Pennod 1 ‹ Huw Edwards a Stori Cymry Llundain

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-That's it from us.	0:00:00	0:00:01
-A first look at the papers on the -BBC News channel in a few minutes...	0:00:02	0:00:06
-..but now it's time -for the news where you are.	0:00:06	0:00:09
-And that's the end -of another broadcast...	0:00:10	0:00:14
-..here at the BBC's -main news studio in London...	0:00:14	0:00:17
-..watched by around five million -viewers in Wales, England...	0:00:18	0:00:21
-..Northern Ireland and Scotland.	0:00:22	0:00:24
-The location of the studio -speaks volumes.	0:00:24	0:00:27
-In the heart of London, -the capital of the United Kingdom.	0:00:28	0:00:32
-However, the unity of that kingdom -is a contentious issue nowadays.	0:00:32	0:00:37
-The heart of London is where -the BBC's new news headquarters...	0:00:38	0:00:43
-..and the headquarters of Britain's -influential companies are situated.	0:00:43	0:00:48
-It's been home to millions of people -over the centuries...	0:00:49	0:00:53
-..including the Welsh, and the story -of the London Welsh is intriguing.	0:00:53	0:00:59
-Over five centuries, from Henry -Tudor and his Welsh soldiers...	0:00:59	0:01:04
-..to the age of the drovers...	0:01:04	0:01:07
-..and the garden girls.	0:01:07	0:01:10
-From literature societies...	0:01:10	0:01:12
-..the Gorsedd of the Bards -on Primrose Hill...	0:01:12	0:01:15
-..the army of dairymen -and the busy urban chapels...	0:01:16	0:01:20
-..to the bustling city today.	0:01:20	0:01:22
-It's a story -which sparks the imagination.	0:01:22	0:01:25
-In this series, we'll convey -some of that hustle and bustle...	0:01:27	0:01:32
-..and explain -the influence of the Welsh...	0:01:32	0:01:35
-..on one of the world's -major cities...	0:01:35	0:01:38
-..and London's influence -on the Welsh.	0:01:38	0:01:41
-The story of the London Welsh -is relevant to everyone in Wales.	0:01:41	0:01:45
-This is undoubtedly -the best place to begin the story.	0:02:09	0:02:13
-On the banks of the Thames, within -the walls of the Tower of London...	0:02:13	0:02:17
-..that has served as a royal palace -and a prison down the centuries.	0:02:18	0:02:22
-The construction of the White Tower -began 1,000 years ago.	0:02:23	0:02:27
-Many unfortunate Welsh people -have been incarcerated here.	0:02:27	0:02:31
-Among them -was Gruffydd ap Llywelyn...	0:02:31	0:02:34
-..the son of Llywelyn the Great -of Gwynedd.	0:02:34	0:02:36
-The cell lies beyond the windows -that have been filled in with stone.	0:02:37	0:02:41
-On St David's Day 1244...	0:02:42	0:02:45
-..he attempted to escape -but fell to his death.	0:02:46	0:02:50
-This is the Traitors' Gate...	0:02:57	0:03:00
-..the tower's main entrance -for prisoners...	0:03:00	0:03:04
-..many of whom -were prominent Welshmen.	0:03:04	0:03:07
-This is the Bloody Tower...	0:03:07	0:03:09
-..which once again reminds us -of this place's gruesome history.	0:03:09	0:03:13
-But during the 15th century...	0:03:13	0:03:16
-..the relationship -between the Welsh...	0:03:16	0:03:19
-..and England's Royal Family -is transformed.	0:03:19	0:03:22
-A new king -becomes boss of this enormous place.	0:03:22	0:03:26
-Who is he? Henry Tudor.	0:03:26	0:03:29
-A young man of Welsh descent.	0:03:29	0:03:32
-Well, partly Welsh.	0:03:32	0:03:35
-Born in Pembroke Castle and -a descendant of Anglesey's Tudors...	0:03:39	0:03:43
-..Henry travelled across Wales -in 1485...	0:03:43	0:03:47
-..en route to battle Richard III -at Bosworth Field.	0:03:47	0:03:52
-Having won the battle and the crown, -Henry Tudor became Henry VII...	0:03:52	0:03:57
-..and came to the Tower of London -to celebrate his victory.	0:03:58	0:04:02
-It became his home -for some time too.	0:04:02	0:04:05
-Henry's arrival -had an electrifying effect...	0:04:06	0:04:10
-..on the status of the London Welsh.	0:04:10	0:04:12
-After all, a third of Henry's army -at Bosworth were Welsh.	0:04:13	0:04:17
-This heralded major change.	0:04:17	0:04:19
-The London Welsh went -from being a group of enemies...	0:04:19	0:04:23
-..to a group who were accepted.	0:04:23	0:04:25
-Accepted, that is, under the terms -of the English establishment.	0:04:26	0:04:30
-We have to remember that -he wasn't a fully-fledged Welshman.	0:04:40	0:04:45
-He had English -and French blood in him too.	0:04:45	0:04:50
-But he was interested -in his Welsh lineage.	0:04:50	0:04:54
-His associations with Wales -originated in Penmynydd, Anglesey.	0:04:54	0:04:59
-At Bosworth, he was very keen...	0:04:59	0:05:02
-..to show his affiliations -with Wales...	0:05:02	0:05:05
-..by flying the red dragon of -Cadwaladr, a seventh-century king.	0:05:05	0:05:10
-The new king -was mindful of the Welsh support.	0:05:10	0:05:15
-He appointed a Welshman -as his personal physician.	0:05:15	0:05:18
-He paid his nurse -at Pembroke Castle a pension.	0:05:19	0:05:22
-Legend has it -that she taught him Welsh.	0:05:22	0:05:25
-He established his own personal -guards - the Yeoman of the Guard.	0:05:25	0:05:30
-By the end of his days, -one in every four guards...	0:05:31	0:05:35
-..who wore the striking red uniform -was a Welshman.	0:05:35	0:05:39
-For the first time in history...	0:05:39	0:05:41
-..the Welsh had status -within the Royal court.	0:05:41	0:05:45
-Like any new government who comes -to power, the first thing it does...	0:05:46	0:05:51
-..is employ its own officials -in positions of power.	0:05:51	0:05:55
-Trustworthy people.	0:05:55	0:05:58
-They were predominantly positions -within the court.	0:05:58	0:06:02
-They weren't prominent roles...	0:06:02	0:06:04
