Pennod 4 Y Cleddyf gyda John Ogwen


Pennod 4

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-I've played the part of a hero

-in an adventure drama...

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-..so I know quite a bit

-about the world of the sword.

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-This week,

-we're off to the cinema...

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-..we'll try a spot of fencing

-and see some mischievous monkeys...

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-..and I'll be meeting Robin McBryde.

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-Oh, and we'll be talking to

-two men who are also quite famous.

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-First,

-let's return to the olden days.

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-We were all heroes once.

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-I was doing exactly the same

-at their age.

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-If you were in trouble,

-I was the one to save you.

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-Well, maybe.

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-Here's a scene you'd often see

-on the street...

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-..before cars took over.

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-Girls and boys re-enacting scenes

-from the matinees.

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-Our ideas were influenced by films.

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-Films were influenced

-by popular literature.

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-The showmanship of sword fighting

-in films...

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-..drew its inspiration from

-the novels of the Victorian Age.

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-Those stories

-were based on old tales.

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-The renaissance of all things

-gothic during the Victorian Age...

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-..reignited interest

-in heroic adventure.

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-Tales started to threaten history...

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-..and the tales of adventure

-came to represent the era.

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-Inexpensive paper

-and the new printing technology...

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-..were used to produce books

-that people could afford...

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-..especially young readers.

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-Because of the huge demand...

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-..European and American literature

-were packed with adventure stories.

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-The Three Musketeers and Robin Hood,

-adventurers and pirates...

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-..they all had the ability

-to fight with a sword.

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-Between 1840 and 1939...

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-..over 500 adventure novels

-were published.

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-Almost all contained sword fighting.

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-These stories, for girls and boys...

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-..featured heroes

-that overcame every danger.

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-There were plenty of dangers

-during World War I.

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-20 million were killed.

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-By 1918, people needed something

-to lift their spirits.

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-The 20th century

-was the age of the cinema.

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-There were plenty

-of imaginary sword fights...

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-..in the shilling

-and nine pence seats.

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-To us,

-they seemed to be overacting...

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-..but the comedy still worked

-for the Three Musketeers.

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-They made me laugh.

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-The best sword fighter of all, in

-terms of physicality and style...

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-..was Douglas Fairbanks Snr.

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-In his version of Robin Hood,

-he showed why the sword...

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-..was the perfect weapon

-for getting even.

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-The sword suited

-the hero of the silver screen...

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-..and the acrobatic defender

-of the poor perfectly.

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-Fairbanks was the king of Hollywood

-- brave and romantic.

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-He produced many films himself.

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-His name was synonymous

-with adventure in cinema.

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-This version of Robin Hood

-was filmed in 1922 for 1m.

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-It was one of the most

-expensive films of its time.

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-The castle and sets were designed

-by Frank Lloyd Wright...

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-..a renowned architect

-of Welsh descent.

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-The public flocked to see it.

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-What's interesting about watching

-a battle on a cinema screen...

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-..is the appreciation of how

-dangerous it actually looks.

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-Of course, as actors...

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-..and stuntmen...

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-..we've choreographed the

-battle scenes right from the start.

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-The technique

-I was taught in RADA...

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-..has saved me a number of times.

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-Personally, I believe it's something

-to do with its purity.

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-Obviously, many films on TV

-these days feature guns.

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-As many have pointed out,

-anyone can pull a trigger.

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-The sword is an extension

-of yourself.

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-From 1927,

-films were no longer silent.

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-By the '30s,

-talkies were everywhere.

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-Hollywood became one of the world's

-most powerful institutions.

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-When colour films were introduced,

-new versions of old films were made.

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-Here's Robin Hood in 1938,

-starring Errol Flynn.

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-Nobleman Robin

-sides with the poor people.

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-He challenges the Normans

-and the Sheriff of Nottingham.

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-Shelter and clothe and feed

-a band of good determined men.

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-It cost 2m to make.

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-Warner Brothers usually produced

-cheap gangster films.

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-This was quite an investment.

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-The sword fights in this film...

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-..are amongst the most memorable

-in Hollywood.

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-When the Second World War started,

-the fun ended.

