Pennod 1 Her yr Hinsawdd
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-I'm Siwan Davies, -I'm a professor... | 0:00:03 | 0:00:05 | |
-..in the Geography Department -here at Swansea University. | 0:00:06 | 0:00:10 | |
-Students study how the earth works -and also research how its climate... | 0:00:10 | 0:00:15 | |
-..has changed in the distant past. | 0:00:15 | 0:00:19 | |
-These were all natural changes. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:22 | |
-Nowadays, we see -a very different climate change... | 0:00:22 | 0:00:26 | |
-..from the pattern -we'd expect to find. | 0:00:26 | 0:00:29 | |
-I'm leaving my laboratory -and travelling to two countries... | 0:00:30 | 0:00:34 | |
-..where natives are already facing -the climate challenge. | 0:00:34 | 0:00:39 | |
-I began my journey in Greenland... | 0:00:45 | 0:00:47 | |
-..where the ice is melting -faster than ever before. | 0:00:47 | 0:00:53 | |
-Seeing this happen with my own eyes -was a frightening experience. | 0:00:53 | 0:00:58 | |
-I'd like to bring all my students -here to see the ice up close. | 0:00:59 | 0:01:04 | |
-But as the ice melts, -the level of the sea rises... | 0:01:05 | 0:01:08 | |
-..on the other side of the world. | 0:01:08 | 0:01:11 | |
-I went to the Maldives, -where natives are battling... | 0:01:11 | 0:01:15 | |
-..to save their communities. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:18 | |
-I admire their effort. -Community spirit is very strong. | 0:01:19 | 0:01:22 | |
-They've no choice, in a way. | 0:01:23 | 0:01:25 | |
-They must adapt in order to survive. | 0:01:25 | 0:01:28 | |
-They're planting trees -to protect their island. | 0:01:28 | 0:01:32 | |
-Closer to home, we're also seeing -the effects of climate change. | 0:01:32 | 0:01:36 | |
-Let's start at the very beginning -with the ice. | 0:01:45 | 0:01:49 | |
-I'm on my way to Greenland, -Kalaallit Nunaat... | 0:01:49 | 0:01:52 | |
-..an enormous country -covered in a sheet of ice. | 0:01:52 | 0:01:56 | |
-But the ice here and the rest -of the Arctic is quickly melting. | 0:01:56 | 0:02:00 | |
-This will change the lives of people -in Greenland and the Maldives... | 0:02:00 | 0:02:04 | |
-..as well as the rest of the world. | 0:02:05 | 0:02:07 | |
-I'm about to land in Narsarsuaq, -in the south of the island. | 0:02:13 | 0:02:17 | |
-It was once a famous airport where -US aircraft landed during WWII. | 0:02:17 | 0:02:22 | |
-Only a few hundred people -live here... | 0:02:26 | 0:02:29 | |
-..and the majority -work in the airport. | 0:02:29 | 0:02:32 | |
-It's an important site in a remote -area on the edge of the ice sheet. | 0:02:33 | 0:02:37 | |
-I've visited Greenland once before -as part of my work... | 0:02:43 | 0:02:47 | |
-..but that time, I was actually -on the ice, collecting data... | 0:02:47 | 0:02:51 | |
-..on climate change -that happened many years ago. | 0:02:52 | 0:02:55 | |
-This time, I've returned -to Greenland for a different reason. | 0:02:55 | 0:03:01 | |
-Greenland -is covered in a huge ice sheet... | 0:03:01 | 0:03:04 | |
-..and only narrow strips -of green land can now be seen... | 0:03:04 | 0:03:08 | |
-..along the edges of the country. | 0:03:08 | 0:03:11 | |
-Behind me is a glacier. | 0:03:11 | 0:03:13 | |
-It's one of many -which drain this enormous ice sheet. | 0:03:14 | 0:03:18 | |
-I've heard so much about -how quickly the ice is melting. | 0:03:20 | 0:03:24 | |
-I want to see it for myself. | 0:03:24 | 0:03:26 | |
-I hope I'll be able -to see the glaciers... | 0:03:26 | 0:03:29 | |
