Rhaglen 2 Darn Bach o Hanes
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-# 666 | 0:00:24 | 0:00:26 | |
-# The number of the beast | 0:00:26 | 0:00:29 | |
-# Hell and fire -was spawned to be released # | 0:00:29 | 0:00:34 | |
-Superstition is part of the lives -of many, we might as well admit. | 0:00:37 | 0:00:43 | |
-Many old beliefs stem -from the instinctive human need... | 0:00:43 | 0:00:47 | |
-..for protection from the forces of -evil, the devil and evil spirits... | 0:00:47 | 0:00:52 | |
-..that cause disease, -disaster and bad luck. | 0:00:52 | 0:00:56 | |
-That need is -as old as human history. | 0:00:57 | 0:01:01 | |
-The obvious starting point... | 0:01:04 | 0:01:06 | |
-..to the story of mankind's bond -with magic and sorcery, is the well. | 0:01:07 | 0:01:12 | |
-The belief that the water -of wells has magical properties... | 0:01:12 | 0:01:17 | |
-..goes back thousands of years. | 0:01:18 | 0:01:20 | |
-There's a healing well that -dates back to the 6th century... | 0:01:21 | 0:01:26 | |
-..although it was -probably used long before that... | 0:01:26 | 0:01:30 | |
-..in Penmon, -on Anglesey's eastern shore. | 0:01:31 | 0:01:34 | |
-During the 6th century, St Seiriol's -hermit cell was situated here... | 0:01:36 | 0:01:41 | |
-..or so the story goes. | 0:01:41 | 0:01:44 | |
-The remains are still visible. | 0:01:44 | 0:01:46 | |
-Imagine him, sat here, gritting -his teeth against the gales. | 0:01:46 | 0:01:52 | |
-They say this is the earliest -Christian building in Wales. | 0:01:52 | 0:01:57 | |
-Over there, there's -a medieval well chamber. | 0:01:57 | 0:02:01 | |
-Let's see if there's water in it. | 0:02:01 | 0:02:04 | |
-There's about a foot of water here. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:13 | |
-Shells and pennies -have been thrown in. | 0:02:13 | 0:02:17 | |
-This is St Seiriol's well. | 0:02:22 | 0:02:24 | |
-There are hundreds of wells -all over Wales, dedicated to saints. | 0:02:25 | 0:02:30 | |
-But these wells were here -long before any saint was born. | 0:02:31 | 0:02:37 | |
-And the belief in their mystic -powers goes back just as far. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:43 | |
-To our Celtic ancestors, water -sprang from the other world... | 0:02:46 | 0:02:52 | |
-..and linked that world to this one. | 0:02:52 | 0:02:54 | |
-When Christianity came to Britain -late in the 4th century... | 0:02:56 | 0:03:01 | |
-..the church didn't usurp -the old pagan sites and rituals. | 0:03:01 | 0:03:06 | |
-It adopted and adapted them. | 0:03:06 | 0:03:09 | |
-Many of the old beliefs survived... | 0:03:09 | 0:03:12 | |
-..but "under new management". | 0:03:12 | 0:03:14 | |
-Now, Almighty God was the source -of the water and its magic... | 0:03:14 | 0:03:19 | |
-..not those lesser gods -of the netherworld. | 0:03:19 | 0:03:22 | |
-To all purposes... | 0:03:27 | 0:03:29 | |
-..the medieval church dressed -paganism in Christian clothing. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:34 | |
-Here in Clynnog Fawr, as in -all the ancient churches in Wales... | 0:03:35 | 0:03:39 | |
-..the faithful were told -about the miracles of the saints... | 0:03:40 | 0:03:45 | |
-..and the mystical -properties of relics. | 0:03:45 | 0:03:49 | |
-Relics might be saints' bones, -or part of Christ's cross. | 0:03:49 | 0:03:54 | |
-In Clynnog, one relic -has survived to this day... | 0:03:54 | 0:03:59 | |
-..Maen Beuno. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:01 | |
-It is said that St Beuno -carved the cross with his thumb. | 0:04:02 | 0:04:08 | |
-It's black, because -over the centuries... | 0:04:08 | 0:04:12 | |
