Pennod 5 ‹ DNA Cymru

Line	From	To
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-Where did -the DNA of the Welsh originate?	0:00:02	0:00:05
-Michael Sheen's DNA?	0:00:07	0:00:09
-Charlotte Church's DNA?	0:00:09	0:00:11
-The DNA of each one of us -who lives in Wales today?	0:00:13	0:00:16
-In order to arrive -at the present generation...	0:00:18	0:00:21
-..our genes have been -on an epic journey through time.	0:00:22	0:00:26
-There's been change upon change.	0:00:28	0:00:30
-But looking back -over the generations...	0:00:33	0:00:36
-..over the centuries, it's possible -to see regular patterns emerge.	0:00:36	0:00:41
-Patterns of life and existence, -patterns of sharing and belonging.	0:00:44	0:00:48
-And patterns -in our genetic make-up...	0:00:48	0:00:52
-..and our DNA itself.	0:00:52	0:00:54
-Age-old patterns -that can clearly be seen today.	0:00:54	0:00:58
-As we follow these genetic patterns -across the planet...	0:00:59	0:01:03
-..we've showed -how we're related to one another.	0:01:03	0:01:06
-But it's time to -turn our attention closer to home.	0:01:07	0:01:10
-Over the past year, -we've analysed the DNA...	0:01:14	0:01:18
-..of more than 1,000 Welsh people.	0:01:18	0:01:20
-The biggest-ever study -of the nation's genetic make-up.	0:01:20	0:01:24
-In the final episode, -the time has come...	0:01:27	0:01:29
-..to reveal our findings.	0:01:30	0:01:32
-The focus so far -has been on our ancient history...	0:01:35	0:01:38
-..on our ancestors' distant past.	0:01:39	0:01:42
-But what's happened to our genealogy -in the past two centuries...	0:01:46	0:01:52
-..since the Industrial Revolution?	0:01:52	0:01:54
-And what about Wales today -and its genetics?	0:01:55	0:01:58
-What have DNA Cymru's spit kits -revealed about the modern nation?	0:01:59	0:02:04
-In a celebration of saliva, we now -have a means of delving further.	0:02:05	0:02:10
-It's a pleasure to be here today.	0:02:10	0:02:13
-What use are these tests -to our communities?	0:02:13	0:02:16
-What about the way -we consider the future?	0:02:17	0:02:20
-Knowing more about our genetics -sparks the imagination...	0:02:20	0:02:25
-..according to -one of our most famous figures.	0:02:25	0:02:29
-What I do for a living...	0:02:29	0:02:31
-..and what is -the passion of being an actor...	0:02:31	0:02:35
-..and telling stories, -part of what that requires...	0:02:35	0:02:38
-..is to imaginatively connect -to different people.	0:02:38	0:02:41
-This is something that is a more -tangible form of that, in a way.	0:02:42	0:02:46
-There's a new way -of evaluating all these factors.	0:02:48	0:02:53
-And its name is DNA.	0:02:53	0:02:55
-DNA Cymru.	0:02:55	0:02:57
-Take a look in the mirror.	0:03:12	0:03:15
-What do you see?	0:03:17	0:03:19
-A face, of course.	0:03:19	0:03:20
-But there's something else too.	0:03:21	0:03:23
-History.	0:03:23	0:03:24
-Personal history.	0:03:25	0:03:27
-Your own unique personal history.	0:03:29	0:03:32
-But a wider history too.	0:03:32	0:03:35
-The history -of your mother and father...	0:03:37	0:03:41
-..and their mothers and fathers.	0:03:41	0:03:43
-Each one -of your myriad ancestral mothers...	0:03:45	0:03:48
-..and fathers.	0:03:49	0:03:51
-We're all unique individuals.	0:03:51	0:03:54
-An interesting make-up -of fragments from the past.	0:03:54	0:03:58
-During the course -of filming this series...	0:04:01	0:04:04
-..Anwen's life -has completely changed.	0:04:05	0:04:07
-Now I'm pregnant -and expecting my first child...	0:04:09	0:04:12
-..I wonder what traits my baby -will inherit from my husband and me.	0:04:12	0:04:17
-Will the baby's eye colour -be the same as mine?	0:04:17	0:04:21
-What about the hair, the nose -and shape of the mouth?	0:04:21	0:04:25
-Will there be -a family resemblance...	0:04:25	0:04:28
-..or will our ancestors' DNA...	0:04:28	0:04:31
-..resurface from the distant past?	0:04:31	0:04:34
-I'm sure every new parent -asks similar questions.	0:04:36	0:04:40
-Now that Mali has arrived...	0:04:41	0:04:43
-..our roots are more important -than ever to us as a family.	0:04:43	0:04:48
-Anwen isn't the only one -to feel like that.	0:04:48	0:04:52
-Each year, thousands of people...	0:04:52	0:04:55
-..flock to events -such as this one in Birmingham.	0:04:55	0:04:59
-The Who Do You Think You Are -ancestry exhibition.	0:04:59	0:05:04
-This year, amid the discourse -and lectures on family history...	0:05:04	0:05:08
-..genetic tests -are more prominent than ever before.	0:05:08	0:05:13
-DNA is now an industry.	0:05:13	0:05:15
-It's in every nook and cranny here.	0:05:19	0:05:22
-At one time, tracing a family tree -was purely down to luck and chance.	0:05:22	0:05:27
-Asking Grandma or searching -in church and chapel records.	0:05:27	0:05:31
-Nowadays, there's -a wealth of expertise on offer...	0:05:32	0:05:36
-..to anyone who wants to know -where they've come from.	0:05:36	0:05:40
-There are genealogists, -archivists and researchers...	0:05:40	0:05:45
-..of all kinds.	0:05:45	0:05:47
-There are -major exhibitions like this one...	0:05:48	0:05:51
-..which demonstrate how keen people -are to learn about their past...	0:05:52	0:05:56
-..and their ancestors.	0:05:56	0:05:58
-However, -it's still quite a tall order...	0:05:59	0:06:02
-..to trace back further -than two or three generations.	0:06:02	0:06:06
-In Wales, like many other countries, -dark periods in history...	0:06:06	0:06:10
-..have ruined the lives -of thousands of families...	0:06:10	0:06:14
-..making it difficult -to trace genealogies...	0:06:14	0:06:17
-..and finding -the graves of loved ones.	0:06:17	0:06:20
-In cases such as these, -expert help is required.	0:06:23	0:06:26
-It's nice to see -that Wales has a prominent stand...	0:06:28	0:06:31
