Y Cherokee ‹ Iolo ac Indiaid America

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-888 - -888	0:00:00	0:00:02
-I'm Iolo Williams and I'm travelling -across North America...	0:00:04	0:00:09
-..visiting Native American tribes -from the Navajo to the Cherokee...	0:00:09	0:00:15
-..from the wild west -to the mountains of the north.	0:00:16	0:00:19
-These were the inhabitants -of this incredible continent.	0:00:19	0:00:23
-I'm here to learn about the people, -their culture, language...	0:00:24	0:00:28
-..spiritual beliefs -and harmony with nature.	0:00:29	0:00:32
-I want to know what we can learn -from this unique way of life.	0:00:34	0:00:38
-Join me on a journey of discovery...	0:00:38	0:00:41
-..across one of the world's -most striking continents.	0:00:42	0:00:45
-This is the story of a noted tribe -of Native Americans...	0:00:56	0:01:00
-..and their battle to defend -their culture and language.	0:01:00	0:01:04
-From a tragic past -to an uncertain future...	0:01:04	0:01:06
-..I explore their affinity -with their homeland.	0:01:07	0:01:11
-In the mountains and on water...	0:01:11	0:01:14
-..I discover how these people -maintain their unique way of life.	0:01:14	0:01:19
-From the Chief to the hunter, -the old to the young...	0:01:20	0:01:23
-..you'll see how the warrior spirit -lives on in this incredible tribe.	0:01:23	0:01:28
-Welcome to the world -of the Cherokee.	0:01:29	0:01:31
-There is something magical -about North Carolina's landscape.	0:01:34	0:01:39
-Its dense forests -teem with wildlife...	0:01:39	0:01:42
-..and cover -the extensive Smoky Mountains.	0:01:42	0:01:47
-As I begin my journey -into their world...	0:01:48	0:01:50
-..I imagine how the tribe -would have lived through the ages.	0:01:51	0:01:55
-The Cherokee hail -from south-eastern America...	0:01:58	0:02:02
-..but they are well known -throughout the world.	0:02:03	0:02:06
-Legend has it that the tribe -was put on earth...	0:02:06	0:02:09
-..to guard the sacred mound -of Kituwah.	0:02:09	0:02:12
-Small communities of hunters and -craftsmen traded with other tribes.	0:02:12	0:02:18
-The white man was once welcomed -but that welcome was betrayed.	0:02:19	0:02:24
-Cruelly, the indigenous people -were forced out of their homeland.	0:02:24	0:02:29
-Thousands died -during their relocation.	0:02:29	0:02:33
-It's a period in history -known as the Trail of Tears.	0:02:34	0:02:37
-The population was forced to migrate -to the state of Oklahoma.	0:02:38	0:02:43
-Survivors of the original tribe -are still here...	0:02:44	0:02:47
-..at the foot -of the Smoky Mountains.	0:02:47	0:02:50
-This is the town of Cherokee.	0:02:56	0:02:58
-It's the main centre -for the Eastern Band of Cherokees.	0:02:58	0:03:02
-I can't wait to finally meet -the tribe I've heard so much about.	0:03:02	0:03:07
-RHYTHMIC DRUMMING AND CHANTING	0:03:08	0:03:10
-This is a Native American show.	0:03:11	0:03:13
-It's very artificial, -to be honest with you.	0:03:13	0:03:17
-Thank you for the dance!	0:03:36	0:03:39
-Now we got another dance.	0:03:39	0:03:41
-We come out here seven days a week.	0:03:41	0:03:44
-I don't know what to say. -Pathetic is the only word for it.	0:03:45	0:03:48
-It was pitiful.	0:03:49	0:03:50
-The two of them dancing, -well, if I can call it dancing.	0:03:51	0:03:54
-The girl was doing something -that resembled Irish dancing...	0:03:55	0:03:58
-..and I don't know -what he was doing.	0:03:59	0:04:01
-He just shook for 30 seconds -and said thank you.	0:04:01	0:04:05
-I could do that. -I thought it was very disappointing.	0:04:05	0:04:09
-I felt as though -they were denigrating the tribe.	0:04:09	0:04:13
-The only way to describe it -is pathetic.	0:04:13	0:04:16
-I know that everybody -has to earn a living...	0:04:16	0:04:20
-..but that was absolutely shocking.	0:04:21	0:04:23
-This place is a combination -of Rhyl and Betws-y-Coed.	0:04:32	0:04:35
-Betws-y-Coed -because of the beautiful location...	0:04:36	0:04:39
-..and Rhyl because of the tat.	0:04:40	0:04:42
