Pennod 3 ‹ Adam Price a Streic y Glowyr

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-Subtitles	0:00:00	0:00:00
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:00:00	0:00:02
-I'm Adam Price.	0:00:06	0:00:08
-I'm on a journey to learn about the -story of the 1984-85 Miners' Strike.	0:00:09	0:00:14
-I saw grown men in tears -at having to go back.	0:00:15	0:00:19
-There were people who wanted that -strike to go on forever.	0:00:19	0:00:23
-It was like watching a drama.	0:00:26	0:00:29
-But there was only one -possible end to that drama.	0:00:29	0:00:33
-I don't think anyone thought it -would last a year.	0:00:35	0:00:39
-We see the strike -as something nostalgic...	0:00:41	0:00:44
-..that's romantic -or like a false golden era.	0:00:44	0:00:48
-To be honest, I was scared.	0:00:52	0:00:54
-I've decided to give it one last go.	0:00:55	0:00:58
-I've come here to knock on his door.	0:00:58	0:01:01
-Meeting someone you saw as a hero, -who'll possibly turn you away...	0:01:01	0:01:07
-..could be painful.	0:01:07	0:01:09
-I wanted to absolutely guarantee -that he carried all of the blame...	0:01:11	0:01:15
-..that wasn't carried by -Margaret Thatcher.	0:01:16	0:01:19
-Without my experiences of the -strike, who would I be?	0:01:21	0:01:26
-Right, we're recording.	0:01:26	0:01:29
-When you're back, -you're not back with pride.	0:01:40	0:01:44
-You'll say to your son or your -daughter, that in 1984...	0:01:45	0:01:49
-..I took part in the greatest -struggle in Trade Union history.	0:01:49	0:01:54
-We've come to Aberavon and it brings -back memories of the big rally.	0:02:00	0:02:05
-It was the largest rally -that took place in South Wales.	0:02:05	0:02:09
-It was held in the Afan Lido, -a stone's throw from here.	0:02:09	0:02:13
-I had travelled -on the bus with my father.	0:02:15	0:02:18
-Many buses had travelled -from all mining towns.	0:02:18	0:02:22
-As we arrived, -I couldn't believe my eyes.	0:02:22	0:02:26
-There were no spaces -for all the buses to park.	0:02:26	0:02:30
-There was no room for us -and my father had to smuggle me in.	0:02:30	0:02:34
-I was so determined to be a part -of this historical evening.	0:02:34	0:02:38
-A host of union representatives -and parties attended the rally.	0:02:39	0:02:44
-We waited eagerly to hear from -one man and he was Norman Willis.	0:02:44	0:02:49
-He was the leader -of the TUC in Britain.	0:02:49	0:02:54
-We waited to hear from him -for one reason, namely support.	0:02:57	0:03:03
-The location was close -to the old steelworks.	0:03:03	0:03:06
-We expected him to announce that we -would be supported by the unions.	0:03:07	0:03:12
-But unfortunately, -all we received was judgement.	0:03:12	0:03:17
-The judgement surrounded the picket -line violence and threats to miners.	0:03:17	0:03:22
-We couldn't believe it.	0:03:23	0:03:25
-Violence creates more violence.	0:03:25	0:03:27
-HECKLES	0:03:27	0:03:29
-Out of that extra violence, -is built not solidarity...	0:03:29	0:03:35
-..but despair and defeatism.	0:03:35	0:03:37
-Boo!	0:03:39	0:03:41
-In the midst of this, two miners -had climbed into the parapet...	0:03:41	0:03:47
-..and started to release -a rope above is head.	0:03:47	0:03:51
-This noose stood next to his ears.	0:03:52	0:03:55
-It was miners' humour, -but they didn't want to hurt him.	0:03:55	0:03:59
-But it was a symbol -of how we all felt that evening.	0:03:59	0:04:03
-This was the leader of the Labour -unions and Labour organization...	0:04:04	0:04:08
-..who came to the strike -here in South Wales...	0:04:08	0:04:12
-..and not to extend his hand -to help, but to judge us.	0:04:12	0:04:16
-We all felt betrayed.	0:04:16	0:04:20
-Off! Off! Off! Off! Off!	0:04:21	0:04:23
-Off! Off! Off! Off! Off!	0:04:23	0:04:25
-Following Norman Willis...	0:04:26	0:04:28
-..the NUM president, Arthur -Scargill, addressed the crowd.	0:04:28	0:04:32
-Some thought that there was -no support for Scargill...	0:04:32	0:04:36
-..in the mining industry.	0:04:36	0:04:38
-It certainly wasn't true -at this rally.	0:04:38	0:04:42
-CHEERING	0:04:42	0:04:44
-This was one of the most -fascinating speakers...	0:04:46	0:04:50
-..I had ever heard.	0:04:50	0:04:53
-On that evening...	0:04:53	0:04:55
-..Scargill had expressed -the feelings of the crowd.	0:04:55	0:04:59
-His voice raised in tempo and -his finger pointed to the heavens.	0:05:00	0:05:05
-I am not prepared to condemn -the actions of my members...	0:05:05	0:05:10
-..who's only crime -is fighting for the right to work...	0:05:10	0:05:14
-..fighting to save the pits, -jobs and mining communities.	0:05:14	0:05:18
-It was as if the Reformation -had returned to Wales.	0:05:18	0:05:22
-Scargill resembled a -congregational minister that night.	0:05:22	0:05:26
-I fought to save the job.	0:05:26	0:05:29
-I fought to save this community.	0:05:29	0:05:32
-But in doing so...	0:05:32	0:05:34
-..I preserved my dignity -as a human being...	0:05:35	0:05:39
-..and as a member of the finest -Trade Union in the world.	0:05:39	0:05:42
-I'm privileged to lead you, -I salute you...	0:05:43	0:05:46
-..the miners united -will never be defeated.	0:05:46	0:05:50
-"The miners united -will never be defeated."	0:05:51	0:05:55
-That evening, we believed him.	0:05:55	0:05:58
-# Arthur Scargill, -we'll support you ever more	0:05:58	0:06:02