-..at the Birmingham exhibition.	0:06:31	0:06:34
-Beryl Evans -from the National Library...	0:06:34	0:06:37
-..is one of the experts on hand -to offer advice.	0:06:37	0:06:42
-My five top tips for making the most -of your visit to an archive office.	0:06:42	0:06:48
-The library is the main centre -of Welsh genealogy.	0:06:48	0:06:51
-It's always busy, with enquiries -from home and further afield.	0:06:52	0:06:56
-For Welsh exiles who drop by, -further research is required.	0:06:56	0:07:01
-We get asked all kinds of questions.	0:07:01	0:07:04
-Many say, "We're the Jones family, -we hail from Wales."	0:07:04	0:07:07
-We ask them where they're from -but they've no idea.	0:07:07	0:07:11
-However, others have done thorough -research and just need our guidance.	0:07:11	0:07:16
-We then direct them -to the library's collection...	0:07:16	0:07:19
-..our online services -and many of our projects.	0:07:20	0:07:23
-We also direct them to -other archive centres, if needs be.	0:07:23	0:07:27
-DNA is everything nowadays. -How do you combine the two things?	0:07:27	0:07:32
-The DNA industry has grown, as you -can see from these exhibitions...	0:07:32	0:07:37
-..and people who've got stuck -researching their family history...	0:07:38	0:07:43
-..can take a simple DNA test and -connect to different countries...	0:07:43	0:07:48
-..and areas of Wales, -as well as America and Australia.	0:07:48	0:07:52
-People in those countries...	0:07:53	0:07:55
-..can also contribute -to these DNA projects.	0:07:55	0:07:59
-It might help them to go to these -places and do further research.	0:07:59	0:08:04
-Interest in family history...	0:08:06	0:08:08
-..has prompted millions -around the world to take DNA tests.	0:08:08	0:08:13
-But for some, -there are other reasons.	0:08:16	0:08:18
-In Swansea are the headquarters...	0:08:18	0:08:21
-..of the -Cancer Genetics Services for Wales.	0:08:21	0:08:24
-Part of the centre's role -is to offer assistance...	0:08:24	0:08:28
-..when genetic diseases strike.	0:08:28	0:08:31
-As a genetic nurse -within the team...	0:08:31	0:08:34
-..Liwsi Kim Protheroe-Davies helps -people deal with difficult news.	0:08:34	0:08:39
-I'm a registered genetic counsellor -and I work with families.	0:08:40	0:08:45
-I study the family background...	0:08:45	0:08:47
-..to see if there are -any hereditary genetic conditions.	0:08:47	0:08:52
-It can be any condition, though -I work specifically with cancer.	0:08:52	0:08:56
-I see patients with a history -of cancer in the family.	0:08:56	0:09:00
-They want to know their risk...	0:09:00	0:09:02
-..and the chance of them passing -on the condition to their children.	0:09:03	0:09:07
-There are -lots of things to consider...	0:09:08	0:09:10
-..and sometimes -difficult topics to discuss too.	0:09:10	0:09:14
-One of the main concerns...	0:09:14	0:09:16
-..is that family secrets -may emerge in the tests.	0:09:16	0:09:20
-Many families come in -and we discuss the DNA...	0:09:20	0:09:23
-..and various tests -we can conduct...	0:09:24	0:09:26
-..to see -from where the disease has emanated.	0:09:26	0:09:30
-You can see by their faces...	0:09:30	0:09:32
-..that they've started to think...	0:09:32	0:09:35
-.."This is going to show up -something I don't want to see."	0:09:35	0:09:39
-At times -we've had a phone call to say...	0:09:39	0:09:42
-.."You know he's not the father," -though he's unaware.	0:09:42	0:09:46
-Hello?	0:09:46	0:09:48
-Hello, Liws! You've arrived!	0:09:48	0:09:51
-Yes. Are you OK?	0:09:51	0:09:53
-Liwsi and her father, -David Protheroe...	0:09:53	0:09:55
-..have decided -to take DNA Cymru's tests.	0:09:56	0:09:59
-DNA Cymru's results show that 20% -of Welshmen are the descendants...	0:10:00	0:10:04
-..of 10 of our history's -most renowned noblemen.	0:10:04	0:10:08
-It's interesting to see -that so few men...	0:10:08	0:10:11
-..are in the past -and that so many men nowadays...	0:10:12	0:10:15
-..can be traced back to them.	0:10:15	0:10:18
-It's this story which has prompted -David to try one of our spit kits.	0:10:19	0:10:23
-I've been reading about Hywel Dda...	0:10:24	0:10:27
-..and it appears that there may be -a connection, if it's correct...	0:10:28	0:10:33
-..that I can trace back to -that time, which'll be interesting.	0:10:33	0:10:37
-It'd be nice if there was some sort -of connection that would show...	0:10:37	0:10:42
-..that we can trace our genealogy -back through the centuries...	0:10:42	0:10:46
-..but I'm not concerned about it.	0:10:46	0:10:49
-We are who we are -and we're happy with that.	0:10:49	0:10:52
-DNA Cymru's results won't show -that everyone is related...	0:10:52	0:10:56
-..to our history's legends, -men like Hywel Dda.	0:10:56	0:11:00
-But the Y-chromosome DNA -of every man...	0:11:00	0:11:03
-..has been inherited, relatively -unchanged, from father to son.	0:11:03	0:11:08
-By identifying the genetic markers -in the chromosome...	0:11:08	0:11:11
-..it's possible to follow -one line through the generations.	0:11:12	0:11:15
-One lineage -amongst a multitude of ancestors.	0:11:16	0:11:19
-However, the direct connection -along the father line...	0:11:21	0:11:25
-..is of interest to many.	0:11:25	0:11:27
-I think it's this idea of this -link going back through time...	0:11:30	0:11:34
-..that excites people.	0:11:34	0:11:36
-People think about it, particularly -for the Y chromosome...	0:11:36	0:11:40
-..in the same way -they think about their surname.	0:11:41	0:11:44
-It's something they identify with.	0:11:44	0:11:46
-It speaks back to their grandfather, -their great-great-grandfather...	0:11:47	0:11:52
-..and this lineage -going through time.	0:11:52	0:11:56