-It's like going to the fairground.	0:04:42	0:04:44
-When you go to the fair, -you win something worthless...	0:04:45	0:04:48
-..but you take it home all the same.	0:04:49	0:04:51
-There's plenty -of worthless tat here.	0:04:51	0:04:54
-I feel very uneasy about it.	0:04:54	0:04:58
-It's as if you're sacrificing -your legacy in some way.	0:04:59	0:05:03
-Selling your soul to the devil.	0:05:03	0:05:05
-The town has been transformed...	0:05:09	0:05:11
-..by the opening of a huge casino -in the late 1990s.	0:05:12	0:05:15
-It was once a poor place...	0:05:16	0:05:18
-..reliant on seasonal tourists -for income.	0:05:18	0:05:21
-Since the casino opened, millions -of dollars have transformed the town.	0:05:22	0:05:27
-Where are you guys coming from?	0:05:27	0:05:29
-We're coming from Wales.	0:05:30	0:05:32
-Just when I thought things -couldn't get any worse...	0:05:32	0:05:36
-..I met a so-called Chief.	0:05:36	0:05:38
-..I met a so-called Chief. - -My brother over here.	0:05:38	0:05:40
-See, I used to dance with his dad -20 years ago.	0:05:40	0:05:45
-Then you move up to Chief, -like what I do...	0:05:46	0:05:49
-..and take pictures with the kids -and I make jewellery.	0:05:49	0:05:53
-And you entertain the tourists -by telling them tales?	0:05:53	0:05:57
-Yep. Do magic.	0:05:57	0:05:57
-Yep. Do magic. - -Posing for photos.	0:05:57	0:05:59
-Do you make a good living?	0:05:59	0:06:01
-Do you make a good living? - -Yeah, pretty good.	0:06:01	0:06:03
-Well done.	0:06:03	0:06:04
-I can't complain, -and I got the name Crazy Horse...	0:06:04	0:06:08
-..cos I got a whippin' every day.	0:06:08	0:06:10
-I didn't like doing homework.	0:06:10	0:06:12
-Well, you guys, it's Miller time. -I'm off.	0:06:13	0:06:17
-Good to see you, Crazy Horse. -Take care, boy.	0:06:17	0:06:21
-Whoo! He's off his head.	0:06:21	0:06:24
-You could smell the alcohol on him.	0:06:24	0:06:26
-Hey, is Wales in Scotland?	0:06:27	0:06:29
-No, it's part of the UK. England, -Scotland, Ireland and Wales.	0:06:29	0:06:34
-It's part of the UK.	0:06:34	0:06:36
-Cool beans.	0:06:36	0:06:37
-Cool beans. - -Yeah, that's it.	0:06:37	0:06:39
-I've been strolling up and down here -for an hour or two...	0:06:39	0:06:45
-..and I haven't heard anyone -speaking the language.	0:06:45	0:06:49
-I've yet to meet a real Cherokee.	0:06:49	0:06:51
-I don't expect them to be -walking around in their costumes.	0:06:52	0:06:56
-This place -is full of pretend Cherokees.	0:06:57	0:07:01
-Tourist Cherokees.	0:07:01	0:07:03
-I'm glad to leave and I'm on my way -to meet a real Chief.	0:07:09	0:07:14
-After seeing the town, -I'm not sure what to expect.	0:07:15	0:07:19
-I find him and some of his friends -working hard in a vegetable garden.	0:07:19	0:07:24
-Chief! Good to meet you.	0:07:24	0:07:26
-Iolo. Hiya.	0:07:26	0:07:28
-What are these, potatoes?	0:07:29	0:07:30
-What are these, potatoes? - -Potatoes, yeah.	0:07:30	0:07:33
-He explains that he's a kind -of president of the Cherokees...	0:07:33	0:07:37
-..an official nation within the USA.	0:07:37	0:07:40
-He learnt about business and wealth -in New York...	0:07:40	0:07:44
-..and returned home to lead -his tribe in a new direction.	0:07:44	0:07:48
-But in the modern world, -is there room for old traditions?	0:07:48	0:07:52
-Our goal today -is to make sure that we realize...	0:07:52	0:07:55
-..that the language -is the number one priority...	0:07:56	0:07:59
-..and of course, -our culture and traditions.	0:07:59	0:08:02
-To make sure that we're putting -resources in the right place.	0:08:03	0:08:07
-Teachers, not only in the Cherokee -school system, but elsewhere.	0:08:07	0:08:12
-We want to give Indian students -a proper opportunity...	0:08:12	0:08:16
-..to learn the language.	0:08:16	0:08:18
-Meeting the man is a privilege.	0:08:18	0:08:20
-I couldn't help comparing the Chief -to President Obama.	0:08:20	0:08:24
-Thanks for sparing some time today.	0:08:25	0:08:27
