Rhaglen 3 Darn Bach o Hanes
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-In the 19th century, Wales and the -world saw amazing industrial growth. | 0:00:25 | 0:00:33 | |
-Despite the economic prosperity, -society had its faults. | 0:00:33 | 0:00:38 | |
-There was no welfare state -of course, no health service... | 0:00:39 | 0:00:44 | |
-..or social security benefits. | 0:00:45 | 0:00:47 | |
-True, trade unions were -established in the 1820s. | 0:00:47 | 0:00:51 | |
-But they weren't very influential -for some time after that. | 0:00:51 | 0:00:56 | |
-The main reason for that... | 0:00:57 | 0:00:59 | |
-..was that the vast majority -of workers were members... | 0:00:59 | 0:01:04 | |
-..of friendly societies. | 0:01:05 | 0:01:07 | |
-These societies worked -as a kind of insurance company... | 0:01:08 | 0:01:12 | |
-..helping their members by paying -for treatment if they were ill. | 0:01:12 | 0:01:17 | |
-There were 10,000 friendly -societies in Britain in 1802. | 0:01:20 | 0:01:25 | |
-By 1815, one in every twelve -workers was a member of one. | 0:01:25 | 0:01:30 | |
-The successors of the early -friendly societies... | 0:01:31 | 0:01:34 | |
-..can be seen in our high streets. | 0:01:35 | 0:01:36 | |
-Words like mutual and friendly... | 0:01:37 | 0:01:40 | |
-..seen in some of their -literature, reveal their origins. | 0:01:40 | 0:01:44 | |
-At first, they were local, -independent clubs... | 0:01:45 | 0:01:49 | |
-..within a specific profession, like -gardeners, foresters or sailors. | 0:01:49 | 0:01:54 | |
-The Buffaloes Benefit Order -was founded to help actors. | 0:01:54 | 0:01:59 | |
-There was a branch -in Pembroke Dock, of all places. | 0:01:59 | 0:02:03 | |
-Although there were many of them... | 0:02:04 | 0:02:06 | |
-..most of the early clubs' -foundations were quite shaky. | 0:02:06 | 0:02:10 | |
-But here in Wrexham, one group was -much more stable and influential. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:16 | |
-Thanks. | 0:02:16 | 0:02:18 | |
-Its name was the Ivorites, -or to give its full title... | 0:02:19 | 0:02:24 | |
-..the Philanthropic Order -Of True Ivorites. | 0:02:24 | 0:02:28 | |
-By the way, I've come to this pub... | 0:02:28 | 0:02:30 | |
-..for totally valid -historical reasons. | 0:02:31 | 0:02:35 | |
-In 1836... | 0:02:37 | 0:02:39 | |
-..when the Ivorites were founded... | 0:02:39 | 0:02:42 | |
-..this pub was -called the Three Tuns. | 0:02:42 | 0:02:46 | |
-Apparently, one of the first -Ivorite lodges met here monthly. | 0:02:46 | 0:02:52 | |
-The Ivorites' lodges -met in taverns. | 0:02:52 | 0:02:57 | |
-And why not? | 0:02:58 | 0:03:00 | |
-Where else offered a ready-made -meeting place, like this? | 0:03:00 | 0:03:06 | |
-The friendly societies' structure -had a strong social element... | 0:03:06 | 0:03:11 | |
-..as well as a practical one. | 0:03:12 | 0:03:14 | |
-Meeting in pubs -promoted fraternity... | 0:03:14 | 0:03:18 | |
-..and solidarity between Ivorites. | 0:03:18 | 0:03:22 | |
-It wasn't a secret society, -like the Freemasons. | 0:03:23 | 0:03:28 | |
-But there were similar aspects. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:32 | |
-They published a booklet -of specific "grips" and "signs"... | 0:03:32 | 0:03:37 | |
-..that every member had to learn, -to prepare for various situations. | 0:03:37 | 0:03:43 | |
-"A member greeting officials -when arriving at the Lodge. | 0:03:45 | 0:03:48 | |
-"To recognize a brother -without talking to him. | 0:03:48 | 0:03:51 | |
-"The brother's response. | 0:03:51 | 0:03:54 | |
