Pennod 1 DNA Cymru
Similar Content
Browse content similar to Pennod 1. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
Transcript
| Line | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:01 | |
-Who are the Welsh? | 0:00:02 | 0:00:06 | |
-From our first beginnings... | 0:00:16 | 0:00:18 | |
-..the people of Wales -have faced the deepest questions. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:23 | |
-Who are we? | 0:00:25 | 0:00:27 | |
-Where did we come from? | 0:00:29 | 0:00:31 | |
-What connects us -to the rest of the wider world? | 0:00:33 | 0:00:36 | |
-And what sets us apart? | 0:00:39 | 0:00:41 | |
-Astonishingly, each one of us -carries inside ourselves... | 0:00:43 | 0:00:47 | |
-..an ancient treasure. | 0:00:48 | 0:00:50 | |
-A key to age-old mysteries. | 0:00:51 | 0:00:53 | |
-DNA is the link that connects -everyone on the planet. | 0:00:54 | 0:00:58 | |
-For the first time... | 0:00:59 | 0:01:01 | |
-..genetics is revealing how -we are all related to one another. | 0:01:01 | 0:01:06 | |
-Our aim over the coming year... | 0:01:09 | 0:01:10 | |
-..is to analyse the DNA -of thousands of Welsh people. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:14 | |
-Laboratory testing -to discover our origins. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:19 | |
-In the hope of finding a different -kind of national history. | 0:01:22 | 0:01:26 | |
-DNA is the people's story. | 0:01:28 | 0:01:31 | |
-Everyone is welcome -in the experiment. | 0:01:33 | 0:01:37 | |
-Everyone -has something to learn from it. | 0:01:38 | 0:01:40 | |
-From the South to the North. | 0:01:42 | 0:01:44 | |
-From the Ice Age to the iPhone age. | 0:01:47 | 0:01:49 | |
-From the Pyrenees to Africa. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:54 | |
-We're following in the footsteps -of our ancient mothers and fathers. | 0:01:55 | 0:01:59 | |
-Join us on a pilgrimage -across the country... | 0:02:03 | 0:02:07 | |
-Across the world... | 0:02:07 | 0:02:09 | |
-Across time itself. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:13 | |
-Who are we? | 0:02:15 | 0:02:17 | |
-There's a new way -of answering that question. | 0:02:20 | 0:02:24 | |
-Its name is DNA. | 0:02:26 | 0:02:28 | |
-DNA Cymru. | 0:02:29 | 0:02:30 | |
-Who are the Welsh? | 0:02:43 | 0:02:45 | |
-It's a simple question -with a complicated answer. | 0:02:45 | 0:02:49 | |
-To discover the truth, -we must come here... | 0:02:53 | 0:02:56 | |
-..to a place far, far away, -beyond Wales. | 0:02:56 | 0:02:59 | |
-We must search in unexpected places. | 0:03:03 | 0:03:06 | |
-And we must -travel back across the centuries. | 0:03:13 | 0:03:17 | |
-Isle of Britain -515 AD | 0:03:22 | 0:03:26 | |
-This king holds the fate -of his subjects in his hands. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:33 | |
-He's been summoned urgently -to rescue a group of his people. | 0:03:35 | 0:03:39 | |
-They are a tribe of Britons... | 0:03:42 | 0:03:44 | |
-..the ancient natives -of the Isle of Britain. | 0:03:44 | 0:03:47 | |
-The forefathers of the Welsh. | 0:03:47 | 0:03:50 | |
-The king and his subjects -are retreating to the west... | 0:03:52 | 0:03:56 | |
-..to the land -we know today as Wales. | 0:03:56 | 0:03:59 | |
-They're travelling along roads -the Romans built a century earlier. | 0:04:07 | 0:04:11 | |
-They are fleeing from an enemy which -is trying to take over Britain. | 0:04:14 | 0:04:18 | |
-The Saxons. | 0:04:19 | 0:04:20 | |
-The battles between -the Saxons and the Britons... | 0:04:20 | 0:04:24 | |
-..were the root cause of the Welsh -emerging as a separate nation. | 0:04:24 | 0:04:29 | |
-The Saxons called us the Wealhas, -the Welsh, meaning foreigners. | 0:04:29 | 0:04:35 | |
-The courage of leaders like this... | 0:04:42 | 0:04:45 | |
-..is remembered in ancient Welsh -tales such as the Arthurian Legends. | 0:04:45 | 0:04:50 | |
-"They shed their blood for freedom." | 0:04:50 | 0:04:53 | |
-But what was this blood? | 0:04:53 | 0:04:55 | |
-From where did it come? | 0:04:55 | 0:04:57 | |
-The written records are scarce. | 0:04:59 | 0:05:03 | |
-Archaeological evidence -is incomplete. | 0:05:03 | 0:05:06 | |
-But now we can -use cutting-edge science... | 0:05:08 | 0:05:13 | |
-..to trace the story -much further back into the past. | 0:05:13 | 0:05:17 | |
-Back through the mists of time... | 0:05:22 | 0:05:24 | |
-..to meet our ancient ancestors... | 0:05:26 | 0:05:29 | |
-..those who brought the secrets -of smelting metal to Wales... | 0:05:29 | 0:05:33 | |
-..and who also brought a key change -within their own bodies. | 0:05:33 | 0:05:38 | |
-We can go further back again, -before recorded history... | 0:05:45 | 0:05:49 | |
-..beyond the Ice Age... | 0:05:50 | 0:05:52 | |
-..to walk with -the first inhabitants of this land. | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
-And still further back... | 0:06:01 | 0:06:03 | |
-..to the genesis of the human race. | 0:06:05 | 0:06:08 | |
-To Eden, to the very first -mother and father. | 0:06:08 | 0:06:11 | |
-But this is -a contemporary story too. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:17 | |
-A story -that is crucial for us today. | 0:06:18 | 0:06:21 | |
-By tracing -the biology of our ancestors... | 0:06:21 | 0:06:24 | |
-..from one generation -to the next... | 0:06:24 | 0:06:27 | |
-..we can arrive -back in the present, in Wales today. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:30 | |
-The television set -is full of exciting adventures. | 0:06:40 | 0:06:44 | |
-I once made an appearance -on Doctor Who... | 0:06:44 | 0:06:48 | |
-..which was quite a thrill, -to be honest. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:51 | |
-Doctor Who is science fiction. | 0:06:55 | 0:06:57 | |