-..but they were roles...	0:06:04	0:06:07
-..which showed that Henry -was willing to reward the Welsh...	0:06:07	0:06:12
-..who had assisted him.	0:06:12	0:06:14
-They were called -the Yeomen of the Guard.	0:06:15	0:06:18
-Some of them -were Welsh-speaking Welshmen.	0:06:18	0:06:21
-One of Henry Tudor's -main qualities was his might.	0:06:30	0:06:34
-The kind of might -Tower Bridge conveys today.	0:06:34	0:06:38
-Much nonsense was written -about Henry VII by Welsh poets...	0:06:39	0:06:44
-..among them Sion Tudur...	0:06:44	0:06:46
-..who claimed that Henry Tudor -had liberated the Welsh.	0:06:46	0:06:50
-"Fair Henry, our long lasting joy	0:06:53	0:06:56
-"The one who set us free	0:06:56	0:06:59
-"Good was it for Wales all his life	0:06:59	0:07:02
-"That the man of Gwynedd -was crowned."	0:07:02	0:07:05
-Some historians claim that Henry -achieved very little in Wales...	0:07:06	0:07:12
-..though he had Welsh blood -flowing through his veins.	0:07:12	0:07:16
-Having said that...	0:07:16	0:07:18
-..we could say that he contributed -all he could for Wales.	0:07:18	0:07:24
-It doesn't appear much -because, after all...	0:07:24	0:07:29
-..he had enough to do in England.	0:07:29	0:07:33
-To establish himself -as the monarch, for example.	0:07:33	0:07:37
-At the rear of Westminster Abbey...	0:07:48	0:07:50
-..is a symbol -of Henry Tudor's power and wealth.	0:07:50	0:07:54
-Choosing a resting place -in an important place of worship...	0:07:56	0:08:00
-..was vital to show that Henry's -sovereignty was worthy...	0:08:01	0:08:06
-..though he had seized -the English crown in battle.	0:08:06	0:08:09
-He used all kinds of symbols -to emphasize his lineage's might.	0:08:10	0:08:15
-This is one of London's wonders.	0:08:16	0:08:20
-This is Henry VII's chapel -in Westminster Abbey.	0:08:20	0:08:24
-This is the resting place...	0:08:25	0:08:27
-..of Henry Tudor and his wife, -Elizabeth of York.	0:08:27	0:08:31
-The chapel is spectacular.	0:08:31	0:08:33
-It's full of symbols of Royal power.	0:08:33	0:08:37
-If you look closely...	0:08:37	0:08:39
-..you'll notice -that the red dragon is everywhere.	0:08:39	0:08:44
-But these -aren't symbols of Welshness.	0:08:44	0:08:48
-They're symbols -of the Tudors' influence and power.	0:08:48	0:08:52
-Henry and his descendants' reign...	0:09:03	0:09:06
-..affected the lives -of the London Welsh.	0:09:06	0:09:09
-The Welsh aristocracy were delighted -with his ascent to the throne.	0:09:09	0:09:14
-During the reign of his son, -Henry VIII...	0:09:19	0:09:22
-..and his granddaughter, -Elizabeth I...	0:09:22	0:09:24
-..the Welsh accounted for between -1% and 7% of London's population.	0:09:25	0:09:31
-The Welsh had certainly arrived.	0:09:32	0:09:35
-The notion that being in London -was the way to thrive socially...	0:09:37	0:09:43
-..was as important -as thriving politically.	0:09:44	0:09:47
-This is evident...	0:09:49	0:09:51
-..at the beginning -of the 16th century.	0:09:51	0:09:55
-It goes to show -that Henry supported this view.	0:09:55	0:10:01
-But Wales' relationship -with the Tudor dynasty...	0:10:04	0:10:07
-..wasn't without its problems.	0:10:08	0:10:10
-During Henry VIII's reign, -the Act of Union was introduced.	0:10:10	0:10:16
-Its author was the prime minister, -Thomas Cromwell.	0:10:17	0:10:21
-This was an anti-Welsh document...	0:10:21	0:10:24
-..that would undermine -Wales' language and identity.	0:10:24	0:10:28
-According to others, one of -the most influential figures...	0:10:29	0:10:33
-..in terms of the Welsh language -was Queen Elizabeth I.	0:10:33	0:10:37
-In 1563, -she introduced legislation...	0:10:38	0:10:41
-..that would secure -a Welsh translation of the Bible...	0:10:41	0:10:45
-..for every church in Wales...	0:10:45	0:10:47
-..providing official status -for the Welsh language.	0:10:48	0:10:52
-Unintentionally, of course.	0:10:52	0:10:54
-William Morgan, -the clergyman from Penmachno...	0:10:56	0:10:59
-..was tasked with translating -the Bible into Welsh.	0:11:00	0:11:03
-Like all the earliest Welsh books -that were printed...	0:11:03	0:11:07
-..William Morgan's Bible -was published in London.	0:11:07	0:11:12
-For an entire year, the translator -of the Welsh Bible stayed here...	0:11:12	0:11:16
-..at Westminster Abbey -to oversee the publishing.	0:11:17	0:11:21
-Bishop William Morgan -would cross this yard every day.	0:11:21	0:11:25
-By the way, this place -hasn't changed in five centuries.	0:11:25	0:11:30
-He was here at the behest -of the Dean of Westminster...	0:11:31	0:11:34
-..Gabriel Goodman.	0:11:34	0:11:36
-Here, in the heart of London, -the Welsh Bible was perfected.	0:11:36	0:11:41
-Gabriel Goodman hailed from Ruthin, -the son of a wealthy merchant.	0:11:46	0:11:51
-After studying at Cambridge, he -began his career with the Church...	0:11:51	0:11:55
-..which would eventually -lead him to London...	0:11:56	0:11:59
-..firstly to St Paul's Cathedral -and then to Westminster.	0:11:59	0:12:03
-Upon his return to Ruthin, -he founded a grammar school.	0:12:05	0:12:09
-He had already translated the First -Book of Corinthians into Welsh...	0:12:09	0:12:15
-..twenty years -before Morgan arrived.	0:12:15	0:12:17
-One of today's London Welsh -is an assistant...	0:12:22	0:12:25
-..to the current -Dean of Westminster Abbey.	0:12:25	0:12:28
-Non Vaughan O'Hagan has acquired -the abbey library's original copy...	0:12:28	0:12:33
-..of William Morgan's Bible, which -was a gift from the author himself.	0:12:33	0:12:38
-It's always a thrill -to see William Morgan's Bible.	0:12:39	0:12:43
