Episode 4 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Over the past few matches,

it's proved difficult to characterise the members making up our teams of graduates

without overusing words like motley or sometimes shower.

Tonight's no exception - for the first word at least

as two more eclectic teams prepare to do battle for the honour of the university that nurtured them.

Five first-round matches, so five winners, but only four places in the semifinals.

So for tonight's teams to be guaranteed a place, they need to win with a score of at least 130.

Playing on behalf of the University of Warwick is an award-winning film director

working on both sides of the Atlantic whose works include Leon the Pig Farmer

and the Terry Pratchett adaptations Hog Father and The Colour of Magic.

With him the woman who led the Warwick students team to victory in 2007

and who's written on education for The Times Educational Supplement and The Observer.

Her first book on reform of the school curriculum in England comes out next year.

Their captain is a writer and broadcaster with a peculiarly British specialism, the railways,

and he's been described as the greatest expert on British trains.

Finally, an actor whose stage work includes Twelfth Night and King Lear

but may be more familiar to viewers from her episodes of Bottom and The Young Ones

and as the mums in both My Dad's the Prime Minister and My Parents are Aliens.

Let's meet the Warwick team.

I'm Vadim Jean and I graduated in 1986 from Warwick in history.

I'm now a film director working on the latest Terry Pratchett Discworld adaptations for the screen.

I'm Daisy Christodoulou. I graduated from Warwick in 2007 with a degree in English Literature.

Since then, I've worked as an English teacher in London.

-And their captain.

-I'm Christian Wolmar.

I graduated from Warwick in 1971 with a degree in Economics.

I'm a journalist specialising in transport and I write history books on the railways.

Hi. I'm Carla Mendonca. I graduated from Warwick in 1983

with a degree in Theatre Studies and Dramatic Arts. I'm an actress.

APPLAUSE

The team from the University of Sheffield

includes a former leader of Manchester City Council,

now an MP who serves on the House of Commons transport select committee.

Alongside him, an academic who's directed various archaeological and heritage projects,

familiar to us as one of the experts shivering in a ditch on Channel 4's Time Team.

Welcome to the warm!

Their captain has been described as the most powerful BBC Radio Head of Music in the corporation's history,

the recipient of numerous awards,

he's championed the careers of artists such as Dizzee Rascal and Ms Dynamite.

Finally, a scientist and academic whose specialisms include ultrasound, osteoporosis

and something slightly baffling but doubtless invaluable,

helical magnetic domains in antiferromagnetic materials.

He also happens to be deputy vice-chancellor of the University of Warwick.

Let's meet the Sheffield team.

Hello, I'm Graham Stringer. I graduated in chemistry in 1971.

I'm now Member of Parliament for Blackley and Broughton.

Hi, I'm Faith Simpson. I graduated in 2002 with a degree in archaeology and pre-history.

I'm now a lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan University.

-And their captain.

-Hello. I'm George Ergatoudis. I graduated in architecture in 1986

and I'm now head of music at BBC Radio One and One Extra.

Hello. I'm Stuart Palmer. I graduated from the University of Sheffield with a degree in physics in 1964.

I'm now Emeritus Professor at the University of Warwick

and also honorary secretary of the Institute of Physics in London.

APPLAUSE

The rules are constant as the northern star.

10 points for starters, 15 for bonuses. Starters are individual efforts, bonuses team efforts.

A five-point fine if you interrupt a starter incorrectly.

Fingers on buzzers. Your first starter for 10.

"Your time is limited. Don't waste it living someone else's life.

"Don't be trapped by dogma, living with the results of other people's thinking."

These are the words of which US entrepreneur...

-Steve Jobs.

-Steve Jobs is correct.

You get the first set of bonuses, Warwick.

20th-century history. Denoting friendly relations but falling short of an alliance,

what two-word French term is used to describe the Anglo-French agreement of 1904?

-Entente cordiale.

