O Ffaldybrenin i Tsieina ‹ Cyfres 2017

Line	From	To
-Subtitles	0:00:00	0:00:00
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:00:00	0:00:02
-I'm following in the footsteps -of Welsh people...	0:00:04	0:00:07
-..who have ventured to foreign -countries over the centuries.	0:00:07	0:00:11
-The journeys encompass -tragedies, scandals and wars.	0:00:13	0:00:17
-I'll see -what the countries are like now...	0:00:18	0:00:21
-..records of the original journeys -and what remains of their world.	0:00:21	0:00:26
-From Ffaldybrenin to China	0:00:39	0:00:43
-In February 1870, a man -from rural Wales arrived here...	0:00:52	0:00:56
-..the port of Yantai in China.	0:00:56	0:00:58
-He was one -of the early missionaries.	0:00:58	0:01:01
-Some say he was the most important -missionary to visit this country...	0:01:01	0:01:06
-..but he was far more than that.	0:01:06	0:01:08
-He saved the lives of thousands -of people by fighting famine.	0:01:08	0:01:13
-He became friends -with the Emperor...	0:01:13	0:01:15
-..and campaigned -to develop the country.	0:01:15	0:01:18
-He had a dream -for a global government...	0:01:18	0:01:20
-..and a league of all religions.	0:01:21	0:01:23
-Yantai lies -on China's eastern coast.	0:01:25	0:01:30
-It's home to 7 million people.	0:01:30	0:01:32
-It's a growing city and part of -the huge changes happening in China.	0:01:32	0:01:37
-The young missionary arrived here -during another period of change.	0:01:37	0:01:42
-His name was Timothy Richard.	0:01:42	0:01:44
-Great Britain and the superpowers -had fought wars...	0:01:45	0:01:48
-..to force China to open -five ports to foreign traders.	0:01:48	0:01:51
-As the economies of the West -were developing more quickly...	0:01:52	0:01:56
-..there was a demand -to open more than five ports.	0:01:56	0:02:00
-Wars continued from the middle -of the 1850s until 1860.	0:02:00	0:02:04
-Following that, -80 ports were opened...	0:02:04	0:02:08
-..not only along the coast -but along the rivers too.	0:02:08	0:02:12
-In reality, from 1860 onwards...	0:02:12	0:02:15
-..China was completely open.	0:02:15	0:02:18
-It made it possible for missionary -societies from the West...	0:02:18	0:02:24
-..to send their people in.	0:02:24	0:02:26
-The ports had only been open for -about 10 years when Timothy arrived.	0:02:26	0:02:30
-It was a huge undertaking...	0:02:31	0:02:32
-..for a young man -from rural Carmarthenshire.	0:02:33	0:02:35
-At the time, people from the West...	0:02:35	0:02:38
-..knew very little -about the people of China.	0:02:38	0:02:41
-Most of the country -was more mysterious than Africa...	0:02:41	0:02:44
-..but he was determined -to travel to North China.	0:02:44	0:02:47
-He believed -the people were civilised.	0:02:47	0:02:50
-Had he not been sent by the Baptist -Society, he said he would have swam!	0:02:50	0:02:54
-Yes, tone is key -in Chinese language.	0:02:56	0:02:59
-One of the first things Timothy -Richard did was learn the language.	0:03:01	0:03:06
-Very few people -speak English here today.	0:03:06	0:03:09
-I'm following his example -by learning a few words.	0:03:09	0:03:13
-In a cafe, in a bookshop, -I ask my translator, Lingyi Chen...	0:03:14	0:03:19
-..what was the most important word - -please?	0:03:19	0:03:23
-Qing.	0:03:24	0:03:25
-Qing. - -Qing. Yes.	0:03:25	0:03:27
-OK. -And then to follow that, thank you.	0:03:27	0:03:30
-Thank you is xiexie.	0:03:30	0:03:32
-Xiexie.	0:03:32	0:03:33
-Xiexie. Falling tone. Xiexie.	0:03:34	0:03:38
-I need to know how to pronounce the -names of the places we're going to.	0:03:38	0:03:42
-This is Yantai.	0:03:43	0:03:44
-This is Yantai. - -This is Yantai.	0:03:44	0:03:45
-And then we're going to...	0:03:46	0:03:49
-..Qingzhou.	0:03:49	0:03:51
-Qingzhou. Qingzhou.	0:03:51	0:03:54
-Shanxi.	0:03:54	0:03:56
-The province. Shanxi.	0:03:56	0:04:00
-Shanxi.	0:04:00	0:04:01
-Shanxi.	0:04:01	0:04:02
-Shanxi. - -Both flat.	0:04:02	0:04:04
-We have another province which is -called Shaanxi. It's very similar.	0:04:05	0:04:10
-You want to make sure -you don't say it wrong.	0:04:10	0:04:13
-The tone makes the difference -between one word and another.	0:04:14	0:04:18
-Luckily, Timothy Richard -wasn't as slow as I was.	0:04:18	0:04:21
-When he visited China, -there were great troubles.	0:04:22	0:04:25
-In Yantai, thousands died -from typhoid and cholera.	0:04:25	0:04:30
-Five missionaries had died -before the Welshman arrived.	0:04:31	0:04:35
-When Timothy reached Yantai, -there were many missionaries here.	0:04:35	0:04:39
-Soon he was the only Baptist.	0:04:39	0:04:41
-At the age of 25, -he took on all the responsibility.	0:04:41	0:04:45
-Soon he realised -how dangerous it was here.	0:04:45	0:04:48
-The French Consul and his wife were -murdered in another part of China...	0:04:49	0:04:53
-..along with 21 nuns.	0:04:53	0:04:55
-Timothy joined the local militia -to prevent the same happening here.	0:04:55	0:05:00
-The rumour spread -that there was to be a rising...	0:05:00	0:05:03
-..against all foreigners -at every port.	0:05:03	0:05:06
-For some days we kept watch...	0:05:07	0:05:08
-..lest the Chinese -should attack the settlement.	0:05:09	0:05:11
-The missionary work started too - -sermons and sharing literature.	0:05:12	0:05:16
-There was some success.	0:05:16	0:05:17
-The first person he turned to Jesus -had taught him an important lesson.	0:05:18	0:05:23
-Timothy Richard asked whether men -were sinners in God's eyes.	0:05:23	0:05:27
-The new Christian answered, -"I don't know about men, but I am."	0:05:27	0:05:31
-Only a few of Yantai's -old streets remain.	0:05:32	0:05:35
-This woman lives -in one of those streets.	0:05:35	0:05:38
-She asked if I was a Christian.	0:05:39	0:05:41
-After retiring from the Army, -she's spent her time...	0:05:41	0:05:45
-..trying to persuade passers-by -to turn to Jesus Christ.	0:05:45	0:05:49
-Raised in the countryside, -she was influenced by missionaries.	0:05:49	0:05:53
-She now follows their example.	0:05:53	0:05:55
-I'd read about the major changes -in China...	0:05:56	0:06:00