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-Americans produced a number

-of anti-Japanese propaganda films.

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-The Japanese executed prisoners

-with a sword.

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-They mistreated Europeans but their

-Chinese and Korean neighbours...

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-..suffered more than anyone.

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-Thousands of Asians were executed...

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-..with the blessing

-of Emperor Hirohito.

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-Europe also witnessed the massacre.

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-These are German

-ceremonial swords and knives.

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-They're similar to weapons

-from Rome's golden age.

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-The Nazis looked for symbols which

-linked them to their glorious past.

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-They wanted to prove

-that they were the perfect race.

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-While Hitler attacked

-parts of Europe...

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-..a London company

-designed weapons of war.

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-Leon Paul is Britain's largest

-provider of fencing equipment.

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-A representative from Britain's far

-right contacted him during the war.

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-Oswald Mosley, the fascist,

-loved fencing.

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-When he asked Leon Paul,

-the expert sword maker...

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-..to make some knuckledusters...

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-..for members

-of the Fascist Party...

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-..Paul refused.

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-Leon Paul was born in France.

-He was a master fencer.

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-Fencing equipment was in demand.

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-He set up his own company

-in London in 1925.

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-He designed and built

-all the machinery...

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-..including this one,

-for sharpening blades.

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-They produce

-all the fencing swords here...

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-..the foil, the epee and the sabre.

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-This is an all-important piece

-of the fencer's armoury - the mask.

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-I'll need one later.

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-They make everything

-for the fencing world...

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-..here, in these small premises,

-in Hendon, London.

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-The swords, masks, armour

-and electronic equipment.

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-They're sold around the world

-and used in the Olympic Games.

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-Leon Paul sponsored

-and provided equipment...

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-..for the British and American teams

-in the 2008 Olympics.

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-The company's managers

-are Olympic fencers.

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-They understand the needs

-of competitive fencers.

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-They use their knowledge to develop

-swords and electronic equipment.

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-Leon Paul's fencing skills

-were in high demand.

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-He taught stars

-of the silver screen after the war.

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-His grandsons have trained Catherine

-Zeta Jones and Sir Anthony Hopkins.

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-When Leon was in charge, epic films

-attracted the cinema crowds.

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-The sword was the central prop

-in these huge productions...

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-..including Alexander The Great

-starring Richard Burton.

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-Alexander unites the Greeks

-against the Persian Empire.

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-Richard Burton

-as Alexander The Great.

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-At the time, Burton was being paid

-more than anyone else in Hollywood.

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-He was nominated 17 times

-for an Oscar, but didn't win one.

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-Notice that Oscar himself

-is holding a large sword...

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-..just like Robin McBryde.

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-We have our own awards ceremony

-in Wales, at the Eisteddfod.

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-See you after the break.

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-.

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-FANFARE

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-Thanks to Iolo Morganwg,

-the sword has pride of place...

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-..in the Gorsedd's

-unique ceremonies.

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-The sword is central

-to the Eisteddfod's activities.

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-The Welsh,

-in contrast to everyone else...

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-..have a very special use for it.

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-FANFARE

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-Let us honour

-the Eisteddfod's Chief Poet.

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-The sword was first seen

-at the Eisteddfod...

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-..at the Cardiff

-National Eisteddfod of 1899.

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-The use of the sword

-during the ceremony...

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-..was part of Iolo's Gorsedd right

-from the very beginning, in 1792...

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-..in Primrose Hill in London.

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-It wasn't a sword

-to be used in battle.

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-According to the original idea,

-the sword wouldn't be unsheathed...

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-..to symbolize the fact

-that the Gorsedd of Bards...

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-..were peaceful people.

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-According to legend...

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-..no bard was permitted

-to possess a sheathed weapon...

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-..in the company of another bard.

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-When you consider how quarrelsome

-bards can be, that's a good thing!

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-The truth against the world,

-is there peace?

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-Peace.

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-It is never unsheathed completely.

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-It is never carried by the handle.

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-It should never be seen

-as a threatening weapon.

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-When it is raised, it's horizontal.

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-It should never be seen

-as a weapon of war.

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-It is a ceremonial sword.