-..pilgrims went like this -with their thumbs... | 0:04:12 | 0:04:16 | |
-..using wax, probably -from a church candle. | 0:04:17 | 0:04:21 | |
-As well as learning about -the relics' magical properties... | 0:04:25 | 0:04:29 | |
-..people took part in mystical -rites like Communion and Mass... | 0:04:30 | 0:04:36 | |
-..where chanting -and incense was used. | 0:04:36 | 0:04:39 | |
-The church offered all kinds -of magic and rites to use in life. | 0:04:43 | 0:04:48 | |
-For example, there was a rite to -purify a woman after giving birth... | 0:04:48 | 0:04:53 | |
-..to note her new role... | 0:04:53 | 0:04:55 | |
-..as a mother, and the resumption of -sexual relations with her husband. | 0:04:56 | 0:05:00 | |
-The church had charms -like rosary beads and crosses... | 0:05:01 | 0:05:06 | |
-..and the priests gave prayers and -blessings for all kinds of things. | 0:05:06 | 0:05:11 | |
-They used the communion -silver plates to heal ailments. | 0:05:11 | 0:05:17 | |
-It was very difficult to draw -a line between magic and religion. | 0:05:18 | 0:05:23 | |
-Now, the priest filled the role -of the druid and his magic. | 0:05:26 | 0:05:31 | |
-He was responsible -for the mystical communion... | 0:05:31 | 0:05:35 | |
-..between this world -and the other world. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:39 | |
-The medieval church was -a depository of magical powers. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:45 | |
-But during -the Protestant Reformation... | 0:05:45 | 0:05:48 | |
-..the medieval church was stripped -of all the customs and rites... | 0:05:49 | 0:05:54 | |
-..the very things people believed -that defended them from misfortune. | 0:05:54 | 0:05:59 | |
-But the forces -of evil still existed... | 0:06:02 | 0:06:05 | |
-..causing tragedies, -illness and bad luck. | 0:06:06 | 0:06:10 | |
-Now that the church's magic -seemed to have disappeared... | 0:06:10 | 0:06:14 | |
-..to whom or what would people turn? | 0:06:14 | 0:06:17 | |
-The white witch and the cunning man -stepped into the breach... | 0:06:17 | 0:06:22 | |
-..and a totally unexpected result -of the Protestant Reformation... | 0:06:22 | 0:06:27 | |
-..was that thousands of people -were driven back to magic! | 0:06:28 | 0:06:32 | |
-The Dyn Hysbys, the cunning man, -was knowledgeable in sorcery... | 0:06:32 | 0:06:37 | |
-..charms, magic, -plants, the universe. | 0:06:37 | 0:06:40 | |
-Some of them achieved -a sort of celebrity status. | 0:06:41 | 0:06:46 | |
-One of the most famous -cunning men in Wales... | 0:06:47 | 0:06:51 | |
-..was poet Huw Llwyd of Cynfal. | 0:06:51 | 0:06:53 | |
-He lived here in Cwm Cynfal, -near Llan Ffestiniog... | 0:06:53 | 0:06:58 | |
-..between circa 1568 and 1630. | 0:06:58 | 0:07:01 | |
-Because he was the seventh son -of a seventh son.... | 0:07:01 | 0:07:05 | |
-..people believed -he could foresee the future. | 0:07:05 | 0:07:09 | |
-Huw had been a soldier -in a Welsh regiment... | 0:07:10 | 0:07:14 | |
-..in Charles I's army, -fighting in Europe against Spain. | 0:07:14 | 0:07:18 | |
-This made him a man -of strong character... | 0:07:18 | 0:07:22 | |
-..used to leading -and able to influence people. | 0:07:22 | 0:07:27 | |
-These were very useful -talents for a cunning man. | 0:07:27 | 0:07:31 | |
-Huw also had a thorough -knowledge of herbal medicines. | 0:07:33 | 0:07:38 | |
-People flocked from far and near -to see him for treatment. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:43 | |
-Huw Llwyd gave them -this help here... | 0:07:43 | 0:07:47 | |
-..on the rock -in the middle of the gorge. | 0:07:47 | 0:07:51 | |
-To this day, it's known -as Huw Llwyd's Pulpit. | 0:07:51 | 0:07:55 | |