-# We'll support you ever more #	0:06:03	0:06:07
-He's a central figure.	0:06:14	0:06:17
-Would there have been a strike -were it not for Arthur Scargill...	0:06:17	0:06:21
-..without his charisma...	0:06:22	0:06:24
-..and his incredible talent -as a leader at that time?	0:06:25	0:06:30
-The strike started in Yorkshire...	0:06:33	0:06:36
-..and he was central to the roots -of the strike here.	0:06:37	0:06:42
-He was the leader of the -NUM during the strike...	0:06:48	0:06:52
-..and for some time later.	0:06:52	0:06:54
-In my opinion, he was one -of the central figures...	0:06:55	0:07:01
-..to the history -of the 20th Century.	0:07:01	0:07:04
-He's one of those rare characters.	0:07:11	0:07:15
-He didn't long for the -permission of others...	0:07:18	0:07:22
-..when it came to his beliefs.	0:07:22	0:07:24
-Don't they yet understand!	0:07:24	0:07:27
-They can't imprison my mind, -they can't sequestrate my ideas.	0:07:29	0:07:34
-They can't defeat -my allegiance or my class.	0:07:34	0:07:37
-He's more than an individual.	0:07:37	0:07:39
-He represents an organization, -a period...	0:07:40	0:07:43
-..and he represents a battle -which was lost.	0:07:43	0:07:46
-There are many questions -that surround Arthur Scargill.	0:07:47	0:07:52
-He's a very familiar figure, -but yet again he's still a mystery.	0:07:52	0:07:57
-It's impossible -to understand the strike...	0:08:03	0:08:06
-..and tell its history -without him...	0:08:06	0:08:10
-..or without understanding him -as a person.	0:08:10	0:08:13
-We've tried to contact him on many -occasions on the phone and in email.	0:08:14	0:08:20
-He hasn't refused...	0:08:20	0:08:22
-..but he hasn't contacted us...	0:08:22	0:08:26
-..to tell us when he's available.	0:08:26	0:08:29
-He doesn't generally speak -to the media.	0:08:29	0:08:33
-I have mixed emotions, but I've -decided to give it one last shot.	0:08:33	0:08:39
-I've come to knock on his door...	0:08:39	0:08:43
-..and ask if he'll tell me -how he saw things at the time...	0:08:43	0:08:48
-..and how he sees things now.	0:08:48	0:08:51
-I have to admit that -I'm feeling nervous.	0:08:55	0:08:58
-Meeting someone -who was once your hero...	0:08:59	0:09:03
-..but who may turn you away...	0:09:03	0:09:05
-..could be painful.	0:09:06	0:09:08
-He came to the door -and it was like seeing a ghost.	0:09:17	0:09:21
-The experience of seeing someone -who is a historical figure...	0:09:25	0:09:29
-..and meeting them in person -as they open the door to you...	0:09:29	0:09:34
-..is an experience -that I will never forget.	0:09:34	0:09:39
-He apologised -and said he didn't have time.	0:09:42	0:09:48
-As he said in his emails, he would -be happy to do it another time...	0:09:48	0:09:54
-..but this morning isn't suitable.	0:09:54	0:09:57
-I'm disappointed that he didn't have -the time to sit down with me.	0:10:00	0:10:05
-But he's certainly -a complex character.	0:10:05	0:10:09
-Unfortunately, we won't be able -to understand his complexities...	0:10:11	0:10:16
-..as he's shut himself away.	0:10:16	0:10:19
-It's a shame to see someone -who was so eloquent...	0:10:19	0:10:24
-..who has now become a recluse.	0:10:25	0:10:28
-There are secrets...	0:10:33	0:10:35
-..which surround the strategies -and tactics he had in his mind...	0:10:35	0:10:41
-..and when the time comes, -these will go with him to his grave.	0:10:41	0:10:45
-He's obviously a man under siege -in some type of castle.	0:10:48	0:10:54
-When we think of how he used to be -and how many people admired him...	0:10:54	0:10:59
-..and compare it with today...	0:10:59	0:11:02
-..he seems like -a very lonely figure.	0:11:02	0:11:06
-It's strange to meet the man -who was such a large character...	0:11:09	0:11:13
-..on the large, -historical world stage.	0:11:14	0:11:18
-At the time, he was legendary -on the historical stage...	0:11:18	0:11:22
-..but now, his world is smaller.	0:11:22	0:11:25
-There's an element of sadness to it.	0:11:27	0:11:30
-In the end, I thanked him -for what he did during the strike...	0:11:34	0:11:38
-..and for his contribution.	0:11:38	0:11:42
-I really do feel thankful.	0:11:42	0:11:45
-It doesn't matter if you disagree -with the tactics and decisions...	0:11:45	0:11:50
-..I feel that his heart -was in the right place.	0:11:50	0:11:56
-The speeches along with his -contribution will always be there.	0:11:59	0:12:04
-Let the words of Arthur Scargill -from the strike be heard...	0:12:04	0:12:10
-..and don't add any epilogues, which -won't be as good as the original.	0:12:10	0:12:16
-# We'll support you ever more #	0:12:18	0:12:23
-.	0:12:23	0:12:23
-Subtitles	0:12:26	0:12:26
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:12:26	0:12:28
-My name is Adam Price.	0:12:34	0:12:36
-I've been on a journey -to the strike of 1984-85.	0:12:36	0:12:40
-This strike changed my life.	0:12:40	0:12:42
-When the strike came, -the Labour party leader...	0:12:43	0:12:47
-..was Neil Kinnock, -the son of a South Wales miner.	0:12:47	0:12:50
-At the time, many of us within -the South Wales mining industry...	0:12:51	0:12:55
-..expected someone -with his background...	0:12:56	0:12:59
-..to take the opportunity -to support the strike.	0:12:59	0:13:03
-We wanted him on the picket line -and to be prominent in rallies.	0:13:04	0:13:08