-..but you must be here -to appreciate the scale.	0:06:00	0:06:03
-Old towns and cities -have been destroyed...	0:06:03	0:06:06
-..and new cities of skyscrapers -have risen in their place.	0:06:06	0:06:10
-That's what struck me -about Yantai...	0:06:10	0:06:13
-..the difference between the -old town and the new developments.	0:06:13	0:06:17
-It appears that the only people -who live in the old parts...	0:06:17	0:06:20
-..are the workers who move from -the countryside in their millions...	0:06:21	0:06:25
-..to work in the new cities.	0:06:25	0:06:27
-During his first months in China, -Timothy travelled extensively...	0:06:31	0:06:36
-..across the huge province -of Xiandong.	0:06:36	0:06:39
-If he was to become -a successful missionary...	0:06:39	0:06:42
-..he needed to understand -the country and its people.	0:06:42	0:06:45
-The country had remained unchanged -for thousands of years.	0:06:45	0:06:50
-Timothy's life -came under threat more than once.	0:06:51	0:06:54
-On many occasions, people -directed hatred towards him...	0:06:55	0:06:58
-..because he was a foreigner -and a Christian.	0:06:58	0:07:01
-He also experienced kindness.	0:07:01	0:07:03
-He was given refuge against thieves.	0:07:04	0:07:06
-He was given food and accommodation.	0:07:06	0:07:09
-Once, he crossed a wide river, wider -than this, with a strong current.	0:07:09	0:07:13
-The only way to cross -was by walking.	0:07:13	0:07:16
-Local people joined him, -water up to their necks.	0:07:16	0:07:19
-One carried his clothes on his -head, the others guided him safely.	0:07:19	0:07:23
-Without their help, -he would certainly have drowned.	0:07:23	0:07:27
-In his letters and autobiography...	0:07:30	0:07:32
-..Timothy Richard described vividly -the things he saw.	0:07:32	0:07:35
-He described a bed, a kang bed, -which is still used in this country.	0:07:36	0:07:40
-A huge bed -with a rock for a mattress...	0:07:40	0:07:43
-..and room to light a fire under it -to generate heat.	0:07:43	0:07:46
-In one house, -he shared this bed with 38 people.	0:07:47	0:07:51
-One was a woman.	0:07:51	0:07:53
-During the day, -the quilt is folded away.	0:07:53	0:07:56
-The heat goes to the chimney.	0:07:56	0:07:58
-If I was home, -I would make one for you to use.	0:07:58	0:08:03
-Yantai is on a peninsula.	0:08:03	0:08:05
-Timothy Richard spent a lot of his -time travelling on that peninsula.	0:08:05	0:08:10
-When he returned to the city, -he broke new ground.	0:08:11	0:08:14
-He headed inland to Qingzhou -where no missionaries had visited.	0:08:14	0:08:19
-It'll take me two hours -to get there.	0:08:19	0:08:22
-For him, -it was an eight-day journey.	0:08:22	0:08:25
-It was January with snow all around.	0:08:25	0:08:28
-Outside Qingzhou, -the weather deteriorated.	0:08:29	0:08:31
-A snow blizzard covered the land.	0:08:32	0:08:34
-He couldn't see the path underfoot -or the sun above.	0:08:35	0:08:38
-In those days, -the sun was the only compass.	0:08:39	0:08:42
-He found shelter only to hear that -many travellers had frozen to death.	0:08:42	0:08:47
-.	0:08:50	0:08:50
-Subtitles	0:08:55	0:08:55
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:08:55	0:08:57
-Timothy Richard from Ffaldybrenin -in rural Carmarthenshire...	0:08:59	0:09:02
-..travelled to China in 1870 -to work as a missionary.	0:09:03	0:09:06
-Local religions, Tao, Confucius -and Buddhism, were strong.	0:09:06	0:09:09
-The country -had been closed to foreigners.	0:09:10	0:09:12
-The first missionaries -had stayed near the ports.	0:09:13	0:09:16
-After five years in China, -Timothy made an important decision.	0:09:18	0:09:22
-He left the coastal villages...	0:09:22	0:09:24
-..where enough missionaries were -stationed, and headed inland alone.	0:09:25	0:09:29
-He reached the ancient city -of Qingzhou...	0:09:29	0:09:32
-..where he'd heard that people -were searching for the truth.	0:09:32	0:09:36
-His work here would change the way -he looked at his missionary work.	0:09:36	0:09:41
-It also changed the way -he saw the world.	0:09:41	0:09:43
-He encountered problems. -No-one would rent him a house.	0:09:45	0:09:48
-People feared him. He was -the man with a big nose to them.	0:09:48	0:09:52
-Even today, white people in Qingzhou -are a source of curiosity.	0:09:52	0:09:57
-Being in foreign dress, -if I were inside a house...	0:09:58	0:10:01
-..all sorts of onlookers would -have come to the paper windows.	0:10:02	0:10:06
-Each would have wet the tip -of his finger...	0:10:06	0:10:09
-..and made a hole in the paper.	0:10:10	0:10:11
-Every visit to a house would -involve the mending of the window.	0:10:11	0:10:15
-Timothy Richard was determined -to understand the people.	0:10:15	0:10:20
-He realised he'd have -to be on the their wavelength...	0:10:20	0:10:24
-..speak their language, -in words and ideas...	0:10:24	0:10:28
-..and try to look like them too.	0:10:28	0:10:30
-I wondered if I would have more -visitors if I wore Chinese dress.	0:10:31	0:10:36
-One day I put on -the native dress and shaved my head.	0:10:36	0:10:40
-As I walked down the street, I -overheard one man say to another...	0:10:40	0:10:45
-.."Ah, he looks like a man now."	0:10:45	0:10:48
-He was developing -his own way of working...	0:10:48	0:10:51
-..which was starting to bear fruit.	0:10:51	0:10:53
-Outside the ancient city walls...	0:10:53	0:10:55
-..Timothy Richard baptised his first -new Christians in this river...	0:10:56	0:11:01
-..a weaver and his wife.	0:11:01	0:11:03
-He choose a quiet location...	0:11:04	0:11:06
-..in case the strange sight -attracted unwanted attention.	0:11:06	0:11:10
-He visited -a nearby Buddhist temple...	0:11:10	0:11:13
-..told the leader -what he was doing...	0:11:13	0:11:16
-..and used two rooms -to change clothes.	0:11:16	0:11:19
-A Buddhist priest -helping a Christian baptism.	0:11:19	0:11:22
-That set him apart.	0:11:23	0:11:25
-He was ready to turn -to other religious leaders...	0:11:25	0:11:29
-..and speak to them.	0:11:30	0:11:32
-Timothy Richard established -this church in 1875...	0:11:33	0:11:36
-..the first in the city.	0:11:36	0:11:38