-Why is it here in Westminster?	0:12:44	0:12:46
-William Morgan presented it -to the abbey as a gift.	0:12:46	0:12:50
-To Gabriel Goodman specifically...	0:12:50	0:12:53
-..because it was -in Goodman's deanery...	0:12:54	0:12:57
-..that he stayed while the book -was being printed in London.	0:12:58	0:13:03
-Why did he stay there?	0:13:03	0:13:05
-It's believed that the Archbishop -of Canterbury, John Whitgift...	0:13:06	0:13:10
-..invited him -to stay at Lambeth Palace...	0:13:10	0:13:13
-..but he didn't want to cross -the river twice a day to St Paul's.	0:13:14	0:13:19
-The Bible was printed -in a specific printing house...	0:13:19	0:13:23
-..which had a special licence -to print bibles.	0:13:23	0:13:26
-As we look at this page...	0:13:26	0:13:29
-..which is very, very famous...	0:13:29	0:13:31
-..there's a signature -right at the bottom.	0:13:32	0:13:35
-Who was Jaspar Gryffyth?	0:13:35	0:13:37
-Gabriel Goodman -surrounded himself with people...	0:13:38	0:13:41
-..who had an interest in Welsh.	0:13:41	0:13:43
-Not only William Morgan, but also -the Anglican Jaspar Gryffyth.	0:13:43	0:13:48
-He realized the importance -of his Welsh identity.	0:13:48	0:13:52
-His career had been influenced -by Gabriel Goodman...	0:13:52	0:13:56
-..and Gabriel Goodman, in turn, -had some influence on this Bible.	0:13:57	0:14:01
-It's important that we consider...	0:14:01	0:14:04
-..the influence of this Bible, -not only in terms of religion...	0:14:04	0:14:08
-..but also in terms -of Wales' language and culture.	0:14:09	0:14:12
-William Morgan realized -the importance of having a Bible...	0:14:12	0:14:16
-..in a standardized language.	0:14:17	0:14:19
-Welsh that was poetic, smooth...	0:14:19	0:14:23
-..with no dialect -or verbal language...	0:14:23	0:14:26
-..but a standardized version, -and it has survived to this day.	0:14:26	0:14:30
-It created a standardized Welsh...	0:14:31	0:14:33
-..so that everyone could read -the Bible in their own language.	0:14:33	0:14:38
-Yes, and during -a significant period too.	0:14:38	0:14:41
-Elizabeth was the monarch, -but she was keen to ensure...	0:14:42	0:14:46
-..that Protestantism -was the country's religion...	0:14:46	0:14:51
-..and not the Catholicism of old.	0:14:51	0:14:54
-It was very important to empathize -with religion in this country.	0:14:55	0:15:00
-She was willing to compromise -and have a book written in Welsh...	0:15:00	0:15:04
-..that would be -a standardized Bible.	0:15:05	0:15:07
-It's very ironic, isn't it?	0:15:07	0:15:09
-This Bible saved the Welsh language.	0:15:09	0:15:13
-But that wasn't the intention.	0:15:13	0:15:15
-But that wasn't the intention. - -No, it wasn't.	0:15:15	0:15:16
-During the Tudor period...	0:15:17	0:15:19
-..the Church provided careers -for many Welsh luminaries.	0:15:20	0:15:24
-In the case of William Morgan -and his supporters...	0:15:24	0:15:27
-..his outstanding achievement -would influence generations to come.	0:15:28	0:15:32
-.	0:15:34	0:15:34
-Subtitles	0:15:40	0:15:40
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:15:40	0:15:42
-While William Morgan, -translator of the Welsh Bible...	0:15:58	0:16:02
-..resided at Westminster Abbey -in 1588, a swathe of Welsh people...	0:16:02	0:16:07
-..were being trained as lawyers -at the famous Inns of Court.	0:16:07	0:16:11
-It was an opportunity for the sons -of Wales' wealthy families...	0:16:13	0:16:17
-..to come to London and train -as clergymen or lawyers.	0:16:18	0:16:21
-And the Welsh legal tradition -still thrives in London to this day.	0:16:24	0:16:29
-This was the destination...	0:16:32	0:16:34
-..for hundreds of young Welshmen -from the Middle Ages onwards.	0:16:34	0:16:39
-This is the ancient Lincoln's Inn, -the oldest of the Inns of Court.	0:16:39	0:16:44
-This is where young lawyers -were trained.	0:16:44	0:16:48
-Studying the list of names, -one name in particular stands out.	0:16:48	0:16:52
-Owain Glyndwr.	0:16:52	0:16:54
-Yes, the Prince of Wales -received his legal training here...	0:16:54	0:16:59
-..at the heart -of the English establishment.	0:16:59	0:17:03
-Over the centuries, -generations of Welsh people...	0:17:04	0:17:07
-..have come to London to make -their mark on the legal world...	0:17:07	0:17:12
-..and been elevated to some -of the most influential positions.	0:17:12	0:17:17
-There are four Inns of Court.	0:17:17	0:17:20
-Middle Temple, Inner Temple, -Lincoln's Inn and Gray's Inn.	0:17:21	0:17:24
-The Welsh have gravitated towards -Gray's Inn throughout the centuries.	0:17:24	0:17:29
-It was natural for them to go.	0:17:29	0:17:31
-Not only the eldest sons...	0:17:32	0:17:35
-..but if the family was wealthy, -then all the sons would go.	0:17:35	0:17:40
-It was customary for the aristocracy -to attend the Inns of Court...	0:17:41	0:17:45
-..as part of their education.	0:17:45	0:17:47
-There weren't universities -other than Oxbridge back then.	0:17:47	0:17:52
-Of course, -being a lawyer or a barrister...	0:17:52	0:17:58
-..was a profitable profession -and it made them rich.	0:17:58	0:18:01
-At one time, if you wanted -to take silk, you came to London.	0:18:02	0:18:05
-You don't have to nowadays -but many still come.	0:18:05	0:18:09
-The bench nowadays -is full of Welsh people.	0:18:09	0:18:12
-While young Welshmen come to make -their mark on the legal world...	0:18:16	0:18:20
-..the Old Bailey's court records -show that many others...	0:18:20	0:18:24
-..pursued a less favourable path.	0:18:24	0:18:28
-Documents show -that the London Welsh...	0:18:28	0:18:31
-..have been involved -in their share of offending.	0:18:31	0:18:35