-Apparently, he made his patients -stand on the rocky platform... | 0:07:55 | 0:08:00 | |
-..at the foot of the pulpit. | 0:08:00 | 0:08:02 | |
-He stood on the pulpit -in a big, black cloak. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:07 | |
-He had written mystic -signs in a circle. | 0:08:07 | 0:08:11 | |
-He would seem to "grab" the demons -that caused the ailments... | 0:08:11 | 0:08:15 | |
-..and throw them down the gorge, -over Rhaeadr Du waterfall... | 0:08:15 | 0:08:20 | |
-..into oblivion. | 0:08:21 | 0:08:22 | |
-That's a surgery for you! | 0:08:22 | 0:08:24 | |
-But some clergymen found the -cunning men's spells and magic... | 0:08:26 | 0:08:32 | |
-..very hard to stomach. | 0:08:32 | 0:08:34 | |
-In the 17th century, -Vicar Rhys Prichard complained... | 0:08:34 | 0:08:39 | |
-..that people flocked to the cunning -men, "like bees to a vinetree." | 0:08:40 | 0:08:45 | |
-While Rhys Prichard and his like... | 0:08:45 | 0:08:48 | |
-..were openly hostile -to the cunning men... | 0:08:48 | 0:08:51 | |
-..and their spells -and herbal remedies... | 0:08:51 | 0:08:55 | |
-..other men of the cloth chose -to embrace the natural world... | 0:08:55 | 0:09:00 | |
-..and all its mystic powers. | 0:09:00 | 0:09:02 | |
-When Hugh Davies finished -researching his book... | 0:09:02 | 0:09:07 | |
-..Welsh Botanology, -published in 1815... | 0:09:07 | 0:09:10 | |
-..he was the rector of Llandegfan, -Anglesey and Aber, Caernarfonshire. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:16 | |
-Naturalist Twm Elias sings from -the same hymn sheet as Hugh Davies. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:24 | |
-Why were clergymen like Hugh -Davies interested in plant life? | 0:09:24 | 0:09:29 | |
-Well, they had to do -something during the week! | 0:09:29 | 0:09:32 | |
-After giving their sermon on Sunday, -they needed something to do. | 0:09:33 | 0:09:37 | |
-They were educated and were -interested in current affairs... | 0:09:38 | 0:09:42 | |
-..the natural world and developments -in agriculture and technology. | 0:09:42 | 0:09:47 | |
-Hugh Davies was -an expert in his field. | 0:09:47 | 0:09:52 | |
-He did excellent work. | 0:09:52 | 0:09:54 | |
-I saw that he lists -many names in the book. | 0:09:54 | 0:09:58 | |
-He was a cataloguer. | 0:09:58 | 0:10:00 | |
-This was the start -of the new descriptive period. | 0:10:00 | 0:10:05 | |
-There are many religious names -in the list, like Mair, Mary. | 0:10:05 | 0:10:09 | |
-I remember writing an article -in Y Naturiaethwr a few years ago. | 0:10:09 | 0:10:15 | |
-I discovered about 86 plant -names with Mair, Mary, in them. | 0:10:15 | 0:10:20 | |
-There were over -sixty different species. | 0:10:20 | 0:10:24 | |
-It's an interesting point. -Why was Mary so important? | 0:10:24 | 0:10:29 | |
-There seem to be two reasons. | 0:10:29 | 0:10:31 | |
-Maybe a pretty, -modestly bowed flower... | 0:10:32 | 0:10:35 | |
-..reminded people -of the Virgin Mary. | 0:10:35 | 0:10:39 | |
-But it also put the stamp -of the church and monastery... | 0:10:39 | 0:10:45 | |
-..on medicinal plants... | 0:10:45 | 0:10:47 | |
-..maybe to hijack -the old pagan, magical images... | 0:10:47 | 0:10:52 | |
-..associated with some of them. | 0:10:52 | 0:10:55 | |
-In Hugh Davies's day and before, -plants were medicine. | 0:10:55 | 0:10:59 | |
-In the old days, people used what -was around them. They were free. | 0:10:59 | 0:11:04 | |
-People had to pay a doctor, -so they used things that were free. | 0:11:05 | 0:11:10 | |
-Everyone used plants. | 0:11:10 | 0:11:12 | |
-But some things needed -the special skills... | 0:11:12 | 0:11:15 | |
-..of the white witch -or cunning folk. | 0:11:16 | 0:11:18 | |
