Episode 23 Inside Out

change the constitution to sit the real election. -- to sit for

re-election. And now, time for Inside Out.

Hello. What Happens When One Of The South's Busiest Roads Meets One Of

The World's Most Important Landscapes?

I cannot see a worse place for the tunnel to come out where it is.

Also coming up, how people with dementia are using music to help

them cope with their condition. It makes you feel good to play,

because they are not worried whether you play the wrong note or nothing,

which happens quite a bit anyway. And butterfly expert and enthusiast

Matthew Oates takes us on a tour of the cell. No less than 46 of the 59

species in the UK have been found here. That is mega.

Plans to re-route the tunnel at Stonehenge have seen since serious

opposition, not least from the woman who farms the tunnel will go. Far,

she has refused speaker. Until now. Stonehenge is one of our top tourist

attractions. That noise is the A303, the main route from Cornwall to

London. About 24,000 vehicles a day on this

road, going up to 30,000 in the summer, but not good for road users,

it is not good for local residents, and it is not good for the setting

of this World Heritage Site. Now a ?1.4 billion scheme to rewrote

the road through a tunnel and make is a jewelled carriageway has been

given the go-ahead. You would think that was the perfect solution,

right? It is a total catastrophe. The plans

recommended by highways England and the government are for an eight

metre high fly over, just about 300 metres from where we are standing.

It is a modern scar on an ancient landscape. It breaks my heart, it

breaks my heart. So why are they so against the

scheme? I've come to Wiltshire Museum in Devizes. These artefacts

are more than 4000 years old. This dagger is astounding. It is

difficult to see, but the original had 140,000 tiny gold studs. They

were found buried with a Bronze Age chieftain in a grave known as a

barrow about half a mile south of Stonehenge. He has been hell would

become known as Bush Barrow Man. The West End of the tunnel was planned

to pass close to his grave. These images give us an idea of what is

proposed, but what does it look like in real life?

I have come to see. This is Rachel. Bush Barrow is on her farm. It is

one of many barrows she looked after. She sees herself as a

custodian, and has adapted the way she farms around them.

We GRASSED a proportion of the far end of the farm, because there was

archaeology. Two to is among one of 40 year.

A303 is the key monument in the cemetery.

Underneath here is still Bush Barrow Man. They removed all the parts and

gold and exciting bits of pieces, so yes, it is quite exciting to think

that Bush Barrow Man is still under our feet. Stonehenge over there, and

you can see the tunnel will come underneath, it will come out in the

field we see opposite us, where the scars are on the field.

How big a role we took me about? Massive. Four carriageways.

People are going to say that you just don't want this on your land.

I just think it is so important that enough consideration is given as to

sensitively putting this road in the Ireland. It has to be sensitive, not

in front of Bush Barrow Man. The high value of gold found in this

barrow make it Britain's richest Bronze Age burial. But there is

another place close to the east end of the tunnel that experts are

worried will also be damaged by the plan. Until recently, this area of

woodland two miles from Stonehenge had largely been ignored by

archaeologists. Its true significance is only now being

revealed. We discovered where the communities

were living who had Ilton the first monument at Stonehenge and the

Stonehenge Knoll, and we know that they are living here around 8000 BC,

and these communities come back again and again all the way through

to 4000 BC. This site is now thought to be the

longest continually inhabited place in the UK. David led a team of

archaeologists on a date here in 2014. They found around 32,000

pieces of worked flint and more than 1000 pieces of animal bone. But the

secret of this place is in the water. It is warmed by a natural

spring, meaning it did not freeze during the ice age, and that brought

people to settle here. So this is it. This is Bleak Mead,

where we have been digging over the last ten years.

The basin behind us has got shed loads of archaeology in it.

So what percentage of this have you excavated and found?

A tiny percentage. We have died in total 20 metres square. Everywhere

We Go gear, we're finding really important archaeology. -- we have

done 20 metres square. They will be a flyover about 300 metres from

where we're standing to the east, and I will be eight metres high. If

that was not bad enough, the road here is going to be banked up

another seven metres. All of that logistical work will drain the

spring and take down the water table, which is preserving all of

these objects which are thousands of years old.

The road has got to go somewhere, hasn't it?

It has got to go somewhere, but why does it have to go here? This is one

of the most precious landscapes in the world.

So what is the man in charge of the road scheme have to say about

David's and Rachel's fears? My team have gone and visited Bleak

Mead's site with the professor to hear what he is saying.

Across the road, we have got Bush Barrow. The owner of the land says

having the tunnel will actually impact on the World Heritage Site.

I have met Mrs Hayes. We are listening to what she is saying, and

the other 900 bits of correspondent we have had to our consultation.

Will you change your plans if it does not work out?