-The 1904 entente was entitled A Declaration between the United Kingdom and France

respecting Egypt and which other North African country?

-Libya.

-No, Morocco.

In 1907 with which country did France and Britain form an alliance known as the Triple Entente?

-Russia.

-Correct. Ten points for the starter.

In his Sonnet 130, Shakespeare compares the colour of his mistress's lips...

-Coral.

-Correct, yes.

Your bonuses, Warwick, are on British theatre. Firstly for five.

In 1963, what term, originally applied to a genre of figurative painting,

was used by critics including G.Wilson Knight

to describe plays such as Look Back in Anger that dealt with domestic reality?

-Kitchen sink drama.

-Correct. The kitchen sink trilogy

of Chicken Soup with Barley, Roots and I'm Talking About Jerusalem is by which playwright?

-Arnold Wesker.

-The cover for the Smiths' single, Girlfriend in a Coma,

featured a photo of which dramatist associated with kitchen sink drama,

author of A Taste of Honey, who died last month?

-Sheila Delaney.

-Correct. Ten points for this starter.

What institution was "addled" in 1614, "useless" in 1625,

"short" in 1640...

-Parliament.

-Correct. Yes.

Your bonuses, Warwick, are on financial jargon

as defined by The Financial Times's online lexicon. For five points.

In the UK, what three-word phrase is defined as the effect of a market recovering sharply

from a steep fall, although the rebound is due to technical factors rather than fundamentals?

-Dead cat bounce.

-Correct. After an EU member state,

what two-word term is defined as the negative impact on an economy of anything

that gives rise to a sharp inflow of foreign currency

such as the discovery of large oil reserves?

I don't know the answer, but it's definitely Dutch. Do they want a country? It's Holland.

-Holland. Dutch disease.

-Dutch disease is correct, yes.

What two-word term is defined as a company or individual

that is sought out by the management of a takeover target

to help defend itself against a hostile bid?

-Poison pill.

-No, the opposite. White knight.

Ten points for this. The Greek-derived onomatopaeic term borborigmos, or borborigmi,

refers to what phenomenon in the alimentary canal,

often alleviated by eating?

You may not confer!

-Swallowing.

-No. Anyone want to buzz from Sheffield?

-Hiccups.

-No, stomach rumbling.

Ten points for this. "The Athens of the south", "the Protestant Vatican" and "Music City"

are among the nicknames of which US state capital?

It's home to a full-scale replica of the Parthenon

and to the weekly broadcast concert known as the Grand Ole Opry.

-Austin?

-No. Sheffield, one of you buzz.

-Washington.

-No, Nashville. Ten points for this.

Originally published in 1979 by Software Arts,

a company founded by Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston,

"VisiCalc" was the first commercial program of what type to be made available to users?

-Spreadsheets.

-Correct.

Right, you're off the mark with your first set of bonuses

on the charters of international organisations.

Which charity states that it was created as "a response to the failure of conventional trade

"to deliver sustainable livelihoods and development opportunities to people in the poorest countries"?

-Oxfam.

-No, Fairtrade. Which organisation's charter begins,

"Literature knows no frontiers

"and must remain common currency among people in spite of political or international upheavals."

-Pass, sorry.

-It's PEN. Which organisation's charter states

that its aim is, "To maintain international peace and security

"and to that end, to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal

"of threats to the peace."

-United Nations.

-Correct. A picture round now. For your starter,

you'll see a Royal Mail special issue stamp

showing a portrait of a monarch. Name the monarch and the royal house to which they belonged.

-Queen Victoria, Saxe-Coburg Gotha.

-Anyone like to buzz from Sheffield?

I'll tell you. It's Queen Victoria and Hanover. I can't accept Saxe-Coburg Gotha.

Picture bonuses in a moment. Ten points for this.

Between late 2009 and early April 2010,

a broad, dark band known as the South Equatorial Belt disappeared from the atmosphere

of which planet?