-They had secret recipes. | 0:11:18 | 0:11:21 | |
-They were common materials, -but the recipe was secret. | 0:11:22 | 0:11:26 | |
-They couldn't earn a living -if everyone knew the recipe! | 0:11:26 | 0:11:30 | |
-Didn't that give them more mystique? | 0:11:30 | 0:11:33 | |
-The psychological element, -the belief in the medicine... | 0:11:33 | 0:11:38 | |
-..was an essential part -of the way it worked. | 0:11:38 | 0:11:43 | |
-Twm, I occasionally -suffer from an ailment... | 0:11:43 | 0:11:47 | |
-..often on Saturday morning, -a headache and stomach ache. | 0:11:47 | 0:11:52 | |
-Can you suggest something? | 0:11:52 | 0:11:53 | |
-Can you suggest something? - -As it happens, I do. Try this. | 0:11:53 | 0:11:55 | |
-Chamomile tea. -There's nothing better. | 0:11:56 | 0:11:59 | |
-Marvellous. Olden herbal -remedies in modern packaging. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:04 | |
-They're still going. | 0:12:04 | 0:12:05 | |
-They're still going. - -Why not? | 0:12:05 | 0:12:07 | |
-Later, I find out about -another famous cunning man. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:12 | |
-And I try to discover -if elements of sorcery... | 0:12:12 | 0:12:16 | |
-..still exist in our society. | 0:12:17 | 0:12:19 | |
-. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:19 | |
-Subtitles | 0:12:25 | 0:12:25 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:12:25 | 0:12:27 | |
-The relationship -between magic and religion... | 0:12:31 | 0:12:35 | |
-..has always interested me. | 0:12:35 | 0:12:37 | |
-The conjurer, -white witch and cunning man... | 0:12:38 | 0:12:42 | |
-..were a vital part of the story. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:45 | |
-The papers of Wales's -most famous cunning man... | 0:12:46 | 0:12:50 | |
-..John Harries of Cwrt-y-cadno... | 0:12:50 | 0:12:52 | |
-..are kept here -in the National Library Of Wales. | 0:12:52 | 0:12:56 | |
-I've been given special -permission to see them. | 0:12:56 | 0:13:00 | |
-Here are the documents and books. -What do we have, David? | 0:13:01 | 0:13:06 | |
-This is a list -of John Harries's patients... | 0:13:06 | 0:13:10 | |
-..showing what he gave them -and how much they paid. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:15 | |
-For example, in 1816, -Thomas Harry Smith of Penrhiw... | 0:13:15 | 0:13:19 | |
-..bought a few things, costing -seven shillings and seven pence. | 0:13:19 | 0:13:23 | |
-That was a lot of money at the time. | 0:13:23 | 0:13:24 | |
-That was a lot of money at the time. - -Yes. | 0:13:24 | 0:13:25 | |
-People were ready to pay. | 0:13:26 | 0:13:28 | |
-They had faith in him. | 0:13:28 | 0:13:29 | |
-They had faith in him. - -They travelled a long way too. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:31 | |
-Yes, there are addresses -all over the place. | 0:13:31 | 0:13:34 | |
-There are hundreds of names. -That's only one book. | 0:13:35 | 0:13:39 | |
-Here, we have a book of treatments. | 0:13:39 | 0:13:41 | |
-This shows ingredients, like -mistletoe and cathartic mixture. | 0:13:41 | 0:13:49 | |
-He didn't only treat medical cases. | 0:13:49 | 0:13:51 | |
-There were all kinds of requests. | 0:13:52 | 0:13:54 | |
-People wrote to him -asking for horoscopes. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:59 | |
-He used astrology and astronomy. | 0:13:59 | 0:14:02 | |
-For example, here... | 0:14:03 | 0:14:05 | |
-..someone writes to him, saying... | 0:14:05 | 0:14:07 | |
-"..I have wrote to a certain person -and I have spoke to her once. | 0:14:08 | 0:14:12 | |
-"I do not know is that person -to be my wedded wife or not. | 0:14:12 | 0:14:16 | |
