richmond or something? The Earl of Richmond?

No, it was the Duke of Monmouth.

Right, we're going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see a map showing

the distribution of rocks from a particular geological period.

Ten points if you can name the period.

Silurian.

Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

Cambrian?

No, it's Carboniferous, so we'll take the picture bonuses

in a moment or two. Ten points at stake for this starter question.

Fingers on the buzzers, please.

"Sculpture to me is primitive, religious, passionate and magical."

These are the words of which 20th-century British artist?

A fellow student of Henry Moore at Leeds College of Art,

her home at St Ives is now...

-Barbara Hepworth?

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

So you get the picture bonuses.

We follow on from that map of carboniferous rocks which

you failed to identify with picture bonuses - three more outline maps

showing the distribution of rocks of a particular geological period.

Again, I simply need the period in each case. Firstly, this.

It's not going to be Jurassic, like the Jurassic Coast.

It could be... Ordovician?

-OK.

-Go for it.

-Yeah, maybe that?

-Ordovician?

-No, that's Devonian.

And secondly, this period.

-That's Cambrian.

-Cambrian, you think?

-Cambrian.

Cambria is in Wales, so it can't be Cambrian.

-Permian?

-I don't know...

-They're quite old, aren't they?

-Permian?

-No, that's Jurassic. And finally this period.

Oh, this is the chalk, isn't it?

It's all chalk, so what's chalk going to be?

Aside from "Calciriferous" or something like that.

-That isn't one.

-Um...

-Cretaceous?

-Cretaceous, yeah, good shout.

-Cretaceous?

-Correct.

Ten points for this.

The discovery of what particle in 1936 prompted the physicist

Isidor Isaac Rabi to say, "Who ordered that?"

It has a...

-The positron?

-No, you lose five points.

It has a half life of about two microseconds

and a mass of about 200 times that of the electron,

with the same charge and spin as the electron.

The anti-proton?

No, it's the muon. Ten points for this.

What is the original language of the literary works

known by the English titles The Book Of Disquiet,

The Elephant's Journey,

The Posthumous Memoirs Of Bras Cubas,

and The Lusiads?

Venetian?

No, anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

-Sanskrit?

-No, it's Portuguese.

Ten points for this.

Referring to a human activity,

what general name is given to fish of the order Lophiiformes,

which include several species in which males live as

permanent parasites on their mates? They're characterised by...

-Anglerfish?

-Anglerfish is right, yes.

Your bonuses this time, Trinity, are on a fruit.

Which tropical fruit is the most widely cultivated food crop

of the plants in the bromeliad family?

It's a source of the enzyme bromelain,

used as a meat tenderiser.

Mango or something?

-Mango?

-Go for it.

-Mango?

-No, it's pineapple.

Secondly, which park near Stirling

contains an elaborately sculpted giant stone pineapple,

constructed in the 18th century?

It forms a cupola of one of the buildings in its walled garden.

I've seen a photo of it.

I don't know. Pass.

It's Dunmore Park.

And finally, later arranged by Charles Mackerras,

the music to the ballet Pineapple Poll

was written by which English composer, born 1842?

SHE WHISPERS

-Elgar?

-That's a good shout. Go with Elgar.

-Elgar?

-No, it's Arthur Sullivan.

Ten points for this.

The American Alfred G Badger is particularly associated with

the manufacture in the 19th century of which musical instrument,

helping to popularise the new system of keying

developed by the German musician Theobald Boehm?

-Trumpet?

-No.

-One of you buzz.

-Saxophone?

No, it's the flute. Ten points for this.

What adjective links a 1919 work by HL Mencken,

a painting of 1930 by Grant Wood,

a novel of 1997 by Philip Roth, a film of 1999...

-American.

-American is correct, yes.

Right, your bonuses are on Ireland this time, UCL.

In each case, name the Irish county

that shares its name with the following.

Firstly, a Cambridge college founded in 1326

and named after a granddaughter of Edward I

and a follower of St Francis of Assisi

who founded The Order Of Poor Ladies and was canonised in 1255?

-Old Cambridge colleges. Pembroke, there's...

-No.

Irish counties. Cavan, Monaghan...

-Downing.

-Downing?

-Downing's not old enough.

-Peterhouse.

-Kerry?

-Sidney Sussex.

-Galway.

-Pembroke, go for that.

-Pembroke?

What, County Pembroke? That's in Wales, I think.

No, it's Clare. THEY GROAN

Secondly, a major Australian film director of the silent era

and a British peer noted for championing penal reform

and causes celebres?

-Australian film director?

-Of the silent era?

-Yeah.

The peer. Pick a county.

The... No, that's Northern Ireland.

-Social reform. Falconer?

-No, it's not Falconer.

-Donegal?

-Not going to be Donegal, surely?

-Donegal?

No, it's Longford.

And finally, a flavour of quark found in the neutron

and a physician noted for his description of the genetic disorder

caused by a third copy of chromosome 21?

-Down.

-Down is correct.

Another starter question.

Bruttium, or "Aga Brutius", was the name given in antiquity

to the area roughly corresponding to which present-day Italian region?