-I came from -a Labour-supporting family.	0:13:11	0:13:15
-I couldn't understand why Kinnock -and the party didn't do this.	0:13:15	0:13:21
-Mr Kinnock's visit has appeased -the leaders of Gwent miners' minds.	0:13:21	0:13:26
-But, the miners believe that -Mr Kinnock could do more to help.	0:13:26	0:13:31
-I don't think they've -handled it very good.	0:13:33	0:13:36
-We haven't see him at all and he's -given us no support whatsoever.	0:13:36	0:13:40
-He should be here with -the rest of the boys...	0:13:40	0:13:43
-..on the picket line -and see what's happening.	0:13:44	0:13:47
-He is going to come down, he says.	0:13:47	0:13:48
-He is going to come down, he says. - -Aye, at his own bloody time.	0:13:48	0:13:50
-For us on the front line...	0:13:50	0:13:53
-..it felt like we were -being betrayed.	0:13:53	0:13:58
-It left a bad taste in our mouths.	0:13:58	0:14:01
-I'm happy to have the opportunity -to speak to Neil, the man...	0:14:03	0:14:09
-..and ask how he felt -about the strike.	0:14:09	0:14:12
-We have a lot in common.	0:14:12	0:14:14
-We're both sons to miners.	0:14:15	0:14:17
-I want to know about his emotions -and feelings about that year...	0:14:17	0:14:23
-..which left a big mark -on the both of us.	0:14:24	0:14:26
-Arthur Scargill could have been one -of -the -great Trade Union leaders.	0:14:33	0:14:38
-But when you adopt a dogma, -a doctrine as Arthur Scargill did...	0:14:40	0:14:45
-..it means you only have to make up -your mind once in your life.	0:14:45	0:14:49
-Then, the rest of your life -is dedicated to making it fulfilled.	0:14:50	0:14:55
-We've been on strike for 21 weeks.	0:14:57	0:14:59
-Mr MacGregor, if you think -we're going to go back...	0:14:59	0:15:03
-..if you withdraw -your pit closure plan...	0:15:03	0:15:06
-..you're living -in cloud cuckoo land.	0:15:07	0:15:09
-You're going to have to resolve the -wages question, a four-day week...	0:15:09	0:15:14
-..and many other things that have -been outstanding for 20 years.	0:15:14	0:15:19
-Whatever one feels about the man...	0:15:19	0:15:23
-..he was an incredibly -impressive figure.	0:15:23	0:15:26
-When he walked into a room, -you felt the electricity in the air.	0:15:26	0:15:31
-I was elected at the beginning -of October 1983.	0:15:31	0:15:35
-Among the first Trade Union leaders -I had to speak to...	0:15:35	0:15:39
-..was Arthur Scargill.	0:15:40	0:15:42
-We had a meeting in the -first week of November 1983.	0:15:42	0:15:46
-I had no difficulty upholding -the argument for the case for coal.	0:15:47	0:15:52
-You were a leader for -the Labour Party, a miner's son...	0:15:56	0:16:01
-..and representing -a mining constituency.	0:16:01	0:16:05
-Here you are, -catapulted into what became...	0:16:05	0:16:08
-..the most bitter industrial -dispute in living memory.	0:16:09	0:16:13
-The strike was -politically gigantic...	0:16:13	0:16:17
-..in its effects -on the Labour Party.	0:16:18	0:16:21
-It provided Mrs Thatcher...	0:16:21	0:16:23
-..with at least a period -of utter domination.	0:16:23	0:16:28
-That central question of the -national ballot cast a shadow...	0:16:28	0:16:33
-..and was used very effectively -by the opponents of the miners.	0:16:33	0:16:38
-Yes, absolutely.	0:16:38	0:16:40
-By early April, when I was appealing -privately, directly to Scargill...	0:16:40	0:16:46
-..if there's no ballot, -you will fail, you will lose.	0:16:46	0:16:50
-You must have a national ballot.	0:16:50	0:16:53
-The miners of Britain needed every -piece of armament they could get.	0:16:55	0:17:01
-But, the missing part -of their armament...	0:17:01	0:17:05
-..and the thing that was -absent from any strategy...	0:17:05	0:17:08
-..was the democratic -legitimizing mandate...	0:17:09	0:17:13
-..that would have ensured -the whole of the mining workforce...	0:17:13	0:17:17
-..including Nottinghamshire -came out.	0:17:18	0:17:20
-If there had been -a national ballot...	0:17:21	0:17:24
-..it would have entirely -legitimized the strike.	0:17:24	0:17:27
-When instead of having a ballot, -Arthur Scargill embraced the idea...	0:17:27	0:17:33
-..that picketing -could replace balloting.	0:17:33	0:17:36
-You could physically prevent people -from getting to work or moving coal.	0:17:37	0:17:42
-Then of course, -chaos started to take over.	0:17:42	0:17:46
-In that situation, you need -to look to the cameras and say...	0:17:46	0:17:52
-"There is a democratic mandate.	0:17:52	0:17:54
-"People have cast their vote.	0:17:55	0:17:57
-"They've given us instructions -and that is why we're continuing."	0:17:57	0:18:01
-People would have honoured it.	0:18:02	0:18:04
-Was there any prospect -of an agreement during the strike?	0:18:04	0:18:09
-By June, it became apparent...	0:18:09	0:18:11
-..that there was going to be -a long strike.	0:18:11	0:18:14
-By then, the first efforts began...	0:18:15	0:18:18
-..to encourage MacGregor -and Scargill to come to the table.	0:18:19	0:18:23
-But, these events -kept on fizzling out.	0:18:24	0:18:27
-That went on through June, -into July and into August...	0:18:28	0:18:32
-..and as late as October 1984.	0:18:33	0:18:36
-There was a changed formula...	0:18:36	0:18:40
-..for consideration of proposals -to close collieries.	0:18:40	0:18:44
-If Scargill had accepted it, -it would have secured a victory...	0:18:44	0:18:49