-..and get as close as possible to -the ice which flows into the fjords. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:34 | |
-Mid September and this harbour -is quieter than it is in summer... | 0:03:35 | 0:03:39 | |
-..when boats sail back and forth -between the small villages... | 0:03:39 | 0:03:44 | |
-..and farms. | 0:03:44 | 0:03:46 | |
-What surprises me -is how quickly the ice is melting. | 0:03:53 | 0:03:56 | |
-Scientists estimate -that, on average... | 0:03:56 | 0:03:59 | |
-..500 billion litres of ice -melts every single day. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:03 | |
-As a result, the level of the sea -is rising worldwide. | 0:04:03 | 0:04:08 | |
-Some believe -that natural changes cause this... | 0:04:09 | 0:04:13 | |
-..leading to extreme weather... | 0:04:13 | 0:04:15 | |
-..but I believe -the evidence is clear. | 0:04:15 | 0:04:18 | |
-Today's climate is affected -by the actions of humans. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:22 | |
-I intend to show what happens -and the effects of those changes. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:29 | |
-It's a fact that Greenland's ice -is melting faster than ever before. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:36 | |
-It's like -losing five Bala Lakes a day. | 0:04:36 | 0:04:39 | |
-If all the ice melts, -the level of the sea... | 0:04:39 | 0:04:42 | |
-..would rise seven metres -across the world. | 0:04:43 | 0:04:46 | |
-It's odd to think -that this quiet melting... | 0:04:46 | 0:04:49 | |
-..in such a picturesque setting... | 0:04:50 | 0:04:52 | |
-..has the power and potential -to cause so much destruction. | 0:04:52 | 0:04:56 | |
-Climate change isn't new. | 0:04:58 | 0:05:00 | |
-Over the past 2.6 million years, the -Earth has gone from an ice age... | 0:05:01 | 0:05:05 | |
-..to a warmer age and back to an -ice age again in a regular cycle. | 0:05:05 | 0:05:10 | |
-These changes in climate -were natural. | 0:05:10 | 0:05:13 | |
-As I approach -the tip of the glacier... | 0:05:16 | 0:05:19 | |
-..the chill is extreme. | 0:05:19 | 0:05:21 | |
-Over the years, I've studied -several different ice ages... | 0:05:25 | 0:05:29 | |
-..and the last ice age happened -some 20,000 years ago. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:34 | |
-Back then, the Earth -was a long way from the Sun... | 0:05:34 | 0:05:37 | |
-..and it was that which prompted -those natural changes. | 0:05:37 | 0:05:41 | |
-During the last ice age, most -of northern Europe was under ice... | 0:05:41 | 0:05:45 | |
-..including the majority of Wales. | 0:05:46 | 0:05:48 | |
-There's evidence in Snowdonia today -of how the landscape was formed... | 0:05:48 | 0:05:53 | |
-..by the power of the ice. | 0:05:53 | 0:05:55 | |
-Before leaving for Greenland... | 0:06:02 | 0:06:04 | |
-..I went to Snowdonia to see -the effects of the last ice age. | 0:06:04 | 0:06:08 | |
-Geologist Dr Rhian Meara -accompanied me on my journey. | 0:06:08 | 0:06:11 | |
-Nant Ffrancon, Cwm Idwal -and the Ogwen Valley... | 0:06:12 | 0:06:15 | |
-..clearly show how the ice eroded -to carve out the dramatic landscape. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:20 | |
-In time, Greenland -will look very similar to this. | 0:06:20 | 0:06:24 | |
-Scenery like this inspired me -to choose geography as a subject. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:34 | |
-School trips to places like this -prompted me too. | 0:06:34 | 0:06:38 | |