-But now, I have a true story which -literally travels through time. | 0:06:58 | 0:07:02 | |
-It's both a personal story -and a national story. | 0:07:06 | 0:07:09 | |
-It's relevant to everyone -who lives in Wales... | 0:07:10 | 0:07:13 | |
-..regardless -of the colour of their skin. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:16 | |
-So everyone is welcome -at this historical landmark... | 0:07:17 | 0:07:21 | |
-..the Pierhead Building in Cardiff -Bay, for the launch of DNA Cymru. | 0:07:21 | 0:07:26 | |
-Politicians, scientists and -historians have come here tonight... | 0:07:28 | 0:07:33 | |
-..to embark on a journey... | 0:07:33 | 0:07:35 | |
-..which will take us -way, way back to the distant past. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:39 | |
-Here's your DNA pack. -Many congratulations. | 0:07:39 | 0:07:42 | |
-Dafydd Iwan is the first to receive -the results of his DNA test. | 0:07:43 | 0:07:47 | |
-There are more surprises in -this programme for our Welsh stars. | 0:07:48 | 0:07:53 | |
-Bryn Terfel's DNA. | 0:07:53 | 0:07:54 | |
-Bryn Terfel's DNA. - -Is there a fanfare? | 0:07:54 | 0:07:56 | |
-Sian Lloyd. Are you ready for this? | 0:07:57 | 0:07:59 | |
-Mr Gareth Edwards, are you ready? | 0:08:00 | 0:08:01 | |
-Mr Gareth Edwards, are you ready? - -Yes, I can't wait. | 0:08:01 | 0:08:03 | |
-Learning who your ancestors are... | 0:08:03 | 0:08:06 | |
-Your father's bloodline is... | 0:08:06 | 0:08:07 | |
-Your father's bloodline is... - -..can be a shock... | 0:08:07 | 0:08:10 | |
-..or a source of comfort. | 0:08:10 | 0:08:12 | |
-Yesterday's news... | 0:08:13 | 0:08:15 | |
-6,000 years ago. | 0:08:15 | 0:08:17 | |
-..becoming relevant today. | 0:08:17 | 0:08:18 | |
-..becoming relevant today. - -I don't come from New Zealand, do I? | 0:08:18 | 0:08:22 | |
-Scientific proof brings certainty. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:25 | |
-The certainty of the spit kit. | 0:08:25 | 0:08:28 | |
-The spit kit is a way -of collecting and storing your DNA. | 0:08:28 | 0:08:33 | |
-Within the box is a small bottle. | 0:08:33 | 0:08:36 | |
-All you do -is do what it says on the box... | 0:08:36 | 0:08:40 | |
-..and simply spit into it. | 0:08:40 | 0:08:42 | |
-My sample's ready. | 0:08:44 | 0:08:46 | |
-This laboratory holds the samples -of all those taking part. | 0:08:46 | 0:08:50 | |
-Their DNA will go through a -process to find specific patterns... | 0:08:50 | 0:08:55 | |
-..in our genetic code. | 0:08:55 | 0:08:57 | |
-There's enough DNA in our spit... | 0:09:02 | 0:09:04 | |
-..for scientists -to analyse the double helix. | 0:09:04 | 0:09:07 | |
-This master molecule -forms the basis of life. | 0:09:07 | 0:09:11 | |
-It carries the code -which shapes our lives. | 0:09:11 | 0:09:14 | |
-DNA is responsible -for family resemblances. | 0:09:15 | 0:09:20 | |
-It's a topic of conversation -for my own children. | 0:09:20 | 0:09:24 | |
-Some people say I look like Mam -and others say I look like Dad. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:29 | |
-Do you look like Mummy or Daddy? | 0:09:30 | 0:09:31 | |
-Do you look like Mummy or Daddy? - -Mummy. | 0:09:31 | 0:09:33 | |
-Not Daddy? Why? | 0:09:33 | 0:09:36 | |
-Because Mummy's pretty. | 0:09:36 | 0:09:38 | |
-Lily and Poppy look like each other -but Poppy has darker skin. | 0:09:40 | 0:09:46 | |
-I look like Lily. | 0:09:46 | 0:09:48 | |
-You look like Lily? -I think you look like Max. | 0:09:48 | 0:09:52 | |
-No! | 0:09:52 | 0:09:54 | |
-Jason's children, -like everyone else's... | 0:09:55 | 0:09:58 | |
-..inherit -their DNA from their parents. | 0:09:58 | 0:10:00 | |
-The cells in their bodies -carry a DNA code... | 0:10:00 | 0:10:03 | |
-..which determines -their physical appearance. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:07 | |
-How tall they'll be, -their eye and skin colour... | 0:10:07 | 0:10:10 | |
-..and the shape of their faces. | 0:10:11 | 0:10:13 | |
-It's DNA which is behind -those family resemblances. | 0:10:14 | 0:10:17 | |
-As the parents pass on the DNA... | 0:10:17 | 0:10:20 | |
-..98% of it gets mixed up... | 0:10:20 | 0:10:23 | |
-..and re-combined all over again. | 0:10:24 | 0:10:26 | |
-It's hard to tell -who it's come from... | 0:10:26 | 0:10:29 | |
-..looking back -over the generations. | 0:10:29 | 0:10:32 | |
-But a small portion of the DNA, -a mere 2%... | 0:10:32 | 0:10:36 | |
-..is unchanged -as it passes from parent to child. | 0:10:36 | 0:10:40 | |
-So the main focus -of the laboratory work... | 0:10:41 | 0:10:44 | |
-..is that crucial 2%, -the ancestral DNA. | 0:10:44 | 0:10:48 | |
-The test hasn't been designed... | 0:10:48 | 0:10:51 | |
-..to discover -our families' recent history... | 0:10:51 | 0:10:54 | |
-..or to offer data -about our close relatives. | 0:10:54 | 0:10:57 | |
-The purpose of the test -is to discover tiny differences... | 0:10:57 | 0:11:02 | |
-..in the genetic code -which emerged centuries ago. | 0:11:02 | 0:11:06 | |
-What's important to us -is that small percentage of DNA... | 0:11:08 | 0:11:12 | |
-..which is transferred -without getting mixed up... | 0:11:12 | 0:11:15 | |
-..from father to son... | 0:11:15 | 0:11:17 | |
-..and to his sons and so on - -the Y chromosome DNA. | 0:11:17 | 0:11:21 | |
-And another fragment, -the mitochondrial DNA... | 0:11:22 | 0:11:26 | |
-..which passes unchanged -from mother to children... | 0:11:26 | 0:11:29 | |
-..and from her daughters -to their children. | 0:11:30 | 0:11:33 | |
-This allows scientists to trace -an unbroken line through history... | 0:11:33 | 0:11:38 | |
-..along both the mother's -and the father's bloodlines. | 0:11:38 | 0:11:41 | |
-All this information -points to an astounding fact. | 0:11:43 | 0:11:48 | |
-Our DNA's history... | 0:11:48 | 0:11:52 | |
-..began in Africa. | 0:11:53 | 0:11:55 | |