-Within three years, -700 people had turned to Jesus...	0:11:38	0:11:41
-..and 1,000 in nearby villages.	0:11:42	0:11:44
-Some women would walk 10 miles -to attend his services...	0:11:44	0:11:48
-..even though their feet -were tightly bound.	0:11:48	0:11:52
-The Welshman wanted more.	0:11:52	0:11:54
-# Amen #	0:11:54	0:11:58
-I urge my hearers that in addition -to the ordinary worship...	0:11:59	0:12:03
-..they should make vows to the way -they propose to serve God.	0:12:04	0:12:08
-He created a list -of everything Christians should do.	0:12:08	0:12:12
-Help the poor, share medicines, care -for widows, orphans and the elderly.	0:12:12	0:12:18
-Visit the sick, help bury the poor.	0:12:18	0:12:21
-After the service, the minister, -Li Jin Feng, showed me a museum...	0:12:23	0:12:27
-..established by the government -for the church of Qingzhou.	0:12:28	0:12:32
-It includes the story of Timothy -Richard, a hero for Christians here.	0:12:32	0:12:37
-Most people who know about Timothy -Richard are Chinese Christians.	0:12:43	0:12:48
-He went through a lot of hardship -when he was in China...	0:12:50	0:12:54
-..trying to spread Christianity.	0:12:54	0:12:56
-As I learn more -about Timothy Richard...	0:12:56	0:12:59
-..I can learn lessons from that.	0:13:00	0:13:02
-250 people attended -this morning's service.	0:13:05	0:13:08
-The service was a lot longer -than services in Wales today.	0:13:08	0:13:12
-The sermon was an hour long.	0:13:12	0:13:14
-What troubled me was that it took -place in a relatively new chapel.	0:13:15	0:13:19
-Many believe that this -was the original chapel...	0:13:19	0:13:23
-..and it was here -during Timothy Richard's time.	0:13:23	0:13:27
-Others think differently.	0:13:27	0:13:29
-They believe the first services -were held in his home.	0:13:29	0:13:33
-Because of everything -that's happened here...	0:13:49	0:13:52
-..since Timothy Richard's time...	0:13:52	0:13:54
-..records and buildings -have been lost.	0:13:54	0:13:57
-This small part of the city -has survived.	0:13:57	0:14:00
-We know that he rented a house -on this street.	0:14:00	0:14:03
-We also know that he held services -in that house and taught people.	0:14:03	0:14:08
-According to some, -on this shabby street...	0:14:08	0:14:10
-..are the origins of the chapel -in Qingzhou.	0:14:11	0:14:13
-The Ffaldybrenin man -was very talented.	0:14:18	0:14:21
-Back in Wales, -he'd done well in school...	0:14:21	0:14:24
-..and taught in local schools -to earn money to fund his education.	0:14:25	0:14:29
-He studied Geography and Science...	0:14:29	0:14:32
-..in addition to the Classics.	0:14:32	0:14:35
-When he was 18 years old, -he beat 59 applicants...	0:14:38	0:14:41
-..to become headmaster -of Ysgol Cynwyl Elfed.	0:14:41	0:14:44
-Three other schools closed as pupils -moved to be taught by him.	0:14:44	0:14:49
-The experience would help in China.	0:14:49	0:14:51
-The societies sent missionaries -to different parts of the world.	0:14:52	0:14:59
-They chose them very carefully.	0:14:59	0:15:02
-They had to be evangelical -but they needed other attributes...	0:15:02	0:15:06
-..abilities relating to medicine, -social improvement and education.	0:15:07	0:15:12
-Many of them were teachers.	0:15:13	0:15:15
-They had different skills.	0:15:15	0:15:18
-They develop those skills and -under particular circumstances...	0:15:18	0:15:23
-..the evangelical work -was less evident...	0:15:23	0:15:27
-..than the other work they did.	0:15:27	0:15:30
-Timothy Richard understood -that he had to show people...	0:15:30	0:15:34
-..that Christianity would help them.	0:15:35	0:15:38
-Through modern medicine for example.	0:15:38	0:15:40
-I had a good supply of quinine -and gave it out freely.	0:15:41	0:15:44
-To the people around, it seemed -nothing short of miraculous.	0:15:45	0:15:49
-It's strange to see -a photo of a Ffaldybrenin man...	0:15:50	0:15:52
-..in a Chinese medical school.	0:15:53	0:15:54
-Timothy Richard is remembered here.	0:15:55	0:15:58
-He used new medicines from the West -to cure people.	0:15:58	0:16:02
-He discussed new ideas about health.	0:16:02	0:16:05
-During his time in Qingzhou...	0:16:05	0:16:07
-..he also undertook humanitarian -and educational work.	0:16:07	0:16:11
-They trace modern and medical -education in this city...	0:16:11	0:16:15
-..back to his time.	0:16:15	0:16:16
-13,000 students -attend this medical college.	0:16:18	0:16:21
-It teaches Western medicine -and some traditional medicine too.	0:16:22	0:16:26
-Even today, it's important.	0:16:26	0:16:28
-Timothy Richard understood the power -of the traditional religions.	0:16:28	0:16:33
-He realised that they were part -of every aspect of life...	0:16:33	0:16:37
-..especially the religion -of Confucius.	0:16:37	0:16:40
-When we talk about religion, -or credo in China...	0:16:40	0:16:43
-..you can't avoid Confucius.	0:16:43	0:16:45
-Confucius' values -are an integral part...	0:16:45	0:16:48
-..of the way -the country has been ruled...	0:16:49	0:16:53
-..the reason why people -are so obedient...	0:16:53	0:16:56
-..and how the legal system works.	0:16:56	0:16:58
-Confucius has been a thread -running through China's history...	0:16:59	0:17:03
-..for years, -and continues to do so today.	0:17:04	0:17:07
-The mindset was different -and the Welsh missionary realised...	0:17:09	0:17:13
-..that ideas such as salvation -didn't make sense to China's people.	0:17:14	0:17:18
-He stopped using such words.	0:17:18	0:17:19
-Timothy Richard -regularly visited places like this.	0:17:21	0:17:25
-This is a reconstructed temple -of the Tao religion.	0:17:25	0:17:29
-It's on the site of another temple -that was here during his time.	0:17:29	0:17:33
-He would speak to the leaders -to understand their religion...	0:17:33	0:17:37
-..and spoke the same -spiritual language as them.	0:17:38	0:17:41
-He soon realised -that certain virtues...	0:17:41	0:17:44
-..belonged to the people -searching for the truth...	0:17:44	0:17:47
-..and to their religion too.	0:17:47	0:17:49
-His interest -in local religions grew.	0:17:50	0:17:54