-"Warning a brother of danger. | 0:03:54 | 0:03:56 | |
-"Ensuring a brother of safety -without speaking to him. | 0:03:56 | 0:04:01 | |
-"The sign of the Blue Grade." | 0:04:01 | 0:04:04 | |
-They invented a secret code... | 0:04:05 | 0:04:07 | |
-..which the members had to learn, -to communicate with each other... | 0:04:07 | 0:04:12 | |
-..on certain occasions. | 0:04:13 | 0:04:15 | |
-For example, what does this say? | 0:04:15 | 0:04:17 | |
-No? | 0:04:19 | 0:04:20 | |
-What it says is "Prysor's pint". | 0:04:22 | 0:04:25 | |
-Here's my pint. | 0:04:25 | 0:04:27 | |
-The Ivorites' secret code. | 0:04:27 | 0:04:29 | |
-Although the code book -is very valuable... | 0:04:31 | 0:04:35 | |
-..not much archival -material has survived. | 0:04:35 | 0:04:39 | |
-Wrexham was important -in the history of Ivorism. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:42 | |
-I'm sure the local museum's stores -will reveal more treasures. | 0:04:42 | 0:04:47 | |
-Nia Jones, a librarian from Mold... | 0:04:47 | 0:04:50 | |
-..has studied the early -days of the movement. | 0:04:50 | 0:04:54 | |
-Here it is. | 0:04:55 | 0:04:56 | |
-Here it is. - -Right. | 0:04:56 | 0:04:57 | |
-What we have here, as you see... | 0:04:58 | 0:05:00 | |
-..are the Rules And Regulations -Of The Society Of True Ivorites. | 0:05:01 | 0:05:06 | |
-This goes back to the date -the Ivorites were founded, 1836. | 0:05:06 | 0:05:12 | |
-It looks like it too. | 0:05:13 | 0:05:14 | |
-It looks like it too. - -Yes. | 0:05:14 | 0:05:15 | |
-It shows the marks of much use. | 0:05:15 | 0:05:17 | |
-It's very fragile. | 0:05:17 | 0:05:19 | |
-On the cover is the logo, -the two hands... | 0:05:19 | 0:05:24 | |
-..depicting the society's aims, -to support one another. | 0:05:24 | 0:05:29 | |
-It was a good thing, -in the absence of a health service. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:34 | |
-It was a hard time. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:36 | |
-Especially here, in the coal mines. | 0:05:36 | 0:05:38 | |
-Especially here, in the coal mines. - -Exactly. | 0:05:38 | 0:05:39 | |
-TR Jones founded the society. | 0:05:40 | 0:05:43 | |
-He was a cobbler by trade. | 0:05:43 | 0:05:45 | |
-He came from Llanefydd, -near Denbigh. | 0:05:45 | 0:05:49 | |
-It's typical of the age. | 0:05:49 | 0:05:52 | |
-Artisans and craftsmen -led the way in reform... | 0:05:52 | 0:05:56 | |
-..and in helping people. | 0:05:56 | 0:05:58 | |
-They were striving to think -of ways to improve their world... | 0:05:59 | 0:06:04 | |
-..and to help people -in their communities too. | 0:06:04 | 0:06:08 | |
-It was an idea -that caught on at the time. | 0:06:09 | 0:06:12 | |
-People with similar ideals -agreed with him. | 0:06:12 | 0:06:15 | |
-They began in this area, -but they spread all over Wales. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:22 | |
-Because of its early popularity... | 0:06:24 | 0:06:26 | |
-..from 1840, branches were -founded in all the old counties. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:31 | |
-By the end of the century, -the membership in Glamorgan... | 0:06:31 | 0:06:36 | |
-..leapt up to 14,000. | 0:06:36 | 0:06:38 | |
-There were even lodges in the USA. | 0:06:39 | 0:06:42 | |
-Right! | 0:06:46 | 0:06:47 | |
-I've got something to show you, -if I can find it. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:53 | |
-The journey to find -traces of the movement... | 0:06:57 | 0:07:00 | |
-..has led me to the old cemetery -of Capel Y Pil, near Kenfig Hill. | 0:07:00 | 0:07:05 | |
-Ah, here it is. | 0:07:11 | 0:07:13 | |