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-When no-one is worthy

-of winning the Eisteddfod Chair...

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-..the sword is placed across

-the arms of the empty chair...

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-..in the hope that poets across

-the land will sharpen their muse...

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-..in time for the next Eisteddfod.

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-The bearer of the sword

-is part of a heroic heritage.

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-We will never forget Ray Gravell.

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-Today, Robin McBryde is the bearer.

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-It gives me a great thrill.

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-It's a different thrill

-to playing rugby for your country.

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-This is more than that,

-it's far more important.

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-This represents far more...

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-..Welsh culture

-and Welsh traditions.

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-A sword is a weapon of war.

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-We use it as a symbol of peace.

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-What does it say about us

-as a nation?

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-If I can use Grav's words...

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-..we're no better or worse

-than anyone else...

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-..but we are a bit different.

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-You were once acclaimed

-as Wales's Strongest Man.

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-You must be strong

-to carry this sword.

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-You must be a special person

-to lift it.

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-Can I try?

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-I hope I'm not the next

-to carry this.

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-Our Hollywood star is being honoured

-to the sound of the cynghanedd.

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-The Eisteddfod sword is a good

-reflection of us as a nation.

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-It illustrates the possibilities.

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-A threat does exist...

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-..but our choice is peace.

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-Peace.

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-I think

-it's a very important symbol.

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-I'm very proud of the fact

-that we, as a Welsh nation...

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-..in our ceremonies

-and National Eisteddfodau...

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-..ask the question is there peace?

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-Symbolically,

-we don't unsheathe the sword.

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-Peace.

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-Welsh pacifists protested right up

-until the end of the 20th century...

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-..against the use of the sword.

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-There's a famous couplet in Welsh...

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-..one of the most well-known odes of

-the Welsh language written by Emrys.

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-It's entitled Anrhydedd.

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-The final couplet

-is very well known.

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-"Idleness is a sword's commendation

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-"And rust is its glory."

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-I'd argue

-that the Gorsedd's great sword...

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-..is allied

-to Emrys's idea of the sword.

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-Although Robin

-was a star on the rugby field...

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-..if he was a hero in a film...

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-..he'd have to ride,

-run, shoot, swim and fence...

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-..better than his enemies,

-just like an Olympic pentathlete.

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-Modern fencing became popular

-in the world of sport...

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-..when the first modern Olympics

-were held in 1896.

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-It's one of four sports...

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-..that have been part of the Games

-since the very beginning.

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-Modern fencing is pacy. Timing

-is crucial if you hope to score.

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-The electronic equipment confirms

-that a stroke is legitimate.

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-This is a fencing class in the

-National Sports Centre in Cardiff.

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-I'm here to meet Rhodri Williams.

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-It's an interesting blend...

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-..of speed and cunning.

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-It's not enough just to be fit.

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-You have to be competitive,

-you set out to win.

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-The aim is to strike a certain

-target, not to hurt your opponent.

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-Fencing has attracted other members

-of his family - Rhodri's daughters.

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-14-year-old Hannah and 11-year-old

-Rebeccah are good friends at home...

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-..but very competitive

-in the fencing hall.

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-I like competing

-and it keeps me fit, too.

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-I competed in the UK School Games

-recently and fenced for Wales.

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-That was incredible.

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-They treated it like the Olympics.

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-We had a huge sign

-which said Wales...

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-..and it was an amazing feeling.

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-We won the team bronze medal.

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-That was very nice.

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-I really want to represent Wales

-and be part of the Welsh team.

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-I haven't done that yet.

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-You have to be fast and think about

-what you're doing before doing it.

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-You need to be sneaky.

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-There's a move called the one-two...

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-..where you try and pretend

-to go for one move...

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-..but then you're sneaky

-and you complete another move.

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-You score points doing that.

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-When the two fence, sparks can fly.

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-Hannah has the reach advantage.

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-I like attacking...

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-..to make Rebeccah feel nervous.

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-Then I can score points.

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-I'm a better attacker than blocker.

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-I don't know why.

-I'm just more aggressive.

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-It's very different.

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-I am armed

-but I still feel quite safe.

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-We're taught how to do it properly

-but you can get hurt sometimes.