-He translated Christian literature -into Chinese...	0:17:54	0:17:58
-..and translated Chinese books into -English which didn't please some.	0:17:58	0:18:04
-Timothy Richard -was ploughing his own furrow...	0:18:04	0:18:07
-..in a country full of challenges.	0:18:07	0:18:09
-One of the greatest challenges -that China faced after 1860...	0:18:09	0:18:15
-..was their dire economic problems.	0:18:17	0:18:21
-The population -had doubled in size...	0:18:22	0:18:25
-..between the middle -of the 18th and 19th centuries.	0:18:25	0:18:29
-You have a problem there.	0:18:29	0:18:32
-You must feed a population -that's growing rapidly.	0:18:33	0:18:36
-Then, disaster.	0:18:38	0:18:39
-The consequences of wars, -dry summers, failed harvests...	0:18:39	0:18:43
-..and a country -where it was difficult...	0:18:43	0:18:46
-..to move things -from place to place...	0:18:46	0:18:49
-..led to the Great Famine of 1876, -one of the worst in history.	0:18:49	0:18:53
-Timothy Richard described -some of the conditions.	0:18:53	0:18:57
-People demolished their houses -to sell the timber to buy food.	0:18:57	0:19:01
-People removed their roofs, mixed -the material with grass seeds...	0:19:01	0:19:05
-..and boiled it to make food.	0:19:05	0:19:07
-Without homes, they dug holes -in the ground to keep warm.	0:19:07	0:19:11
-Up to 50 people lived in one hole.	0:19:11	0:19:13
-In the middle of the famine, -a sight such as this was rare.	0:19:14	0:19:18
-A tree covered in bark.	0:19:18	0:19:20
-People removed the bark -and turned it into food.	0:19:21	0:19:24
-Timothy Richard -witnessed horrific scenes.	0:19:25	0:19:28
-Bodies left at the side of the road -being eaten by animals.	0:19:28	0:19:32
-Girls being sold to men -from the East...	0:19:32	0:19:35
-..to ease the pressure -on their families.	0:19:35	0:19:38
-Some girls begged to be taken -to places where food was available.	0:19:38	0:19:42
-Timothy Richard -worked hard throughout.	0:19:44	0:19:47
-He travelled around to help and -collected money through his work.	0:19:47	0:19:52
-His famine work was an early -predecessor of an emergency appeal.	0:19:57	0:20:02
-Timothy Richard opened a home -for 100 orphaned boys...	0:20:02	0:20:05
-..who'd lost their parents -in the famine.	0:20:06	0:20:08
-He asked for money to open more.	0:20:09	0:20:11
-Four dollars would keep one boy -for three months.	0:20:11	0:20:15
-He also asked for money -to buy equipment...	0:20:15	0:20:18
-..to help them learn a skill, -similar to modern appeals.	0:20:18	0:20:22
-He raised enough money to open -five homes to house 500 boys.	0:20:23	0:20:27
-By 1877, Timothy Richard -had been in China for seven years.	0:20:33	0:20:38
-In his two years in Qingzhou...	0:20:39	0:20:40
-..he realised he had to understand -China's culture and religion...	0:20:41	0:20:45
-..if he wanted to reach the people.	0:20:45	0:20:48
-For months, he'd helped fight -the awful famine.	0:20:51	0:20:55
-His missionary work -had been effective.	0:20:55	0:20:58
-He'd raised money -and arranged to use the resources.	0:20:58	0:21:02
-Then news broke that the famine -was even worse...	0:21:02	0:21:05
-..in the neighbouring -Shanxi province.	0:21:06	0:21:08
-He was invited to undertake -similar work there.	0:21:08	0:21:12
-It meant a journey of three weeks.	0:21:12	0:21:15
-It was November -and the winter was harsh.	0:21:15	0:21:18
-He set off for Shanxi's main town -with two Christians to help him.	0:21:22	0:21:26
-On the way, they saw bodies -ravaged by wild animals.	0:21:27	0:21:32
-It was difficult for the Welshman.	0:21:32	0:21:34
-It was even more difficult -for the locals.	0:21:34	0:21:37
-Seeing how this affected the two -Christians, Timothy sent them home.	0:21:37	0:21:42
-He continued to his new home alone.	0:21:42	0:21:44
-.	0:21:44	0:21:44
-Subtitles	0:21:49	0:21:49
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:21:49	0:21:51
-Timothy Richard's base in Shanxi -was Taiyuan...	0:21:55	0:21:59
-..which is now a city -of four and a half million people.	0:21:59	0:22:03
-It's a city transformed completely -over the past 20 years.	0:22:03	0:22:07
-It was also an important town -during Timothy's time...	0:22:07	0:22:11
-..the home -of the province's government.	0:22:12	0:22:14
-The government -was trying to overcome the famine.	0:22:15	0:22:18
-Timothy Richard -worked with the government...	0:22:18	0:22:21
-..and organised -an international campaign with them.	0:22:21	0:22:24
-American Andrew Kaiser works for -a missionary charity in Taiyuan.	0:22:26	0:22:32
-He's also researched the work -of Timothy Richard.	0:22:32	0:22:35
-The Shanxi famine itself -was very dramatic.	0:22:36	0:22:40
-Something like a third of the -population of Shanxi province...	0:22:40	0:22:44
-..perished or was removed -from the province...	0:22:45	0:22:48
-..in space of two years or so.	0:22:48	0:22:50
-Tremendous levels of devastation.	0:22:50	0:22:52
-Timothy Richard was key -to the foreign relief effort.	0:22:52	0:22:56
-He was called to Shanxi...	0:22:58	0:23:00
-..because of his experience -in the neighbouring province.	0:23:00	0:23:04
-He gathered together -a team of 12 missionaries...	0:23:05	0:23:08
-..from different religions...	0:23:08	0:23:11
-..and set about trying to reduce -the effect of the famine.	0:23:11	0:23:15
-Timothy Richard -travelled around Shanxi...	0:23:16	0:23:19
-..to evaluate the effects -of the famine.	0:23:20	0:23:23
-The ground in this area is powdery.	0:23:23	0:23:25
-Soil was mixed with grain -to produce food...	0:23:26	0:23:28
-..but people died after eating it.	0:23:29	0:23:31
-There was worse to come...	0:23:31	0:23:33
-..stories that are difficult -to recount even today.	0:23:33	0:23:36
-A boy killed and ate his mother.	0:23:37	0:23:39
-Parents exchanged their babies...	0:23:39	0:23:41
-..because they couldn't face -eating their own children.	0:23:41	0:23:45
-At one point, Timothy Richard -believed he was going insane.	0:23:45	0:23:49
-He distributed money and food -in the province...	0:23:52	0:23:55
-..and witnessed the devastation.	0:23:55	0:23:58