-It's fine writing. | 0:07:15 | 0:07:17 | |
-"This monument was laid... | 0:07:18 | 0:07:21 | |
-"..on the grave of Isaac Williams... | 0:07:21 | 0:07:23 | |
-"..by the Llywelyn Ab Ifor -Lodge Of True Ivorites... | 0:07:25 | 0:07:31 | |
-"..which met at the Prince -Of Wales, Kenfig Hill... | 0:07:31 | 0:07:36 | |
-"..as a sign of respect -to his memory... | 0:07:36 | 0:07:40 | |
-"..as a loyal, peaceful Ivor... | 0:07:40 | 0:07:44 | |
-"..and a true and honest -Secretary to the Lodge... | 0:07:45 | 0:07:50 | |
-"..for 16 years." | 0:07:50 | 0:07:52 | |
-Isn't that nice? | 0:07:53 | 0:07:55 | |
-It's a worthy memorial to him... | 0:07:55 | 0:07:58 | |
-..from his brothers -in the fraternity... | 0:07:58 | 0:08:02 | |
-..for his service -to the lodge over the years. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:06 | |
-It doesn't mention his wife. | 0:08:07 | 0:08:09 | |
-We're not sure -if they paid for the funerals... | 0:08:09 | 0:08:13 | |
-..of members' wives and family, -but they paid for members' funerals. | 0:08:14 | 0:08:19 | |
-Every member of a lodge -had to go to the funeral... | 0:08:19 | 0:08:24 | |
-..as a sign of friendship -and fraternity. | 0:08:24 | 0:08:29 | |
-When you think about it, that is, -or that was, the Ivorites' motto. | 0:08:29 | 0:08:35 | |
-Friendship, love and truth. | 0:08:35 | 0:08:38 | |
-In Carmarthenshire, -Ivorism was very deeply rooted. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:59 | |
-At its height, there were 76 lodges, -each with its own name. | 0:08:59 | 0:09:05 | |
-In Cil-y-cwm, -a village near Llandovery... | 0:09:07 | 0:09:10 | |
-..the William Williams -Pantycelyn Lodge was founded. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:14 | |
-The members met every month -in the pub, the Neuadd Fawr Arms. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:21 | |
-Another pub. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:26 | |
-Ah, well, I'd better -maintain the tradition. | 0:09:26 | 0:09:30 | |
-To tell us about the Ivorite -lodges' organization... | 0:09:31 | 0:09:35 | |
-..is Dr Steven Thompson, an expert -on welfare provision in this period. | 0:09:36 | 0:09:40 | |
-I've got a pint for you. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:42 | |
-I've got a pint for you. - -Thanks. Will the lodge pay? | 0:09:42 | 0:09:45 | |
-Cheers. | 0:09:45 | 0:09:47 | |
-Can you tell us about -the friendly societies' membership? | 0:09:47 | 0:09:52 | |
-Most of the friendly societies' -members in the 19th century... | 0:09:52 | 0:09:56 | |
-..came from the working class. | 0:09:56 | 0:09:59 | |
-They worked in coal mines, -iron works or the railways. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:03 | |
-In a rural area like this... | 0:10:03 | 0:10:05 | |
-..they were farmers, agricultural -labourers and other craftsmen... | 0:10:06 | 0:10:11 | |
-..like cobblers, weavers and so on. | 0:10:11 | 0:10:14 | |
-So these people were in charge -of the box in each lodge. | 0:10:14 | 0:10:20 | |
-Ah! I see you have a box. | 0:10:20 | 0:10:21 | |
-Ah! I see you have a box. - -This is the Cil-y-cwm Lodge box. | 0:10:21 | 0:10:23 | |
-It's full of the lodge's papers. | 0:10:24 | 0:10:27 | |
-There are three keyholes. | 0:10:27 | 0:10:30 | |
-Why was that? | 0:10:30 | 0:10:32 | |
-In the time before chip and pin... | 0:10:32 | 0:10:34 | |
-..boxes like this were needed. | 0:10:35 | 0:10:37 | |
-Every friendly society had a similar -box, with three different keys. | 0:10:37 | 0:10:42 | |