We are still in consultation, analysing all those consultations,

and taking a view on the best way forward.

Earlier this month, more than 20 eminent archaeologists and

historians registered their objections to the scheme. They

echoed those of Rachel and Professor Jacks, but they are also concerned

that the tunnel entrance near to Bush Barrow will destroy the views

of the winter sunset, now thought to be fundamental to the Stones

positioning. The final plan for the proposed tunnel is expected in the

autumn. Building work is scheduled to start in 2020.

Next, the power of music really can be quite remarkable. As one group of

people in Dorset has been finding out. Margaret Stark plays the violin

with the University Dementia Care Bicester. We dropped in with them.

We have got a concert next week, haven't we? Are we going to play

this in the concert? Shall we play some music? We will go E J. You

decide. Top strength. I think G. Nothing, we tend to go...

Welcome to my orchestra. You should hear the Perlin Philharmonic do

this! Some of us have dementia, and some

of us are carers. Great! Fantastic. That is Joanne

David. Their partners don't come any more,

but they still join us every week. One, two, three...

It is all a bit emotional for me at the moment. I am sorry. I lost my

husband a year ago tomorrow. But he loved it, he absolutely loved it,

didn't he? Yes. That's why I still come.

My wife came up until the end of the year. She is too ill now to come,

but she spent every session just read in smiles and lifted by the

whole thing. Great to see her enjoying it.

Kind of like a family, really, now, if they want to pick it up. It is

astonishing how it brings us all together.

There is me and my husband Mike. Can you guess which of us has dementia?

That is one of the best things about the orchestra. When we are playing,

all of that melts away. You see, dementia is difficult, but it

doesn't mean you can't have fun or take on new challenges, even the

violin. One lady this week, she was

thoroughly enjoying it. Her face, I made you turn around and look at

her, and it was lovely. Quite true. We are able to chat together and

swap, you know, how is your husband, how is he doing? We reassure each

other that we are not alone. What is happening, we are not imagining. It

is part of the problem that we have. Everybody is so nice, and also, a

lot of them are in the same boat as what I am, you know, but luckily, I

have only got it slight at the moment. And just keeping my fingers

crossed that it does not get any worse.

It can be very annoying, because you try and remember things, and

unfortunately, unless it stands out, I am afraid it goes to the back of

your mind. And it can be quite annoying, I can assure you. Yes. It

makes you feel good that they... You know, they are not worried whether

you play the Ron Noades or anything, which happens quite a bit anyway! --

the wrong note. Hillary also has the early stages of

dementia. She doesn't let it get her down. I went to see the consultant

and I said, I keep losing memory. I can't remember people's names, and

it's not that bad, you know. I was borderline. And they said, well, I

said, can I have a scan? And they said, you want a scan? And I said,

yes I want to know what is going on, and they found that the rain was...

Shrinking, did he say? -- of the brain.

When I see the poor folks at the university, I think how sad for

them, because they must have gone a long time.

They can't speak, but they do smile about. They can't have a

conversation. You just cannot realise how they think about is what

they feel. It is just something that is there.

Several times through the week, he will start chanting, ooh, ah,

Cantona! So it is not a thing that just happens on the day. We will

think about is whether the times during the week.

This is the last time. Fantastic. Well done, everyone.

Fantastic. Today is a big day. We are putting

on a concert for a live audience. We perform regularly, to prove to

others what people with dementia are capable of. Learning, performing,

and drawing crowds. We might not be the greatest musicians, but with the

professionals alongside us, we do make a good sound.

Sometimes, it goes wrong, and it sounds better, if you see what I

mean. And can we keep that bit in?! So, it will go wrong. Inevitably, it

will go wrong. It has brought me out a little bit more.

Not so withdrawn or anything like that. I don't know what is going to

happen, so I just lived life to the full.

You can't tell when he is strumming his ukelele, but Richard is the

player with the most advanced dementia.

The days he isn't out, if we aren't doing anything, he just sits in a

chair, head and chest, and nods, and it is just so awful. It can be

tough. It can be tough. I get quite emotional at times. I could now, but

I won't let myself! Just not strong mentally, and that isn't me, but it

is the situation we are in. It isn't one you expect. It is very

debilitating, and wipes out everything, wipes or memories of the

days, the nice times you have had, all gone. He is a lovely man. So,

yes. We're just to be together. -- glad to be together.

It is a bit worrying for both visibly see one that is a bit

further on, and you say, help, I hope not.

Very difficult not to surmise that you will be like that later.

Now, finally, it is just over 250 years since the famous naturalist

Gilbert White recorded the first butterfly in Hampshire, and that's a

good enough excuse to ask expert Matthew Oates about these colourful

wonders of nature. Butterflies captivated me as a

child, and that fascination blossomed and became my life's work.