-It may only be one small part of -our DNA but it's an important part.	0:12:00	0:12:03
-Lineage -has been important in human history.	0:12:05	0:12:09
-Land has been passed down through -the male line for generations.	0:12:09	0:12:15
-It's part of -people's way of thinking.	0:12:15	0:12:18
-They find it really interesting -what the Y chromosome...	0:12:19	0:12:24
-..can tell them -about a small part of their past.	0:12:24	0:12:27
-It's about -how they fit into the world.	0:12:27	0:12:29
-.	0:12:33	0:12:33
-Subtitles	0:12:37	0:12:37
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:12:37	0:12:39
-Before the Industrial Revolution, -the Welsh were rural folk.	0:12:41	0:12:45
-Towns were small -and slow to populate.	0:12:45	0:12:49
-Ordinary folk lived on the land...	0:12:51	0:12:54
-..without straying too far.	0:12:54	0:12:56
-Life was hard, and a mother -who saw each of her offspring...	0:12:58	0:13:02
-..grow into adults was very lucky.	0:13:03	0:13:05
-Mam! Mam!	0:13:08	0:13:09
-People lived and died -in their birthplace.	0:13:10	0:13:14
-Is it this stability -that is responsible...	0:13:16	0:13:19
-..for the continuation of genetic -makers that are unique to Wales?	0:13:19	0:13:24
-Gwilym! Come here, quickly!	0:13:24	0:13:26
-DNA Cymru can reveal...	0:13:26	0:13:28
-..that genetic clusters exist in -Wales today on the mother's line.	0:13:29	0:13:33
-Clusters that are 50 times more -common in Wales than in England.	0:13:33	0:13:39
-The clusters -stem from a minority of women...	0:13:39	0:13:43
-..long before the fragile lives -of country folk in medieval Wales.	0:13:44	0:13:48
-A fragile...	0:13:48	0:13:51
-..yet stable life.	0:13:51	0:13:53
-Otherwise, the genetic pattern -wouldn't have survived to this day.	0:13:53	0:13:57
-The Industrial Revolution -saw major change.	0:13:59	0:14:02
-Anyone who lived in Wales in 1750...	0:14:03	0:14:06
-..would barely recognize the country -a century later.	0:14:06	0:14:10
-Society's foundations had dissolved -and were newly reformed.	0:14:10	0:14:14
-The effect was the same -on our DNA pool.	0:14:17	0:14:19
-Copperopolis, Swansea...	0:14:20	0:14:22
-..needed thousands of workers.	0:14:22	0:14:24
-They arrived from rural Wales -as well as England and Ireland.	0:14:24	0:14:29
-The iron furnaces of Merthyr Tydfil -attracted people from the continent.	0:14:31	0:14:37
-Workers from -Spain, Italy, Poland and Russia.	0:14:37	0:14:41
-Industry transformed -the face of the Rhondda.	0:14:44	0:14:47
-But beneath the surface...	0:14:47	0:14:50
-..its genetics were changing too.	0:14:50	0:14:53
-By 1914...	0:14:55	0:14:57
-..a quarter of a million men -were toiling in Wales' coalfields.	0:14:57	0:15:01
-The Rhondda's DNA -became more diverse...	0:15:03	0:15:06
-..with each new generation.	0:15:06	0:15:08
-And not only in the Rhondda Valleys.	0:15:12	0:15:15
-People came from everywhere -as the coalfield expanded...	0:15:15	0:15:19
-..across Glamorgan, -Gwent and Carmarthenshire.	0:15:19	0:15:23
-Some of the genetic markers found in -DNA Cymru's tests on today's men...	0:15:23	0:15:28
-..must have appeared -for the first time...	0:15:29	0:15:32
-..as a result of immigration.	0:15:32	0:15:35
-There was no end to the revolution.	0:15:35	0:15:38
-After copper, iron and coal...	0:15:42	0:15:44
-..the steel industry was -the last to affect our DNA pool...	0:15:45	0:15:49
-..with a new wave of migration.	0:15:49	0:15:51
-Here in Port Talbot, -the Sandfields housing estate...	0:15:51	0:15:55
-..was built -in the shadow of the steelworks.	0:15:55	0:15:58
-Actor Michael Sheen's ancestors -were among the workers.	0:15:58	0:16:02
-His father's family -came to Wales from Ireland...	0:16:02	0:16:07
-..but Port Talbot -is undoubtedly Michael's habitat.	0:16:07	0:16:11
-This is the place I have -the most meaningful connection to.	0:16:11	0:16:15
-It's where I keep coming back to. -It's where my parents still live.	0:16:15	0:16:19
-It's where -I started in youth theatre...	0:16:19	0:16:22
-..it's where -I first got a passion for acting.	0:16:23	0:16:26
-It's where -there's a sense of community.	0:16:26	0:16:29
-It's where I came back -and did The Passion...	0:16:29	0:16:32
-..which was the most meaningful -project I've ever done...	0:16:32	0:16:36
-..about my life in the town -and the people I know.	0:16:36	0:16:39
-It's somewhere that always -refreshes me to come back to...	0:16:39	0:16:44
-..and rejuvenates me -and re-energises me.	0:16:45	0:16:48
-It's home, -as simply as that, really.	0:16:48	0:16:52
-Michael has come -to his favourite local club...	0:16:54	0:16:57
-..to receive -DNA Cymru's test results.	0:16:57	0:17:01
-He doesn't know much -about his father's family...	0:17:02	0:17:05
-..before -they came over from Ireland.	0:17:06	0:17:08
-He's eager to learn to which -ancient genetic group they belong.	0:17:09	0:17:15
-You're R1b.	0:17:15	0:17:16
-It turns out...	0:17:17	0:17:19
-..that it is -a very Irish marker indeed.	0:17:19	0:17:23
-The test has analysed -Michael's genetic markers.	0:17:23	0:17:27
-Markers which originate -from one of his ancestors...	0:17:27	0:17:31
-..thousands of years ago.	0:17:31	0:17:33
-A haplogroup denotes a group -who share the same genetic markers.	0:17:33	0:17:38
-As we trace the journey of a man's -family in the ancient world...	0:17:40	0:17:45
-..a letter is attached -to each different haplogroup.	0:17:45	0:17:48
-As one group -ventures in a new direction...	0:17:49	0:17:52
-..and loses contact with others, -a number is added to the letter...	0:17:52	0:17:57
-..to denote -a new, unique genetic marker.	0:17:57	0:18:00
-Michael's sub-haplogroup...	0:18:00	0:18:02
-..is more common -in the west of Ireland...	0:18:03	0:18:06