-..that had really altered the -conditions on the coal fields...	0:18:49	0:18:53
-..and changed the way proposals -would be made for colliery closures.	0:18:54	0:18:59
-Those things were available.	0:18:59	0:19:01
-MacGregor even accepted them.	0:19:02	0:19:04
-Scargill dismissed the lot. -None of us could understand it.	0:19:04	0:19:08
-It was dismissed...	0:19:09	0:19:10
-..and not communicated to -the mining workforce at all.	0:19:11	0:19:16
-I will always believe that those -wonderful human qualities...	0:19:16	0:19:21
-..were abused by a leader...	0:19:21	0:19:24
-..who was interested in the -fulfilment of his doctrine...	0:19:24	0:19:30
-..much more -than he was interested...	0:19:30	0:19:32
-..in securing a reasonable -achievable victory for the miners...	0:19:33	0:19:38
-..and resulting in the protection -of at least a substantial amount...	0:19:39	0:19:43
-..of collieries and jobs, -if not every last one in Britain.	0:19:44	0:19:48
-Your natural sympathies...	0:19:48	0:19:50
-..would have been to be at the -forefront of this dispute.	0:19:51	0:19:55
-Yet your position as leader of the -Labour Party must have torn you.	0:19:55	0:19:59
-Why didn't you do more?	0:19:59	0:20:01
-One of the factors that guided me -from the early days...	0:20:01	0:20:06
-..was the determination...	0:20:06	0:20:08
-..not to do anything, that could be -represented by Scargill...	0:20:09	0:20:14
-..as a reason for the -ultimate defeat of the miners.	0:20:14	0:20:18
-I wanted to absolutely guarantee -that he carried all of the blame...	0:20:18	0:20:24
-..not carried by Margaret Thatcher.	0:20:24	0:20:27
-When this strike ended, -I hoped not in ignominy...	0:20:27	0:20:31
-..but my hopes weren't fulfilled...	0:20:32	0:20:35
-..that Scargill would not -be able to say...	0:20:35	0:20:39
-"If only the Labour Leader hadn't or -had done this, we would have won."	0:20:39	0:20:45
-There you are, -in the middle of the strike, Neil...	0:20:47	0:20:50
-..Her Majesty's Leader -of the Opposition.	0:20:50	0:20:54
-But, you were helpless.	0:20:54	0:20:55
-But, you were helpless. - -I was utterly helpless.	0:20:55	0:20:57
-In one sense, I was so helpless, -I couldn't confess helplessness.	0:20:57	0:21:02
-I had to leave it to other people -to describe me as that and worse!	0:21:02	0:21:08
-But all the time, -the churning within me...	0:21:09	0:21:13
-..was because of what was happening -on the coalfields and communities.	0:21:13	0:21:18
-What was happening -at the leadership of the NUM...	0:21:18	0:21:24
-..and 10 Downing Street was searing.	0:21:24	0:21:29
-Do you have any regrets -or done anything differently?	0:21:30	0:21:34
-I did everything that I could.	0:21:34	0:21:37
-I was desperately saddened -but certain that without a ballot...	0:21:38	0:21:43
-..the strike, however long -it lasted, could not result...	0:21:43	0:21:47
-..in the saving of the coal industry -and everything that went with it.	0:21:48	0:21:52
-I've never felt so hopeless -in my life...	0:21:53	0:21:57
-..but I couldn't afford to despair.	0:21:57	0:22:00
-He had chosen his way and his path.	0:22:03	0:22:06
-Once you choose to be the British -leader of the Labour Party...	0:22:06	0:22:11
-..there are some times -when you have to follow logic.	0:22:11	0:22:17
-You sacrifice -the miners on the altar...	0:22:17	0:22:21
-..to win the next election.	0:22:22	0:22:24
-He wanted to be the -British Prime Minister.	0:22:29	0:22:32
-There are some things you must -do to be the Prime Minister.	0:22:32	0:22:36
-One of those things...	0:22:36	0:22:38
-..is to not put the South Wales -miners first at all times.	0:22:39	0:22:43
-.	0:22:45	0:22:45
-Subtitles	0:22:49	0:22:49
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:22:49	0:22:51
-My name is Adam Price.	0:22:52	0:22:53
-I'm on a journey to uncover the -story of the 1984-85 Miners' Strike.	0:22:54	0:22:59
-I recall seeing images of the strike -on the television at home everyday.	0:23:01	0:23:06
-But, I wasn't confident that the -media was broadcasting the truth.	0:23:07	0:23:12
-I felt they sided with the state, -judged the miners...	0:23:13	0:23:17
-..and supported those -who broke the strike.	0:23:17	0:23:20
-How difficult was it to be -a journalist during these troubles?	0:23:20	0:23:26
-Vaughan Roderick has -followed the story for Newyddion 7.	0:23:26	0:23:31
-If the new tactics -by the miners are a success...	0:23:32	0:23:35
-..the steel corporations' problems -will intensify.	0:23:35	0:23:39
-There's plenty of iron ore in -Llanwern for another month's work.	0:23:39	0:23:43
-I recall Vaughan's reports...	0:23:45	0:23:47
-..about the lorries transporting -coal along the M4.	0:23:47	0:23:51
-There were reports of violence -on the picket lines...	0:23:52	0:23:56
-..as miners stopped coal entering -the Llanwern and Port Talbot works.	0:23:56	0:24:02
-The convoys of lorries travelling -on the M4 were unbelievable.	0:24:08	0:24:13
-There was about 100 to 150 lorries -and they stretched for miles.	0:24:13	0:24:19
-When men began returning to work -in the final months of the strike...	0:24:19	0:24:25
-..the only conflict that took place -was at Port Talbot and Llanwern.	0:24:25	0:24:31
-By using hundreds of lorries...	0:24:32	0:24:34
-..the steel corporations -managed to supply the works.	0:24:35	0:24:39