-The punishment for theft was severe.	0:18:35	0:18:38
-Stealing only a small sum of money -was punishable by hanging.	0:18:38	0:18:42
-The reason why people stole -is very interesting.	0:18:43	0:18:46
-People assume -the main reason is poverty.	0:18:46	0:18:49
-They steal because they're poor.	0:18:49	0:18:52
-But I've discovered that though -many London Welsh were poor...	0:18:52	0:18:56
-..very few said they stole -because they were poor.	0:18:57	0:19:01
-Many crimes were opportunistic.	0:19:02	0:19:04
-They saw something they wanted -and tried their luck.	0:19:04	0:19:07
-A lot of that went on.	0:19:08	0:19:10
-Throughout the centuries, -many people were hanged in Tyburn...	0:19:13	0:19:17
-..where there were -special gallows...	0:19:18	0:19:20
-..to hang more than one -at the same time.	0:19:21	0:19:24
-The site is now marked -by a commemorative plaque...	0:19:24	0:19:28
-..at the side of the main road -near Marble Arch.	0:19:28	0:19:32
-But one Welshman, -John Davis from Pembrokeshire...	0:19:32	0:19:36
-..a blacksmith -who became a highway robber...	0:19:36	0:19:39
-..tried to escape -his gruesome sentence.	0:19:39	0:19:42
-On the day of his execution, -he was transported in a cart...	0:19:43	0:19:47
-..from Newgate to Tyburn.	0:19:47	0:19:49
-He wasn't strong enough to stand. -People had to hold him up.	0:19:49	0:19:54
-"At the place of execution, -John Davis seemed very sick...	0:19:54	0:19:59
-"..as if he'd been -scarce able to speak.	0:19:59	0:20:02
-"The morning of his execution, -he was carried on a man's back...	0:20:03	0:20:06
-"..and two or three men dragged him -into the cart like a dead lump.	0:20:06	0:20:11
-"Out of compassion, they did not -tie his hands fast together."	0:20:11	0:20:16
-The guard decided -not to tie his hands in the cart...	0:20:16	0:20:20
-..thinking he wasn't going anywhere.	0:20:20	0:20:22
-But he jumped out and escaped.	0:20:23	0:20:25
-I suspect he'd been -planning his escape for weeks.	0:20:25	0:20:30
-"He put his foot to the side of -the cart, took hold of the spoke...	0:20:31	0:20:35
-"..and jumped over among the crowd -in the twinkling of an eye."	0:20:35	0:20:39
-Many in the crowd were delighted...	0:20:39	0:20:42
-..and tried to prevent people -catching him.	0:20:42	0:20:45
-"The officers and spectators -were surprised and astonished.	0:20:45	0:20:49
-"Some of the people -favouring his escape.	0:20:50	0:20:52
-"He ran very fast -till he got over a field.	0:20:53	0:20:55
-"But the officers, pursuing hard, -overtook him and brought back.	0:20:56	0:21:00
-"Two or three men -holding and pushing him forward...	0:21:00	0:21:04
-"..with his coat off, his shirt -and other clothes all torn.	0:21:04	0:21:08
-"Nothing on his head, -and in this dismal condition...	0:21:09	0:21:12
-"..they hurried him into the cart."	0:21:12	0:21:15
-There's plenty of evidence -about the London Welsh elite...	0:21:15	0:21:19
-..but for the highest percentage, -the paupers...	0:21:20	0:21:23
-..there's very little information -about them.	0:21:23	0:21:26
-The Old Bailey's records provide an -insight into their lives in London.	0:21:26	0:21:31
-At the beginning -of the 17th century...	0:21:42	0:21:45
-..the city of London -saw rapid growth.	0:21:45	0:21:48
-There were opportunities -for the sons of Wales' landowners...	0:21:48	0:21:52
-..to make their mark -in prominent fields.	0:21:53	0:21:56
-Opportunities that weren't available -in rural Wales.	0:21:56	0:21:59
-London was very attractive in terms -of employment and opportunity...	0:22:02	0:22:07
-..but in terms of sanitation -and health, it was a dangerous city.	0:22:08	0:22:12
-Disease and sickness -were everywhere.	0:22:12	0:22:15
-But thanks to the vision and efforts -of one particular Welshman...	0:22:15	0:22:20
-..the situation changed.	0:22:20	0:22:22
-We have to come to Finsbury Park -to understand why.	0:22:22	0:22:26
-For the people of London, -clean water was hard to come by.	0:22:29	0:22:33
-They relied on rivers and natural -wells for their water supply.	0:22:34	0:22:38
-People even sold water -on the streets.	0:22:39	0:22:41
-This was the scene -that greeted Hugh Myddelton...	0:22:45	0:22:48
-..the youngest son of Denbighshire's -member of parliament.	0:22:48	0:22:52
-He was an entrepreneur -and worked in many different fields.	0:22:52	0:22:56
-He made his mark -by building a new river...	0:22:56	0:23:00
-..to bring clean water -into the centre of London.	0:23:00	0:23:03
-Consider the nature of the task.	0:23:04	0:23:06
-The new river brought water from -Hertfordshire to the city of London.	0:23:07	0:23:11
-It took five years to complete -the 38-mile-long channel.	0:23:12	0:23:16
-The residents of London -were grateful to Hugh Myddelton...	0:23:17	0:23:21
-..for performing a miracle.	0:23:21	0:23:23
-Plans to build a new river -to supply clean water to London...	0:23:26	0:23:32
-..had been in the offing -for some time.	0:23:32	0:23:35
-But it was Hugh Myddelton -who secured the money...	0:23:36	0:23:39
-..and led the engineering work.	0:23:39	0:23:41
-The New River Company -made very little profit...	0:23:44	0:23:49
-..during Hugh Myddelton's lifetime, -but within two centuries...	0:23:49	0:23:54
-..the company was a leading -financial force in London.	0:23:54	0:23:58
-Even today, -part of the river is used...	0:23:58	0:24:01
-..to supply water -to the residents of the capital.	0:24:02	0:24:06
-The people of London -were indebted to Hugh Myddelton.	0:24:08	0:24:12
-He was made a baron.	0:24:12	0:24:14
-A commemorative statue of him -was erected on Islington Green...	0:24:15	0:24:20