-Every single person -throughout the world... | 0:11:55 | 0:11:59 | |
-..is a descendent of black Africans. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:04 | |
-So I can safely say... | 0:12:06 | 0:12:08 | |
-..that this is -the birthplace of the Welsh. | 0:12:09 | 0:12:12 | |
-. | 0:12:16 | 0:12:17 | |
-Subtitles | 0:12:20 | 0:12:20 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:12:20 | 0:12:22 | |
-Who are the Welsh? | 0:12:25 | 0:12:27 | |
-The dawn of civilization -and the entire human race... | 0:12:31 | 0:12:35 | |
-..arose in Africa. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:38 | |
-The story began -more than 200,000 years ago... | 0:12:41 | 0:12:45 | |
-..here in the Great Rift Valley. | 0:12:45 | 0:12:48 | |
-The truth is, -we all belong to the same family. | 0:12:56 | 0:12:59 | |
-An African family. | 0:13:00 | 0:13:03 | |
-I'm here in Tanzania -to meet the Hadza tribe. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:08 | |
-They have -a very special relationship... | 0:13:08 | 0:13:10 | |
-..with the genesis of humanity. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:14 | |
-No-one on the face of this earth... | 0:13:18 | 0:13:21 | |
-..lives closer to the way of life... | 0:13:21 | 0:13:24 | |
-..of our great-great-ancestors, -the first men and women... | 0:13:24 | 0:13:29 | |
-..than the Hadza. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:32 | |
-The Hadza don't farm, they forage -and hunt for every morsel of food... | 0:13:34 | 0:13:39 | |
-..like the very first -Homo sapiens. | 0:13:39 | 0:13:42 | |
-With nothing more sophisticated -than a bow and arrow... | 0:13:42 | 0:13:46 | |
-..they needed to be fit to survive, -and to keep pace with the monkeys. | 0:13:47 | 0:13:52 | |
-There's no way of denying it. | 0:14:02 | 0:14:04 | |
-This was how -our ancient ancestors survived. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:08 | |
-Very few Hadza women go hunting... | 0:14:16 | 0:14:18 | |
-..but the men -treat them as their equals. | 0:14:19 | 0:14:22 | |
-They have their own duties, -duties that are just as important... | 0:14:23 | 0:14:27 | |
-..for the survival of the tribe. | 0:14:28 | 0:14:30 | |
-THEY SPEAK NATIVE LANGUAGE | 0:14:34 | 0:14:36 | |
-Oniako. | 0:14:41 | 0:14:43 | |
-That was an 'oniako'. | 0:14:44 | 0:14:46 | |
-Oniako. | 0:14:46 | 0:14:48 | |
-It tasted -something like uncooked swede. | 0:14:49 | 0:14:53 | |
-Archaeological evidence connects -the place where the Hadza live... | 0:14:54 | 0:14:59 | |
-..to the birthplace of mankind. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:01 | |
-Their ancient language isn't related -to any other language... | 0:15:01 | 0:15:06 | |
-..although it uses a special sound -found elsewhere in Africa. | 0:15:06 | 0:15:11 | |
-The click. | 0:15:11 | 0:15:13 | |
-We sometimes boast that we speak -the oldest language in Europe. | 0:15:13 | 0:15:18 | |
-By some accounts, this tribe speaks -the oldest language in the world. | 0:15:18 | 0:15:24 | |
-(CLICKS) Anako. | 0:15:24 | 0:15:26 | |
-(CLICKS) Anako. | 0:15:26 | 0:15:28 | |
-Now then. Llanllwch. | 0:15:34 | 0:15:37 | |
-Llanllwch. | 0:15:37 | 0:15:39 | |
-Excellent! | 0:15:41 | 0:15:43 | |
-Language, archaeology, genetics. | 0:15:46 | 0:15:49 | |
-They all point -to the same conclusion. | 0:15:49 | 0:15:52 | |
-The DNA tests that have -been conducted on the Hadza... | 0:15:52 | 0:15:56 | |
-..found that their bloodline -goes way back to the dawn of time. | 0:15:56 | 0:16:02 | |
-TRIBAL SINGING | 0:16:02 | 0:16:05 | |
-By studying the mitochondrial DNA... | 0:16:05 | 0:16:08 | |
-..as it passes -from woman to child... | 0:16:08 | 0:16:11 | |
-..and tracing it -as far back as possible... | 0:16:11 | 0:16:14 | |
-..scientists seem confident that -a woman who lived in this region... | 0:16:14 | 0:16:19 | |
-..close to 190,000 years ago... | 0:16:19 | 0:16:23 | |
-..is the grandmother -of everyone on the planet. | 0:16:23 | 0:16:26 | |
-Every piece of mitochondrial -DNA in today's world... | 0:16:28 | 0:16:32 | |
-..has been derived from her. | 0:16:32 | 0:16:34 | |
-It's the same thing -on the father's side. | 0:16:37 | 0:16:39 | |
-A man from Africa -is the ancestral father... | 0:16:40 | 0:16:42 | |
-..of all the human race's -Y chromosome DNA. | 0:16:43 | 0:16:46 | |
-According to scientists, -in their version of the story... | 0:16:47 | 0:16:51 | |
-..Eden didn't exist. | 0:16:51 | 0:16:53 | |
-There was an Adam -and there was an Eve... | 0:16:53 | 0:16:56 | |
-..but they didn't meet -for generations... | 0:16:56 | 0:16:59 | |
-..until their DNA came together -in their descendants. | 0:16:59 | 0:17:02 | |
-That's how it was -for more than 100,000 years. | 0:17:08 | 0:17:11 | |
-Adam's children and Eve's children -streamed all over Africa. | 0:17:12 | 0:17:17 | |
-But it was in Africa -that humanity stayed. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:21 | |
-Then, 60,000 years ago... | 0:17:23 | 0:17:26 | |
-..a group of Africans took -the first steps of an epic journey. | 0:17:27 | 0:17:31 | |
-For the first time ever... | 0:17:36 | 0:17:38 | |
-..a small number of men and women, -maybe 300 or 400 or so... | 0:17:39 | 0:17:43 | |
-..moved beyond the confines -of Africa to a new continent. | 0:17:43 | 0:17:49 | |
-A key moment -in the whole history of mankind. | 0:17:54 | 0:17:57 | |
-A mere 60,000 years ago. | 0:17:58 | 0:18:00 | |
-It had taken millions of years -to reach this crucial point. | 0:18:04 | 0:18:08 | |
-But once they'd left Africa... | 0:18:10 | 0:18:13 | |
-..people migrated quickly -to the four corners of the world. | 0:18:13 | 0:18:17 | |
-And the result? A planet -with a population of seven billion. | 0:18:18 | 0:18:23 | |