-..and is indicative of one -of the most important migrations...	0:18:07	0:18:11
-..in Europe's ancient history.	0:18:11	0:18:14
-4,500 years ago, -from Iberia in the south...	0:18:14	0:18:18
-..across the Atlantic Ocean, -a trading network was thriving.	0:18:18	0:18:22
-It brought new people -to the British Isles and Ireland.	0:18:23	0:18:26
-The first metal masters.	0:18:26	0:18:28
-The Beaker People.	0:18:29	0:18:31
-The name comes from -the fine vessels they used...	0:18:31	0:18:35
-..in their daily lives and rituals.	0:18:35	0:18:38
-They moved around -the ancient world...	0:18:39	0:18:42
-..and their copper skills -transformed society...	0:18:43	0:18:46
-..in Wales and Ireland.	0:18:47	0:18:49
-I'm really glad that my history -is rooted in one people, the Celts.	0:18:49	0:18:55
-That's really important to me.	0:18:55	0:18:57
-On the other hand, -there's this wandering group...	0:18:57	0:19:01
-..who are moving around Europe, -connected to different parts.	0:19:01	0:19:06
-I love the idea of us -as being inter-connected..	0:19:06	0:19:09
-..especially at the moment...	0:19:09	0:19:11
-..where there's emotive talk about -immigrants, refugees and migration.	0:19:12	0:19:17
-It's a false sense that we have -these borders that keep us apart.	0:19:17	0:19:22
-We're one people constantly -moving around and inter-connecting.	0:19:22	0:19:26
-Anything that helps us...	0:19:27	0:19:29
-..to have an emotional connection -to that is great.	0:19:29	0:19:32
-Something about the Beaker People -and their skills...	0:19:32	0:19:36
-..inspires Michael to contemplate -his own craft as an actor.	0:19:36	0:19:41
-The force -that through the green fuse	0:19:41	0:19:44
-Drives the flower, -drives my green age	0:19:44	0:19:47
-That blasts the roots of trees -is my destroyer	0:19:48	0:19:51
-And I am dumb to tell -the crooked rose my youth is bent	0:19:51	0:19:55
-By the same wintry fever	0:19:55	0:19:57
-The force that drives the water -through the rocks	0:20:00	0:20:03
-Drives my red blood	0:20:04	0:20:06
-That dries the mouthing streams	0:20:07	0:20:09
-Turns mine to wax	0:20:09	0:20:11
-And I am dumb to mouth unto my veins	0:20:12	0:20:14
-How at the mountain spring -the same mouth sucks.	0:20:15	0:20:18
-Part of what I do for living and -what is the passion in my life...	0:20:18	0:20:23
-..of being an actor -and telling stories...	0:20:24	0:20:26
-..part of what that requires -is to imaginatively connect...	0:20:26	0:20:30
-..to all kinds of different people.	0:20:30	0:20:33
-The way my life has gone is that -I've pursued the idea of empathy...	0:20:33	0:20:38
-..and connecting out -to other people.	0:20:38	0:20:42
-This is something that is -a more tangible form of that.	0:20:42	0:20:46
-We've also looked at -the last six to eight generations.	0:20:46	0:20:51
-We've looked at -all of your ancestry...	0:20:51	0:20:54
-..not just your Y chromosome -and mitochondrial.	0:20:54	0:20:57
-You are very European indeed. -Look at this.	0:20:58	0:21:01
-This is a chart. -You're 75% European.	0:21:01	0:21:05
-Wow!	0:21:05	0:21:07
-We've tested lots -who have north Asian in them...	0:21:07	0:21:10
-..but you are so European.	0:21:11	0:21:13
-That's great.	0:21:13	0:21:15
-It's fantastic to feel anything that -makes you feel more connected...	0:21:15	0:21:20
-..as to European, -I think is a really good thing.	0:21:20	0:21:24
-Having an emotional connection -to this story...	0:21:25	0:21:28
-..is going to take a while, as it -starts to connect imaginatively...	0:21:29	0:21:33
-..as I find out more about it.	0:21:33	0:21:35
-But definitely knowing that -there's both, on the one hand...	0:21:36	0:21:40
-..a rooted sense and -a particular people, the Celts...	0:21:40	0:21:44
-..but on the other hand, -physically a lot of movement...	0:21:44	0:21:47
-..travelling across Europe, up from -the south to the north, I love that.	0:21:48	0:21:53
-It's important -to have a sense of that.	0:21:53	0:21:56
-You come from a people that -is a wandering people. It's great.	0:21:56	0:22:00
-And I am dumb -to tell a weather's wind	0:22:00	0:22:03
-How time has ticked -to heaven round the stars	0:22:03	0:22:07
-And I am dumb -to tell the lover's tomb	0:22:09	0:22:12
-How at my sheet -goes the same crooked worm.	0:22:12	0:22:16
-.	0:22:20	0:22:20
-Subtitles	0:22:21	0:22:21
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:22:21	0:22:23
-Over the past two centuries...	0:22:25	0:22:28
-..thousands moved to towns like Port -Talbot to work in heavy industries.	0:22:29	0:22:33
-Coal, iron and steel.	0:22:34	0:22:36
-They came from -every corner of Wales and beyond.	0:22:37	0:22:41
-Among them was the family -of actor Michael Sheen.	0:22:42	0:22:46
-DNA Cymru's report -shows that his father's lineage...	0:22:46	0:22:50
-..is a very ancient Irish one.	0:22:50	0:22:52
-I take great pride in being Welsh...	0:22:52	0:22:55
-..and being a Celt, more generally.	0:22:55	0:22:58
-Knowing that I've been a Celt -for a very long time is great.	0:22:58	0:23:02
-I like that.	0:23:02	0:23:03
-Having moved from Ireland -to Cardiff, originally...	0:23:04	0:23:08
-..Michael Sheen's -great-great-great-grandfather...	0:23:08	0:23:12
-..became part -of the city's rapid growth...	0:23:12	0:23:15
-..due to the development -of the South Wales coalfields.	0:23:15	0:23:19
-By the beginning of WWI...	0:23:19	0:23:21
-..it became the world's biggest port -for exporting coal.	0:23:22	0:23:26
-In order for the coal to go out, -the sailors had to come in.	0:23:26	0:23:30
-With them, of course, -came their DNA.	0:23:30	0:23:33
-DNA from four corners of the world.	0:23:33	0:23:36
-The docklands area, -Butetown or Tiger Bay...	0:23:36	0:23:40
-..became famous for its melting pot -of white and black people.	0:23:40	0:23:44