-..near the end of the new river.	0:24:20	0:24:22
-One memorial -wasn't enough for such a feat.	0:24:23	0:24:26
-There's another statue of him -on the Royal Exchange.	0:24:26	0:24:29
-Many locations across the city -have been named after him.	0:24:29	0:24:34
-From Myddelton Square, -Myddelton Avenue, Myddelton Road...	0:24:34	0:24:39
-..to an eponymous primary school -and secondary school...	0:24:39	0:24:43
-..Hugh Myddelton's contribution -is still evident today on city maps.	0:24:44	0:24:49
-.	0:24:54	0:24:54
-Subtitles	0:24:58	0:24:58
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:24:58	0:25:00
-In the ensuing centuries -after the reign of the Tudors...	0:25:04	0:25:08
-..the roads to London -for Wales' nobility...	0:25:08	0:25:12
-..were clear enough.	0:25:13	0:25:15
-By the 18th century, the elite had -established themselves in the city.	0:25:16	0:25:21
-A cultural renaissance was afoot.	0:25:21	0:25:24
-During this time, coffee houses -were opening across London.	0:25:29	0:25:33
-They were places -to discuss the day's major issues.	0:25:33	0:25:36
-The Welsh wanted -to be part of the commotion...	0:25:37	0:25:40
-..so they established -special societies.	0:25:41	0:25:43
-The origins -of the first society can be seen...	0:25:44	0:25:47
-..in the heart -of the city's theatre district.	0:25:47	0:25:50
-In order to understand -the lives of the London Welsh...	0:25:59	0:26:02
-..in the early 18th century, -one must come here.	0:26:03	0:26:06
-St Paul's Church, Covent Garden.	0:26:06	0:26:08
-It's now known -as the Actors' Church.	0:26:08	0:26:11
-It was here, -on St David's Day 1715...	0:26:11	0:26:14
-..that the very first Welsh sermon -was preached in London...	0:26:14	0:26:18
-..or at least -the first recorded Welsh sermon.	0:26:19	0:26:22
-It was also here that the Society -of Ancient Britons was established.	0:26:23	0:26:27
-It was the first -of the famous societies...	0:26:28	0:26:31
-..that would transform -Wales' cultural life.	0:26:31	0:26:34
-Many Welsh people -came to London...	0:26:42	0:26:44
-..at the end of the 18th century -and the early 19th century.	0:26:45	0:26:48
-It was customary during that era...	0:26:49	0:26:51
-..for men -to frequent coffee houses...	0:26:51	0:26:54
-..to read the newspapers and so on.	0:26:54	0:26:57
-The Welsh became part -of that scene in the capital.	0:26:57	0:27:03
-The full name -of the Society of Ancient Britons...	0:27:03	0:27:06
-..featured the words -privileged and loyal.	0:27:07	0:27:09
-They are the two important words - -privileged and loyal.	0:27:10	0:27:15
-They were loyal -to the Hanoverian regime.	0:27:16	0:27:18
-To king, country and church.	0:27:18	0:27:21
-That was their aim.	0:27:21	0:27:22
-They weren't the hoi polloi.	0:27:23	0:27:24
-They were very wealthy and -were aristocrats of Welsh descent.	0:27:25	0:27:30
-It was their aim to ensure -that the Welsh were acknowledged...	0:27:30	0:27:34
-..as people -who were loyal to the monarchy.	0:27:34	0:27:37
-The term Ancient Britons...	0:27:38	0:27:40
-..was trying to prove -to the people of Britain...	0:27:40	0:27:44
-..that the Welsh -were the first inhabitants.	0:27:45	0:27:48
-They were the first natives -of the Isle of Britain...	0:27:48	0:27:52
-..as far as they knew back then.	0:27:52	0:27:54
-They needed -to emphasize to the English...	0:27:55	0:27:58
-.."You mustn't ignore us as people.	0:27:59	0:28:02
-"We were here first."	0:28:02	0:28:04
-Every St David's Day -was a chance for the London Welsh...	0:28:04	0:28:08
-..to remind the English -that we were here first.	0:28:08	0:28:13
-They did very little except come -together every St David's Day...	0:28:13	0:28:18
-..to carouse and listen to a sermon -that was usually in English.	0:28:19	0:28:23
-Preachers came from Wales and -urged them to do something in Wales.	0:28:23	0:28:27
-To use their wealth -to support the poor...	0:28:28	0:28:31
-..and establish apprenticeships.	0:28:31	0:28:33
-But they did very little in Wales, -in actual fact.	0:28:34	0:28:37
-Though the Ancient Britons failed -to leave their mark on Wales...	0:28:37	0:28:41
-..they made a vital contribution -to the lives of the London Welsh.	0:28:42	0:28:46
-By 1715...	0:28:46	0:28:49
-..many prominent Welsh figures -in London...	0:28:49	0:28:53
-..were saddened -that Welsh people were dying...	0:28:53	0:28:56
-..leaving orphaned children.	0:28:56	0:28:58
-They needed a school -and they needed apprenticeships....	0:28:59	0:29:04
-..to ensure a good start in life.	0:29:04	0:29:07
-The society's biggest feat -was to establish and fund...	0:29:10	0:29:14
-..a charitable school for children -from poor Welsh families.	0:29:14	0:29:19
-The school started with 12 pupils...	0:29:19	0:29:22
-..in the same year -as the society was formed.	0:29:22	0:29:25
-By 1737, they'd moved -to this handsome building...	0:29:25	0:29:31
-..on Clerkenwell Green.	0:29:31	0:29:33
-The Ancient Britons' annual dinner -was pleasant enough...	0:29:35	0:29:39
-..but they needed something -with more substance and consistency.	0:29:39	0:29:44
-Thanks to the vision -of three brothers from Anglesey...	0:29:44	0:29:48
-..the Morrises, a new society -was established in 1751.	0:29:48	0:29:52
-Y Cymmrodorion -are still with us today.	0:29:52	0:29:55
-They met in taverns like this, -the London Stone on Cannon Street.	0:29:55	0:30:00
-Richard Morris -was the leader in London.	0:30:00	0:30:03
-His intention -was to educate the Welsh...	0:30:03	0:30:06
-..to remind them -of their rich literary tradition...	0:30:06	0:30:10