-Could we meet up later in the week -once I've seen a bit more?	0:08:27	0:08:31
-I would hope so.	0:08:32	0:08:33
-You might be interested -in going turkey hunting.	0:08:34	0:08:37
-You have to get up early.	0:08:37	0:08:39
-I have to admit, when I knew -I was coming to meet the Chief...	0:08:40	0:08:44
-..stupidly, -I expected to see someone...	0:08:44	0:08:48
-..dressed in the full regalia, -with all the feathers.	0:08:48	0:08:52
-Of course, that's stupid of me.	0:08:53	0:08:55
-He's a politician, so you'd expect -a suit and tie, perhaps.	0:08:56	0:09:01
-But fair play to him, -he's a man of the people.	0:09:01	0:09:04
-He comes gardening here -almost every night.	0:09:04	0:09:07
-I've also been invited -to go hunting with him.	0:09:07	0:09:10
-I've never seen a wild turkey, -and I want to see one.	0:09:11	0:09:14
-I have nothing against hunting...	0:09:14	0:09:17
-..but I definitely -won't be shooting a turkey.	0:09:17	0:09:20
-Though the Cherokee have forgiven...	0:09:26	0:09:29
-..they haven't forgotten their past.	0:09:29	0:09:32
-Primary school head teacher Gill...	0:09:32	0:09:35
-..is eager to tell me more -about the history.	0:09:35	0:09:39
-HE SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE	0:09:40	0:09:42
-Good, thanks.	0:09:43	0:09:44
-The river has always been central -to the Cherokee's life.	0:09:49	0:09:53
-They were masters of the canoe -and supreme fishermen...	0:09:53	0:09:57
-..and travelled long distances -to hunt and sell goods.	0:09:57	0:10:01
-There's no better way -to enjoy wildlife.	0:10:04	0:10:07
-As I canoe down the river -in this traditional way...	0:10:12	0:10:15
-..I travel back in time.	0:10:15	0:10:18
-We reach the sacred mound of Cowee.	0:10:18	0:10:21
-This place was lost -to the white man many years ago.	0:10:21	0:10:25
-More recently, -salt was rubbed into the wound.	0:10:25	0:10:29
-This is sacred ground -for the Cherokee.	0:10:30	0:10:34
-This was a large community. -More than 100 families lived here.	0:10:34	0:10:38
-The tribe bought back the land -after the white man took it from us.	0:10:39	0:10:47
-This is your land...	0:10:48	0:10:50
-..and it's tragic -that you've had to buy it back.	0:10:50	0:10:55
-It's not unusual, but how can you -put a price on heritage?	0:10:55	0:11:06
-There's an atmosphere -in these places.	0:11:15	0:11:18
-I wanted to describe to you -how it might have looked.	0:11:18	0:11:23
-We're going back 2,000 years...	0:11:23	0:11:27
-..a time when the Romans -had conquered Britain.	0:11:27	0:11:32
-At that time, here at the summit...	0:11:32	0:11:35
-..there would have been -a huge house...	0:11:35	0:11:39
-..where 500 people would have lived.	0:11:39	0:11:42
-The village itself would have been -on the lowland below us...	0:11:43	0:11:47
-..all the way across to here.	0:11:47	0:11:51
-Some 400-500 people -would have lived here.	0:11:51	0:11:54
-The river encompasses this area, -so it was easy to defend.	0:11:54	0:12:00
-The river was the main route -out of here to Tennessee...	0:12:00	0:12:05
-..Carolina and beyond.	0:12:05	0:12:08
-They could travel -for hundreds of miles.	0:12:08	0:12:11
-They would grow crops of beans -and suchlike down there.	0:12:11	0:12:16
-The town square...	0:12:16	0:12:18
-..would have been over there...	0:12:18	0:12:21
-..where the children -would have played.	0:12:21	0:12:24
-It's hard to believe now, -but it was in this very spot...	0:12:24	0:12:29
-..500 years ago...	0:12:29	0:12:32
-..that they met the white man -for the first time.	0:12:32	0:12:37
-.	0:12:39	0:12:39
-888	0:12:43	0:12:43
-888 - -888	0:12:43	0:12:45
-I'm on a journey into the unique -world of the Cherokee.	0:12:46	0:12:50
-The tribe has experienced -great upheaval...	0:12:51	0:12:54
-..and the language has suffered -as a consequence.	0:12:54	0:12:57
-Only 1% of the population -now speaks the mother tongue.	0:12:57	0:13:01
-This is a brand new primary school.	0:13:01	0:13:04
-It was paid for by the revenue -from the casino.	0:13:04	0:13:08