-Butetown was a profoundly -inter-cultural...	0:23:45	0:23:48
-..and multi-cultural community.	0:23:49	0:23:51
-I know a black woman in Butetown -who can speak rather good Norwegian.	0:23:52	0:23:56
-She was not Norwegian, -she was a cosmopolitan.	0:23:56	0:23:59
-Children shared a special culture.	0:23:59	0:24:01
-Sunday school -with a black American gospel feel.	0:24:03	0:24:08
-Muslim processions...	0:24:11	0:24:13
-..based on, believe it or not, the -Catholic customs of the Bay's Irish.	0:24:13	0:24:18
-The old compatriots -of Michael Sheen's family.	0:24:18	0:24:22
-Crucial to this story is that -almost all the immigrants were male.	0:24:22	0:24:26
-Males who then married or had -relationships with local women...	0:24:26	0:24:30
-..many of whom might've been -from the Valleys or Cardiff.	0:24:31	0:24:34
-You get a community of males -who are from different countries...	0:24:34	0:24:38
-..and local women.	0:24:38	0:24:40
-50 years ago came major change.	0:24:40	0:24:42
-Terraced houses were demolished -to be replaced by high-rise flats.	0:24:45	0:24:50
-Outside the city, -new housing estates...	0:24:51	0:24:53
-..the biggest of which -was my birthplace, Ely.	0:24:54	0:24:57
-A new community...	0:24:58	0:25:00
-..with no lasting ties -with the neighbourhood.	0:25:00	0:25:03
-Interest in local history -was slow to take hold here.	0:25:03	0:25:07
-But nowadays, -residents make a concerted effort...	0:25:08	0:25:11
-..to reconnect with its history.	0:25:12	0:25:14
-And it's quite a story.	0:25:15	0:25:17
-Ladies and gentlemen, -it's a pleasure to be here today.	0:25:17	0:25:22
-At the annual Ely festival, we're -offering ancient DNA testing...	0:25:22	0:25:26
-..to people who want to learn more -about their history.	0:25:26	0:25:29
-What we've done as part of DNA -is given lots of testing kits...	0:25:30	0:25:34
-..so we're using science to work out -where we in Wales come from.	0:25:34	0:25:38
-The number of tests -is insufficient...	0:25:39	0:25:41
-..to get a comprehensive view -of Ely's population.	0:25:42	0:25:45
-The hope is that -it'll encourage an interest...	0:25:45	0:25:48
-..in what people have in common...	0:25:48	0:25:51
-..in terms of the ancient history -of their genetics.	0:25:51	0:25:54
-Above the houses are the ruins -of an Iron Age hill-fort.	0:25:55	0:25:58
-DNA Cymru is working in tandem -with the CAER project...	0:25:59	0:26:02
-..which helps locals to -understand the ruins' significance.	0:26:03	0:26:07
-Cardiff University's archaeologists -are here...	0:26:07	0:26:10
-..to offer residents a chance -to dig deeper into their history.	0:26:10	0:26:16
-I knew there was something here -from its name, Caerau...	0:26:16	0:26:20
-..but I didn't have a clue that it -was as significant and as ancient...	0:26:20	0:26:25
-..as other discoveries.	0:26:26	0:26:27
-I didn't expect to be doing it -on my doorstep either!	0:26:28	0:26:31
-We started sieving...	0:26:31	0:26:34
-..and we found pottery and bones.	0:26:34	0:26:37
-Poppy, who's been working here, -has found an axe.	0:26:37	0:26:41
-Hello, Poppy. How old is the axe?	0:26:41	0:26:44
-It's 5,000 years old.	0:26:44	0:26:47
-Amazing. Wow.	0:26:47	0:26:50
-Proof that the suburb's history -stretches far back in time.	0:26:51	0:26:55
-It instils new pride -in Ely's youngsters.	0:26:55	0:26:59
-It feels really special.	0:27:00	0:27:02
-You may find something -that no-one else has found.	0:27:03	0:27:07
-You've discovered new history.	0:27:07	0:27:10
-It may change people's attitudes -towards Ely and Caerau.	0:27:10	0:27:14
-Perhaps more people -will respect Ely and Caerau now.	0:27:14	0:27:17
-Attitudes -towards the area will change.	0:27:18	0:27:20
-It's something they haven't seen.	0:27:20	0:27:23
-Touching the neighbourhood's -ancient history...	0:27:23	0:27:27
-..and the possibility of tracing -their own personal history back...	0:27:27	0:27:33
-..by taking DNA Cymru's tests -excites volunteers of all ages.	0:27:33	0:27:38
-This was built by your people.	0:27:40	0:27:42
-And the DNA, it just confirms that.	0:27:42	0:27:45
-That this is part of who we are.	0:27:46	0:27:49
-One of the area's locals, -who's visiting the project today...	0:27:49	0:27:53
-..brings a broader perspective...	0:27:53	0:27:56
-..in terms of her experience in the -European Parliament over the years.	0:27:58	0:28:03
-I was born and raised in Ely.	0:28:03	0:28:05
-My father was a vicar here -for more than 30 years.	0:28:05	0:28:09
-All my family were raised here.	0:28:09	0:28:11
-Our origins are firmly rooted here.	0:28:11	0:28:14
-I certainly consider the area...	0:28:14	0:28:16
-..as the place where I gained -my political experience.	0:28:16	0:28:20
-My political awareness -comes from Ely.	0:28:20	0:28:23
-Dotty?	0:28:23	0:28:24
-Dotty Lee. Dotty Lee, yes, yes, yes.	0:28:24	0:28:26
-Elsie Copeland?	0:28:27	0:28:28
-There weren't -many people of colour in the area.	0:28:28	0:28:31
-This area wasn't like the docks.	0:28:32	0:28:35
-Things are gradually changing...	0:28:35	0:28:38
-..but that sense of community -is very strong.	0:28:38	0:28:42
-DNA Cymru has already established...	0:28:43	0:28:47
-..that the hill-fort's inhabitants -had moved here...	0:28:47	0:28:51
-..from far away, -across the ancient world.	0:28:51	0:28:54
-For Eluned, the tests and the -digging has special significance.	0:28:56	0:29:01
-Especially nowadays, when people -come here from other countries.	0:29:02	0:29:07
-We see people trying to flee -from Africa and Syria.	0:29:07	0:29:11
-We have to be conscious that we too, -at some point, have fled.	0:29:11	0:29:16
-That we too are immigrants.	0:29:16	0:29:18