-..and offer guidance to the Welsh -nation from the English capital.	0:30:10	0:30:16
-These days, the Cymmrodorion -meet in locations across London...	0:30:21	0:30:25
-..to listen to lectures -on a wide range of topics...	0:30:26	0:30:30
-..just as they did -almost 300 years ago.	0:30:30	0:30:33
-They also publish -the annual transactions...	0:30:36	0:30:39
-..which include -the articles and contributions...	0:30:40	0:30:43
-..of one of Britain's -oldest erudite periodicals.	0:30:43	0:30:47
-The society -also acknowledges individuals...	0:30:49	0:30:52
-..who have made a special -contribution to Welsh life...	0:30:52	0:30:56
-..as they did in the late 1960s -for TH Parry-Williams.	0:30:56	0:31:00
-As a tribute and as a mark of -our respect and adoration for him.	0:31:00	0:31:05
-The 18th century was a golden age -for societies and clubs in England.	0:31:05	0:31:11
-Due to the failure -of the Society of Ancient Britons...	0:31:11	0:31:15
-..the Welsh were keen to form -a society of London Welsh...	0:31:16	0:31:20
-..who represented their ideas.	0:31:20	0:31:22
-The middle classes -were emerging in Wales.	0:31:23	0:31:25
-Among them -were the Morrises of Anglesey.	0:31:26	0:31:28
-The three brothers -were predominantly responsible...	0:31:29	0:31:33
-..for establishing -the Cymmrodorion in London.	0:31:33	0:31:36
-The society's current president -is Professor Prys Morgan.	0:31:36	0:31:40
-But the first president, -until his death in 1779...	0:31:40	0:31:45
-..was Richard Morris, -one of three intelligent brothers...	0:31:45	0:31:49
-..known as the Morrises of Anglesey.	0:31:50	0:31:52
-The third brother, Richard, -lived in London all his life.	0:31:52	0:31:56
-He was a clerk -in the Navy's headquarters.	0:31:57	0:32:00
-His fellow London Welsh -were very fond of Richard Morris...	0:32:01	0:32:05
-..because he was very generous.	0:32:05	0:32:07
-Richard Morris was -"Our Father, who art in the Navy."	0:32:07	0:32:13
-Richard, Lewis and William Morris...	0:32:13	0:32:16
-..saw the need -for a society in London...	0:32:17	0:32:22
-..that met on a more regular basis -and behaved more like an academy...	0:32:22	0:32:27
-..with lectures and seminars -on topics like the history of Wales.	0:32:27	0:32:32
-Lewis Morris -is an incredibly interesting man.	0:32:32	0:32:36
-He was a giant of a man -with a big belly.	0:32:36	0:32:39
-He was known to his brothers -as 'Y Tew' (The Fat One).	0:32:39	0:32:44
-His belly was so fat...	0:32:44	0:32:46
-..he looked as if he was pregnant.	0:32:46	0:32:48
-He was an animated character, -full of ideas and energy...	0:32:49	0:32:53
-..despite his size.	0:32:53	0:32:56
-Lewis was a steward for the crown -at the mineral mines in Ceredigion.	0:32:56	0:33:01
-He spent lengthy periods -in London...	0:33:01	0:33:04
-..reporting back to the crown.	0:33:04	0:33:07
-He was a very inventive soul.	0:33:07	0:33:09
-He was responsible -for drafting the constitutions...	0:33:09	0:33:12
-..which were the Cymmrodorion's -work schedule in 1755.	0:33:13	0:33:16
-Richard Morris, -the younger brother...	0:33:20	0:33:23
-..was the most famous -of the three in London.	0:33:23	0:33:26
-Despite the Morrises' energy -and inspirational ideas...	0:33:26	0:33:30
-..getting -the Cymmrodorion's early members...	0:33:30	0:33:34
-..to commit to anything worthwhile -was hard work.	0:33:34	0:33:38
-He carried -the administrative burden...	0:33:39	0:33:42
-..of sustaining the Cymmrodorion.	0:33:42	0:33:44
-He had a heavy workload...	0:33:45	0:33:47
-..because the Cymmrodorion members -were so snobby...	0:33:47	0:33:52
-..so dour and so mean...	0:33:52	0:33:55
-..that they didn't support -Lewis Morris' vision...	0:33:55	0:33:59
-..of publishing Welsh books, -safeguarding manuscripts...	0:33:59	0:34:03
-..and ensuring -that Welsh culture was thriving.	0:34:03	0:34:07
-The Cymmrodorion -established the model...	0:34:07	0:34:10
-..of a Welsh cultural society -in London.	0:34:10	0:34:13
-But by the end -of the 18th century...	0:34:14	0:34:17
-..many other groups from Wales -would form in the city...	0:34:17	0:34:21
-..and leave their mark on the -language and culture of Wales.	0:34:21	0:34:26
-.	0:34:27	0:34:27
-Subtitles	0:34:30	0:34:30
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:34:30	0:34:32
-The 18th century was the golden age -of cultural societies in London.	0:34:37	0:34:41
-The Cymmrodorion -had already been set up...	0:34:42	0:34:46
-..the Morris brothers attempt -at creating a Welsh academy.	0:34:46	0:34:50
-This was a society -that would re-emerge many times...	0:34:50	0:34:54
-..over the centuries, -and it still exists today.	0:34:54	0:34:58
-But before the end of the century, -there were more to come.	0:34:59	0:35:03
-Although Richard Morris, -his brothers and the Cymmrodorion...	0:35:03	0:35:07
-..had made a valuable contribution, -an increasing number of critics...	0:35:07	0:35:12
-..regarded the Cymmrodorion -as an anglicized, snobbish society.	0:35:13	0:35:17
-An injection of gaiety was needed.	0:35:17	0:35:20
-In 1770, a new society was formed.	0:35:20	0:35:22
-The Gwyneddigion Society -also liked to meet in taverns.	0:35:22	0:35:26
-But they discussed -weighty matters...	0:35:26	0:35:29
-..literature, politics, philosophy, -through the medium of Welsh.	0:35:29	0:35:34
-The backbone of this new society...	0:35:34	0:35:37
-..was one -of the most influential figures...	0:35:37	0:35:40
-..in the history of Welsh culture.	0:35:40	0:35:42
-Owain Myfyr.	0:35:42	0:35:44
-Owen Jones, who became Owain Myfyr, -was a wealthy businessman.	0:35:44	0:35:49