Having coastlines on both the Ionian and Tyrrhenian seas,

it occupies the so-called toe of the country.

-Calabria?

-Calabria is correct, yes.

Trinity, you get a set of bonuses on matrices.

Firstly, from the name of a French mathematician born in 1822,

what term is applied to a square matrix,

the elements of which are complex numbers,

and which is unchanged by taking the transpose of its complex conjugate?

-Go for it.

-Name a mathematician.

Cauchy.

-Cauchy?

-No, it's a Hermitian matrix.

Secondly, what name is given to a matrix with complex elements

whose inverse is equal to the transpose of its complex conjugate?

Transpose. Er...

-Unitary?

-Unitary?

Unitary is correct.

What term is commonly applied to the special case of a unitary matrix,

all of whose elements are real numbers?

-Orthogonal.

-Orthogonal?

-Correct.

It's about time we had some music,

so we're going to take a music starter.

An excerpt from a musical, ten points if you can give me

the title of the musical.

# Your hero in... #

-Hamilton.

-Hamilton is correct.

It's based on the life of the founding father

and first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton.

For your music bonuses, three more excerpts from that musical.

This time, in each case, I want you to tell me

the name of the historical character you can hear. Firstly...

# France is following us to revolution... #

Jefferson.

That is Thomas Jefferson. Secondly name the soloist here.

# Seven

# Confession time Here's what I've got... #

Aaron Burr. Aaron Burr?

It is Aaron Burr, yes,

the third vice president of the United States and Hamilton's killer.

And finally...

# You'll be back... #

-George III.

-George III is right, yes.

Have you seen it yet?

LAUGHTER

Right, ten points for this.

Which King of England defeated his older brother

in the Battle of Tinchebray in Normandy?

The defeated brother, Robert Curthose,

was imprisoned until his death...

-Henry I?

-Henry I is correct.

You get a set of bonuses on an animal, UCL.

"With monstrous head and sickening cry

"And ears like errant wings

"The devil's walking parody On all four-footed things."

These words from a poem by GK Chesterton refer to which animal?

-Was it an elephant?

-Yeah. Go for it.

-Elephant?

No, it's the donkey.

Secondly, which 14th-century French philosopher gives his name

to the dilemma of free will exemplified by an ass

unable to decide between two identical haystacks

from which to feed?

14th-century French philosopher?

-De Montaigne?

-No, no, let's go...

I can't think...

Rabelais, Rabelais.

-Rabelais?

-No, it's Jean Buridan.

And finally the pons asinorum, or ass's bridge,

is a name given to a proposition related to the angles

of an isosceles triangle in the works of which mathematician?

Is it going to be Euclid, or...

He wouldn't have done it in Latin, would he?

But the name's just given to it.

-I don't know. Euclid's better, I think.

-No, why would it be in Latin?

-It's given to it now.

-Fine, OK.

-Euclid?

-Euclid is correct, yes.

OK, 10 points for this.

Quote, "A significant provincial adjective,

"descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station

"is exposed in stormy weather."

What word is described in these terms

in a novel of 1847 by Emily Bronte?

Wuthering.

Wuthering is correct, yes.

Your bonuses, Trinity, are on female politicians in the Americas.

Firstly, for five, from 1990,

Eugenia Charles served as Prime Minister of which island country,

situated between Martinique and Guadeloupe?

St Lucia, maybe?

-Do you know...?

-St Lucia.

No, it's Dominica.

Secondly, born in Chicago in 1920,

Janet Jagan was the first female president in South America.

Which country elected her to the office in 1997?

THEY CONFER

-What do you think?

-Chile, maybe?

-Chile, yeah...

But mine's a guess.

OK, that's two. Peru?

No, it's Guyana.

Since 2006, Portia Simpson-Miller has twice

served as Prime Minister of which Caribbean island nation?

What do you think?

I thought it could be Barbados, but you had Jamaica first,

and your politics is better than mine.

-You're saying Jamaica?

-Go for Jamaica?

-Jamaica.

It is Jamaica, yes. 10 points for this.

What Latin preposition appears in two-word expressions meaning

enduring forever, intended only for a specific purpose,

and argument that criticises a person rather than...

Ad.

Ad is correct.

Ad infinitum, ad hominem, etc.

Right, you get a set of bonuses this time on the Roman Empire, UCL.

Which client kingdom became a Roman province in AD 46?

Covering much of modern day Bulgaria,

notable figures from the area include the philosopher

and mathematician Democritus and the slave Spartacus?

THEY CONFER

Thrace.

Thrace is correct.

Established by Augustus in Anatolia in 25 BC,

which Roman province is thought to have given its name to

the ninth book of the New Testament?

THEY CONFER

-No, we don't know.

-It's Galatia.

The letter of Paul to the Galatians being the reference, of course.

And Camulodunum was the first capital of which province,

established as a result of Claudius's invasion in AD 43?

-Britain.

-Correct.

We're going to take a second picture round now.

For your picture starter, you're going to see a painting.

10 points if you can name the artist.

Van Dyck.