-The keys were kept by the society's -president, the treasurer... | 0:10:42 | 0:10:47 | |
-..and the pub landlord too. | 0:10:47 | 0:10:49 | |
-So a lot of money was kept in it. | 0:10:49 | 0:10:52 | |
-But today, it's documents. | 0:10:52 | 0:10:54 | |
-Minutes, rules, accounts. -There are all kinds of documents. | 0:10:54 | 0:10:59 | |
-Like accounts -of each member's payments. | 0:11:00 | 0:11:03 | |
-There was an initial fee... | 0:11:03 | 0:11:05 | |
-..ten or fifteen shillings, -depending on age. | 0:11:06 | 0:11:10 | |
-You paid more if you were older. | 0:11:10 | 0:11:13 | |
-Then there was -a weekly or monthly fee. | 0:11:13 | 0:11:16 | |
-Here in Cil-y-cwm, they paid -one shilling and two pence a month. | 0:11:16 | 0:11:20 | |
-The documents also -show the benefits paid. | 0:11:21 | 0:11:25 | |
-Sickness benefits, funeral expenses. | 0:11:25 | 0:11:28 | |
-Here, members received -seven shillings a week. | 0:11:28 | 0:11:33 | |
-It was quite a risk -for friendly societies. | 0:11:34 | 0:11:37 | |
-In the mid 19th century, newspapers -in Merthyr Tydfil reported... | 0:11:37 | 0:11:42 | |
-..that many friendly societies -failed after a cholera epidemic. | 0:11:42 | 0:11:47 | |
-What else did they pay for? -Did they employ doctors? | 0:11:48 | 0:11:52 | |
-Doctors were very important -to the societies. | 0:11:53 | 0:11:56 | |
-A doctor was paid to certify -that a person was healthy enough... | 0:11:56 | 0:12:01 | |
-..to be a lodge member. | 0:12:01 | 0:12:03 | |
-That makes sense! | 0:12:03 | 0:12:05 | |
-The doctor was also paid to state -that a claimant really was ill... | 0:12:05 | 0:12:12 | |
-..so he could receive benefits. | 0:12:12 | 0:12:14 | |
-What about the friendly societies' -relationship with the state? | 0:12:14 | 0:12:19 | |
-The 19th century was an age -of laissez-faire government. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:24 | |
-Voluntary work by friendly societies -was very important in this context. | 0:12:24 | 0:12:29 | |
-Many friendly society -officials weren't happy... | 0:12:29 | 0:12:33 | |
-..about state intervention -in economic and social matters. | 0:12:33 | 0:12:36 | |
-For example, early -in the 20th century... | 0:12:37 | 0:12:40 | |
-..Lloyd George introduced -the National Insurance Act. | 0:12:40 | 0:12:44 | |
-The friendly societies -weren't happy for the state... | 0:12:44 | 0:12:48 | |
-..to take over these matters. | 0:12:48 | 0:12:50 | |
-Thank you. It's been -very interesting. | 0:12:50 | 0:12:54 | |
-There are secret handshakes, but -we'll shake hands as we usually do. | 0:12:54 | 0:12:59 | |
-LAUGHTER | 0:13:00 | 0:13:01 | |
-Later, I continue to make friends. | 0:13:02 | 0:13:05 | |
-And I see the feminine side to Ivor, -in another pub, of course. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:11 | |
-. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:11 | |
-Subtitles | 0:13:17 | 0:13:17 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:13:17 | 0:13:19 | |
-I'm learning about the Philanthropic -Order Of True Ivorites... | 0:13:22 | 0:13:27 | |
-..a 19th century -Welsh friendly society. | 0:13:27 | 0:13:31 | |
-Although Ivorites shared -the same social ideals... | 0:13:31 | 0:13:35 | |
-..as other friendly -societies of the day... | 0:13:35 | 0:13:39 | |
-..one aspect set them apart. | 0:13:39 | 0:13:41 | |
-That was their Welsh origins. | 0:13:42 | 0:13:44 | |
-And even more importantly, -their support of Welsh literature. | 0:13:44 | 0:13:49 | |
-This is shown -in their choice of name. | 0:13:49 | 0:13:52 | |