-He made his fortune as a leather -merchant in the St Paul's area.	0:35:49	0:35:54
-Myfyr was in a prime position...	0:35:56	0:35:58
-..to fund the work -of this new cultural society.	0:35:59	0:36:02
-Owain Myfyr was very affluent.	0:36:02	0:36:06
-He was the president -of the Cymmrodorion...	0:36:07	0:36:10
-..and later, the Gwyneddigion.	0:36:10	0:36:12
-He was a very important man -and incredibly influential.	0:36:12	0:36:16
-He was the Tony Soprano...	0:36:16	0:36:19
-..of the Welsh Mafiosi -in London at the time!	0:36:19	0:36:23
-He was wealthy and used his money -for cultural purposes.	0:36:23	0:36:28
-There was plenty of fun to be had -in the Gwyneddigion meetings.	0:36:32	0:36:37
-But unlike other cultural societies -founded earlier in the century...	0:36:37	0:36:42
-..the Gwyneddigion -published literary anthologies...	0:36:43	0:36:47
-..which contributed greatly -to Welsh culture.	0:36:47	0:36:51
-A stone's throw from Owain Myfyr's -workshop on Thames Street...	0:36:51	0:36:57
-..which is a busy road these days, -is All Hallows Church.	0:36:57	0:37:01
-It was here -that Owain Myfyr was buried.	0:37:02	0:37:04
-He's here somewhere -but his headstone was removed.	0:37:04	0:37:08
-It was taken to Llanfihangel Glyn -Myfyr in 1951 by the Cymmrodorion.	0:37:08	0:37:13
-They wanted to emphasize -his contribution.	0:37:13	0:37:16
-It's thanks to Owain Myfyr -and the Gwyneddigion...	0:37:16	0:37:19
-..that Dafydd ap Gwilym's work -was published for the first time...	0:37:19	0:37:24
-..along with a body -of medieval work.	0:37:24	0:37:27
-Publishing -Dafydd ap Gwilym's work in 1768...	0:37:31	0:37:35
-..was part of a wider campaign -by the Gwyneddigion.	0:37:35	0:37:38
-The Gwyneddigion were intent...	0:37:38	0:37:41
-..on helping Welsh culture -back in Wales.	0:37:41	0:37:44
-That was one of the biggest changes.	0:37:45	0:37:47
-By the 1780s, they were keen -to see a renaissance...	0:37:47	0:37:51
-..in the culture -they embraced here in London.	0:37:51	0:37:54
-They wanted to revive Welsh culture -back in Wales.	0:37:55	0:37:58
-Although the Gwyneddigion -focused on Welsh culture...	0:38:00	0:38:03
-..they also enjoyed socializing, -drinking, singing...	0:38:04	0:38:08
-..and playing the harp.	0:38:08	0:38:10
-The Welsh language had a more -respectable place in society now.	0:38:10	0:38:15
-They were called the Gwyneddigion -because most came from Gwynedd.	0:38:16	0:38:20
-They were people from a much lower -class than the Cymmrodorion members.	0:38:21	0:38:26
-They were much jollier, more lively -and much more interesting.	0:38:26	0:38:31
-They were people who liked drinking.	0:38:32	0:38:34
-They liked smoking -and held smoking competitions.	0:38:35	0:38:39
-They were very fond -of swearing and ribaldry.	0:38:39	0:38:43
-Men like John Jones Glan-y-gors...	0:38:44	0:38:46
-..and Dafydd Samuel, -who had been in the South Seas...	0:38:46	0:38:49
-..and witnessed -Captain Cook's murder.	0:38:49	0:38:52
-Men who had tales to tell.	0:38:52	0:38:53
-Owain Myfyr was the first president -of the Gwyneddigion.	0:38:56	0:39:00
-He was something of a tyrant.	0:39:01	0:39:03
-He attracted many prominent figures -to the society.	0:39:03	0:39:06
-Not everyone was from North Wales.	0:39:06	0:39:09
-Owain Myfyr was a very generous man.	0:39:10	0:39:12
-Many took advantage -of his generosity...	0:39:13	0:39:16
-..one of whom was Edward Williams, -or Iolo Morganwg.	0:39:16	0:39:20
-He spent a lengthy time in London, -promoting revolutionary ideas...	0:39:21	0:39:25
-..like the Gorsedd of the Bards.	0:39:25	0:39:28
-Iolo was a colourful -but contentious genius.	0:39:28	0:39:31
-Owain Myfyr -was Iolo Morganwg's patron.	0:39:34	0:39:37
-Like other members -of the Gwyneddigion...	0:39:37	0:39:40
-..Iolo was inspired by the ideology -of the French Revolution.	0:39:40	0:39:45
-He campaigned against war...	0:39:45	0:39:47
-..slavery, high taxes -and political oppression.	0:39:47	0:39:51
-He called himself -the Poet of Freedom.	0:39:51	0:39:55
-The product of his imagination -and, possibly, of his drug taking...	0:39:56	0:40:01
-..was the Gorsedd of the Bards...	0:40:02	0:40:04
-..and the ceremonies that are now -integral to the National Eisteddfod.	0:40:04	0:40:09
-Iolo was very fond of Owain Myfyr.	0:40:09	0:40:12
-He regarded him as a charitable, -kind and interesting man.	0:40:12	0:40:16
-He described him as -"a man without peer in the world".	0:40:17	0:40:22
-The reason for that is because -Owain Myfyr would give him 10...	0:40:22	0:40:27
-..and occasionally 20...	0:40:27	0:40:29
-..so that he could pursue -his literary interests...	0:40:30	0:40:33
-..and produce work for him, -and Iolo obliged.	0:40:34	0:40:37
-But in time, the relationship -between Iolo and Owain turned sour.	0:40:37	0:40:43
-Unbeknown to anyone...	0:40:43	0:40:45
-..Iolo had been including -his own fake literary work...	0:40:45	0:40:49
-..in the Gwyneddigion's -publications.	0:40:49	0:40:52
-Although Owain Myfyr -suspected him...	0:40:52	0:40:55
-..it all boiled down to money -in the end.	0:40:55	0:40:58
-The relationship cooled off -during the 1790s...	0:40:58	0:41:02
-..because Owain Myfyr suspected -Iolo of producing forgeries.	0:41:02	0:41:08
-He also thought he was using -his money to promote Unitarianism.	0:41:08	0:41:13
-On the other hand, Iolo Morganwg -thought Owain had betrayed him...	0:41:13	0:41:17
-..and forgotten about his promise -to pay him an annual pension.	0:41:18	0:41:22
-The pair quarrelled -and never made up.	0:41:23	0:41:27
-Iolo never forgave anyone.	0:41:28	0:41:30
-He called Owain Myfyr -the Grand Deceiver.	0:41:30	0:41:33