-All attempts by miners to block -entrances were all in vain.	0:24:39	0:24:43
-This was possibly -the first live strike...	0:24:45	0:24:50
-..to be seen on the television.	0:24:50	0:24:52
-Definitely.	0:24:53	0:24:54
-Some of the most powerful images -we remember from the strike...	0:24:54	0:24:59
-..are images taken from the cars -crossing the picket lines...	0:24:59	0:25:03
-..including those images -of the picket line at Aberaman.	0:25:04	0:25:08
-Joy Watson drove her -husband into work again.	0:25:08	0:25:11
-This time, -she has an ITN camera in the back...	0:25:12	0:25:15
-..and the reception -was even more violent.	0:25:16	0:25:19
-A stone smashed through the window, -hitting the driver.	0:25:19	0:25:24
-The traffic forced the car to stop.	0:25:26	0:25:29
-The women took advantage.	0:25:29	0:25:32
-Some people including journalists...	0:25:35	0:25:38
-..have said the strike -was one of the defining moments...	0:25:38	0:25:44
-..of the latter half -of the 20th Century for them.	0:25:44	0:25:48
-Was it that important -or do we think about it too much?	0:25:48	0:25:52
-It was the War and Peace -of journalism.	0:25:53	0:25:56
-There were a number -of colourful characters...	0:25:56	0:26:00
-..the pathos which included -sad and terrible times...	0:26:00	0:26:06
-..and it also had the -occasional heroic elements.	0:26:06	0:26:10
-It was just like watching a drama -or a tale.	0:26:11	0:26:16
-Most of my work centred around -the coal mines in the east.	0:26:21	0:26:25
-I followed the convoys -from Port Talbot to Llanwern.	0:26:26	0:26:29
-You could see the efforts to stop -the lorries from entering.	0:26:30	0:26:35
-In reality, -the events that took place...	0:26:36	0:26:40
-..at Port Talbot, -Llanwern and Phurnacite...	0:26:40	0:26:43
-..are among the most defining...	0:26:44	0:26:48
-..and violent moments -on the picket lines of South Wales.	0:26:48	0:26:53
-As a journalist...	0:27:02	0:27:05
-..you had to be impartial -to both sides in your items.	0:27:06	0:27:11
-It must have had -an emotional affect on you...	0:27:12	0:27:16
-..as you came from the area -and knew the people.	0:27:16	0:27:20
-You knew the importance -of these communities.	0:27:20	0:27:24
-You're not a robot -so you are affected by these things.	0:27:24	0:27:28
-On the other hand, -I had to be just like a doctor...	0:27:29	0:27:33
-..as I had a professional -responsibility not to show it.	0:27:33	0:27:38
-In almost every other coal field...	0:27:38	0:27:41
-..people would have to film -from behind the police lines...	0:27:41	0:27:46
-..from the perspective -of the police.	0:27:46	0:27:49
-There was a bad relationship between -the miners and journalists...	0:27:49	0:27:54
-..so this was the only option.	0:27:54	0:27:56
-Was there disagreement -in the conference?	0:27:57	0:28:00
-The conference decision was to not -speak to the press out here.	0:28:00	0:28:04
-Anybody making statements to the -press will be the president only.	0:28:04	0:28:09
-There are no statements -to the press.	0:28:09	0:28:12
-We're stopping it from by here.	0:28:12	0:28:14
-The relationship between -Welsh miners and journalists...	0:28:14	0:28:18
-..was good enough -to give us more freedom to film.	0:28:18	0:28:22
-But, this was not the case -in Orgreave and Yorkshire.	0:28:23	0:28:28
-I'm confident -that our portrayal of the strike...	0:28:28	0:28:32
-..was as complete and as fair -as it could be.	0:28:32	0:28:38
-I remember watching -the evening bulletins.	0:28:38	0:28:44
-You broadcast the figures...	0:28:44	0:28:47
-..in terms of those miners -who had returned to work.	0:28:47	0:28:51
-Was that crossing the line?	0:28:52	0:28:55
-Was the media used as some -sort of instrument by the state?	0:28:55	0:29:00
-Were we being used?	0:29:01	0:29:04
-It's a good question.	0:29:05	0:29:07
-The fact that 100 men had returned -to work was a news story.	0:29:08	0:29:11
-The difficult role facing the media -was to create the narrative...	0:29:12	0:29:17
-..that the strike -was beginning to weaken.	0:29:17	0:29:21
-In that sense, there was no choice.	0:29:21	0:29:24
-It would have been wrong for a news -outlet not to report that story.	0:29:24	0:29:30
-The effect of this genuine story...	0:29:30	0:29:34
-..was to encourage other miners -to return.	0:29:34	0:29:37
-The NCB claimed that 53 men -broke the strike in South Wales.	0:29:37	0:29:43
-The board's spokesman claimed -that 468 miners were at work today.	0:29:43	0:29:48
-But, the union corrected -the figure as 325.	0:29:49	0:29:52
-Did you feel that history was being -made and that you were a part of it?	0:29:52	0:29:57
-If someone had asked me -during the strike...	0:29:57	0:30:01
-..that it would mean the end of the -mining industry in South Wales...	0:30:01	0:30:05
-..then I wouldn't have believed it.	0:30:05	0:30:08
-I don't think the -most pessimistic of miners...	0:30:09	0:30:13
-..would have believed -that the National Coal Board...	0:30:13	0:30:17
-..would close all the mines.	0:30:17	0:30:19
-This big strike was the end of -the industrial revolution in Wales.	0:30:22	0:30:28
-It was where -the industrial revolution began.	0:30:28	0:30:32
-It's important historically -as the final chapter.	0:30:32	0:30:37
-The efforts of the miners -had been in vain...	0:30:37	0:30:40
-..but the period -had transformed Wales.	0:30:41	0:30:44