-They chose Ivorites after -Ifor Hael, the chief patron... | 0:13:53 | 0:13:57 | |
-..of Wales's greatest poet in -the 14th century, Dafydd ap Gwilym. | 0:13:57 | 0:14:01 | |
-Sponsoring, supporting -and protecting Welsh culture... | 0:14:01 | 0:14:05 | |
-..was quintessential -to the Ivorites' ethos. | 0:14:05 | 0:14:09 | |
-This can be seen in the opening -paragraph of their handbook. | 0:14:09 | 0:14:14 | |
-"The Society Of The True Ivorites... | 0:14:14 | 0:14:16 | |
-"..wishes to preserve -the Welsh language... | 0:14:17 | 0:14:20 | |
-"..to preserve its members -from need as far as possible... | 0:14:20 | 0:14:24 | |
-"..and to unite every Welshman, -to aid one another." | 0:14:25 | 0:14:30 | |
-One leading cultural figure -in the movement was Evan James... | 0:14:31 | 0:14:35 | |
-..the author of our national -anthem, of course. | 0:14:35 | 0:14:39 | |
-James had written -a poem for the Ivorites... | 0:14:39 | 0:14:43 | |
-..which is similar -to the anthem in style and content. | 0:14:43 | 0:14:46 | |
-"Our dear ancestors -were a peaceful nation | 0:14:47 | 0:14:51 | |
-"Who suffered long tyranny -under foreign hands | 0:14:51 | 0:14:54 | |
-"Patriotism fires our hearts | 0:14:55 | 0:14:58 | |
-"We cannot forget -the feats of ancient times | 0:14:58 | 0:15:01 | |
-"Will we neglect -our forefathers' sweet language? | 0:15:01 | 0:15:05 | |
-"No, never, -say all the Ivorites" | 0:15:05 | 0:15:10 | |
-But the Ivorites -weren't a political movement. | 0:15:13 | 0:15:17 | |
-Many of the friendly societies -had political agendas. | 0:15:17 | 0:15:22 | |
-The Ivorites' politics -were conservative... | 0:15:22 | 0:15:26 | |
-..that is, conservative -with a small "c". | 0:15:27 | 0:15:30 | |
-As the Rebecca Riots swept across -Carmarthenshire in 1842 and 1843... | 0:15:33 | 0:15:38 | |
-..the movement expressed opposition. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:41 | |
-The Talog Lodge, near Carmarthen, -passed regulations to ensure... | 0:15:42 | 0:15:46 | |
-..that any member found to take part -in the riot was to be expelled. | 0:15:46 | 0:15:51 | |
-No, what was really important -to the Ivorites was Welshness... | 0:15:51 | 0:15:55 | |
-..and promoting Welsh education. | 0:15:56 | 0:15:58 | |
-In the beginning, speaking -English in meetings was banned. | 0:15:58 | 0:16:03 | |
-The movement founded -dozens of local eisteddfodau... | 0:16:04 | 0:16:08 | |
-..with the aim of promoting -Welsh culture and the language. | 0:16:08 | 0:16:13 | |
-I've come to Ammanford -to meet Dana Edwards. | 0:16:14 | 0:16:18 | |
-Dana works for the Eisteddfodau -Of Wales Society... | 0:16:18 | 0:16:22 | |
-..which shares the same -cultural ideals as the Ivorites. | 0:16:23 | 0:16:27 | |
-The Ivorites certainly did -fine work for eisteddfodau. | 0:16:27 | 0:16:31 | |
-They wanted to organize events -in Welsh to attract more members. | 0:16:32 | 0:16:36 | |
-But they also saw the influx of -people to Wales who spoke no Welsh. | 0:16:37 | 0:16:42 | |
-They saw a threat to the Welsh -language and way of life. | 0:16:43 | 0:16:46 | |
-They organized eisteddfodau -to counter the threat. | 0:16:47 | 0:16:50 | |
-We do the same thing, -150 years later. | 0:16:50 | 0:16:53 | |
-With many people moving in... | 0:16:53 | 0:16:55 | |
-..we try to do something -to restore Welsh in our communities. | 0:16:55 | 0:17:00 | |
-We've come to the former site -of the Ivorite Hall. | 0:17:01 | 0:17:06 | |
-The hall was so impressive, -they changed the street name. | 0:17:06 | 0:17:11 | |
-It's Hall Street now, -formerly Chapel Street. | 0:17:11 | 0:17:16 | |