-It's one of Wales' -most spectacular views. | 0:06:38 | 0:06:42 | |
-During the last glacial period... | 0:06:42 | 0:06:45 | |
-..a huge ice sheet -covered Snowdonia. | 0:06:45 | 0:06:48 | |
-It was only the highest peaks -that could be seen above the ice. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:52 | |
-There's evidence -of glacial activity all around us. | 0:06:52 | 0:06:55 | |
-Snowdonia is characteristic of that. | 0:06:56 | 0:06:58 | |
-Cwm Idwal is a cirque, a small -valley that has been eroded by ice. | 0:06:58 | 0:07:03 | |
-There are steep slopes and screes. | 0:07:03 | 0:07:06 | |
-In front of us is a U-shaped valley. | 0:07:06 | 0:07:10 | |
-It's a perfect U shape. | 0:07:10 | 0:07:12 | |
-This would've been filled with ice. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:15 | |
-There would've been -a large glacier here... | 0:07:15 | 0:07:18 | |
-..stretching as far as the horizon. | 0:07:19 | 0:07:21 | |
-Hanging valleys were created... | 0:07:21 | 0:07:23 | |
-..where smaller valleys -met glaciated valleys. | 0:07:24 | 0:07:26 | |
-They denote the approximate height -of the glacier. | 0:07:27 | 0:07:30 | |
-If the ice thawed in Greenland -we'd see this kind of evidence... | 0:07:31 | 0:07:35 | |
-..that would form the landscape -that was left behind. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:39 | |
-Yes, Greenland would look -just like this. | 0:07:39 | 0:07:42 | |
-You also see it elsewhere in Europe, -such as the Alps... | 0:07:42 | 0:07:46 | |
-..where the ice is melting. | 0:07:46 | 0:07:48 | |
-This is evidence of the past. | 0:07:48 | 0:07:50 | |
-In the distant past, climate changes -happened frequently but gradually... | 0:08:06 | 0:08:11 | |
-..over thousands of years... | 0:08:11 | 0:08:13 | |
-..but that's not -what we're seeing today. | 0:08:14 | 0:08:17 | |
-It's a pity Pittut can't speak. | 0:08:20 | 0:08:22 | |
-She's carried visitors and -scientists close to the glacier... | 0:08:22 | 0:08:27 | |
-..for the past 60 years... | 0:08:27 | 0:08:30 | |
-..but she's never had to go -as far as this to reach it. | 0:08:30 | 0:08:34 | |
-I've reached the glacier - -it's impossible to get any closer... | 0:08:36 | 0:08:41 | |
-..because it's too dangerous. | 0:08:41 | 0:08:43 | |
-But this glacier has shrunk -considerably over recent years. | 0:08:43 | 0:08:48 | |
-It's an incredible experience -being here. | 0:08:48 | 0:08:51 | |
-It's cold but it's very special... | 0:08:51 | 0:08:54 | |
-..being able -to experience the power of nature. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:58 | |
-The last ice age ended -as the Earth warmed naturally. | 0:09:01 | 0:09:05 | |
-The main factor was a change in -the Earth's distance from the Sun. | 0:09:05 | 0:09:10 | |
-Back in Wales, I visit Ynyslas -near Borth in Ceredigion. | 0:09:25 | 0:09:29 | |
-I went there to meet Dr Huw Morgan, -an expert on the Sun... | 0:09:29 | 0:09:33 | |
-..to get an understanding -of the natural process... | 0:09:34 | 0:09:37 | |
-..and to ask if it -could cause present-day changes. | 0:09:37 | 0:09:41 | |
-We know from studying the last -ice age that many have occurred. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:46 | |
-They happened -regularly and frequently. | 0:09:46 | 0:09:49 | |
-What has prompted those changes? | 0:09:49 | 0:09:52 | |
-The Milankovitch cycle happens, -whereby Jupiter and Saturn... | 0:09:52 | 0:09:57 | |
-..affects the Earth's orbit... | 0:09:58 | 0:10:00 | |
-..and the Earth's tilt. | 0:10:00 | 0:10:05 | |