-And every one of us, -if we're not African ourselves... | 0:18:24 | 0:18:28 | |
-..is a descendent -of those 300 or 400 Africans... | 0:18:29 | 0:18:32 | |
-..60,000 years ago. | 0:18:32 | 0:18:35 | |
-This is our family. | 0:18:35 | 0:18:38 | |
-The family's heroic journey took -them across India, through Asia... | 0:18:41 | 0:18:46 | |
-..and as far as Australia. | 0:18:46 | 0:18:48 | |
-And to the north, -through the Gobi desert and Siberia. | 0:18:51 | 0:18:56 | |
-Over dry land to a new continent. | 0:18:57 | 0:19:01 | |
-America. | 0:19:02 | 0:19:04 | |
-Every step of the way... | 0:19:05 | 0:19:08 | |
-..genetics were at work, -creating the beautiful diversity... | 0:19:08 | 0:19:12 | |
-..that we see in our family today. | 0:19:13 | 0:19:15 | |
-The secret is in -the patterns of the genetic code. | 0:19:17 | 0:19:20 | |
-Four unique chemicals -form the basis of our DNA. | 0:19:23 | 0:19:27 | |
-These stick together -to create the double helix chain. | 0:19:27 | 0:19:31 | |
-Scientists -have chosen four letters... | 0:19:33 | 0:19:36 | |
-..to denote them. | 0:19:36 | 0:19:38 | |
-The order of these letters -creates the genetic code. | 0:19:40 | 0:19:44 | |
-It's an enormous code. -A stream of billions of letters. | 0:19:44 | 0:19:49 | |
-But there's -an intelligent way to read it. | 0:19:49 | 0:19:52 | |
-The focus is on a small portion -of the DNA, a mere 2%... | 0:19:52 | 0:19:56 | |
-..which passes, unmixed, -from parents to children. | 0:19:56 | 0:20:01 | |
-When this ancestral DNA is -transferred from parent to child... | 0:20:02 | 0:20:07 | |
-..the genetic code -is copied more or less perfectly. | 0:20:07 | 0:20:11 | |
-Billions of letters following the -same pattern time and time again. | 0:20:11 | 0:20:16 | |
-But sometimes, -in a small section of the pattern... | 0:20:16 | 0:20:20 | |
-..a mistake happens. | 0:20:20 | 0:20:22 | |
-The baby's code doesn't have -the same order as the parents' DNA. | 0:20:23 | 0:20:28 | |
-It's similar to a typo in a script. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:32 | |
-It's not copied... | 0:20:32 | 0:20:35 | |
-..corretcly. | 0:20:35 | 0:20:39 | |
-These small typos -create genetic markers. | 0:20:42 | 0:20:45 | |
-Small bits of DNA, -where the order of the chemicals... | 0:20:45 | 0:20:49 | |
-..is different -from the previous generation's. | 0:20:49 | 0:20:52 | |
-Once that's happened... | 0:20:52 | 0:20:54 | |
-..the new pattern -with the minor change... | 0:20:54 | 0:20:58 | |
-..is the one copied next time -and in every generation afterwards. | 0:20:58 | 0:21:03 | |
-These tiny changes -are very important... | 0:21:03 | 0:21:06 | |
-..as we trace mankind's family -across the world. | 0:21:06 | 0:21:10 | |
-As one set of people -head off in a new direction... | 0:21:11 | 0:21:14 | |
-..and lose contact with others... | 0:21:14 | 0:21:17 | |
-..the new genetic markers -that emerge amongst them... | 0:21:17 | 0:21:21 | |
-..are unique to them. | 0:21:21 | 0:21:23 | |
-And so, every small typo helps -scientists identify the group... | 0:21:23 | 0:21:27 | |
-..from where it originated -and helps differentiate from others. | 0:21:28 | 0:21:32 | |
-That's how we can follow -the biological connections... | 0:21:33 | 0:21:36 | |
-..between different groups -within the family. | 0:21:36 | 0:21:39 | |
-Scientists have coined a term -for the group of people... | 0:21:40 | 0:21:43 | |
-..who share the same genetic markers -- a haplogroup. | 0:21:43 | 0:21:47 | |
-They label each different haplogroup -with a particular letter. | 0:21:47 | 0:21:51 | |
-Of course, -after several more generations... | 0:21:52 | 0:21:55 | |
-..a new typo may crop up... | 0:21:55 | 0:21:57 | |
-..and the haplogroup's path forks. | 0:21:57 | 0:22:00 | |
-So a number is added to the label. | 0:22:00 | 0:22:04 | |
-It's like the way we number -motorways and country roads... | 0:22:04 | 0:22:09 | |
-..in our transport system -as they fork and fork again. | 0:22:09 | 0:22:13 | |
-To work out where -my ancient ancestors came from... | 0:22:15 | 0:22:18 | |
-..the DNA test -searches for markers... | 0:22:19 | 0:22:21 | |
-..associated with -particular haplogroups. | 0:22:21 | 0:22:25 | |
-This happens -on this very special microchip. | 0:22:25 | 0:22:29 | |
-By identifying where haplogroups and -sub-haplogroups are common today... | 0:22:29 | 0:22:35 | |
-..we can estimate where -our ancestors may have come from. | 0:22:35 | 0:22:40 | |
-At last, as that epic journey -reached its climax... | 0:22:40 | 0:22:43 | |
-..one of the groups ventured -to a country we know as Wales. | 0:22:44 | 0:22:48 | |
-It happened -more than 30,000 years ago. | 0:22:50 | 0:22:54 | |
-Back then, -in Paviland, in the Gower... | 0:22:56 | 0:22:59 | |
-..people buried -one of their loved ones... | 0:22:59 | 0:23:02 | |
-..with ivory and shells -as a mark of honour. | 0:23:02 | 0:23:07 | |
-It's one of the earliest burials -we know about in northern Europe. | 0:23:08 | 0:23:13 | |
-It's amazing to think -how much these ancient people... | 0:23:16 | 0:23:20 | |
-..had in common with us. | 0:23:20 | 0:23:22 | |
-We share the need for a ritual -to grieve for the dead. | 0:23:22 | 0:23:26 | |
-We share the country -we know as Wales today. | 0:23:26 | 0:23:29 | |
-We also share with them -the core of what makes us human. | 0:23:29 | 0:23:34 | |
-Their genetic code. | 0:23:34 | 0:23:36 | |
-Their DNA. | 0:23:36 | 0:23:38 | |
-The human family had completed an -epic journey from Africa to Wales. | 0:23:43 | 0:23:48 | |
-But now -they came up against something... | 0:23:49 | 0:23:52 | |
-..even more powerful than their DNA. | 0:23:52 | 0:23:55 | |
-. | 0:23:59 | 0:24:00 | |
-Subtitles | 0:24:02 | 0:24:02 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:24:02 | 0:24:04 | |
-During the Ice Age, -20,000 years ago... | 0:24:10 | 0:24:13 | |