-"I shall leave it to you to judge. | 0:14:16 | 0:14:19 | |
-"She lies south ward from where I do -live, about 16 miles distance... | 0:14:19 | 0:14:24 | |
-"..in Abergavenny." | 0:14:24 | 0:14:26 | |
-He's the Russell Grant of his day. | 0:14:26 | 0:14:27 | |
-He's the Russell Grant of his day. - -He's expected to sort it out! | 0:14:27 | 0:14:30 | |
-This is a kind of horoscope. | 0:14:30 | 0:14:33 | |
-If people wrote to him -with their personal details... | 0:14:34 | 0:14:39 | |
-..John Harries used -documents like this... | 0:14:39 | 0:14:43 | |
-..a book of occult symbols. | 0:14:43 | 0:14:45 | |
-He had quite an extensive library. | 0:14:45 | 0:14:48 | |
-Here, we have a list -of the books in his library. | 0:14:48 | 0:14:54 | |
-He had at least 89 books, -which was quite a lot at the time. | 0:14:55 | 0:15:00 | |
-But one book isn't here... | 0:15:00 | 0:15:02 | |
-..the huge, renowned book, that was -always kept under lock and key... | 0:15:02 | 0:15:07 | |
-..and even chained too. | 0:15:07 | 0:15:09 | |
-The book of spells? | 0:15:10 | 0:15:11 | |
-The book of spells? - -Yes. | 0:15:11 | 0:15:12 | |
-When people came for advice... | 0:15:13 | 0:15:15 | |
-..he put it on the table, -very dramatically. | 0:15:15 | 0:15:18 | |
-He never opened it, because people -believed that demons lived in it. | 0:15:19 | 0:15:24 | |
-These books contained power -of some kind, or so people believed. | 0:15:24 | 0:15:29 | |
-And where is the book now? | 0:15:30 | 0:15:32 | |
-And where is the book now? - -No-one knows. | 0:15:32 | 0:15:34 | |
-John Harries lived in Cwrt-y-cadno. | 0:15:36 | 0:15:39 | |
-Many stories about him -have survived there... | 0:15:39 | 0:15:44 | |
-..and all over Carmarthenshire. | 0:15:45 | 0:15:47 | |
-John Harries appeared in court -here in Llandovery once... | 0:15:48 | 0:15:52 | |
-..before the magistrates Llwyd -of Glansefin and Gwyn of Glanbran. | 0:15:52 | 0:15:57 | |
-He was asked how on earth -he lead the authorities... | 0:15:57 | 0:16:01 | |
-..to the body of a murdered girl. | 0:16:01 | 0:16:03 | |
-Harries was suspected -of involvement in the murder. | 0:16:03 | 0:16:08 | |
-To prove his powers, -Harries told the magistrates... | 0:16:12 | 0:16:17 | |
-"..Tell me the hour -you came into the world... | 0:16:17 | 0:16:20 | |
-"..and I will tell you -the hour you depart." | 0:16:20 | 0:16:24 | |
-It seems the magistrates -weren't anxious to tempt fate. | 0:16:24 | 0:16:28 | |
-The case was abruptly closed. | 0:16:28 | 0:16:31 | |
-If Harries made the magistrates -more aware of their mortality... | 0:16:31 | 0:16:36 | |
-..how mortal was -John Harries himself? | 0:16:36 | 0:16:39 | |
-Historian Russell Davies, -an expert on this period... | 0:16:40 | 0:16:44 | |
-..has joined me -in the old Red Lion tavern. | 0:16:44 | 0:16:48 | |
-I asked him when did John Harries -shuffle off the mortal coil. | 0:16:48 | 0:16:53 | |
-There are many stories -about his powers. | 0:16:53 | 0:16:58 | |
-But the story of his death -is a moral tale... | 0:16:58 | 0:17:01 | |
-..that probably delighted -religious people at the time. | 0:17:01 | 0:17:06 | |
-Apparently, he foresaw -the date of his own death. | 0:17:06 | 0:17:10 | |
-To avoid his fate... | 0:17:10 | 0:17:12 | |
-..he stayed in bed all day. | 0:17:13 | 0:17:15 | |
-Unfortunately, the house burnt down. | 0:17:15 | 0:17:18 | |
-LAUGHTER | 0:17:18 | 0:17:19 | |
-Old Harries died in the fire. | 0:17:19 | 0:17:22 | |
-He was right. | 0:17:23 | 0:17:25 | |
-He was right. - -He had foretold the date. | 0:17:25 | 0:17:27 | |
-He didn't quite get it right. | 0:17:27 | 0:17:29 | |
-So was the 19th century -the golden age of the cunning man? | 0:17:30 | 0:17:35 | |