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-It can be painful.

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-It's not easy to hurt someone.

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-I'm happy to hear that.

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-I'm entering the fray now -

-en guard.

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-The back leg

-is stretched out straight.

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-The left leg is straight.

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-It's one movement.

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-It's one movement.

-

-The point should hit me here.

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-Well done.

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-You extend your arm, too,

-at the same time.

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-You finish like this.

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-If you do it again,

-that's the first parry.

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-Try it again.

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-If I lunge towards you...

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-..try and parry me.

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-Make sure the point

-doesn't go too far left.

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-It makes it easier

-to counter-attack.

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-Well, that's one point.

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-Congratulations.

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-Congratulations.

-

-Thanks for keeping me alive.

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-Dad is an accomplished fencer

-but are the girls catching him up?

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-No. He's good. He's been doing it

-since he was a boy.

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-He's very experienced.

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-I'm not sure who'd win

-if I challenged him. Hopefully me.

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-The successful Star Wars films

-have transformed the sword.

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-It's the universe's new weapon -

-the light sabre.

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-Here I am

-trying to save the universe...

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-..just as I'd tried to do when

-I was a mischievous little monkey.

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-As a young boy...

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-..I used to fashion a sword from

-a piece of wood in the back garden.

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-My brother

-was only a year younger than me...

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-..so we could fight together

-every time we played in the garden.

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-It started when I was very young.

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-As boys, playing in the garden, we

-ran around carrying pieces of wood.

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-It's something

-that stayed with me.

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-I was always playing with swords...

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-..right into my teens, actually!

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-Those are the films

-I enjoyed the most...

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-..the ones with the swords -

-The Four Musketeers.

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-Some parts of that film

-were directed by Bill Hobbs.

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-I think he's the greatest

-fight director of stage and screen.

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-I still enjoy watching Oliver Reed

-in action.

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-William Hobbs came in to give us

-a talk when I was in college.

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-They shot that film in Spain.

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-Every morning, because Oliver Reed

-was a renowned drinker...

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-..the Spanish stuntmen

-would pull straws...

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-..to decide who would fight him.

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-They feared for their lives!

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-I used to go to the Memorial Hall

-in Aberaeron.

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-Films were shows in Aberaeron

-from the Second World War onwards.

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-Errol Flynn and the pirates.

0:22:130:22:15

-We watched The Mark of Zorro.

0:22:200:22:24

-The boys would go home afterwards

-and cut wood from the trees...

0:22:240:22:29

-..to play swords for days.

0:22:290:22:32

-They were exciting times.

0:22:320:22:35

-One of my greatest influences

-was watching...

0:22:350:22:39

-..the Zorro series.

0:22:390:22:41

-It was shown on Saturday mornings.

0:22:580:23:01

-My brother and I would watch Zorro.

0:23:020:23:05

-I'd then try to make a cloak

-out of a piece of clothing...

0:23:050:23:10

-..to pretend that I was Zorro.

0:23:100:23:13

-The films of Errol Flynn

-were very influential...

0:23:140:23:17

-..The Adventures of Robin Hood

-and Captain Blood.

0:23:180:23:21

-To be honest, when I've played

-a character in a film...

0:23:210:23:26

-..I've been paid for living out

-the fantasies of a young boy.

0:23:260:23:31

-It's like Boy's Own Adventure.

0:23:310:23:33

-Part of you knows

-that if something goes wrong...

0:23:370:23:40

-..you rely on your own skills

-to defend yourself.

0:23:410:23:46

-That's an instinctive feeling

-in our bodies.

0:23:460:23:50

-I've picked up swords

-since I was a boy...

0:23:520:23:55

-..and the thrill

-will never leave me.

0:23:550:24:00

-Ioan and I have crossed swords

-on a number of occasions.

0:24:040:24:08

-Steady, lads, we need both of you.

0:24:080:24:11

-Over time, the sword has been

-a symbol of the battle against evil.

0:24:180:24:23

-Every generation has strived

-to find the perfect sword.

0:24:230:24:28

-S4C Subtitles by Simian 04 Cyf.

0:24:490:24:51

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0:24:510:24:51

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