-Jupiter.

-Jupiter is correct.

So we go back, then, to the picture bonuses.

Queen Victoria appeared on the starter. You got the House of Hanover wrong there.

But three more stamps from the Royal Mail's special issue of Hanoverian kings and queens.

Five points for each monarch you can identify.

-George III.

-No, that's George I. Secondly, who's this?

-William IV.

-Correct. And finally...

-George IV.

-A flattering portrait, yes. Ten points for this.

"All national institutions of churches appear to me no other than human inventions

"set up to terrify and enslave mankind and monopolise power and profit."

These are the words of which radical author in the 1794 work The Rights of Man?

-Thomas Payne.

-Correct. Your bonuses are on plant poisons.

What poison may be released from the glycoside amygdalin

found in the stones of a number of Prunus species?

-Cyanide.

-Cyanide.

-Cyanide is correct.

What is the common name of the seeds of Myristica Fragrans,

a common culinary spice containing the monoamine oxidase inhibitor myristicin?

-Cayenne pepper?

-No, it's nutmeg.

The seeds of which plant contain ricin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis

which has been investigated as a possible biological weapon?

QUIET CONFERRING

Rice.

No, the castor oil plant. Ten points for this.

One of the earliest programmable electronic digital devices, operational from 1944,

what name was given to the device devised by the Post Office engineer Tommy Flowers

and used at Bletchley Park to decrypt...

Enigma.

No. You lose five points. ..to decrypt the German Lorenz ciphers?

One of you buzz.

-Baby.

-No, it's Colossus. Enigma was the German code machine.

Another starter. What adjective has been formed from the English name

of the Chinese city of Guangzhou and has been applied to the city's inhabitants, dialect...

-Cantonese.

-Correct.

A set of bonuses on yoga, for you, Sheffield.

In each case identity the style of yoga from the description given.

Its name meaning eight limbs in Sanskrit,

what form of yoga involves synchronising the breath in a series of postures

intended to detoxify the muscles and organs?

-No, pass.

-That's Ashtanga.

Sometimes referred to as the mother of all yogas,

the name of which style of yoga is derived from a Sanskrit word meaning curled or spiral?

-No, sorry.

-Kundalini. And finally, developed from hatha yoga,

which method involves a sequence of 26 postures

which are performed in rooms heated to over 100 degrees Fahrenheit?

-Bikram.

-Correct.

A music round now. For your starter question, you will hear a piece of popular music.

For ten points all you have to do is name the band playing.

# Summer's gone

# Days spent with the grass and sun

-# I don't mind

-I don't mind

# To pretend I do seems really dumb... #

-Squeeze.

-No. Sheffield, you can hear more if you like.

# I'm right as the morning comes

# Comes through the blinds

# I shouldn't be up at this time... #

-Dodgy.

-Dodgy answer, for sure! It's The Boo Radleys.

So, music bonuses shortly. Another starter question.

Identify the poet who wrote these words.

"He who binds to himself a joy

"does the winged life destroy.

"But he who kisses the joy as it flies..."

-William Blake.

-Correct.

It was the Boo Radleys in the music starter,

named after a character in Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird.

For your music bonuses, you'll hear tracks by three more bands whose names were inspired by books.

In each case, name the band and the author of the book from which they took their name.

# Do you remember

# Chalk hearts melting on a playground wall

# Do you remember

# Dawn escapes from moon-washed college halls

# Do you remember

# The cherry blossom in the market square

# Do you remember

# I thought it was confetti in our hair

# By the way... #

Come on.

No.

That was Marillion. They took their name from Tolkien's Silmarillion.

Secondly, see if you can identify the band and the author.

# You know the day destroys the night

# Night divides the day

# Try to run, try to hide... #

-The Doors, Aldous Huxley.

-Correct.

And finally.

# I've never been closer

# I've tried to understand

# That certain feeling

# Caught by another's hand

# But it's too late to hesitate

# We can't keep on living like this... #

-Depeche Mode.