-..a perpetual winter gripped -the lands of northern Europe. | 0:24:13 | 0:24:17 | |
-People and animals had to migrate -southwards to survive. | 0:24:21 | 0:24:26 | |
-They came to the Pyrenees. | 0:24:27 | 0:24:29 | |
-These mountains -are cold in midwinter... | 0:24:31 | 0:24:36 | |
-..but during the Ice Age, -the Pyrenees had two advantages. | 0:24:36 | 0:24:40 | |
-Two advantages -that could sustain life. | 0:24:40 | 0:24:44 | |
-Two advantages -that attracted those... | 0:24:44 | 0:24:46 | |
-..who were fleeing northern -Europe as the ice sheet spread. | 0:24:46 | 0:24:50 | |
-Firstly, -the Pyrenees are far enough south... | 0:24:50 | 0:24:53 | |
-..on the border -between modern France and Spain... | 0:24:53 | 0:24:58 | |
-..so that the climate wasn't -as glacial as it was in the north. | 0:24:58 | 0:25:03 | |
-Sheltered valleys beneath the -mountains welcomed the refugees... | 0:25:03 | 0:25:08 | |
-..but still -the temperatures were low. | 0:25:08 | 0:25:12 | |
-The body was barely able to survive. | 0:25:12 | 0:25:15 | |
-So the second advantage -became crucial. | 0:25:18 | 0:25:22 | |
-One that's -carved into the landscape itself. | 0:25:22 | 0:25:25 | |
-There's shelter from the cold here. -Shelter in caves. | 0:25:25 | 0:25:29 | |
-In their cosy homes, the refugees -forged a unique way of life. | 0:25:32 | 0:25:37 | |
-Of course, they had to venture out -for their food. | 0:25:39 | 0:25:42 | |
-To hunt the animals that were able -to withstand the freezing climate. | 0:25:42 | 0:25:47 | |
-The mammoth and the hyena, -the reindeer, wolf and bear. | 0:25:48 | 0:25:53 | |
-Though we are talking about -an ancient time... | 0:25:55 | 0:25:58 | |
-..more than 12,000 years ago... | 0:25:58 | 0:26:01 | |
-..we have evidence about -the kind of life these people led. | 0:26:01 | 0:26:05 | |
-The evidence -is stunning and beautiful... | 0:26:05 | 0:26:08 | |
-..and it's found -within one of the caves. | 0:26:09 | 0:26:11 | |
-La grotte de Niaux - -the cave near Niaux village. | 0:26:14 | 0:26:17 | |
-It's famous throughout the world. | 0:26:17 | 0:26:19 | |
-It takes 20 minutes -to reach the chamber... | 0:26:20 | 0:26:23 | |
-..that has fired the imagination. | 0:26:23 | 0:26:26 | |
-But it's well worth the effort. | 0:26:26 | 0:26:29 | |
-Here I can see -prehistoric animals... | 0:26:30 | 0:26:34 | |
-..exactly as they were. | 0:26:34 | 0:26:36 | |
-The shape of their bodies... | 0:26:36 | 0:26:38 | |
-..and the way they moved, just -as though they were still alive. | 0:26:38 | 0:26:42 | |
-And I can see all this through -the eyes of those Ice Age people. | 0:26:43 | 0:26:47 | |
-It's a thrill to see paintings -from such an ancient era. | 0:27:11 | 0:27:16 | |
-But what's remarkable -about what DNA testing reveals... | 0:27:26 | 0:27:30 | |
-..is that there's a connection -between these artists and me. | 0:27:30 | 0:27:33 | |
-Because amongst them, amongst the -Ice Age people of the Pyrenees... | 0:27:34 | 0:27:38 | |
-..were the -great-great-great-grandmothers... | 0:27:39 | 0:27:42 | |
-..of the modern Welsh woman. | 0:27:42 | 0:27:44 | |
-As the world began to warm... | 0:27:48 | 0:27:50 | |
-..the women -looked to the north once again... | 0:27:50 | 0:27:54 | |
-..following prey like the reindeer -back to their old habitat. | 0:27:55 | 0:27:59 | |
-Their DNA -is very prominent in Wales today. | 0:28:01 | 0:28:05 | |
-Up to half of us -can trace our mother's genealogy... | 0:28:07 | 0:28:11 | |
-..back to these refuges. | 0:28:12 | 0:28:14 | |
-It's a long journey -from here, in the Pyrenees... | 0:28:14 | 0:28:18 | |
-..to northern Europe and Wales. | 0:28:18 | 0:28:20 | |
-But as the ice started to melt... | 0:28:20 | 0:28:23 | |
-..these resourceful women -were ready to make the journey. | 0:28:23 | 0:28:27 | |
-And it's a good job they succeeded, -because without them... | 0:28:41 | 0:28:45 | |
-..Wales's history -would be much poorer in many fields. | 0:28:46 | 0:28:50 | |
-Gareth Edwards, hailed as the -greatest rugby player of all time. | 0:28:53 | 0:28:58 | |
-Who better to receive -DNA Cymru's first official results? | 0:28:58 | 0:29:03 | |
-It's interesting. -The family's interested too. | 0:29:03 | 0:29:06 | |
-We Welshmen -are dark and we're small. | 0:29:07 | 0:29:09 | |
-People say -we've all come from the same place. | 0:29:10 | 0:29:13 | |
-Beyond France and Spain. | 0:29:13 | 0:29:17 | |
-Is your sporting prowess -in your DNA, I wonder? | 0:29:17 | 0:29:22 | |
-I don't come from New Zealand, do I? | 0:29:22 | 0:29:25 | |
-Mr Gareth Edwards, are you ready? | 0:29:26 | 0:29:28 | |
-Yes. I can't wait -to see where I've come from. | 0:29:29 | 0:29:32 | |
-I'm nervous too. | 0:29:32 | 0:29:34 | |
-Your father's genealogy first. | 0:29:34 | 0:29:37 | |
-"Your family came to Wales -from northern Europe. | 0:29:38 | 0:29:41 | |
-"The result is most common... | 0:29:41 | 0:29:43 | |
-"..in northern Germany, -Denmark and Sweden... | 0:29:44 | 0:29:46 | |
-"..and as far as Russia." | 0:29:47 | 0:29:50 | |
-Well, well! -No wonder I enjoy fishing in Russia. | 0:29:50 | 0:29:56 | |
-I've been there fishing -and I had a great time. | 0:29:56 | 0:29:59 | |
-It was wonderful. | 0:29:59 | 0:30:01 | |
-What about your mother's genealogy -- the Pioneers? | 0:30:02 | 0:30:06 | |
-From the Pyrenees, possibly. | 0:30:06 | 0:30:08 | |
-"Amongst the first to come back to -northern Europe after the Ice Age." | 0:30:08 | 0:30:13 | |
-My mother -always complained of being cold! | 0:30:13 | 0:30:16 | |
-My mother always said, "I'm cold." | 0:30:16 | 0:30:19 | |
-Do you know what she used to say? -This is true... | 0:30:19 | 0:30:22 | |
-"I can smell snow coming." | 0:30:23 | 0:30:25 | |
-My family will laugh -when they see this. | 0:30:26 | 0:30:28 | |