-The prominent individuals -of the dispute...	0:30:44	0:30:48
-..saw the opportunity to make sure -that it wouldn't happen again.	0:30:48	0:30:54
-There will problems across Wales -following the strike.	0:30:54	0:30:58
-If people want us to continue, -then that is what we will do.	0:30:58	0:31:03
-I've come to meet Hywel Francis -at the DOVE centre in Cwmdulais.	0:31:04	0:31:09
-How did the disappointment -of the strike's failure...	0:31:09	0:31:13
-..turn into a desire -for new politics?	0:31:13	0:31:16
-You were central to the creation...	0:31:17	0:31:19
-..of the Wales Congress -in Support of Mining Communities.	0:31:19	0:31:24
-This is what was important.	0:31:24	0:31:26
-We felt there was a lot of support -across the whole of Wales...	0:31:26	0:31:31
-..for the miners...	0:31:31	0:31:35
-..that we needed to establish -an organization.	0:31:35	0:31:38
-There was Plaid Cymru, -the Labour Party...	0:31:38	0:31:42
-..unions, churches, gays -and the Welsh Language Society.	0:31:42	0:31:47
-We needed to bring and -bind them together...	0:31:47	0:31:51
-..to create this organization.	0:31:51	0:31:54
-I always felt we had to move the -battle away from the picket lines.	0:31:54	0:31:59
-It was important, but we needed -to move it back to the communities.	0:31:59	0:32:05
-The community was strong.	0:32:06	0:32:07
-When I speak of community, -I mean Wales as a whole.	0:32:07	0:32:11
-Some have said in the years -since the strike...	0:32:11	0:32:16
-..that the Wales Congress -in Support of Mining Communities...	0:32:17	0:32:21
-..was a turning point -in the attitude towards devolution.	0:32:21	0:32:26
-It was never discussed at the time, -but a seed had been planted.	0:32:26	0:32:32
-I didn't understand it at the time.	0:32:32	0:32:35
-I understood the importance of -establishing the congress for Wales.	0:32:35	0:32:41
-We wanted the nation to be part -of this working class battle.	0:32:41	0:32:47
-But we had no idea -that within 20 years...	0:32:47	0:32:52
-..we could help to establish -the National Assembly.	0:32:52	0:32:56
-The roots of the Assembly -were in that battle.	0:32:56	0:33:01
-I'm certain of it.	0:33:01	0:33:03
-Hywel Francis wasn't the only one...	0:33:04	0:33:07
-..who thought the vast political -and industrial change...	0:33:07	0:33:12
-..stemmed from that year.	0:33:12	0:33:14
-I went on a personal journey from -voting Labour to join Plaid Cymru.	0:33:14	0:33:19
-Without the strike, -I can't imagine who I'd be today.	0:33:19	0:33:23
-I would be a different Adam.	0:33:23	0:33:25
-I've come to meet a man who was -called the Member for the Miners.	0:33:26	0:33:30
-He was a man -who influenced me as a boy.	0:33:30	0:33:34
-What were the obligations of losing -the strike to the future of Wales?	0:33:34	0:33:39
-As Britain lurches further -and further to the right...	0:33:39	0:33:43
-..only we in Wales, can stop -our society moving the same way.	0:33:43	0:33:47
-We must do it ourselves...	0:33:47	0:33:49
-..and build on what -has happened this year.	0:33:50	0:33:53
-We were attempting -to express our opposition...	0:33:53	0:33:57
-..by saying "no" -to what was happening.	0:33:57	0:34:00
-But as you say "no"...	0:34:00	0:34:02
-..you must also offer suggestions -for a possible solution.	0:34:02	0:34:06
-In my case, I joined the party -during the strike.	0:34:07	0:34:12
-The whole family joined the party...	0:34:12	0:34:15
-..a family who had traditionally -been supporters of Labour.	0:34:16	0:34:21
-In one way, it's easy -to see the strike as reactive.	0:34:21	0:34:25
-We were reacting -to a community crisis...	0:34:25	0:34:28
-..where the majority of the -working class were being oppressed.	0:34:28	0:34:34
-As in every large-scale conflict...	0:34:34	0:34:37
-..something challenging -develops from it.	0:34:37	0:34:42
-Our working class in Wales...	0:34:44	0:34:49
-..was being destroyed...	0:34:49	0:34:51
-..by the decisions of -a right-wing government.	0:34:52	0:34:55
-They were determined not to allow -miners to impose any conditions...	0:34:56	0:35:02
-..on the way the government would -privatize the energy industries.	0:35:02	0:35:08
-This was central to all occurrences.	0:35:08	0:35:12
-I recall you saying...	0:35:12	0:35:14
-..that the strike was -the national battle...	0:35:15	0:35:19
-..and the national organization -held the same values even then.	0:35:19	0:35:24
-You must remember -that there was no other choice.	0:35:24	0:35:27
-This was something that challenged -the whole of Wales.	0:35:27	0:35:32
-We had to react to it.	0:35:32	0:35:34
-This was the new dimension for me -within the politics of the strike.	0:35:34	0:35:39
-In the end, the strike was lost.	0:35:43	0:35:45
-What were the results -of that for Wales?	0:35:45	0:35:48
-It was a turning point...	0:35:48	0:35:51
-..from the old industrial era -and its conflicts...	0:35:52	0:35:56
-..towards a new idea of Wales and -the need for more powers in Wales.	0:35:57	0:36:02
-Was the Senedd building -and the National Assembly...	0:36:04	0:36:08
-..based in some way -on this new-found awareness?	0:36:09	0:36:12
-Yes, -as the conflict behind the strike...	0:36:13	0:36:18
-..was between the Welsh people and -miners and the British Government.	0:36:18	0:36:24
-The only answer or solution...	0:36:25	0:36:28