-It can lead to ice ages on Earth... | 0:10:05 | 0:10:09 | |
-..over a period -of thousands of years. | 0:10:10 | 0:10:14 | |
-They are natural processes. | 0:10:14 | 0:10:16 | |
-These changes -have happened regularly over time... | 0:10:17 | 0:10:20 | |
-..and external processes -have been responsible. | 0:10:20 | 0:10:24 | |
-Yes, they've happened -in a way that you can forecast... | 0:10:24 | 0:10:28 | |
-..from the planets' positions and -gradual changes in the solar system. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:32 | |
-So the ice sheets grow and shrink as -a result of these external changes. | 0:10:33 | 0:10:38 | |
-Yes. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:39 | |
-Some people -dispute climate change... | 0:10:40 | 0:10:42 | |
-..and say it is people -who are causing these changes. | 0:10:43 | 0:10:47 | |
-They'd say -it's just a circular course. | 0:10:47 | 0:10:50 | |
-We're constantly -in a Milankovitch cycle... | 0:10:50 | 0:10:53 | |
-..but according to -the current cycle... | 0:10:54 | 0:10:56 | |
-..the Earth -should be getting colder. | 0:10:57 | 0:10:59 | |
-There's no way -the Milankovitch cycle... | 0:11:00 | 0:11:02 | |
-..could explain the sudden -global warming we've seen of late. | 0:11:03 | 0:11:07 | |
-Some claim the Sun's activity is -driving the latest global warming. | 0:11:08 | 0:11:13 | |
-What exactly is happening? | 0:11:13 | 0:11:15 | |
-The Sun has an activity cycle -which lasts approximately 11 years. | 0:11:16 | 0:11:20 | |
-This is evident from the speckles... | 0:11:21 | 0:11:24 | |
-..which come and go over 11 years. | 0:11:24 | 0:11:26 | |
-The sun's X-rays -and ultraviolet rays intensify... | 0:11:27 | 0:11:31 | |
-..and weaken during this cycle. | 0:11:32 | 0:11:34 | |
-But the changes in the sun's -overall heat and light are minor. | 0:11:35 | 0:11:40 | |
-A fraction of one percent. | 0:11:41 | 0:11:43 | |
-That, in itself, -couldn't explain global warming. | 0:11:43 | 0:11:47 | |
-It doesn't come close -to explaining the warming. | 0:11:47 | 0:11:51 | |
-Some believe this is good news. | 0:11:54 | 0:11:57 | |
-The warming will help us -avoid another ice age. | 0:11:57 | 0:12:01 | |
-But the truth is, the warming -causes the planet's climate... | 0:12:01 | 0:12:05 | |
-..to behave in a different -and unpredictable way... | 0:12:06 | 0:12:09 | |
-..where extreme weather -is more common. | 0:12:09 | 0:12:12 | |
-A difficult -and uncertain age to forecast. | 0:12:12 | 0:12:15 | |
-We're only starting to realize -what this means... | 0:12:15 | 0:12:19 | |
-..and how powerful people are... | 0:12:19 | 0:12:21 | |
-..in changing -the climate's natural order. | 0:12:22 | 0:12:25 | |
-. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:32 | |
-Subtitles | 0:12:34 | 0:12:34 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:12:34 | 0:12:36 | |
-In December 2015, the COP 21 -conference was held in Paris. | 0:12:44 | 0:12:49 | |
-World leaders -locked heads to try and avoid... | 0:12:49 | 0:12:52 | |
-..a further rise -in the Earth's temperature. | 0:12:53 | 0:12:56 | |
-The reason -the temperature is rising... | 0:12:56 | 0:12:59 | |
-..is because there are more gases -in the atmosphere than ever before. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:04 | |
-Greenhouse gases, -which exist naturally. | 0:13:04 | 0:13:07 | |
-During the climate changes -I'm studying... | 0:13:07 | 0:13:10 | |
-..the Earth released and absorbed -these gases to ensure balance. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:16 | |