-It was a really huge hall, which -could seat around 1,600 people. | 0:17:16 | 0:17:22 | |
-It's long gone now. | 0:17:22 | 0:17:24 | |
-They also tried holding -peripatetic eisteddfodau. | 0:17:24 | 0:17:28 | |
-They did. This was in 1840... | 0:17:28 | 0:17:30 | |
-..20 years before the National -Eisteddfod became peripatetic. | 0:17:31 | 0:17:35 | |
-I don't know how successful it was. | 0:17:35 | 0:17:38 | |
-They had more success -with the local eisteddfodau... | 0:17:38 | 0:17:41 | |
-..with thousands in the audiences. | 0:17:42 | 0:17:44 | |
-An eisteddfod held in a tent near -the Red Cow tavern in Llandybie... | 0:17:44 | 0:17:49 | |
-..had an audience of 900. | 0:17:49 | 0:17:51 | |
-We'd be very happy with that today. | 0:17:51 | 0:17:53 | |
-I wonder, was the eisteddfod -the attraction, or the Red Cow?! | 0:17:54 | 0:17:57 | |
-The eisteddfod, I think! | 0:17:57 | 0:17:59 | |
-Eisteddfodau were held on holidays, -like New Year's Day... | 0:17:59 | 0:18:04 | |
-..or even Christmas, -so that workers could attend. | 0:18:04 | 0:18:09 | |
-As a child, long ago in Trawsfynydd, -I did well in art competitions. | 0:18:09 | 0:18:14 | |
-I won small sums of pocket money, -up to a pound, as a prize. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:19 | |
-You offer prizes. -Did the Ivorites too? | 0:18:19 | 0:18:24 | |
-In 1936, the Ivorites offered -a prize of half a guinea... | 0:18:24 | 0:18:29 | |
-..for a poem to celebrate -their centenary. | 0:18:29 | 0:18:34 | |
-That was a worthwhile prize. | 0:18:34 | 0:18:36 | |
-Indeed. A lot of money. | 0:18:36 | 0:18:37 | |
-Indeed. A lot of money. - -It was. | 0:18:37 | 0:18:39 | |
-Right then! We know about -their social conscience... | 0:18:41 | 0:18:45 | |
-..and their love of culture. | 0:18:46 | 0:18:48 | |
-But the society was progressive -in another direction too. | 0:18:48 | 0:18:53 | |
-There was a branch for women. | 0:18:53 | 0:18:56 | |
-To tell us about the Ivoresses... | 0:18:57 | 0:18:59 | |
-..Professor Gwennan Schiavone -has lured me to another pub... | 0:18:59 | 0:19:03 | |
-..this time in Porth-y-rhyd. | 0:19:03 | 0:19:05 | |
-Why have you brought me to this pub? | 0:19:06 | 0:19:07 | |
-Why have you brought me to this pub? - -It's a special pub. | 0:19:07 | 0:19:09 | |
-Back in 1843... | 0:19:09 | 0:19:11 | |
-..it was known -as the Saxe-Coburg Tavern. | 0:19:11 | 0:19:16 | |
-Aha! Presently the Prince Of Wales. | 0:19:16 | 0:19:18 | |
-Aha! Presently the Prince Of Wales. - -Exactly. | 0:19:18 | 0:19:19 | |
-The Society Of The Ivoresses -set out in a procession from here. | 0:19:20 | 0:19:25 | |
-They went to a nearby chapel for a -sermon then returned here for lunch. | 0:19:25 | 0:19:30 | |
-They had a business meeting, -then a celebration. | 0:19:30 | 0:19:34 | |
-It sounds quite a shindig. | 0:19:35 | 0:19:37 | |
-Not what you'd expect -of a crowd of women, after chapel. | 0:19:37 | 0:19:42 | |
-There was quite a lot of pomp -involved in these processions. | 0:19:42 | 0:19:47 | |
-Did bands take part in the march, -with music and flags? | 0:19:47 | 0:19:52 | |
-It's difficult to be -precise about the march. | 0:19:53 | 0:19:58 | |
-But they very often had bands... | 0:19:58 | 0:20:00 | |
-..or they paid musicians -to take part in ceremonies. | 0:20:00 | 0:20:05 | |
-But they did have a banner. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:07 | |
-Banners were important -in the friendly societies. | 0:20:07 | 0:20:11 | |
-It was a visual symbol... | 0:20:11 | 0:20:13 | |