-I have lots of friends -from the Basque country. | 0:30:29 | 0:30:32 | |
-Many of France's -best rugby players are Basques. | 0:30:33 | 0:30:38 | |
-I feel very at home -with their way of life. | 0:30:39 | 0:30:44 | |
-There's no mention of New Zealand. | 0:30:44 | 0:30:47 | |
-Thank goodness for that! | 0:30:47 | 0:30:50 | |
-Our story is gathering pace. | 0:30:52 | 0:30:54 | |
-The next leap forward -comes with a group of people... | 0:30:55 | 0:30:58 | |
-..whose roots lay beyond -the Pyrenees, in Iberia. | 0:30:58 | 0:31:02 | |
-The Beaker People. | 0:31:02 | 0:31:04 | |
-Named after the drinking vessels -they used in their ceremonies... | 0:31:07 | 0:31:12 | |
-..the Beaker People were first to -master the art of smelting copper. | 0:31:12 | 0:31:18 | |
-Today, their DNA is very common -all across western Europe. | 0:31:20 | 0:31:25 | |
-It's a sign -of how warmly they were welcomed... | 0:31:25 | 0:31:30 | |
-..for their technology... | 0:31:31 | 0:31:33 | |
-..and their pioneering way of life. | 0:31:33 | 0:31:36 | |
-The sea was the superhighway -of the ancient world. | 0:31:36 | 0:31:39 | |
-That's how -our ancestors' DNA reached Wales. | 0:31:40 | 0:31:44 | |
-Travelling across dry land back then -was a slow process. | 0:31:44 | 0:31:49 | |
-It was far easier to go by sea, -and it was far quicker too! | 0:31:50 | 0:31:55 | |
-The Beaker People -moved in small family groups.... | 0:32:09 | 0:32:13 | |
-..and settled -in established communities. | 0:32:13 | 0:32:16 | |
-They were appreciated -for their skills... | 0:32:16 | 0:32:19 | |
-..and their trading networks. | 0:32:19 | 0:32:21 | |
-The whole world was changing, -and there was more to come. | 0:32:21 | 0:32:27 | |
-Some time, -between 4,000-5,000 years ago... | 0:32:27 | 0:32:30 | |
-..a baby boy was born. | 0:32:31 | 0:32:34 | |
-An infant who is -really important in our story. | 0:32:34 | 0:32:38 | |
-There's reason to believe... | 0:32:40 | 0:32:42 | |
-..that the birth took place -within the Beaker community. | 0:32:42 | 0:32:46 | |
-If the theory's correct... | 0:32:46 | 0:32:48 | |
-..this child -spawned a line of descendants... | 0:32:48 | 0:32:52 | |
-..who became very influential -in the history of the Welsh. | 0:32:52 | 0:32:56 | |
-We may regard him as the first Celt. | 0:32:58 | 0:33:02 | |
-The baby carried in his DNA -a small change in his genetic code. | 0:33:03 | 0:33:08 | |
-One of the typos -that denotes a new haplogroup. | 0:33:08 | 0:33:12 | |
-No-one at the time would've noticed -anything out of the ordinary. | 0:33:12 | 0:33:17 | |
-But the baby's DNA was slightly -different from his father's. | 0:33:17 | 0:33:21 | |
-He might have been an ordinary -member of his community. | 0:33:22 | 0:33:27 | |
-But when he came of age -and found a partner... | 0:33:29 | 0:33:32 | |
-..he would've -passed on this change... | 0:33:32 | 0:33:35 | |
-..and established a new haplogroup -through his children. | 0:33:35 | 0:33:40 | |
-As a father himself... | 0:33:40 | 0:33:42 | |
-..he might have seen his line -continue through his sons... | 0:33:42 | 0:33:46 | |
-..not knowing -they had a genetic marker... | 0:33:47 | 0:33:49 | |
-..that would -become characteristic of the Celts. | 0:33:49 | 0:33:53 | |
-It's still present -in every Celtic nation. | 0:33:54 | 0:33:58 | |
-Remarkably, our early tests -have identified this marker... | 0:33:58 | 0:34:02 | |
-..in up to half of men today... | 0:34:03 | 0:34:06 | |
-..whose two grandfathers are Welsh. | 0:34:06 | 0:34:09 | |
-But there are a few Welshmen who can -trace their line even further back. | 0:34:13 | 0:34:19 | |
-Wow, Bryn! | 0:34:20 | 0:34:22 | |
-I'm here at London's Royal Opera -House to meet one of them. | 0:34:22 | 0:34:26 | |
-When I first heard -about DNA Cymru... | 0:34:27 | 0:34:29 | |
-..and the spit kit -arrived in the post... | 0:34:29 | 0:34:32 | |
-..I became intrigued. | 0:34:32 | 0:34:35 | |
-Sorry there's no fanfare, -but here it is. | 0:34:35 | 0:34:39 | |
-Bryn Terfel's DNA. | 0:34:39 | 0:34:41 | |
-"Your father's lineage is... | 0:34:44 | 0:34:46 | |
-"..I-S2606. | 0:34:47 | 0:34:48 | |
-"Rheinlander. | 0:34:49 | 0:34:51 | |
-"Your sub-haplogroup... | 0:34:51 | 0:34:54 | |
-"..is most common in Scandinavia." | 0:34:54 | 0:34:57 | |
-I'm quite happy with that. | 0:34:59 | 0:35:01 | |
-"In southern Scotland, Ulster, -and especially in Germany." | 0:35:02 | 0:35:05 | |
-It's interesting, considering -you sing so much Wagner. | 0:35:06 | 0:35:10 | |
-I'm comfortable singing in German. | 0:35:10 | 0:35:15 | |
-There are similarities -with the Welsh language... | 0:35:15 | 0:35:19 | |
-..in the Celts' journey -from northern Spain. | 0:35:19 | 0:35:22 | |
-They passed through Austria, where -you'll come across Welsh words. | 0:35:22 | 0:35:25 | |
-"Scientists believe that -the first men to reach Europe... | 0:35:25 | 0:35:29 | |
-"..belonged to this haplogroup." | 0:35:30 | 0:35:33 | |
-The first to reach Europe -from Africa. | 0:35:33 | 0:35:36 | |
-The first settlers -- that's fascinating. | 0:35:37 | 0:35:41 | |
-I can imagine my family -as a bunch of pioneers. | 0:35:41 | 0:35:44 | |
-Because it's fascinating -trying to work out... | 0:35:44 | 0:35:49 | |
-..where the talent -to perform and sing comes from... | 0:35:49 | 0:35:54 | |
-..when you're from -an agricultural background. | 0:35:54 | 0:35:58 | |
-Very interesting. | 0:36:00 | 0:36:02 | |
-. | 0:36:03 | 0:36:04 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:36:05 | 0:36:07 | |
-The first Saturday of 2015. | 0:36:08 | 0:36:11 | |
-A battle between -two of Wales' ancient tribes. | 0:36:11 | 0:36:16 | |
-The Jacks against the Turks. -The Ospreys at Parc y Scarlets. | 0:36:16 | 0:36:21 | |
-The nation's hearts are in the game, -but what about our DNA? | 0:36:25 | 0:36:29 | |