-Practically nobody -comes from here originally.	0:29:18	0:29:22
-I do feel, -in terms of our awareness...	0:29:22	0:29:25
-..it's not just about -where we've come from...	0:29:25	0:29:28
-..but where we're going in future.	0:29:28	0:29:31
-We must understand -that we have to live in a world...	0:29:31	0:29:34
-..that's still moving and that still -sees immigration from overseas.	0:29:34	0:29:39
-That's still going on -but it's not a new phenomenon.	0:29:40	0:29:43
-While the residents of Ely -await the test results...	0:29:48	0:29:51
-..there's time for me to visit -another of Cardiff's communities.	0:29:52	0:29:56
-Canton.	0:29:57	0:29:59
-Life in the city wouldn't be -the same without places like this.	0:30:02	0:30:06
-Local cafes - somewhere -to have a cuppa and a chat.	0:30:07	0:30:10
-Hello, Victoria, how's it going?	0:30:12	0:30:14
-Hello, Victoria, how's it going? - -Very well, thank you, Jason.	0:30:14	0:30:16
-Is everything alright? -Have you been busy?	0:30:16	0:30:19
-Yes, very busy. Enjoy.	0:30:20	0:30:22
-It's experiences like this -that give you roots.	0:30:24	0:30:28
-I'm here today to meet someone...	0:30:28	0:30:30
-..who certainly feels -that her roots...	0:30:30	0:30:33
-..are firmly planted in Cardiff.	0:30:33	0:30:36
-Charlotte Church is about to hear -what her DNA Cymru test results...	0:30:37	0:30:42
-..reveal about -her family's ancient history.	0:30:42	0:30:45
-How important is family to you?	0:30:45	0:30:47
-Like most people, -it's the be all and end all.	0:30:48	0:30:51
-My kids are amazing. -They're my life blood.	0:30:51	0:30:54
-They're incredible.	0:30:54	0:30:56
-But also, all my extended family - -my nan, my bamp, my mum, dad, aunty.	0:30:56	0:31:01
-We've got a massive family.	0:31:01	0:31:03
-Lots of people don't know -their fifth and sixth cousins.	0:31:03	0:31:07
-I do. I know them all!	0:31:07	0:31:09
-They're all dotted around Fairwater, -Canton and round and about.	0:31:09	0:31:14
-You've obviously done -the family history thing.	0:31:14	0:31:17
-You're fascinated about -where Charlotte Church comes from.	0:31:18	0:31:22
-Yes, I suppose my nana's -looked a lot into family trees...	0:31:22	0:31:26
-..and bits and bobs of genealogy...	0:31:26	0:31:29
-..but there's only so far -you can get with the internet.	0:31:29	0:31:33
-What she has found out thus far -has been deeply shocking!	0:31:33	0:31:37
-There are a lot of hedonists in -my family, so I don't feel so alone.	0:31:37	0:31:41
-Are you ready?	0:31:42	0:31:43
-Are you ready? - -I am ready.	0:31:43	0:31:45
-Wow. OK.	0:31:46	0:31:48
-So my mtDNA sub-type is H1c...	0:31:48	0:31:52
-..which is part of -the haplogroup Western Refuges.	0:31:52	0:31:56
-What does that mean?	0:31:56	0:31:58
-What does that mean? - -It's a good question.	0:31:58	0:32:00
-The ancient people -of western Europe...	0:32:01	0:32:04
-..found refuge -in the Pyrenees during the Ice Age.	0:32:05	0:32:08
-Charlotte's ancient female ancestors -sheltered from the cold...	0:32:12	0:32:16
-..in caves like these.	0:32:17	0:32:19
-There's a record of their lives -on cave walls in the south...	0:32:19	0:32:23
-..as perpetual winter ruled over -the territories of northern Europe.	0:32:24	0:32:29
-They had to venture outside -to hunt animals...	0:32:33	0:32:36
-..who could survive the freeze.	0:32:37	0:32:39
-The mammoth and the hyena, -the deer, the wolf and bear.	0:32:39	0:32:43
-As the ice eventually melted, -the women and their families...	0:32:46	0:32:50
-..could think -of moving on again to the north.	0:32:50	0:32:54
-That's how people returned to Wales.	0:32:54	0:32:57
-In extreme conditions, -the women of the northern refuges...	0:32:57	0:33:01
-..managed to survive.	0:33:01	0:33:03
-Nice. Nice.	0:33:07	0:33:10
-Look at you - extremely successful.	0:33:10	0:33:13
-Now your kids -can run around tomorrow and say...	0:33:13	0:33:16
-.."My mum -is from the western refuges."	0:33:16	0:33:19
-All of the other kids will -look at them blankly. "OK, fine."	0:33:19	0:33:23
-"Go and play catch!"	0:33:24	0:33:25
-Lovely to see you. -Thank you very much.	0:33:26	0:33:29
-It's been my pleasure.	0:33:29	0:33:31
-The capital -is awash with different tales.	0:33:32	0:33:37
-Personal tales, -communal tales, genetic tales.	0:33:37	0:33:42
-Cardiff, Cardiff, -we are rapping free.	0:33:42	0:33:46
-Cardiff, Cardiff, -we are rapping free.	0:33:46	0:33:50
-To celebrate the diversity...	0:33:51	0:33:54
-..DNA Cymru -has occupied the Millennium Centre.	0:33:54	0:33:57
-The city's children are here...	0:33:58	0:34:01
-..to express their pride in their -genetic legacy in the form of rap.	0:34:01	0:34:06
-Cardiff, Cardiff.	0:34:06	0:34:08
-We are rapping free.	0:34:08	0:34:09
-Cardiff, Cardiff...	0:34:10	0:34:12
-DNA Cymru's results...	0:34:12	0:34:14
-..are ready to be presented -to the project's representatives...	0:34:14	0:34:20
-..who are close to Jason's heart.	0:34:20	0:34:22
-..who are close to Jason's heart. - -Here are some of the people...	0:34:22	0:34:24
-..who've taken the tests.	0:34:24	0:34:26
-They're from Ely, Cardiff, -of course. Here we are, boys.	0:34:26	0:34:30
-It's great sharing gossip with -neighbours from my old hometown.	0:34:30	0:34:35
-I wonder how close we're all -related, seeing as we're from Ely.	0:34:35	0:34:40
-You went to the same school. -You lived round the corner to me.	0:34:40	0:34:44
-I probably walked on your farm.	0:34:44	0:34:46
-As expected...	0:34:47	0:34:49
-..the results from Ely -are very varied.	0:34:49	0:34:53
-But among this variety...	0:34:54	0:34:56
-..is a lesson.	0:34:56	0:34:58
-It underlines Eluned Morgan's point.	0:34:59	0:35:02
-We must remember that we were all -immigrants at some point in history.	0:35:02	0:35:08