-We've interfered in this balance. | 0:13:16 | 0:13:19 | |
-The Industrial Revolution -is one way we've interfered. | 0:13:19 | 0:13:23 | |
-We realized that burning coal -created energy. | 0:13:23 | 0:13:27 | |
-However, burning coal releases -carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. | 0:13:27 | 0:13:32 | |
-Coal was formed -in the Carboniferous Period. | 0:13:32 | 0:13:35 | |
-Back then, Wales and Greenland -were on the same latitude... | 0:13:36 | 0:13:40 | |
-..close to the Equator. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:42 | |
-Wales during the Carboniferous -Period was unrecognizable. | 0:13:44 | 0:13:48 | |
-It resembled a tropical marshland... | 0:13:48 | 0:13:51 | |
-..with thousands upon thousands -of trees. | 0:13:51 | 0:13:54 | |
-Dr Rhian Meara and I -went to Ffos y Fran opencast mine... | 0:13:59 | 0:14:03 | |
-..situated near Merthyr -to talk about how coal was formed. | 0:14:03 | 0:14:07 | |
-This opencast mine is enormous. | 0:14:07 | 0:14:10 | |
-Coal was formed -in the Carboniferous Period. | 0:14:22 | 0:14:24 | |
-It developed as plants, trees... | 0:14:25 | 0:14:28 | |
-..ferns and vegetation -from that period died. | 0:14:28 | 0:14:31 | |
-Once dead, they fell into bogs... | 0:14:32 | 0:14:36 | |
-..so all this area here -was once marshland. | 0:14:36 | 0:14:39 | |
-They rotted slowly... | 0:14:39 | 0:14:41 | |
-..so layers upon layers -grew on top of them. | 0:14:41 | 0:14:44 | |
-As they were compressed and heated, -they turned into coal. | 0:14:45 | 0:14:49 | |
-Coal is a good fuel because -the level of carbon it contains... | 0:14:49 | 0:14:53 | |
-..is very high -and it's the carbon that burns... | 0:14:54 | 0:14:58 | |
-..to produce energy. | 0:14:58 | 0:15:00 | |
-The level of carbon in South Wales -coal in particular is very high. | 0:15:00 | 0:15:04 | |
-It's been interesting getting -an aerial view of the site's scale. | 0:15:05 | 0:15:10 | |
-The lorries -look like ants in the distance. | 0:15:11 | 0:15:14 | |
-It's much bigger than I expected. | 0:15:14 | 0:15:17 | |
-It's altered my perspective. | 0:15:17 | 0:15:19 | |
-I now understand how much they mine, -how deep they go... | 0:15:19 | 0:15:23 | |
-..and how much -they extract from the land too. | 0:15:23 | 0:15:26 | |
-How much coal do they mine? | 0:15:27 | 0:15:28 | |
-How much coal do they mine? - -In this particular site... | 0:15:28 | 0:15:31 | |
-..they intend to extract -11 million tonnes of coal... | 0:15:31 | 0:15:35 | |
-..over 15 years. | 0:15:35 | 0:15:37 | |
-Five million tonnes -have already been extracted. | 0:15:37 | 0:15:41 | |
-The coal goes straight from here -by train to the Vale of Glamorgan... | 0:15:42 | 0:15:46 | |
-..and the Swansea area. | 0:15:47 | 0:15:49 | |
-A large proportion -goes to Aberthaw... | 0:15:49 | 0:15:52 | |
-..one of Wales' -biggest power stations. | 0:15:52 | 0:15:55 | |
-We're starting to use -more renewable fuels... | 0:15:55 | 0:15:58 | |
-..but coal is still important and it -provides a great deal of our energy. | 0:15:59 | 0:16:04 | |
-So we still need to mine coal -and we also need oil. | 0:16:04 | 0:16:09 | |
-In November, the British government -announced a plan... | 0:16:10 | 0:16:14 | |
-..to get rid of power stations -powered by coal by 2025. | 0:16:14 | 0:16:18 | |
-Aberthaw -is already decreasing its output. | 0:16:18 | 0:16:21 | |
-There have been recent protests -to stop further mining... | 0:16:21 | 0:16:25 | |
-..at Ffos y Fran. | 0:16:25 | 0:16:27 | |