-That's the question we're trying -to answer over the coming months. | 0:36:29 | 0:36:34 | |
-Our project is a partnership between -S4C, the Trinity Mirror group... | 0:36:35 | 0:36:40 | |
-..publishers of the Western Mail -and Daily Post... | 0:36:40 | 0:36:43 | |
-..and a commercial company, -Scotland's DNA... | 0:36:43 | 0:36:46 | |
-..that are conducting the tests. | 0:36:46 | 0:36:48 | |
-The excitement intensifies -as we wait for the "final score". | 0:36:50 | 0:36:53 | |
-We'll be here -when the results come in... | 0:36:54 | 0:36:56 | |
-..and we'll keep -a kind of league table... | 0:36:57 | 0:36:59 | |
-..comparing Wales with England, -Scotland, Ireland and the world. | 0:36:59 | 0:37:03 | |
-It will reveal -what makes us different... | 0:37:04 | 0:37:07 | |
-..and how similar we are to others. | 0:37:07 | 0:37:09 | |
-Early signs suggest... | 0:37:09 | 0:37:11 | |
-..that Wales and the province -of Munster in Ireland... | 0:37:11 | 0:37:15 | |
-..are top of the table -in the Celtic league... | 0:37:15 | 0:37:18 | |
-..which indicates -the percentage of the population... | 0:37:19 | 0:37:22 | |
-..carrying the Celtic genetic -marker, starting with our baby... | 0:37:22 | 0:37:26 | |
-..back in the Beaker era. | 0:37:26 | 0:37:28 | |
-But does that tally with the way -the public think about their roots? | 0:37:30 | 0:37:35 | |
-Before the game, we're giving -the fans a taster of what's to come. | 0:37:35 | 0:37:41 | |
-Good afternoon. -You're the first to visit us today. | 0:37:41 | 0:37:44 | |
-Where do you think -you came from originally? | 0:37:44 | 0:37:48 | |
-Definitely Celtic. | 0:37:50 | 0:37:52 | |
-Definitely Celtic. - -People must place pink stickers... | 0:37:52 | 0:37:55 | |
-..on the boards which show their -grandmothers' family backgrounds... | 0:37:55 | 0:38:00 | |
-..and blue stickers -for their grandfathers'. | 0:38:00 | 0:38:03 | |
-Celts, Anglo-Saxons. | 0:38:04 | 0:38:06 | |
-Are you a Viking? | 0:38:06 | 0:38:08 | |
-Vikings or elsewhere in the world. | 0:38:08 | 0:38:11 | |
-I want to be a Celt. | 0:38:11 | 0:38:12 | |
-I want to be a Celt. - -If it's in the blood, I'm a Celt. | 0:38:12 | 0:38:15 | |
-I feel I'm a Celt. | 0:38:15 | 0:38:18 | |
-A Celt, I guess. | 0:38:18 | 0:38:19 | |
-A Celt, I guess. - -I hope I come from Wales. | 0:38:19 | 0:38:21 | |
-Mam comes from Llanddarog. | 0:38:22 | 0:38:24 | |
-I'm a Cardi to the core. | 0:38:24 | 0:38:26 | |
-Garnswllt. | 0:38:27 | 0:38:29 | |
-Ireland. | 0:38:29 | 0:38:31 | |
-Ireland, France, Canada. | 0:38:31 | 0:38:33 | |
-We've got a Celtic heritage... | 0:38:33 | 0:38:36 | |
-..but there is Anglo-Saxon blood -on my side. | 0:38:36 | 0:38:39 | |
-It's a simple, unscientific study, -but there's plenty of diversity... | 0:38:41 | 0:38:45 | |
-..even among Welsh speakers. | 0:38:45 | 0:38:49 | |
-My origins go back to France... | 0:38:49 | 0:38:52 | |
-..to a family called the Perrots. | 0:38:52 | 0:38:57 | |
-My father, Dai Francis, used to say -we were of Huguenot descent. | 0:38:58 | 0:39:02 | |
-He said there were so many people -called Francis in Carmarthenshire... | 0:39:02 | 0:39:07 | |
-..and west Glamorgan, -as well as Devereux.... | 0:39:08 | 0:39:12 | |
-..and Bergiers... | 0:39:12 | 0:39:14 | |
-..half the county was from France! | 0:39:14 | 0:39:17 | |
-But most of the fans -have an affinity with the Celts... | 0:39:17 | 0:39:22 | |
-..in line with the initial results -of our DNA tests. | 0:39:23 | 0:39:28 | |
-It's hard to believe. | 0:39:32 | 0:39:34 | |
-Back in Cardiff, too... | 0:39:35 | 0:39:37 | |
-..excitement is mounting in -anticipation of the actual results. | 0:39:37 | 0:39:42 | |
-I want to be Welsh - -Welsh to the core. | 0:39:42 | 0:39:45 | |
-If I found out I came -from somewhere far, far, away... | 0:39:45 | 0:39:50 | |
-..beyond Offa's Dyke... | 0:39:51 | 0:39:53 | |
-I am a bit nervous, I have to admit. | 0:39:53 | 0:39:56 | |
-Maybe your hair colour -will give us a clue? | 0:39:56 | 0:40:01 | |
-I hope so. I'm a redhead. -Celts are redheads. | 0:40:01 | 0:40:05 | |
-Is that really -your natural colour, Sian? | 0:40:05 | 0:40:09 | |
-I've no idea what my natural colour -is under all this! | 0:40:10 | 0:40:13 | |
-Sian said she's Welsh to the core. | 0:40:15 | 0:40:18 | |
-Let's find out. | 0:40:18 | 0:40:19 | |
-Hello, Sian. Nice to see you. | 0:40:21 | 0:40:24 | |
-We're in a salon, and according -to this information... | 0:40:25 | 0:40:29 | |
-..you carry -a redhead genetic marker. | 0:40:29 | 0:40:31 | |
-I thought as much, because -at Ysgol Gymraeg Castell Nedd... | 0:40:31 | 0:40:36 | |
-..when I was a little girl... | 0:40:36 | 0:40:38 | |
-..they used to call me Cochen -(Redhead). | 0:40:39 | 0:40:42 | |
-Here we go, Sian. | 0:40:42 | 0:40:44 | |
-DNA Cymru. | 0:40:46 | 0:40:48 | |
-"Your results -are very, very rare in Wales... | 0:40:48 | 0:40:52 | |
-"..but are common in parts of Italy -and Iran. | 0:40:53 | 0:40:56 | |
-"You share your results -with Tsar Nicholas II." | 0:40:56 | 0:41:01 | |
-Wow! | 0:41:01 | 0:41:04 | |
-"And with four British kings." | 0:41:04 | 0:41:06 | |
-I'm royalty! | 0:41:07 | 0:41:09 | |
-This explains a lot. | 0:41:09 | 0:41:11 | |
-"Forager". What a fantastic word. | 0:41:12 | 0:41:15 | |
-I am a forager. | 0:41:16 | 0:41:18 | |
-"It's likely that the first woman -with this genetic marker.. | 0:41:18 | 0:41:22 | |
-"..may have been born -in the Middle East 6,000 years ago. | 0:41:22 | 0:41:25 | |
-"She would have belonged to a wider -group who foraged for plants... | 0:41:25 | 0:41:29 | |
-"..and hunted birds -and small animals." | 0:41:30 | 0:41:33 | |
-6,000 years ago. | 0:41:33 | 0:41:35 | |
-This is -something deeper than family. | 0:41:35 | 0:41:38 | |
-This goes back further and further -into the mists of time. | 0:41:38 | 0:41:42 | |