They have been admired, collected and recorded in southern England for

250 years. Each summer, I try to visit as many of the special places

where our rarer butterflies occur. Today, Selbourne is a place of

pilgrimage for naturalist. They are attracted here by the memory, the

living memory of the reverend Gilbert White, the four --

forefather of natural history. This is where it all started. The first

record of a butterfly in Hampshire was of a male brimstone seen on

March eight, 1766, by the reverend Gilbert White here in Selbourne in

Hampshire. A -- White regarded the Brimstone as the harbinger of

spring, and even today, it is a butterfly that people diligently

look out for the first of spring. There are the familiar butterflies.

We may not know all their names, but we know them for what they are, the

souls of summer hours. I'm talking about garden butterflies

like peacocks, small tortoiseshell and red Admiral. There are many less

well-known butterflies, many of which are specialists of central

southern England. They have dazzling names and belong to strange named

families, like the skippers, which have fiery darts that wish whipped

around at great speed. And the hare streams, which are rather elusive.

On the Downs, there are the exquisite chalk hill and done this

blues. Beautiful blue butterflies. And in the woods, the big, bold and

brassy fritillaries. Many of these butterflies are quite rare in

restricted to certain places due to their specific needs, and some of

those places have become our nature reserves. Just outside the village

of Selbourne is this nature reserve at Norhill, one of the best loved

butterfly localities in the British Isles. No less than 46 of the 53

specialties of butterfly record and regularly in the UK have been found

here within the last 40 years. That is mega!

Butterflies love heart, sunny weather in spring and summer. --

hot. 40 years ago was the long, hot summer of 1976, where we briefly

experienced a Mediterranean climate, and butterflies that year abounded.

They are creatures of the sun. One particular sun loving speciality

is found at Norhill during the spring. His Grace the Duke of

Burgundy. I spent many years studying this little butterfly. It

is a thug and a bully boy, but it is one of my favourites. If you have

spent time searching the vegetation carefully, you might find the Duke

and Duchess together. As soon as she is ready to fly, her Grace the

Duchess of Burgundy gravitates into male territory. There, she will be

ardently and instantly mated. There is no courtship in this species

whatsoever. Crucially, each species of butterfly needs a certain plant

species on which to lay its eggs, and her Grace needs cowslips and

primroses. Here in the New Forest, the Duke of

Burgundy became extinct three or four decades ago. But for about 150

years, the New Forest was the premier locality in Britain for

butterfly collecting, and the old collectors during the Victorian and

Edwardian eras in particular, but way into the early 1960s, used to

come here in droves, particularly in July. They were especially

interested in the silver washed fritillary. And the green coloured

form. And they collected drawers full, cabinets full. And they reside

still in museums today. Servicing the collecting obsession

was a major local industry in the forest, for about 150 years, in

terms of providing board and lodging, food and drink, transport

and guides, and also, dealers and breeders who sold unusual specimens,

dead or alive, too often rather gullible collectors.

In bygone days, many of the New Forest Woods looked like this.

Butterfly paradise. After the First World War, many of

the New Forest's oak woods were clear felled and replaced with

fast-growing, non-native conifers in a glorious experiment of which our

butterflies were unscheduled victims. The conifer words are too

shady, and otherwise unsuitable, for most butterflies. National policy

has now changed, gloriously. The policy is to restore broadleaf

woodland long-term and also to remove altogether some conifer

plantations and restore the land to open heathlands.

The open heaths of the New Forest, Purbeck, Hampshire and the Western

Weald are renowned for their specialist Flora and fauna,

including the exquisite minuscule silver studded blue, a sapphire

jewel of a little butterfly. There is much we can do to help our

so-called garden butterflies. These are highly mobile creatures that

drift around both the countryside and the towns, constantly seeking

new places in which to breed, and it is really important to give them

feeding stations along their way. There is no better way of doing that

then by growing bubbly is in your garden, and the good news is that

bubbly is come in all shapes and sizes nowadays. -- buddleias. There

are even tiny patio tubs buddleias, and they work. They attract

butterflies, bees, and at night, moths. Mobility is everything to

butterflies, and wildlife friendly gardening really does help that.

Butterfly populations boom and bust and air band flow according to the

diktats of the weather, and if we have learnt anything about

butterflies over the last 250 years, it is that we love them, we care

deeply about them, we value them for their beauty, for the special places

they take us to, and as symbols of freedom.

Butterflies need us, and we need them.

Well, that is it for now, and indeed, for the series. We are back

on BBC One in the autumn. Until then, bye-bye.

Good afternoon. It is the 1st of April, and appropriately, we have

quite a few showers in the forecast. Some sunshine as well, but when

showers come along, they could be heavy. We thoroughly seen a few

rumbles