-I feel like a pioneer...	0:35:10	0:35:12
-..descended from these people who -moved up from southern Europe...	0:35:12	0:35:17
-..when the Ice Age was receding.	0:35:17	0:35:19
-They made the land, -they shaped it as it still is.	0:35:19	0:35:24
-I think that's something -I can feel proud of.	0:35:24	0:35:28
-A sense of continuity going back -thousands of years. That's amazing.	0:35:28	0:35:33
-It was very fitting...	0:35:33	0:35:36
-..to combine the revelations and -discussions with an ode from a poet.	0:35:36	0:35:41
-Mari George.	0:35:42	0:35:44
-And so we became the Welsh	0:35:44	0:35:47
-We came to learn -that we're still here	0:35:47	0:35:49
-And came to feel what we feel	0:35:50	0:35:52
-And fight for what we believe in	0:35:52	0:35:55
-Fine	0:35:56	0:35:58
-But ask yourselves, -where did our longing come from?	0:35:58	0:36:02
-.	0:36:02	0:36:02
-Subtitles	0:36:06	0:36:06
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:36:06	0:36:08
-Over the past year...	0:36:08	0:36:10
-..DNA Cymru has analysed the biggest -ever sample of the nation's DNA.	0:36:10	0:36:15
-It's time to present -some of our findings.	0:36:15	0:36:19
-We've studied -a treasure from the past.	0:36:20	0:36:24
-A treasure that each one of us -carries in our bodies.	0:36:24	0:36:28
-The key to ancient mysteries.	0:36:28	0:36:30
-The key is in -the code of the double helix...	0:36:30	0:36:33
-..the famous molecule, the building -block of life down the generations.	0:36:33	0:36:38
-By conducting laboratory tests...	0:36:39	0:36:41
-..on the saliva of more than -1,000 Welsh people today...	0:36:41	0:36:45
-..we've analysed that code.	0:36:45	0:36:48
-Our findings are surprising.	0:36:48	0:36:50
-The test focuses -on two small parts of our DNA.	0:36:52	0:36:56
-The DNA of the Y chromosome, -which passes from father to son...	0:36:56	0:37:00
-..without much change -down the centuries...	0:37:01	0:37:04
-..and the mitochondrial DNA...	0:37:04	0:37:06
-..which passes -from mother to her children...	0:37:06	0:37:09
-..without much change -down the generations.	0:37:10	0:37:13
-Scientists have traced these -two minor parts of DNA, unbroken...	0:37:13	0:37:18
-..back to the earliest period -in the history of mankind.	0:37:18	0:37:23
-DNA Cymru -visited the Great Rift Valley...	0:37:25	0:37:28
-..the birthplace of the human race.	0:37:28	0:37:31
-The truth is, -we all belong to the same family.	0:37:33	0:37:36
-An African family.	0:37:36	0:37:39
-The familial stream flowed -to every corner of the continent.	0:37:41	0:37:46
-But it remained in Africa.	0:37:46	0:37:48
-Then, some 60,000 years ago...	0:37:48	0:37:51
-..a small group of people -took the first steps...	0:37:51	0:37:55
-..of their epic journey.	0:37:55	0:37:57
-Once they left Africa, -people spread far and wide...	0:37:57	0:38:02
-..across the ancient world.	0:38:03	0:38:04
-They took their DNA -to every continent...	0:38:05	0:38:08
-..and to the country -we know today as Wales.	0:38:08	0:38:11
-The human remains -at Paviland in the Gower...	0:38:13	0:38:16
-..more than 30,000 years ago...	0:38:17	0:38:20
-..are among the oldest -in western Europe.	0:38:20	0:38:23
-But then came the Ice Age.	0:38:24	0:38:27
-People had to retreat to the south.	0:38:27	0:38:30
-Tests suggest that a high percentage -of the Welsh's mitochondrial DNA...	0:38:31	0:38:36
-..stems from the women who -sought refuge in places like this...	0:38:36	0:38:40
-..until the ice -started melting once again.	0:38:40	0:38:43
-Then, wave after wave -of immigrants came to Wales.	0:38:45	0:38:49
-The early hunters who -lived on plants and wild animals.	0:38:50	0:38:54
-The first farmers -who introduced agriculture...	0:38:57	0:39:01
-..and built their large monuments.	0:39:01	0:39:04
-And the Beaker People, -who mastered the art of smelting.	0:39:08	0:39:12
-Among them was a child...	0:39:14	0:39:16
-..who was born -bearing a unique genetic marker.	0:39:17	0:39:20
-A marker that is still common -among Welshmen today...	0:39:24	0:39:28
-..according to our tests.	0:39:28	0:39:30
-2,000 years ago, the hill-fort was -the home of the nation's ancestors.	0:39:35	0:39:40
-Descendants of these three -ancient groups of immigrants...	0:39:41	0:39:46
-..lived together -in the hill-forts...	0:39:47	0:39:49
-..like the one archaeologists -have discovered in Ely...	0:39:49	0:39:53
-..according to evidence -found in our tests.	0:39:53	0:39:57
-The hunters, the farmers...	0:39:57	0:40:01
-..and the Beaker People.	0:40:01	0:40:03
-But the descendants of one group -was much more prominent...	0:40:03	0:40:08
-..than the two others.	0:40:08	0:40:10
-The Roman legions demolished -the ancient world of the hill-fort.	0:40:18	0:40:24
-But despite -the influence of the Romans...	0:40:24	0:40:27
-..it's difficult to trace their DNA -in the current nation's gene pool.	0:40:27	0:40:32
-After the Romans, -the Saxons preyed on Wales.	0:40:35	0:40:39
-But DNA Cymru's tests -have confirmed...	0:40:40	0:40:43
-..that Offa's Dyke -is a genetic boundary...	0:40:43	0:40:47
-..as well as a political boundary.	0:40:47	0:40:49
-The key genetic marker -found among the Beaker People...	0:40:49	0:40:53
-..indicates a big difference -on both sides of the dyke.	0:40:53	0:40:57
-There's also -very little evidence in Wales...	0:40:59	0:41:03
-..of other ferocious invaders -who came to our shores.	0:41:03	0:41:07
-But many Welsh people today -cling to the notion...	0:41:08	0:41:11
-..that Viking blood -still flows in their veins.	0:41:11	0:41:15
-Is there a chip shop nearby? -The sea air makes me ravenous.	0:41:17	0:41:21
-DNA Cymru -came across a possible connection...	0:41:24	0:41:28
-..between the Normans -and one of our current heroes...	0:41:28	0:41:32