-No, it's not. It's Heaven 17

who took their name from a band in Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess.

So another starter question.

Often described as the largest tank battle in history, Operation Citadel in 1943

was a German offensive in the vicinity of which Russian city?

It resulted in a Soviet victory.

-Stalingrad.

-No.

Sheffield?

-Tobruk?

-No, that's in North Africa. It's Kursk. Ten points for this.

Which word in this question contains the same number of letters

as its immediate predecessor?

-Contains.

-Correct.

Your bonuses are on art thefts, Warwick.

Stolen from Boston's Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum

in 1990, Storm on the Sea of Galilee is the only seascape by which Dutch artist?

-Rembrandt.

-Correct. Painted between 1812 and 1814,

Goya's portrait of which public figure was stolen less than three weeks after its hanging

in the National Gallery in August 1961?

INDISTINCT CONFERRING

-Napoleon.

-No, the Duke of Wellington.

Along with a Madonna by the same artist,

which expressionist painting was stolen from a museum in Oslo in 2004?

The Scream.

-The Scream.

-The Scream is correct. 10 points for this starter.

Answer as soon as you buzz. Multiply the number of platonic solids

by the number of faces on the most multi-faceted among them.

What three-digit number results?

-200.

-Anyone like to buzz from Sheffield?

Is anyone actually working it out, or are you just...

Right, it's 100.

Ten points for this. Answer promptly.

Of the 12 countries of South America, three are smaller than the United Kingdom.

For ten points, name two of them.

-Guyana and French Guyana.

-No.

No, I can't accept that. Anyone like to buzz from Sheffield?

Come on!

Oh, come on, one of you - please!

You were right. You've already been given one of them. Guyana.

The others are Uruguay and Surinam. Ten points for this.

Le Duc Tho in 1973 and Jean Paul Sartre in 1964 are linked...

-They refused to accept their Nobel prize.

-Correct. Yes.

Your bonuses, Warwick, are on a shared term.

What adjective meaning of mixed character derives from a Latin term

denoting offspring such as that of a freeman and a slave or a tame sow and a wild boar?

-Hybrid.

-Hybrid.

-Correct.

The name of which hybrid animal may also denote hybrid machines,

such as the one developed by Samuel Crompton in 1779

that combined a Spinning Jenny with Arkwright's water frame?

-A mule.

-Correct. Which mythological hybrid is the offspring of a griffin and a mare

and appears in Canto 4 of the 16th-century poem Orlando Furioso?

-Come on.

-Griffin.

-No, it's a hippogriff.

A second picture round now.

For your starter, you'll see a photo of a well-known Nordic crime writer.

Ten points if you can give me his name.

Stig Larsson?

No. Sheffield. Someone like to buzz?

OK. It's Jo Nesbo. Pictures bonuses shortly. Another starter question.

Which EU member state has a capital whose name concatenates the two-letter abbreviations

of the US states of Rhode Island and Georgia?

Riga.

-Anyone like to...

-Estonia.

-I'm sorry. You give one answer, please!

Sheffield. Anyone like to buzz?

Estonia.

Of course it's not. It's Latvia. Riga is the capital. I asked for the EU member state.

Ten points for this. What term was coined in 1883

by Sir Francis Galton to refer to the improvement of the human race

by the use of a policy based on the principles of heredity?

-Eugenics.

-Eugenics is right.

Back to the picture bonuses, following on from Jo Nesbo,

the writer we saw in that picture starter, nominated for the 2011 Norwegian Booksellers' prize,

here are three pictures of Swedish crime writers.

Five points if you can name them.

Firstly, who's this?

-Henning Mankell.

-Mankell is correct. Secondly.

It's a woman.

LAUGHTER

"It's a woman"!

No? That's Liza Marklund. And finally, who's this?

-Stig Larsson.

-Stig Larsson.