-..was not -to allow this to happen again.	0:36:29	0:36:32
-.	0:36:41	0:36:41
-Subtitles	0:36:44	0:36:44
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:36:44	0:36:46
-I'm Adam Price and I'm on a journey -back to the strike of 1984-85.	0:36:48	0:36:54
-It was a strike that -would change my life forever.	0:36:54	0:36:58
-As it came to a bitter end...	0:36:59	0:37:01
-..who was responsible for it -and how did it happen?	0:37:01	0:37:05
-To answer those questions...	0:37:05	0:37:08
-..we're joined in Cardiff -by Kim Howells of South Wales NUM.	0:37:08	0:37:12
-It would be foolish to deny...	0:37:12	0:37:15
-..that for the first time, we've got -people actually going back to work.	0:37:15	0:37:20
-It's made them think and everyone -is down on their uppers.	0:37:21	0:37:25
-What people are on -strike about really...	0:37:25	0:37:28
-..is asserting that the -pits belong to everyone.	0:37:28	0:37:31
-The miners must have a say -in determining their future.	0:37:32	0:37:35
-This does sound different...	0:37:36	0:37:38
-..to what we've heard from -Mr Scargill and others.	0:37:39	0:37:42
-I've come to meet Kim Howells, an -influential figure within the NUM...	0:37:42	0:37:47
-..to learn about the strike's final -chapter that changed Wales forever.	0:37:48	0:37:53
-Hello, Kim.	0:37:53	0:37:54
-Hello, Kim. - -Adam, lovely to see you.	0:37:54	0:37:56
-I was born into a mining -community in Aberdare.	0:37:59	0:38:02
-My uncles had worked at this pit.	0:38:03	0:38:05
-My father had worked here -for a short time.	0:38:05	0:38:09
-The talk in the house -was always about this industry.	0:38:10	0:38:15
-It was amazing what people did.	0:38:16	0:38:19
-The November of the strike came.	0:38:22	0:38:25
-It was a dark, cold -and horrible month.	0:38:25	0:38:28
-This thing had gone on -and people were suffering.	0:38:29	0:38:32
-Suddenly, -we heard the terrible news...	0:38:32	0:38:35
-..that two young boys had pushed -a concrete post off a bridge...	0:38:35	0:38:40
-..on the Heads of the Valleys Road -and it was terrible.	0:38:40	0:38:44
-David Williams decided to return to -work at the Merthyr Vale Colliery.	0:38:44	0:38:49
-As the taxi was travelling, concrete -pieces were dropped from the bridge.	0:38:50	0:38:55
-The driver, David Wilkie, -lost control of the car.	0:38:55	0:38:59
-And a rally was organized.	0:38:59	0:39:02
-I thought that someone ought -to be there and say these things.	0:39:03	0:39:08
-I got up and said...	0:39:08	0:39:09
-..that this is the way -the strike has been prosecuted.	0:39:10	0:39:14
-There has been violence...	0:39:14	0:39:17
-..and there shouldn't be violence.	0:39:17	0:39:20
-Miners shouldn't be fighting miners.	0:39:20	0:39:23
-This is terrible, -this is a sign of weakness...	0:39:24	0:39:28
-..not strength and determination.	0:39:28	0:39:31
-I said that and said that -it could have happened to any of us.	0:39:32	0:39:36
-Any of us who threw anything -or maybe tried to stop a lorry.	0:39:36	0:39:42
-That lorry could have veered -off the road and killed others.	0:39:42	0:39:47
-It was a disgrace...	0:39:47	0:39:49
-..that the National Leadership -were too gutless to admit that...	0:39:49	0:39:53
-..to say that we're not having -any more of that.	0:39:54	0:39:57
-We're going to stop -and use our brains.	0:39:57	0:40:00
-But, they didn't. They didn't have -the courage or the brains to do it.	0:40:00	0:40:05
-During the strike...	0:40:05	0:40:07
-..I was radicalized as a young -miner's son and very politicized.	0:40:07	0:40:13
-Alongside Dafydd Elis-Thomas...	0:40:13	0:40:16
-..you were the -biggest influence on me.	0:40:16	0:40:21
-I don't think it's too much -of an exaggeration to say...	0:40:21	0:40:25
-..that you were a political hero.	0:40:26	0:40:28
-At the end of the strike...	0:40:28	0:40:30
-..you articulated the -need to return to work...	0:40:31	0:40:34
-..I almost felt like my hero -had been taken away from me.	0:40:35	0:40:40
-Adam, its easy to say this, -looking back in hindsight.	0:40:40	0:40:45
-I can't remember anything -we had been so passionate about...	0:40:45	0:40:50
-..about prosecuting that strike -until it finished.	0:40:50	0:40:54
-I can't imagine any situation -where individual areas...	0:40:54	0:40:58
-..would decide to -go back on their own.	0:40:58	0:41:01
-South Wales would -certainly never do that.	0:41:01	0:41:04
-It would abide -by a national decision.	0:41:04	0:41:07
-That decision might take -all sorts of forms.	0:41:07	0:41:10
-In South Wales, -there are lodges who'd say...	0:41:11	0:41:14
-"Perhaps it's best -to maintain the NUM...	0:41:14	0:41:17
-"..and return to work and fight -it on a pit by pit basis."	0:41:17	0:41:21
-We were causing them -to relinquish...	0:41:21	0:41:25
-..something that had been -precious and dear to them.	0:41:25	0:41:28
-That was the democratic nature of -the National Union of Mineworkers.	0:41:29	0:41:34
-That democratic constitution -was something they fought for...	0:41:35	0:41:40
-..and here we were transgressing -across all of that.	0:41:40	0:41:44
-You don't regret making that call -in the dying days of the strike.	0:41:45	0:41:51
-No, we should have -made it much earlier.	0:41:51	0:41:54
-It was the hardest thing -I've ever had to do.	0:41:54	0:41:57
-We'd done our best -as an area union...	0:41:57	0:42:00