-In one area, 100,000 people lived.	0:23:58	0:24:01
-200,000 people lived there -before the famine.	0:24:01	0:24:04
-There was a gateway -to almost every town.	0:24:07	0:24:09
-Outside one, Timothy Richard -saw his most gruesome sight.	0:24:10	0:24:14
-On one side, -a large pile of male bodies.	0:24:14	0:24:17
-On the other, female bodies.	0:24:17	0:24:19
-They were all piled up -like pigs in an abattoir.	0:24:19	0:24:22
-By collecting evidence like that...	0:24:23	0:24:25
-..he soon realised -the enormity of the problem.	0:24:25	0:24:28
-He had evidence in his diaries -to send to Shanghai and London...	0:24:28	0:24:33
-..to kick-start -the fundraising campaign.	0:24:33	0:24:36
-This was really -the first instance...	0:24:36	0:24:39
-..of an international Christian -relief effort taking place.	0:24:39	0:24:43
-Timothy's letters and telegrams -were published in newspapers.	0:24:43	0:24:48
-The result was churches -donated funds.	0:24:48	0:24:51
-Chunks of silver that he brought...	0:24:52	0:24:54
-..and he carved up -into little pieces...	0:24:54	0:24:57
-..and put into the hands -of people facing starvation.	0:24:57	0:25:01
-Farmers in Shanxi province -grow all kinds of crops today.	0:25:03	0:25:07
-In 1879, with little rain, -the harvest failed again.	0:25:07	0:25:11
-This experience made Timothy Richard -look further than missionary work.	0:25:11	0:25:17
-For now, the work of helping others -was endless.	0:25:19	0:25:23
-I can't wait for a time -when it is all over...	0:25:25	0:25:28
-..and people can once again -enjoy their daily bread.	0:25:28	0:25:32
-In the end, his hopes were realised. -The weather changed.	0:25:32	0:25:36
-Rain has finally fallen on this -place, throughout the province.	0:25:38	0:25:43
-Tiredness and grief -have been replaced by joy.	0:25:43	0:25:47
-The province's government had done -its best to overcome the famine...	0:25:49	0:25:53
-..but Timothy Richard's contribution -was equally important.	0:25:53	0:25:57
-In two years, -he distributed almost 65,000...	0:25:57	0:26:00
-..a staggering sum at that time.	0:26:01	0:26:03
-Yet, around 15-20m people died -during the Great Famine in China.	0:26:03	0:26:08
-As a result, the course -of Timothy Richard's life changed.	0:26:09	0:26:13
-Developing China, -from railways to education...	0:26:13	0:26:16
-..became part of his mission.	0:26:17	0:26:19
-For Timothy, the solution to famine -was improved farming methods...	0:26:19	0:26:24
-..using scientific methods -and improving food distribution.	0:26:24	0:26:29
-He was eager to develop -the railways.	0:26:29	0:26:31
-During the famine, some areas -had plenty, some had nothing.	0:26:31	0:26:35
-There was no way -of transporting the food...	0:26:36	0:26:39
-..but authorities feared that -this would attract foreigners...	0:26:39	0:26:43
-..and change their way of life.	0:26:44	0:26:45
-Timothy Richard's life -changed in another way.	0:26:47	0:26:50
-You'll be glad to hear that I have -been blessed with a wonderful wife.	0:26:52	0:26:57
-She's a remarkably good singer. -I have never met anyone better.	0:26:57	0:27:02
-She is angelic, -good and hardworking.	0:27:02	0:27:04
-In short, an incomparable help.	0:27:05	0:27:07
-His wife, a Scot named Mary...	0:27:07	0:27:11
-..had already shown that she had -a great contribution to make.	0:27:11	0:27:16
-While I was away, -Mary cared for 30 orphans...	0:27:16	0:27:19
-..and taught them to read and sing.	0:27:19	0:27:21
-On my return, I was surprised -to hear them sing beautifully.	0:27:21	0:27:26
-Because of this work, there was much -goodwill towards the missionaries.	0:27:30	0:27:35
-Christianity became established -in Shanxi.	0:27:35	0:27:39
-Modern developments were a sign -of Christianity's value.	0:27:39	0:27:43
-Science was God's gift -and it should be used.	0:27:44	0:27:46
-For him, after the famine, the work -of God and development was one.	0:27:47	0:27:51
-There was some money left over -after the famine campaign.	0:27:55	0:27:58
-Timothy Richard used the money -to build a chapel in Taiyuan.	0:27:59	0:28:03
-It was the first Christian chapel -in Shanxi province.	0:28:03	0:28:08
-Today, there is a large, -modern chapel here...	0:28:09	0:28:12
-..following the Communist -persecution era.	0:28:12	0:28:16
-400 people are baptised here -each year.	0:28:16	0:28:20
-The mission in Shanxi -grew after the famine...	0:28:20	0:28:25
-..with 12 people working for it, -caring for more than 800 orphans...	0:28:25	0:28:30
-..and more than 300 widows.	0:28:30	0:28:32
-Mary Richard and the widows -led the care work...	0:28:32	0:28:35
-..a central part of the mission.	0:28:36	0:28:38
-Timothy Richard had emphasised -the need for modern medicine...	0:28:39	0:28:44
-..to replace superstition -and old wives' tales.	0:28:44	0:28:47
-Medical missionaries -were an important part of the work.	0:28:47	0:28:51
-It led to the development -of a hospital in Taiyuan...	0:28:52	0:28:56
-..soon after -Timothy Richard departed.	0:28:57	0:29:00
-Mary was prominent in childcare -and patient care throughout.	0:29:00	0:29:04
-She also translated Biblical works -into Chinese.	0:29:05	0:29:09
-She helped her husband -write Christian texts.	0:29:09	0:29:12
-She had a greater grasp -of written Chinese than him.	0:29:12	0:29:16
-The famine -was a turning point for China.	0:29:17	0:29:20
-Great changes are happening there -right now too.	0:29:20	0:29:23
-As is the case now, and was then...	0:29:23	0:29:25
-..there is conflict -between the old and new.	0:29:26	0:29:28
-The development work -is phenomenal...	0:29:30	0:29:33
-..in Taiyuan -and dozens of other cities.	0:29:33	0:29:36
-Sometimes local people -can become stubborn.	0:29:36	0:29:40
-The blue boxes are a sign of that.	0:29:41	0:29:43
-These houses are destined -for destruction.	0:29:43	0:29:45
-Their owners -are negotiating compensation.	0:29:46	0:29:48
-The taller the house, -the greater the compensation.	0:29:49	0:29:52
-A blue box and an additional floor - -more compensation.	0:29:52	0:29:55
-The authorities -push for change today.	0:29:58	0:30:00