-I think it was. | 0:17:35 | 0:17:37 | |
-It's surprising how many -of them existed in certain areas. | 0:17:37 | 0:17:43 | |
-Between 1820 and 1850... | 0:17:43 | 0:17:46 | |
-..in a place like -Llandybie, Carmarthenshire... | 0:17:47 | 0:17:51 | |
-..there were three wise men. | 0:17:51 | 0:17:54 | |
-It's hard to believe, but there were -three wise men active in Llandybie. | 0:17:54 | 0:17:59 | |
-Witches and wise, or cunning men -provided an important service. | 0:18:00 | 0:18:03 | |
-Definitely. People -felt they had many enemies. | 0:18:04 | 0:18:07 | |
-It's difficult for religion to get -rid of some of those enemies. | 0:18:07 | 0:18:12 | |
-Religion had many -supernatural beings, like angels. | 0:18:13 | 0:18:17 | |
-If people are allowed -to believe in those... | 0:18:18 | 0:18:22 | |
-..why not believe in fairies, -Cwn Annwn and the Toili? | 0:18:22 | 0:18:27 | |
-Those were what people -in Wales really feared. | 0:18:28 | 0:18:32 | |
-Do you mean the powers -of evil, the devil? | 0:18:32 | 0:18:36 | |
-Certainly. | 0:18:36 | 0:18:37 | |
-The devil is almost a constant -character in Wales's history. | 0:18:37 | 0:18:42 | |
-He turned up in many places. | 0:18:42 | 0:18:45 | |
-There were stories about card games -in places like Bethesda and Risca... | 0:18:46 | 0:18:51 | |
-..when the devil was -one of the players. | 0:18:51 | 0:18:55 | |
-He might join us -for a game of poker. | 0:18:55 | 0:18:59 | |
-We'd better look out. | 0:18:59 | 0:19:01 | |
-These stories about the devil -show that people really believed... | 0:19:02 | 0:19:07 | |
-..in a spiritual world -and the forces of evil. | 0:19:07 | 0:19:11 | |
-People were really afraid. | 0:19:11 | 0:19:13 | |
-At the time... | 0:19:13 | 0:19:15 | |
-..they were prepared -to turn to witches or cunning men... | 0:19:15 | 0:19:20 | |
-..to anyone who could help them. | 0:19:20 | 0:19:23 | |
-Many of these old beliefs -were transformed... | 0:19:23 | 0:19:28 | |
-..when electricity came -to the countryside, all over Wales. | 0:19:28 | 0:19:33 | |
-All people had -to do was flick a switch... | 0:19:33 | 0:19:37 | |
-..and the old fears -started to disappear immediately. | 0:19:37 | 0:19:42 | |
-Are there still cunning men now? | 0:19:43 | 0:19:46 | |
-I'm sure if you went -to some remote rural areas... | 0:19:46 | 0:19:51 | |
-..you'd find a cunning man or two. | 0:19:51 | 0:19:53 | |
-One of the remote -areas Russell mentioned... | 0:19:57 | 0:20:02 | |
-..is an hour north of Llandovery. | 0:20:02 | 0:20:05 | |
-It's an agricultural area. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:08 | |
-In areas like this, -the cunning men's healing skills... | 0:20:08 | 0:20:12 | |
-..and ability to protect a farmer's -livelihood from risk was vital. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:18 | |
-Erwyd, how are things? | 0:20:18 | 0:20:19 | |
-Erwyd, how are things? - -You've arrived. | 0:20:19 | 0:20:21 | |
-At last! | 0:20:21 | 0:20:23 | |
-Erwyd Howells has evidence -of the existence of cunning men... | 0:20:23 | 0:20:28 | |
-..or the "Cwnjer", conjuror, -until fairly recently. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:32 | |
-What do you remember -about the cunning man? | 0:20:33 | 0:20:36 | |
-I remember the Llangurig -Cwnjer, Edward Davies... | 0:20:36 | 0:20:40 | |
-..or Ned y Fagwyr, as he was known. | 0:20:40 | 0:20:42 | |
-He was a very rounded man -in every way. | 0:20:42 | 0:20:46 | |
-He played the piano, -he was a fine shot. | 0:20:46 | 0:20:50 | |
-I heard one story. -I don't know how true it is. | 0:20:50 | 0:20:56 | |
-One common problem -in days gone by... | 0:20:56 | 0:21:00 | |