-We've traced the heroic journey -of humanity... | 0:41:50 | 0:41:53 | |
-..from its earliest days. | 0:41:53 | 0:41:56 | |
-But the closer we get -to present day... | 0:41:56 | 0:41:59 | |
-..the more archaeological evidence -is available. | 0:41:59 | 0:42:02 | |
-But there's also room for DNA... | 0:42:04 | 0:42:06 | |
-..to help us get a clearer picture -of our nation's history.... | 0:42:07 | 0:42:10 | |
-..to reveal the secrets of the past. | 0:42:10 | 0:42:13 | |
-That's the aim of DNA Cymru. | 0:42:15 | 0:42:17 | |
-We're trying to answer some -important historic questions. | 0:42:18 | 0:42:22 | |
-What was the ancestry -of the people in the hill forts... | 0:42:22 | 0:42:26 | |
-..the ancient tribes of Wales? | 0:42:26 | 0:42:28 | |
-What about the Romans? | 0:42:31 | 0:42:33 | |
-Their soldiers stayed in Wales -for nearly four centuries. | 0:42:34 | 0:42:37 | |
-Can we find their DNA -in our population today? | 0:42:40 | 0:42:44 | |
-Once the Romans left... | 0:42:46 | 0:42:48 | |
-..the Saxons came to Britain. | 0:42:48 | 0:42:50 | |
-But what exactly happened -to the indigenous tribes? | 0:42:52 | 0:42:55 | |
-How much do we really know about -the Britons' migration to the west? | 0:42:56 | 0:43:00 | |
-The Saxons -weren't the last invaders... | 0:43:01 | 0:43:04 | |
-..to reach British shores. | 0:43:04 | 0:43:06 | |
-The name, "Viking", still scares us. | 0:43:08 | 0:43:11 | |
-But does the Vikings' DNA -still flow in our blood? | 0:43:12 | 0:43:15 | |
-What about those other -fierce conquerors - the Normans? | 0:43:17 | 0:43:21 | |
-Have they too left their mark -on the nation's genetics? | 0:43:22 | 0:43:26 | |
-The picture wouldn't be complete... | 0:43:26 | 0:43:29 | |
-..without investigating -the part played by the thousands... | 0:43:29 | 0:43:33 | |
-..who've come to Wales -in the last 250 years... | 0:43:33 | 0:43:37 | |
-..since the beginning -of the Industrial Revolution. | 0:43:37 | 0:43:41 | |
-So everyone is welcome to join us. | 0:43:42 | 0:43:44 | |
-The tests are available to everyone, -regardless of family background... | 0:43:45 | 0:43:49 | |
-..or how recently -you've come to Wales. | 0:43:49 | 0:43:52 | |
-Thank you very much. | 0:43:52 | 0:43:54 | |
-Many of the nation's stars... | 0:43:54 | 0:43:56 | |
-..have already learnt the name -and number of their haplogroups. | 0:43:57 | 0:44:01 | |
-Many more well-known faces -are waiting to hear their results. | 0:44:02 | 0:44:05 | |
-Hooray! Some Riesling from Germany -with my chromosome label! | 0:44:06 | 0:44:10 | |
-But can we trace the DNA -of our most famous family? | 0:44:11 | 0:44:14 | |
-The Tudors... | 0:44:14 | 0:44:16 | |
-..who seized the English crown. | 0:44:16 | 0:44:19 | |
-# We're still here # | 0:44:23 | 0:44:25 | |
-But DNA Cymru -is the history of the people. | 0:44:26 | 0:44:29 | |
-We're still here... | 0:44:29 | 0:44:31 | |
-..but who are we? | 0:44:31 | 0:44:33 | |
-Initial test results suggest... | 0:44:33 | 0:44:36 | |
-..that the Welsh -have a very distinct profile. | 0:44:36 | 0:44:39 | |
-But we need many more results -to prove the point. | 0:44:41 | 0:44:45 | |
-Before the project launch ended -in Cardiff Bay... | 0:44:48 | 0:44:52 | |
-..there was one final secret... | 0:44:52 | 0:44:54 | |
-..to reveal -to one member of the audience. | 0:44:55 | 0:44:58 | |
-Our experts believe -they may have found... | 0:44:58 | 0:45:01 | |
-..a quintessentially Welsh -haplogroup. | 0:45:02 | 0:45:04 | |
-We've called it Ancient Welsh. -It's very rare, even in Wales. | 0:45:04 | 0:45:08 | |
-They say that 3% of Welsh people -may belong to this group. | 0:45:10 | 0:45:14 | |
-Apart from a small number -in the south of England... | 0:45:14 | 0:45:18 | |
-..there's no sign of it -elsewhere in the world. | 0:45:18 | 0:45:21 | |
-If the Welsh retreated to the west -when the Saxons arrived... | 0:45:22 | 0:45:28 | |
-..have we found their bloodline? | 0:45:28 | 0:45:31 | |
-Indeed, might this -unique sub-haplogroup... | 0:45:33 | 0:45:36 | |
-..originate directly -from the British princes... | 0:45:36 | 0:45:41 | |
-..from the time -of the Welsh legends? | 0:45:41 | 0:45:44 | |
-We hope to find people -with this special marker. | 0:45:44 | 0:45:50 | |
-Dafydd Iwan, you're one of them. | 0:45:50 | 0:45:54 | |
-I don't know what to say. | 0:46:03 | 0:46:05 | |
-You're "related to Arthur". | 0:46:05 | 0:46:07 | |
-My brother Arthur? | 0:46:08 | 0:46:10 | |
-Here's your DNA pack. -Many congratulations. | 0:46:12 | 0:46:15 | |
-Isn't that wonderful? | 0:46:15 | 0:46:17 | |
-For royals and for ordinary folk... | 0:46:21 | 0:46:25 | |
-..the journey has only just begun. | 0:46:25 | 0:46:27 | |
-There's much more to discover -about our DNA. | 0:46:29 | 0:46:33 | |
-The tests are continuing. -Who are the Welsh? | 0:46:33 | 0:46:37 | |
-The Saxons had a name for us - the -Wealhas - the Welsh, the foreigners. | 0:46:37 | 0:46:43 | |
-We call ourselves Cymry in Welsh... | 0:46:46 | 0:46:49 | |
-..which means fellow natives... | 0:46:49 | 0:46:52 | |
-..or compatriots. | 0:46:52 | 0:46:54 | |
-But what this epic journey -of our DNA suggests... | 0:46:55 | 0:46:58 | |
-..is that we -should go further than that. | 0:46:59 | 0:47:02 | |
-We're not just people -who share one country. | 0:47:02 | 0:47:05 | |
-So, who are we? Who are the Welsh? | 0:47:05 | 0:47:08 | |
-We belong to a family -that shares an entire planet. | 0:47:09 | 0:47:14 | |
-But what is our place -within that family? | 0:47:16 | 0:47:19 | |
-Thanks to science, we're closer -to the answer than ever before. | 0:47:19 | 0:47:24 | |
-With your help, -DNA Cymru can get even closer. | 0:47:24 | 0:47:28 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf. | 0:47:59 | 0:48:02 | |
-. | 0:48:02 | 0:48:03 |