-That is Stig Larsson, yes.

Ten points for this. What fraction links mercy to someone who's surrendered,

an area of a city, a phase of the moon...

-Quarter.

-Quarter is correct, yes.

These bonuses are on philosophy in the 1650s.

Which work of 1651 is named after a sea monster mentioned in the Book of Job?

The author uses its immense power as a metaphor for the power of the state he describes.

-Leviathan.

-Correct. Which philosopher left the Jewish community in Amsterdam in 1656

possibly under pressure from the authorities because of his rationalist approach to religion?

His best-known work is the posthumously published Ethics.

-Spinoza.

-Correct. In the mid-1650s, which French philosopher

wrote the anonymous Provincial Letters attacking the casuistry of the Jesuits?

-Descartes.

-No, Pascal. Four minutes to go roughly. Another starter question.

Typing the first eight letters of the name of which country

gives the name of another island state further east in the Caribbean?

-Dominican Republic.

-Correct. Yes, you get Dominica.

A set of bonuses for you guys, on pairs of words that are easily mis-typed.

In each case, give both words from the definitions given. For five points,

long-eared hoofed mammals or foolish people, and to fix the amount of tax or evaluate performance.

Asses and assets.

No, you've got an extra T in there. It's asses and assess.

After France, the largest country in the European Union

and the French word for fir tree.

Sapin and Sapine.

No, it's sapin and Spain.

Finally, a person who organises the activities of others

and a long trough from which horses or cattle feed.

No, sorry.

It's manager and manger. Ten points for this. Born in 1870,

which Swedish mathematician gives his name to the star, snowflake or island

that is one of the earliest described types of fractal curve?

-Mandelbrot.

-No. Anyone like to buzz from Warwick?

It's Helge von Koch. Ten points for this.

In the King James Bible, what is the third book of the Pentateuch?

-Leviticus.

-Correct. Yes.

These bonuses are on Asian mountains.

Over 7,000 metres high, Kunlun Goddess, the highest mountain of the Kunlun range

is in which country?

QUIET CONFERRING

-India.

-No, it's China.

Almost 7,500 metres in height, Ismoil Somoni Peak is the highest mountain in the Pamir range

and lies in which country?

-Bhutan.

-Tajikistan. The second highest mountain in the world,

what is the highest peak of the Karakoram range?

-K2.

-Correct. Ten points for this. In France,

what corresponds to the Vuelta of Spain and the Giro of Italy?

It was first held in 1903...

-Tour de France.

-Correct. Your bonuses this time are on ecstasy.

"Share the ecstasy" is a tagline of which 2002 film?

Set largely in Manchester, it features music by Joy Division and the Happy Mondays.

-24-hour Party People.

-"What if somebody gave a war and nobody came?

"Life would ring the bells of ecstasy and forever be itself again."

These are the words of which US poet in the 1972 work Graffiti?

-Try Ginsberg.

-Ginsberg.

-Correct.

Irving Stone's The Agony and the Ecstasy is a fictional biography

of which artist born in Tuscany in 1475?

-Caravaggio.

-No, Michelangelo. Ten points for this.

In mathematics, the term sphere refers strictly to a spherical surface.

What short term is used for a solid sphere?

-A ball.

-Correct. Your bonuses are on computer science this time.

For what does the acronym BIOS stand? B-I-O-S.

-Binary operating system.

-No, basic input or output system.

-GONG

At the gong, Sheffield University have 50.

The University of Warwick have 225.

Sheffield, you never got a chance to get going.

You were strangely mute at all sorts of points.

But thank you for being sporting enough to take part.

Warwick, that is the highest winning score so far in this graduates series.

We look forward definitely to seeing you in the semifinals.

Thank you for joining us. I hope you can join us for the last of the first round matches.

-Until then, it's goodbye from Sheffield University.

-Bye.

-Goodbye from Warwick University.

-Bye.

-And goodbye from me. Goodbye.

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