-Timothy's problem was convincing -the authorities to change.	0:30:01	0:30:05
-He decided to influence the minds -of those in power.	0:30:05	0:30:09
-This is why a statue of him -was built in a Taiyuan university.	0:30:09	0:30:13
-One group of people Timothy tried -to influence were the scholars.	0:30:13	0:30:18
-Another was the government's -high officials.	0:30:18	0:30:21
-While in Taiyuan, -he tried to change their mindset.	0:30:22	0:30:26
-He spent a thousand pounds, -a lot of money at the time...	0:30:26	0:30:30
-..on scientific equipment -and imported it to China.	0:30:30	0:30:33
-He held monthly lectures -on topics such as oxygen...	0:30:34	0:30:37
-..and the value of the dynamo -for generating electricity.	0:30:37	0:30:41
-He also organised exhibitions -on how electromagnets worked.	0:30:42	0:30:46
-Hundreds listened to him.	0:30:46	0:30:48
-Timothy Richard -was trying to show them...	0:30:48	0:30:51
-..that nature's rules were at work -to help man.	0:30:51	0:30:54
-Who was behind nature's rules, -according to him? God.	0:30:54	0:30:58
-I maintain that the study of science -ought to be held...	0:31:00	0:31:03
-..in as much reverence as religion, -for it deals with the laws of God.	0:31:04	0:31:08
-In the lecture on electricity...	0:31:10	0:31:12
-..I gave experiments -showing transmission of energy.	0:31:12	0:31:16
-By using the Wimshurst machine -and an induction coil combined...	0:31:16	0:31:20
-..I was able to send at least -30,000 volts through my body.	0:31:21	0:31:25
-He was open-minded about science -and his attitude...	0:31:26	0:31:31
-..towards local religious leaders.	0:31:31	0:31:34
-He saw a piety there -that was very familiar to him.	0:31:34	0:31:37
-It looked similar -to the kinds of things he'd seen...	0:31:37	0:31:40
-..in the churches -that he'd preached in back in Wales.	0:31:41	0:31:44
-Timothy Richard believed that there -were truths in the native religions.	0:31:46	0:31:51
-Christianity would bring -the pieces together.	0:31:51	0:31:55
-For him, the mission's work was -to attract locals to Christianity...	0:31:55	0:31:59
-..by adding -to some of their principles.	0:32:00	0:32:02
-He stated that not everything -beyond Christianity...	0:32:02	0:32:06
-..was the work of the Devil.	0:32:06	0:32:08
-Christianity was something -additional, not a substitute.	0:32:09	0:32:13
-He was accepted by the locals -and they gave him a native name.	0:32:13	0:32:18
-Li Ti Mo Tai - -the man who cannot be stopped.	0:32:18	0:32:21
-Calligrapher Professor Li -prints out the name today.	0:32:22	0:32:26
-Not everyone -was happy with the Welshman.	0:32:29	0:32:32
-During a return home -towards the end of the 1880s...	0:32:32	0:32:36
-..a new generation of Baptist -missionaries reached Taiyuan.	0:32:36	0:32:40
-They claimed that Timothy -was an operator, not an evangelist.	0:32:40	0:32:44
-He talked about welfare -and not sin...	0:32:44	0:32:47
-..and was too close -to other religions.	0:32:47	0:32:50
-To avoid conflict, -Timothy decided to leave.	0:32:50	0:32:53
-After almost 20 years -as a missionary...	0:32:56	0:32:58
-..Timothy Richard was ready -for new surroundings and a new life.	0:32:59	0:33:03
-He'd fought famine.	0:33:03	0:33:05
-He'd realised the importance -of a country's culture.	0:33:05	0:33:09
-He was convinced he had to change -the mindset of China's leaders.	0:33:09	0:33:14
-It all led in one direction.	0:33:14	0:33:16
-The next step for him was to try -and influence the whole of China.	0:33:16	0:33:21
-By 1891, it was evident...	0:33:33	0:33:36
-..that Timothy's career as -a traditional missionary was over.	0:33:36	0:33:40
-This suited him.	0:33:41	0:33:42
-He was glad of the opportunity -to visit Shanghai...	0:33:43	0:33:46
-..to accept responsibility -for a society...	0:33:46	0:33:49
-..that spread Christian knowledge -through books and pamphlets.	0:33:49	0:33:54
-According to Timothy...	0:33:54	0:33:56
-..that was the way to reach -thousands of society leaders...	0:33:56	0:34:00
-..and through them, -influence others.	0:34:00	0:34:02
-He recognised that very few -missionaries saw the importance...	0:34:03	0:34:08
-..or had the skillset -to engage with official China.	0:34:08	0:34:12
-He made a choice to leave aside the -more traditional missionary work...	0:34:12	0:34:17
-..to do this other work, that -few were willing or able to do.	0:34:17	0:34:21
-His work was publishing pamphlets, -books and religious texts...	0:34:21	0:34:26
-..and edit two newspapers...	0:34:26	0:34:28
-..one for missionaries -and the other, more secular.	0:34:28	0:34:32
-He wanted to open the eyes -of Chinese leaders...	0:34:32	0:34:35
-..to the Western world's -more progressive ideas.	0:34:35	0:34:38
-Timothy Richard put the Christian -literature society on its feet...	0:34:38	0:34:44
-..but the building I visited -is a more recent development.	0:34:44	0:34:49
-The original building -has disappeared...	0:34:49	0:34:52
-..along with many -of Shanghai's traditional buildings.	0:34:52	0:34:56
-It was here somewhere. This is -Shanghai's former commercial centre.	0:34:56	0:35:02
-What he saw around him inspired him.	0:35:04	0:35:07
-The terrible poverty -of the people of Shanghai.	0:35:07	0:35:11
-For him, -development was the way forward.	0:35:11	0:35:14
-By 1895, he was influential.	0:35:15	0:35:17
-He became special advisor -to the Prime Minister.	0:35:17	0:35:20
-He once visited Timothy's home -for a meeting...	0:35:21	0:35:24
-..something completely unusual.	0:35:24	0:35:26
-International peace became more and -more important to Timothy Richard.	0:35:27	0:35:31
-In 1900, he visited America...	0:35:31	0:35:33
-..to argue for the establishment of -an international peace congress.	0:35:34	0:35:39
-He was also made advisor -to the Emperor of China...	0:35:39	0:35:42
-..a young man trying to escape -the shadow of his powerful mother.	0:35:43	0:35:46
-It was an exciting step -but this was a dangerous world.	0:35:47	0:35:51
-.	0:35:51	0:35:51
-Subtitles	0:35:56	0:35:56
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:35:56	0:35:58