-That's rich, coming from Iolo, -who knew how to deceive people!	0:41:33	0:41:37
-Despite their quarrels...	0:41:39	0:41:41
-..Iolo went on to establish one -of Wales' most vital institutions...	0:41:41	0:41:46
-..and our first national body.	0:41:46	0:41:49
-He did that -on this hill in north London.	0:41:49	0:41:52
-This is the best place to come...	0:41:53	0:41:55
-..for those who want -a spectacular view of London.	0:41:55	0:42:00
-It's easy to understand...	0:42:00	0:42:02
-..why Iolo Morganwg -came to Primrose Hill in 1792...	0:42:02	0:42:07
-..to hold an important event in -the history of the London Welsh...	0:42:07	0:42:11
-..and in the history -of Welsh culture.	0:42:11	0:42:14
-It was here that the Gorsedd -of the Bards was created.	0:42:14	0:42:18
-Iolo Morganwg -was ahead of his time.	0:42:19	0:42:22
-He was aware of the need -for Welsh institutions nationally.	0:42:22	0:42:26
-Almost a century before others -started similar campaigns...	0:42:26	0:42:31
-..Iolo demanded a national library, -a national museum...	0:42:31	0:42:35
-..and a Welsh university for Wales.	0:42:35	0:42:38
-When the Gorsedd of the Bards -was founded...	0:42:38	0:42:41
-..it was regarded as Wales' -first national institution.	0:42:41	0:42:45
-Establishing it in London -was part of his purposeful plan.	0:42:45	0:42:50
-It would ensure -that the Gorsedd, and Iolo...	0:42:50	0:42:53
-..would attract -as much attention as possible.	0:42:54	0:42:57
-Today, a special memorial...	0:43:00	0:43:02
-..commemorates Iolo's achievement -on Primrose Hill.	0:43:03	0:43:06
-It's the culmination -of years of hard work...	0:43:07	0:43:09
-..for Rhian Medi, -one of today's London Welsh.	0:43:09	0:43:13
-Why are you -so interested in Iolo Morganwg?	0:43:14	0:43:19
-It probably stems -from my childhood...	0:43:19	0:43:23
-..when I competed at eisteddfodau -at a young age.	0:43:23	0:43:27
-I won the Llwyd o'r Bryn award...	0:43:27	0:43:30
-..and I became -a member of the Gorsedd.	0:43:30	0:43:34
-Now that I live in London, -this place is very dear to me.	0:43:35	0:43:39
-I spend many a weekend -on this lovely hill.	0:43:40	0:43:44
-It seemed a pity -there was no memorial here.	0:43:44	0:43:47
-Was it a struggle?	0:43:48	0:43:50
-Yes, it was. It took me five years.	0:43:50	0:43:53
-I tried to seek public support -as well as financial support.	0:43:53	0:43:58
-I also had to win over -the Royal Parks.	0:43:58	0:44:02
-It was quite a challenge...	0:44:03	0:44:05
-..bearing in mind -that Iolo himself was a republican!	0:44:05	0:44:10
-Of course!	0:44:10	0:44:11
-That's an element in the story.	0:44:11	0:44:13
-Many who realized that -took a big gulp, I'm sure!	0:44:13	0:44:17
-The fact that you succeeded -is a remarkable achievement.	0:44:17	0:44:21
-As we all know, -memorials are rare in these parks.	0:44:21	0:44:25
-When Elfyn Llwyd and I -met the Parks' chief executive...	0:44:25	0:44:30
-..he told us -that his answer was usually no...	0:44:30	0:44:33
-..but on this occasion he said yes.	0:44:33	0:44:36
-Victory!	0:44:36	0:44:38
-Yes, and it's important to me...	0:44:38	0:44:41
-..that there's Welsh here -at the top of the hill.	0:44:41	0:44:44
-I think Iolo would have liked that.	0:44:44	0:44:45
-I think Iolo would have liked that. - -Iolo would have been delighted.	0:44:45	0:44:48
-I doubt he'd believe -that centuries later...	0:44:48	0:44:51
-..his presence is still here.	0:44:51	0:44:53
-Here we are, Rhian, -the memorial itself.	0:45:00	0:45:03
-I have to say, it's wonderful.	0:45:03	0:45:05
-Yes, it's fantastic.	0:45:06	0:45:07
-The slate -is from Blaenau Ffestiniog.	0:45:09	0:45:11
-The stone, from Moelfre, -was a favourite of his.	0:45:11	0:45:15
-He compared this stone -to Italian Carrara marble.	0:45:15	0:45:18
-He wasn't a big fan of North Wales.	0:45:18	0:45:20
-He wasn't a big fan of North Wales. - -He wouldn't have liked me at all!	0:45:20	0:45:22
-But I have to say, -it fills me with great pride...	0:45:24	0:45:27
-..to think that people -from all over the world come here...	0:45:28	0:45:32
-..and see an element -of pure Welshness on Primrose Hill.	0:45:32	0:45:36
-And the symbols and the motto -"The truth against the world."	0:45:36	0:45:40
-Well done. Congratulations.	0:45:40	0:45:41
-Well done. Congratulations. - -Thank you.	0:45:41	0:45:43
-A few miles from Primrose Hill...	0:45:58	0:46:01
-..in this narrow street -in the heart of London...	0:46:01	0:46:04
-..a small group of Welsh people -shared a very different experience.	0:46:05	0:46:09
-This is Cock Lane, -where the foundations...	0:46:09	0:46:13
-..of the first Welsh chapel -in London lie.	0:46:13	0:46:16
-It's a remarkable story about -a preacher who kept a tavern...	0:46:16	0:46:21
-..fierce squabbling...	0:46:21	0:46:23
-..and a rising number -of Welsh chapels across this city.	0:46:23	0:46:27
-That will be our focus next time.	0:46:27	0:46:30
-We'll look -at a century of commerce...	0:46:33	0:46:37
-..which attracted drovers from Wales -and female gardeners to London.	0:46:37	0:46:42
-We'll also visit the urban home of -one of the era's wealthiest men...	0:46:42	0:46:46
-..and study the architecture -of a man from West Wales...	0:46:47	0:46:51
-..who designed some -of London's most famous streets.	0:46:51	0:46:55
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:47:23	0:47:25
-.	0:47:26	0:47:26

Pennod 1 Huw Edwards a Stori Cymry Llundain

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Huw Edwards a Stori Cymry Llundain

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