-..was when churning milk -and it wouldn't turn to butter. | 0:21:01 | 0:21:05 | |
-The people were told to take -the strainer to a certain field... | 0:21:05 | 0:21:11 | |
-..and bury it at a certain depth. | 0:21:11 | 0:21:14 | |
-The truth of the situation was -that the strainer wasn't clean. | 0:21:14 | 0:21:20 | |
-Lack of cleanliness was the cause. | 0:21:20 | 0:21:23 | |
-After burying the strainer, -they had to buy a new one. | 0:21:23 | 0:21:27 | |
-Mysteriously, -the problem was solved! | 0:21:28 | 0:21:30 | |
-But some things are hard to explain. | 0:21:30 | 0:21:33 | |
-Like that thread? | 0:21:33 | 0:21:35 | |
-A woman from Aberystwyth -showed me... | 0:21:35 | 0:21:40 | |
-...the ritual of curing -sickness of the heart. | 0:21:40 | 0:21:43 | |
-What is sickness of the heart? | 0:21:44 | 0:21:46 | |
-Depression. | 0:21:46 | 0:21:48 | |
-It was called sickness of the heart. | 0:21:48 | 0:21:51 | |
-The distance between the finger -and the patient's finger... | 0:21:52 | 0:21:57 | |
-..measured the depth -of one's depression. | 0:21:57 | 0:22:01 | |
-How serious it was. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:04 | |
-The thread was measured three times. | 0:22:04 | 0:22:08 | |
-From elbow to fingertip? | 0:22:08 | 0:22:11 | |
-Yes. | 0:22:11 | 0:22:13 | |
-That's it. | 0:22:13 | 0:22:14 | |
-We measure for the third time. | 0:22:16 | 0:22:19 | |
-Of course, certain -words were recited. | 0:22:21 | 0:22:24 | |
-That's very near. | 0:22:25 | 0:22:26 | |
-I have a tiny bit of depression! | 0:22:27 | 0:22:29 | |
-I'm not bad, only half an inch. | 0:22:29 | 0:22:31 | |
-I'm not bad, only half an inch. - -That's not bad. | 0:22:31 | 0:22:33 | |
-As I said, these things -are very difficult to explain. | 0:22:34 | 0:22:38 | |
-It sounds psychosomatic. | 0:22:38 | 0:22:40 | |
-Something like that is behind it. | 0:22:41 | 0:22:43 | |
-For eleven years... | 0:22:43 | 0:22:45 | |
-..I've worn one sock inside out, -to ward against tonsillitis. | 0:22:45 | 0:22:50 | |
-I used to get it all the time. -I've never had it since. | 0:22:50 | 0:22:55 | |
-It might be psychological. | 0:22:55 | 0:22:57 | |
-If it works, it doesn't matter. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:01 | |
-Whatever the reason is, -so long as it works. | 0:23:01 | 0:23:05 | |
-The secrets of the universe, -some psychology, education... | 0:23:05 | 0:23:09 | |
-..and listening. -It's very interesting. | 0:23:09 | 0:23:12 | |
-And a little business acumen too. | 0:23:13 | 0:23:15 | |
-Of course. | 0:23:15 | 0:23:16 | |
-A Cardiganshire man -would know all about that! | 0:23:17 | 0:23:20 | |
-Every time! | 0:23:20 | 0:23:22 | |
-It's been a pleasure. -I could stay here all evening. | 0:23:22 | 0:23:26 | |
-Bye. | 0:23:26 | 0:23:27 | |
-Bye. - -Bye. | 0:23:27 | 0:23:28 | |
-The tension -between magic and religion... | 0:23:30 | 0:23:34 | |
-..between logic and superstition... | 0:23:34 | 0:23:36 | |
-..turns up time after time -in our nation's history. | 0:23:36 | 0:23:41 | |
-More than that, belief -in mysticism and the invisible... | 0:23:41 | 0:23:45 | |
-..colours our popular culture... | 0:23:46 | 0:23:48 | |
-..and is an integral part -of our national heritage. | 0:23:48 | 0:23:52 | |
-And in this modern, -technological age... | 0:23:53 | 0:23:57 | |
-..and all its hustle and bustle... | 0:23:57 | 0:24:00 | |
-..I attain a sort -of comfort in thinking... | 0:24:00 | 0:24:03 | |
-..that a few unconventional -elements, even magical ones... | 0:24:03 | 0:24:08 | |
-..might still exist -in certain places in Wales. | 0:24:08 | 0:24:12 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Gwead | 0:24:30 | 0:24:32 | |
-. | 0:24:32 | 0:24:32 |