-..to try and convince everybody -that this strike was winnable.	0:42:00	0:42:05
-But, we had to say enough is enough.	0:42:05	0:42:07
-The suffering is pointless and -we're going to lose this dispute...	0:42:07	0:42:13
-..and lose the union, -if we don't act now.	0:42:13	0:42:16
-It has been the considered view of -conference, by a very narrow vote...	0:42:18	0:42:23
-..that we should -return on Tuesday...	0:42:23	0:42:26
-..and continue the fight, -as far as this union is concerned.	0:42:26	0:42:30
-I saw grown men in tears -at having to go back.	0:42:31	0:42:34
-Like my wife told me...	0:42:34	0:42:36
-"You will not go back to work -George, if you've got to eat grass."	0:42:36	0:42:41
-She said, "I'll eat glass with you.	0:42:41	0:42:43
-"But I feel so ashamed -of my fellow workmen...	0:42:43	0:42:46
-"..for what they've turned round -and done to my union."	0:42:47	0:42:50
-We felt that in so many ways, -it would be the end of Wales.	0:42:51	0:42:55
-It would be the end of something -that was very remarkable.	0:42:55	0:42:59
-It was -a very remarkable community...	0:42:59	0:43:02
-..and a very remarkable people.	0:43:02	0:43:05
-The real betrayal -was the lack of national leadership.	0:43:07	0:43:12
-We were the ones -who remained loyal and stayed out.	0:43:13	0:43:16
-We were the ones who witnessed -families below the bread line...	0:43:16	0:43:22
-..going through the most terrible -privations.	0:43:22	0:43:25
-Yet, here we were, -being lectured to by Scargill.	0:43:26	0:43:31
-People were going -from rally to rally...	0:43:31	0:43:34
-..being lorded by their followers.	0:43:34	0:43:39
-It was nonsense because -the suffering on the coal field...	0:43:40	0:43:44
-..meant they should have looked -at what was likely to happen.	0:43:44	0:43:49
-Were we ever going to win?	0:43:49	0:43:51
-There were people who wanted -it to go on forever.	0:43:51	0:43:55
-They loved it. -It was the best time they ever had.	0:43:55	0:43:59
-It was nonsense, a crime actually.	0:44:02	0:44:05
-It was a crime that -the boys in Cynheidre...	0:44:06	0:44:09
-..were being forced back to work -after ten or eleven months...	0:44:09	0:44:13
-..and being called scabs.	0:44:14	0:44:16
-What other workforce would have -stayed out for that length of time?	0:44:16	0:44:22
-It was all blather.	0:44:22	0:44:24
-The real suffering was amongst those -families who were on strike.	0:44:24	0:44:29
-It was a disgrace -that Scargill and the rest...	0:44:29	0:44:32
-..didn't to do anything about it.	0:44:32	0:44:35
-It doesn't take much to get men out -on strike if they have a grievance.	0:44:39	0:44:44
-You've got to be a lion to get to -those men and say...	0:44:44	0:44:48
-"We've achieved all we can achieve. -We've got to go back."	0:44:48	0:44:53
-You strip everything away -and all of the detail.	0:44:55	0:45:00
-The thing that remains is the -incredible sense...	0:45:00	0:45:03
-..of collective self-sacrifice -for a bigger ideal.	0:45:03	0:45:07
-In a way, many mistakes were made...	0:45:07	0:45:11
-..but I'm still glad -I was part of it.	0:45:11	0:45:14
-You're right. -You've expressed it beautifully.	0:45:14	0:45:18
-It was a kind of renaissance -in many ways.	0:45:18	0:45:21
-It marked my generation, -like nothing else did.	0:45:22	0:45:26
-The 1984-85 strike...	0:45:26	0:45:29
-..was something that none of us -had ever expected.	0:45:29	0:45:33
-None of us had lived through it -previously and never will again.	0:45:33	0:45:37
-Dad!	0:45:48	0:45:49
-There's no doubt that the 1984-85 -strike is what made me as a person.	0:45:54	0:45:59
-In the following years -as a politician...	0:45:59	0:46:03
-..when I tried to remind myself -of who I was...	0:46:03	0:46:07
-..and about my values...	0:46:08	0:46:09
-..I would turn back -to the strike as an anchor.	0:46:10	0:46:13
-It was that important to me.	0:46:13	0:46:15
-As I looked back -at the strike's history...	0:46:17	0:46:21
-..and met the characters -on the opposing sides, I was scared.	0:46:21	0:46:26
-Would I see the strike -as something nostalgic?	0:46:27	0:46:30
-Would I see it as a false -golden age which didn't exist?	0:46:31	0:46:35
-I still feel -that the strike was right.	0:46:38	0:46:42
-I still feel as passionate -about it today as I did then.	0:46:42	0:46:48
-It was right for us -to stand as we did.	0:46:48	0:46:51
-There are people who were my heroes -during the strike...	0:46:54	0:46:59
-..and they are -still my heroes today.	0:47:00	0:47:02
-They are the ordinary miners -and their families.	0:47:02	0:47:06
-This is why the strike -is important to me.	0:47:06	0:47:09
-The strike was due to an idea.	0:47:09	0:47:12
-They weren't striking for -themselves but for the principle...	0:47:13	0:47:18
-..that communities are more -important than selfish objectives.	0:47:18	0:47:24
-This is what happened in the -strike and it could happen again!	0:47:24	0:47:28
-The miners, the miners, -will never be defeated!	0:47:35	0:47:38
-The miners, the miners, -will never be defeated!	0:47:39	0:47:42
-The miners, the miners, -will never be defeated!	0:47:42	0:47:46
-S4C Subtitles by Tinopolis	0:48:22	0:48:24
-.	0:48:24	0:48:24

Pennod 3 Adam Price a Streic y Glowyr

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Adam Price a Streic y Glowyr

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