-Shanghai is one -of China's most cosmopolitan cities.	0:35:58	0:36:02
-It's a gateway -for many foreign businesses.	0:36:02	0:36:05
-The same was true 150 years ago.	0:36:05	0:36:07
-This was one of the first ports...	0:36:07	0:36:09
-..that was forced open -by Western countries.	0:36:10	0:36:13
-Back then, side by side with -banking and property businesses...	0:36:13	0:36:17
-..there were clusters -of missionary societies.	0:36:17	0:36:20
-For Timothy Richard, -it was an influential centre.	0:36:21	0:36:24
-Rhys Evans from Pontrhydygroes -is a Shanghai businessman.	0:36:26	0:36:30
-Local people -were wary of white men back then.	0:36:32	0:36:35
-Have attitudes changed?	0:36:35	0:36:38
-It depends which city you're in.	0:36:38	0:36:40
-Shanghai is a cosmopolitan city -today.	0:36:40	0:36:43
-It's heavily influenced -by the Western world.	0:36:43	0:36:46
-It's not a problem in Shanghai.	0:36:46	0:36:48
-If you visited cities -in Western or Central China...	0:36:48	0:36:52
-..natives would be shocked -to see a Westerner.	0:36:52	0:36:55
-When I first came out here -in 2008...	0:36:55	0:36:58
-..China was becoming -far more prominent...	0:36:59	0:37:02
-..in terms of the global economy.	0:37:02	0:37:04
-I had the opportunity -to come out here.	0:37:05	0:37:07
-Gradually, -it became more exciting for me.	0:37:07	0:37:10
-What's happened over the past decade -has been an industrial revolution.	0:37:12	0:37:16
-Being here during that time -has been an interesting experience.	0:37:17	0:37:21
-If you're willing -to work hard to get ahead...	0:37:21	0:37:24
-..there's an opportunity -to carve out a successful career.	0:37:24	0:37:28
-There are cities -I've visited in the past...	0:37:28	0:37:32
-..if you'd visited them -five years ago...	0:37:32	0:37:35
-..there were no new buildings, -offices or shopping centres.	0:37:35	0:37:40
-Within three or four years, -the cities have been transformed.	0:37:40	0:37:44
-They look more like American cities.	0:37:45	0:37:48
-In terms of the system...	0:37:55	0:37:57
-..it's still a Communist government.	0:37:58	0:38:00
-In terms of behavioural patterns and -people's attitude to making money...	0:38:01	0:38:06
-..I'd say it was far -from being Communist.	0:38:06	0:38:10
-If you look at Shanghai...	0:38:11	0:38:12
-..income levels are similar -to some European countries.	0:38:13	0:38:17
-If you visited Central China, you'd -encounter poorer cities and towns.	0:38:17	0:38:24
-There's a gap -between the rich and the poor.	0:38:24	0:38:28
-What is life like -for a young man from Ceredigion?	0:38:28	0:38:32
-Very different to Pontrhydygroes!	0:38:33	0:38:35
-What about the nightlife?	0:38:36	0:38:40
-How lively is it?	0:38:40	0:38:41
-How lively is it? - -Lively!	0:38:41	0:38:43
-Modernisation wasn't so easy -in Timothy Richard's day.	0:38:48	0:38:52
-Timothy and the young Emperor -wanted change.	0:38:52	0:38:56
-Others, such as the Empress dowager, -vehemently opposed it.	0:38:56	0:39:00
-Timothy's letters warned...	0:39:00	0:39:02
-..that Chinese attitudes -were turning against foreigners.	0:39:03	0:39:07
-During the summer of 1900...	0:39:10	0:39:12
-..the Empress dowager acted -and usurped her son.	0:39:12	0:39:16
-Many local people stood up -to oppose change.	0:39:17	0:39:21
-We must be careful not be seen -filming openly here.	0:39:24	0:39:27
-Behind me is -the province government's building.	0:39:27	0:39:31
-This is also one -of the most sensitive locations...	0:39:31	0:39:34
-..in the history -of Chinese Christianity.	0:39:35	0:39:37
-In 1900, -it was the home of the governor.	0:39:38	0:39:40
-39 missionaries and their families -were murdered here.	0:39:40	0:39:45
-That was part -of the Boxer Rebellion...	0:39:45	0:39:50
-..when a civil uprising -by the common people...	0:39:50	0:39:53
-..turned into the hatred -of foreigners and Christians.	0:39:54	0:39:58
-The uprising was derived -from deep conservatism...	0:40:00	0:40:03
-..and a fear of Western influences, -especially religious influences.	0:40:04	0:40:09
-The rebellion lasted -only a few weeks...	0:40:09	0:40:12
-..but there were many fatalities.	0:40:12	0:40:14
-The missionaries -of Shanxi province were killed...	0:40:15	0:40:19
-..along with thousands -of Christians across China.	0:40:19	0:40:22
-Timothy Richard -wasn't here at the time...	0:40:22	0:40:25
-..but it was -a turning point for him.	0:40:25	0:40:27
-After the Boxer Rebellion, -Shanxi was devastated.	0:40:29	0:40:32
-What would Western countries do now?	0:40:32	0:40:35
-How would they deal with -the massacre without more bloodshed?	0:40:35	0:40:40
-Shanxi government officials -remembered Timothy Richard...	0:40:41	0:40:45
-..from his work during the famine -and his concern for the province...	0:40:45	0:40:49
-..and asked to help -work out a settlement.	0:40:49	0:40:52
-A photograph of Timothy Richard.	0:40:56	0:40:58
-This was the result -of his negotiations...	0:40:58	0:41:01
-..after the Boxer Rebellion.	0:41:01	0:41:03
-He was invited to discuss -compensation in Shanxi.	0:41:03	0:41:07
-He didn't ask -for retribution or punishment.	0:41:07	0:41:10
-He asked for money -to establish a university...	0:41:10	0:41:13
-..offering Western education -in Chinese.	0:41:13	0:41:16
-He believed -that the Boxer Rebellion happened...	0:41:19	0:41:22
-..because of poverty, -superstition and misinformation.	0:41:22	0:41:26
-For him, education was key to making -sure it wouldn't happen again.	0:41:26	0:41:31
-He ensured that good teachers...	0:41:32	0:41:34
-..taught Law, Medicine, -Mathematics and Science.	0:41:34	0:41:38
-It is acknowledged -that this was the beginning...	0:41:38	0:41:41
-..of this kind of education, -in Shanxi and across China.	0:41:41	0:41:45
-Timothy was the first chancellor -of the university's Western branch.	0:41:47	0:41:51
-After 10 years, he transferred his -responsibilities to local people.	0:41:51	0:41:56
-In 1906, there were 339 students.	0:41:56	0:41:59
-By 1908, there were 2,000.	0:41:59	0:42:01
-Each one would welcome -Timothy Richard during his visits.	0:42:02	0:42:06