That is correct, yes.

That is part of the collection at Holkham Hall, UCL,

the seat of the Earls of Leicester in Norfolk.

Your picture bonuses are three more paintings from that collection,

with five points for each artist you can name.

Firstly, for five....

Looks like Poussin.

Poussin.

No, that's by Claude.

And secondly...

Gainsborough.

That is Gainsborough - Thomas William Coke.

And finally...

Canaletto.

It is Canaletto, yes. Right, 10 points at stake for this.

"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings

"The soul from Purgatory springs."

In the 16th century, this couplet was attributed to the German friar

Johann Tetzel and referred to what form of religious payment?

Indulgences.

Correct.

Trinity, your bonuses are on pairs of words separated

only by the prefixes pro and con - for example, profuse and confuse.

In each case, give both words from the definitions.

Firstly, the byname of the King of England from 1042 and the title

held by Challenger and Moriarty in the stories by Conan Doyle.

Confessor and Professor.

Correct. Secondly, the political party led by Gandhi and Nehru,

and an official term made by a monarch or a high dignitary.

Progress?

-Progress and Congress.

-Is that right?

OK.

Progress and Congress.

This is Congress and progress, yes.

And finally, the fundamental principles according to which

a body politic is governed,

and an activity associated with Zola's Nana and Hugo's Fantine.

Constitution and prostitution.

That is correct. 10 points for this.

Named after a pre-Columbian people,

the Lucayan Archipelago comprises the Turks and Caicos Islands

and which island nation lying to the north of the Greater Antilles?

Bahamas.

Correct.

These bonuses, UCL, are on physiology.

In each case, give the generic descriptor letter

for the following vitamins. No numbers are required.

Firstly, for five points, tocopherol.

I haven't heard of that one.

E or K?

K, or it's not D, um...

-E?

-E is good, yeah, maybe, I don't know.

-E.

-Correct.

Secondly, cholecalciferol.

Cholecalciferol, I don't know.

-Sound like bones - D?

-D sounds right, yeah.

-D.

-Correct.

And finally, phylloquinone.

Phylloquinone...

Well, it could be a B vitamin?

Yeah, it might be B, yeah.

B.

No, K. Less than three minutes to go and 10 points at stake for this.

"If God exists, why write literature?

"And if he doesn't, why write literature?"

These are the words of which French dramatist, whose works include

The Bald Soprano and Rhinoceros?

Eugene Ionesco.

Correct.

These bonuses are on Russia, UCL.

About the size of Scotland, what is Russia's largest island?

THEY CONFER

Sakhalin? Sakhalin?

-Nominate Raii.

-Sakhalin.

Sakhalin is correct.

Secondly, which Russian literary figure travelled to Sakhalin in 1890

and later wrote a research thesis about the penal colony there?

Dostoyevsky?

Yeah, could be. Chekhov wouldn't do that, would he? So, Dostoyevsky.

-Dostoyevsky.

-No, it was Chekhov.

And the Sakhalin oblast, or province,

includes the Kuril Islands. Which country disputes sovereignty

of the southernmost islands of that group?

-Japan.

-Japan.

Correct. 10 points for this.

Which decisive battle

is the subject of the novelist

Bernard Cornwell's first non-fiction work?

Its subtitle is The History Of Four Days...

Waterloo.

Waterloo is correct.

Your bonuses are on the Victorian company promoter Albert Grant.

Grant is often said to have been the model for the bogus financier

Augustus Melmotte in The Way We Live Now,

a novel of 1875 by which author?

Do you have any idea?

THEY CONFER

-Come on, let's have it.

-Hardy?

No, it's Trollope.

In 1868, Grant was created a baron of the Kingdom of Italy

in recognition of his services in the building of

the Victor Emmanuel Gallery, a large commercial arcade in which city?

Rome? Florence?

Milan?

In that time, Victor Emmanuel was King of...

-Milan? Venice?

-Yeah, could be Milan.

Milan.

It is Milan. And finally, in 1874,

Grant restored the gardens of which London square, donating

a statue of William Shakespeare which still stands there?

Think of a London square.

Um...Trafalgar?

No... Leicester Square or something?

-Let's have it, please.

-Leicester Square.

Leicester Square is correct.

10 points for this.

Described heraldically as saltire gules in a field argent,

the cross associated with which saint

was added to the union flag in 18...?

Andrew.

No, you lose five points. ..In 1801.

St Patrick.

St Patrick is correct, yes.

If you get these bonuses, it'll be level pegging.

They're on politics and social science.

In each case, give the single word that completes these titles.

All three answers end in the letters -ism.

GONG

I could see why you were hurrying me, Mr Raii,

but, I mean, if I hadn't told you what the answer needed to be,

you'd have killed me!

So, never mind, 145 may be well enough to come back

as one of the highest-scoring losing teams.

And Trinity Oxford, congratulations to you, you've won,

you'll be back definitely in the second round,

we shall look forward to seeing you again, thank you.

I hope you can join us next time for another first round match,

but until then, it's goodbye from UCL...

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-..goodbye from Trinity Oxford...

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.