-Carbon dioxide, the gas -produced from burning coal... | 0:16:31 | 0:16:35 | |
-..is only one of the greenhouse -gases in global warming. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:38 | |
-We mustn't forget methane -and nitrogen oxide. | 0:16:39 | 0:16:42 | |
-Another is water vapour, -which rises as the planet warms. | 0:16:43 | 0:16:47 | |
-The sun's rays -pass through the atmosphere... | 0:16:48 | 0:16:51 | |
-..and warms the Earth's surface. | 0:16:51 | 0:16:54 | |
-Infrared rays, -another form of heat, rise up. | 0:16:54 | 0:16:57 | |
-However, greenhouses gases -absorb 90% of this heat... | 0:16:57 | 0:17:01 | |
-..and send them back down -to heat the Earth's surface. | 0:17:01 | 0:17:05 | |
-They all stop -the sun's heat from escaping. | 0:17:05 | 0:17:08 | |
-Our level of carbon dioxide, -400 parts per million... | 0:17:09 | 0:17:13 | |
-..has risen 40% -since the Industrial Revolution. | 0:17:13 | 0:17:16 | |
-Our earth is warming, -the seas are warming. | 0:17:20 | 0:17:24 | |
-More moisture for some countries, -more drought for others. | 0:17:25 | 0:17:29 | |
-The effect in Greenland -is the melting of ice. | 0:17:29 | 0:17:32 | |
-In 2016... | 0:17:32 | 0:17:34 | |
-..the ice has started to melt -two months earlier than usual. | 0:17:34 | 0:17:39 | |
-We couldn't reach -the tip of the glacier in a boat... | 0:17:42 | 0:17:46 | |
-..but I've been able to get closer -to the beauty of the ice. | 0:17:46 | 0:17:50 | |
-In order to reach the glacier, I've -been transported in a helicopter. | 0:17:53 | 0:17:58 | |
-Only one of the ice sheet's glaciers -is draining Greenland's ice sheet. | 0:17:59 | 0:18:04 | |
-This looks like a gigantic -ice tongue coming to get me. | 0:18:04 | 0:18:08 | |
-Being so close to the ice -is an unforgettable experience. | 0:18:09 | 0:18:13 | |
-This is what I study every day -and what I read about. | 0:18:13 | 0:18:16 | |
-But there's nothing like -being this close... | 0:18:17 | 0:18:20 | |
-..and seeing how the ice -forms and shapes the landscape. | 0:18:20 | 0:18:24 | |
-This ice is disappearing -as a result of climate change. | 0:18:26 | 0:18:30 | |
-It's not what you'd expect... | 0:18:30 | 0:18:32 | |
-..when you consider -the natural changes of the past. | 0:18:32 | 0:18:36 | |
-We're in a different period now. | 0:18:36 | 0:18:39 | |
-We're seeing modern climate change -as a result of people's actions. | 0:18:39 | 0:18:44 | |
-Scientists have offered -a new term for this period. | 0:18:44 | 0:18:49 | |
-The Anthropocen Age. | 0:18:49 | 0:18:51 | |
-It's an age which clearly shows -the human impact on our climate. | 0:18:51 | 0:18:55 | |
-As I stand here... | 0:18:56 | 0:18:58 | |
-..I can hear enormous chunks -of ice falling off this glacier. | 0:18:58 | 0:19:03 | |
-In a matter of seconds, -I saw the sheer power... | 0:19:07 | 0:19:10 | |
-..as a piece of ice -fell from the glacier. | 0:19:10 | 0:19:13 | |
-It was unforgettable sight. | 0:19:13 | 0:19:15 | |
-Like a gigantic beast -rising ever so slowly. | 0:19:16 | 0:19:20 | |
-Seeing the ice melt -worries me greatly. | 0:19:42 | 0:19:46 | |
-It profoundly affects not only -Greenland but the rest of the world. | 0:19:47 | 0:19:51 | |
-It will affect my children -and my children's children. | 0:19:51 | 0:19:55 | |
-Scientists -study what happens to the ice... | 0:19:59 | 0:20:02 | |
-..that melts -on the surface of the sheet. | 0:20:03 | 0:20:05 | |
-The thaw forms holes in the ice -called moulins. | 0:20:06 | 0:20:09 | |
-Water drains through them... | 0:20:09 | 0:20:11 | |