-..with images that were -significant for their society. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:18 | |
-In a way, it was a symbol -of the society's identity. | 0:20:18 | 0:20:22 | |
-I'm not suggesting that -women are dangerous in a pub! | 0:20:23 | 0:20:27 | |
-But were there rules? | 0:20:27 | 0:20:29 | |
-If someone wanted to speak, -they had to wait for silence. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:34 | |
-The fact that there were rules... | 0:20:34 | 0:20:37 | |
-..suggests that people needed to -be told how to behave in meetings. | 0:20:37 | 0:20:42 | |
-In the same way, rules about -drunkenness and misbehaviour... | 0:20:42 | 0:20:48 | |
-..suggests there was some revelry. | 0:20:48 | 0:20:52 | |
-It must have been an escape... | 0:20:52 | 0:20:54 | |
-..from the daily grind, -and from the problems of the age. | 0:20:55 | 0:20:59 | |
-I'm sure it was. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:01 | |
-And they felt they -were doing something... | 0:21:02 | 0:21:06 | |
-..to improve their lives -and the lives of others... | 0:21:06 | 0:21:11 | |
-..as part of a movement where -they could depend on each other. | 0:21:11 | 0:21:17 | |
-That was the appeal, -certainly for women. | 0:21:17 | 0:21:21 | |
-I like this idea, that it belonged -to everyone in the community. | 0:21:21 | 0:21:26 | |
-Women could participate -and have a day out in the pub. | 0:21:26 | 0:21:30 | |
-On that note, I'll buy you a drink. | 0:21:30 | 0:21:32 | |
-I've been waiting quite a long time. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:35 | |
-I've been waiting quite a long time. - -Sorry! | 0:21:35 | 0:21:37 | |
-Defenders of social welfare, -Welsh culture and women's rights. | 0:21:39 | 0:21:44 | |
-That's quite a list. | 0:21:44 | 0:21:46 | |
-But what was the end of the story... | 0:21:46 | 0:21:48 | |
-..for the Philanthropic -Order Of True Ivorites? | 0:21:49 | 0:21:52 | |
-The movement was at its apogee -in 1878, with 22,401 members. | 0:21:52 | 0:21:59 | |
-Subsequently, membership -gradually declined. | 0:22:00 | 0:22:04 | |
-In 1955, the year -of the last report... | 0:22:04 | 0:22:08 | |
-..the total had fallen to 1,348. | 0:22:08 | 0:22:12 | |
-Compare that with the hundreds of -thousands of workers in Wales... | 0:22:12 | 0:22:17 | |
-..and the seven million trade -union members in Britain in 1939. | 0:22:17 | 0:22:22 | |
-They were the voice -of the workers by that time. | 0:22:23 | 0:22:27 | |
-Ivorism had run its course. | 0:22:27 | 0:22:30 | |
-Between 1908 and 1911... | 0:22:35 | 0:22:38 | |
-..the government passed -a series of important acts... | 0:22:38 | 0:22:42 | |
-..that created the foundations -of our modern welfare state. | 0:22:42 | 0:22:47 | |
-A century later, some people -are starting to question... | 0:22:48 | 0:22:52 | |
-..the future of that welfare state. | 0:22:52 | 0:22:54 | |
-TR Jones and the founders -of other friendly societies... | 0:22:55 | 0:23:00 | |
-..felt they couldn't depend -on the state in times of need. | 0:23:00 | 0:23:05 | |
-Will the current economic climate... | 0:23:05 | 0:23:07 | |
-..affect the government's -ability to care for us? | 0:23:08 | 0:23:13 | |
-Will Cameron's plans -for a "big society"... | 0:23:13 | 0:23:16 | |
-..where responsibility -is devolved to community level... | 0:23:16 | 0:23:21 | |
-..bring about an era -and a social model... | 0:23:22 | 0:23:26 | |
-..that will once more create the -need for a new order of Ivorites? | 0:23:26 | 0:23:32 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Gwead | 0:23:48 | 0:23:50 | |
-. | 0:23:50 | 0:23:51 |