-The original building -is now a secondary school.	0:42:09	0:42:12
-The university has grown and moved -to the other side of the city.	0:42:12	0:42:16
-The Welshman -is also remembered here...	0:42:16	0:42:20
-..as part of the university museum's -hall of fame.	0:42:20	0:42:24
-He is remembered here, -in a special tea room...	0:42:25	0:42:28
-..where I met calligrapher -and artist, Professor Li.	0:42:28	0:42:32
-He's a lecturer in Chinese Studies.	0:42:33	0:42:35
-He has extensive knowledge -of Timothy Richard's life.	0:42:35	0:42:39
-Professor Li thanked me -for following the history...	0:42:40	0:42:43
-..of one -of their educational founders.	0:42:43	0:42:46
-I'd heard about the Timothy Richard -cafe in Shanxi University.	0:42:46	0:42:52
-This exceeds my expectations.	0:42:52	0:42:55
-It's not just a cafe, -it's such a pleasant space.	0:42:55	0:42:58
-He would have loved being here.	0:42:58	0:43:00
-There are places to study, -read, converse and drink tea.	0:43:00	0:43:04
-The walls are adorned -with photos of him and Ffaldybrenin.	0:43:05	0:43:09
-There's a copy of one of the most -important books he translated.	0:43:09	0:43:13
-His picture is on the serviettes. -Even the coffee is a tribute to him.	0:43:13	0:43:18
-Throughout Timothy Richard's time -in China...	0:43:22	0:43:25
-..there were many changes -in attitudes towards foreigners.	0:43:25	0:43:28
-Sometimes a welcome, -sometimes hatred.	0:43:29	0:43:32
-The same is still true today.	0:43:32	0:43:34
-No-one is willing -to discuss it here...	0:43:34	0:43:37
-..but after a rather open era, life -is becoming more restricted again.	0:43:37	0:43:41
-Charitable societies are leaving.	0:43:42	0:43:44
-It's becoming more difficult for -international companies to move in.	0:43:44	0:43:48
-In Timothy Richard's time, -fear and weakness was the cause.	0:43:48	0:43:52
-Now, it's strength.	0:43:52	0:43:54
-China wants to deal with the world -on its own terms.	0:43:54	0:43:57
-In the middle of China's story -is a personal story.	0:44:00	0:44:03
-By the time the university opened, -Mary had died of cancer.	0:44:04	0:44:07
-She had been a teacher, an editor...	0:44:07	0:44:10
-..a translator -and head of a children's home.	0:44:10	0:44:13
-She'd supported Timothy Richard -and raised their four daughters.	0:44:13	0:44:17
-The greater story continued, -and in some ways, it continues.	0:44:20	0:44:24
-China grew at the beginning -of the 20th century.	0:44:24	0:44:28
-Then came Communism and a mixture -of growth and conservatism.	0:44:28	0:44:32
-In the past 20 years, there has -been major growth in commerce.	0:44:32	0:44:37
-Richard wanted to develop China -spiritually and materialistically.	0:44:38	0:44:43
-The latter is a major focus -for leaders today.	0:44:43	0:44:47
-Words and pictures can't begin -to describe the rate of change.	0:44:47	0:44:51
-The government wants to increase -the standard of living.	0:44:51	0:44:55
-The price to pay is a government -that controls everything...	0:44:55	0:44:59
-..hard borders and no -political freedom or opposition.	0:44:59	0:45:02
-Can that kind of deal -be sustained...	0:45:02	0:45:05
-..as people search for more freedom -and the memory of poverty decreases?	0:45:06	0:45:11
-Timothy Richard -would recognise and approve...	0:45:15	0:45:18
-..much of what he would have seen -after 1912.	0:45:19	0:45:22
-Modernisation, industrialisation...	0:45:22	0:45:25
-..the growth of education, -women's rights.	0:45:26	0:45:28
-Looking at China today, he wouldn't -recognise the country at all.	0:45:29	0:45:33
-He wouldn't have been able -to reconcile...	0:45:34	0:45:38
-..the China he'd lived in with the -urbanisation of the past 50 years...	0:45:38	0:45:43
-..nor the great migration -that's happened...	0:45:43	0:45:47
-..from rural areas -into cities such as Shanghai.	0:45:48	0:45:52
-He certainly wouldn't recognise -Shanghai if he visited today.	0:45:52	0:45:58
-24 million people -live in the city now.	0:45:58	0:46:02
-Very little of the Shanghai -he recognised still exists.	0:46:02	0:46:06
-I don't think this was -Timothy Richard's aim...	0:46:11	0:46:14
-..when he spoke -about increasing Western influence.	0:46:14	0:46:17
-He opposed the rich -grabbing land and property.	0:46:17	0:46:22
-There is huge growth and change -in China right now.	0:46:22	0:46:25
-All these buildings have been built -over the past 30 years.	0:46:26	0:46:31
-Small businesses are being forced -to leave their premises...	0:46:31	0:46:35
-..and move to larger centres.	0:46:35	0:46:38
-According to the people, cities like -Shanghai are losing their character.	0:46:38	0:46:42
-Timothy Richard died in 1916...	0:46:43	0:46:46
-..whilst on a visit to London.	0:46:47	0:46:49
-He was buried there -but he is remembered here...	0:46:49	0:46:52
-..for trying to create -Chinese Christianity...	0:46:52	0:46:55
-..and pioneering -the battle against famine.	0:46:56	0:46:58
-He received some of -China's greatest honours...	0:46:59	0:47:01
-..including -the Order of the Double Dragon.	0:47:02	0:47:04
-In Shanxi University and many -other places, they remember him.	0:47:05	0:47:09
-A man given the opportunity -to retaliate...	0:47:09	0:47:12
-..but built a university instead.	0:47:12	0:47:14
-It became the foundation -of an educational system.	0:47:14	0:47:18
-Richard's story raises questions -about missionary work...	0:47:18	0:47:22
-..and the right of one culture -to change another culture.	0:47:22	0:47:26
-It's also evident that his aims -were two-fold.	0:47:27	0:47:30
-God and China.	0:47:30	0:47:32
-He wanted to see China succeed, -he didn't want it to be conquered.	0:47:32	0:47:37
-The way he succeeded -in understanding its culture...	0:47:37	0:47:41
-..is an example to us today.	0:47:41	0:47:43
-He dreamt of a conference of nations -and a league of religions.	0:47:43	0:47:47
-A romantic notion? Yes.	0:47:48	0:47:49
-But just imagine if he'd succeeded.	0:47:50	0:47:52
-S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.	0:48:20	0:48:22
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