-..making the base slippery, causing -it to flow faster to the sea. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:16 | |
-Eventually pieces melt, causing -the level of the sea to rise. | 0:20:16 | 0:20:21 | |
-As I ascend once again, -I marvel at the glacier. | 0:20:44 | 0:20:47 | |
-Over 100 metres above sea level... | 0:20:47 | 0:20:49 | |
-..and twice as high -as the Principality Stadium's roof. | 0:20:50 | 0:20:53 | |
-It's hard to believe its fragility. | 0:20:53 | 0:20:55 | |
-We head towards -the ice sheet itself... | 0:20:56 | 0:20:58 | |
-..which is 1.7 million kilometres -square in total. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:02 | |
-My concern is that as the climate -heats the sea's temperature... | 0:21:03 | 0:21:07 | |
-..more hot water will touch -the edges of the glaciers' ice... | 0:21:07 | 0:21:10 | |
-..causing them to melt even faster. | 0:21:11 | 0:21:13 | |
-Standing on the ice sheet -always gives me such a thrill. | 0:21:23 | 0:21:27 | |
-I've worked on this ice sheet -in the far north... | 0:21:27 | 0:21:31 | |
-..collecting samples for my work. | 0:21:31 | 0:21:33 | |
-There's something magical -about being here... | 0:21:33 | 0:21:37 | |
-..even if you're familiar with it, -as Jim McNeil is. | 0:21:37 | 0:21:41 | |
-He's an explorer who's spent decades -studying the Arctic ice sheet. | 0:21:41 | 0:21:45 | |
-You've been a polar explorer -for over 30 years. | 0:21:45 | 0:21:49 | |
-What sort of changes -have you seen in Greenland? | 0:21:49 | 0:21:53 | |
-It's a very changing place. -The whole world is a changing place. | 0:21:53 | 0:21:58 | |
-This is the early warning system... | 0:21:58 | 0:22:01 | |
-..for the rest of the world. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:03 | |
-I'm really worried, actually... | 0:22:03 | 0:22:06 | |
-..what a detrimental effect we -as humans have on this environment. | 0:22:06 | 0:22:12 | |
-If we're having an effect here... | 0:22:12 | 0:22:14 | |
-..it'll pass down -to the rest of the world. | 0:22:14 | 0:22:17 | |
-If this melts, the sea level -goes up six to seven metres... | 0:22:17 | 0:22:21 | |
-..which is destructive. | 0:22:22 | 0:22:23 | |
-We lose a considerable amount -of the room that people live on. | 0:22:24 | 0:22:28 | |
-It'll be a catastrophic disaster. | 0:22:28 | 0:22:31 | |
-We won't exist -if we carry on like this. | 0:22:33 | 0:22:36 | |
-The world will exist and adapt... | 0:22:36 | 0:22:38 | |
-..just as it did -with the end of the dinosaurs. | 0:22:38 | 0:22:41 | |
-It's in our control. -Let's use our brains. | 0:22:42 | 0:22:45 | |
-Let's apply the technology -that we already have for energy. | 0:22:45 | 0:22:48 | |
-Let's start -doing something positive about it. | 0:22:49 | 0:22:52 | |
-This is my quest in this series. | 0:22:55 | 0:22:57 | |
-After years of studying the natural -climate changes of the past... | 0:22:58 | 0:23:02 | |
-..I'm turning my attention -to changes that are happening now... | 0:23:02 | 0:23:06 | |
-..and will change -the future of our planet. | 0:23:07 | 0:23:10 | |
-In the next programme, -I'll see the true extent... | 0:23:16 | 0:23:20 | |
-..of the melting ice -on Greenland's inhabitants. | 0:23:21 | 0:23:25 | |
-It's a country -living on the edge of existence... | 0:23:25 | 0:23:28 | |
-..where climate -is key to their fragile lives... | 0:23:29 | 0:23:31 | |
-..and where every day's a challenge. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:34 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:55 | |
-. | 0:23:55 | 0:23:55 |