-..when it was revealed -in Alun Wyn Jones' DNA results.	0:41:32	0:41:35
-And evidence that one of Llangwm's -residents in Pembrokeshire...	0:41:37	0:41:41
-..was a descendant of one of the -village's founders from Flanders.	0:41:42	0:41:46
-He has to be connected to the De La -Roche, the founders of the village.	0:41:46	0:41:51
-What about Wales' ancient leaders - -the princes and the noblemen?	0:41:51	0:41:55
-One of our most striking results...	0:41:55	0:41:59
-..is to do with them.	0:41:59	0:42:01
-The memory of ancient chieftains...	0:42:03	0:42:05
-..such as Rhodri Fawr, -Hywel Dda and Lord Rhys...	0:42:06	0:42:09
-..was kept alive -in the nation's psyche.	0:42:09	0:42:13
-Their genealogies -were carefully recorded...	0:42:13	0:42:16
-..and depicted in long scrolls -in the nobility's mansions.	0:42:16	0:42:20
-Their place -in our country's history...	0:42:20	0:42:23
-..is known to historians.	0:42:24	0:42:26
-But now we know -that they formed the nation...	0:42:26	0:42:29
-..in a way -no-one had suspected before.	0:42:30	0:42:34
-According to -our tests and research...	0:42:35	0:42:38
-..it appears that one -in every five Welshmen today...	0:42:38	0:42:42
-..is a direct descendant on -the father line to 10 prominent men.	0:42:42	0:42:47
-10 men who lived in Wales -less than 2,000 years ago.	0:42:47	0:42:51
-It's a striking statistic.	0:42:52	0:42:54
-Up to 200,000 -of today's population...	0:42:54	0:42:57
-..are related -to 10 of the old nobility.	0:42:58	0:43:01
-Thousands more Welsh exiles -carry the same genetic markers.	0:43:01	0:43:06
-They form genetic clusters.	0:43:09	0:43:11
-Groups of men -who share the same genetic pattern.	0:43:11	0:43:14
-Although scientists -have found similar clusters....	0:43:17	0:43:20
-..in Scotland, -Ireland and Mongolia...	0:43:21	0:43:24
-..it appears that the pattern -in Wales is even more notable.	0:43:25	0:43:29
-Since the start -of the DNA Cymru project...	0:43:31	0:43:34
-..it's clear that ordinary folk have -definite ideas about their roots.	0:43:34	0:43:39
-In a non-scientific survey -at Parc y Scarlets...	0:43:39	0:43:43
-..the majority of fans -regarded themselves as Celts.	0:43:43	0:43:48
-On receiving their DNA results...	0:43:49	0:43:51
-..many of the nation's greats also -empathized strongly with the Celts.	0:43:51	0:43:57
-We Welsh people are dark and small. -I can't wait to see where I'm from.	0:43:57	0:44:02
-I'm nervous too.	0:44:03	0:44:04
-But many of them were shocked.	0:44:05	0:44:07
-The Ice Age?	0:44:08	0:44:09
-The Ice Age? - -6,000 years ago.	0:44:09	0:44:11
-That's too much for my brain!	0:44:11	0:44:14
-This goes back and back and back.	0:44:14	0:44:16
-I'm content with that.	0:44:16	0:44:18
-I'm a bit of a pedigree. -I've searched all my life for one!	0:44:18	0:44:22
-For Colin Charvis, the test result -was a complete shock.	0:44:22	0:44:27
-His father -was from Jamaica originally.	0:44:27	0:44:30
-Colin had taken it for granted -that his family had arrived there...	0:44:31	0:44:36
-..as slaves from Africa.	0:44:36	0:44:39
-But DNA Cymru had news for him.	0:44:39	0:44:42
-You. Are. Welsh.	0:44:43	0:44:45
-Colin is -the descendant of a Welshman...	0:44:47	0:44:49
-..who went to the Caribbean -during the age of slavery...	0:44:50	0:44:53
-..and belongs to -one of the genetic clusters...	0:44:54	0:44:57
-..that have emerged in our tests.	0:44:57	0:44:59
-The spit kits of many more people...	0:45:00	0:45:03
-..have shown -that they are part of a cluster.	0:45:03	0:45:06
-One of them, as he'd hoped, -is David Protheroe.	0:45:07	0:45:10
-It'd help -if it was the right way round!	0:45:10	0:45:13
-Surprisingly, -his daughter, Liwsi Kim...	0:45:13	0:45:16
-..also belongs to -a cluster on her mother's line...	0:45:17	0:45:20
-..a female cluster that DNA Cymru -has only recently discovered.	0:45:20	0:45:25
-After all, family history...	0:45:27	0:45:29
-..is the nation's history too.	0:45:29	0:45:31
-Take a look in the mirror.	0:45:34	0:45:36
-What do you see? History.	0:45:36	0:45:40
-A history that means more the more -you understand the genetics...	0:45:40	0:45:46
-..that drives that history.	0:45:46	0:45:49
-The force that through -the green fuse drives the flower	0:45:49	0:45:52
-Drives my green age	0:45:52	0:45:55
-That blasts the roots of trees	0:45:55	0:45:57
-Is my destroyer	0:45:57	0:45:59
-And I am dumb -to tell the crooked rose	0:46:00	0:46:02
-My youth is bent -by the same wintry fever.	0:46:02	0:46:05
-Our roots, and the way they've grown -from the earth on which we live...	0:46:06	0:46:11
-..have always been -a topic for poets...	0:46:12	0:46:15
-..historians and scientists.	0:46:15	0:46:18
-The DNA Cymru project began -with a simple question.	0:46:20	0:46:23
-Who are the Welsh?	0:46:24	0:46:25
-And by answering that question...	0:46:28	0:46:31
-..one truth -has emerged time and time again.	0:46:31	0:46:34
-We belong to a family, belong -to a community, belong to a nation.	0:46:36	0:46:41
-But understanding our genetics...	0:46:42	0:46:44
-..shows that we belong -to everyone on the planet.	0:46:45	0:46:48
-The personal story -of every individual...	0:46:48	0:46:52
-..is part of the history of mankind.	0:46:52	0:46:55
-For many of us...	0:46:55	0:46:58
-..that's priceless.	0:46:59	0:47:01
-Who are the Welsh?	0:47:02	0:47:04
-We're brothers and sisters.	0:47:04	0:47:06
-We're all related to one another.	0:47:06	0:47:09
-Every one of us in Wales today.	0:47:09	0:47:11
-The proof is in our DNA.	0:47:11	0:47:14
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:47:43	0:47:45
-.	0:47:45	0:47:45

Pennod 5 DNA Cymru

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