-With the language -in a such a vulnerable state...	0:13:08	0:13:12
-..its future is here.	0:13:12	0:13:14
-Until the age of six, pupils are -educated in the Cherokee language.	0:13:14	0:13:18
-I'm going to find out -what goes on here.	0:13:19	0:13:21
-This incredible school -was opened in 2009.	0:13:29	0:13:32
-Everything here is brand new -and no expense has been spared.	0:13:33	0:13:37
-These are the best resources -I've ever seen in any school.	0:13:37	0:13:41
-Another government threat -to Native Americans...	0:13:42	0:13:46
-..came in the late 19th century.	0:13:47	0:13:49
-A generation of Cherokee children -were taken from their families...	0:13:49	0:13:54
-..and forced to attend -English-only boarding schools.	0:13:54	0:13:58
-Their culture suffered and it was -a catastrophe for the language.	0:13:58	0:14:03
-Today, the great-grandchildren -of that generation are fighting back.	0:14:03	0:14:07
-They are the language's future.	0:14:08	0:14:11
-It's nice to come to school -and hear nothing but Cherokee.	0:14:11	0:14:15
-When I was a schoolboy in Llanwddyn, -Welsh was the only language spoken.	0:14:16	0:14:21
-But that all changed and English -became the dominant language.	0:14:23	0:14:29
-They're calling me a name -which means bogeyman!	0:14:32	0:14:36
-HE ROARS	0:14:41	0:14:43
-I spend more time with them -doing various activities.	0:14:44	0:14:48
-A nature trail -to learn about plants...	0:14:48	0:14:51
-..and even a dance lesson.	0:14:51	0:14:54
-I'm led to a language lesson...	0:15:02	0:15:05
-..and I notice immediately -that they take their work seriously.	0:15:05	0:15:10
-This is my Cherokee room.	0:15:10	0:15:12
-English stops here.	0:15:12	0:15:15
-Thank you.	0:15:16	0:15:17
-CHILDREN SING ALPHABET	0:15:24	0:15:26
-SHE SPEAKS CHEROKEE	0:15:41	0:15:43
-This is a lesson on the alphabet.	0:15:43	0:15:46
-Their alphabet -is so different from ours.	0:15:46	0:15:50
-I'm going to join in with them.	0:15:53	0:15:55
-Not a word of English is spoken -in the classroom.	0:15:55	0:15:59
-It's OK for me to speak Welsh...	0:15:59	0:16:01
-..but no English, -which is a good thing.	0:16:02	0:16:05
-That's the only way these children -are going to learn the language.	0:16:05	0:16:10
-This is difficult. -There are more than 80 characters.	0:16:23	0:16:27
-Some of them are syllables too. -It's a difficult language.	0:16:27	0:16:31
-Participating in the lesson...	0:16:31	0:16:34
-..makes me realize -the school's importance.	0:16:35	0:16:38
-They are so close -to losing their language.	0:16:38	0:16:41
-This is the future.	0:16:41	0:16:43
-HE SINGS ALPHABET IN CHEROKEE	0:16:47	0:16:49
-While the lesson continues, -I'm going to talk to the teacher.	0:16:54	0:17:00
-It must be wonderful for you...	0:17:00	0:17:02
-..to be able to speak -to the children in your own language.	0:17:03	0:17:06
-It's a pleasure hearing my mother -tongue spoken by the children.	0:17:07	0:17:12
-It's heart-warming.	0:17:13	0:17:16
-When I was young, I feared -that the language would die...	0:17:19	0:17:23
-..but now we're entering -a period of hope in our history.	0:17:23	0:17:27
-Thank you.	0:17:32	0:17:33
-Imagine if there were only -300 people left in Wales...	0:17:43	0:17:47
-..who could speak the language.	0:17:47	0:17:49
-Imagine how you'd feel after making -the effort to teach your children...	0:17:50	0:17:55
-..and learning it at home -and at school, only for it to vanish.	0:17:55	0:18:00
-We'd lose a huge part of what -makes us Welsh, what sets us apart.	0:18:00	0:18:05
-It's understandable -why it means so much to her.	0:18:05	0:18:09
-I haven't had a language lesson -in 20 years...	0:18:16	0:18:18
-..and this is my second of the day.	0:18:19	0:18:21
-I came to this cafe for a cuppa...	0:18:22	0:18:24
-..and there's a language lesson -going on in the back.	0:18:24	0:18:28
-A young boy -is giving a Cherokee lesson...	0:18:28	0:18:31
-..to a group of people, -some part-Cherokee, some white.	0:18:31	0:18:37
-It's great to see a night school -for adults.	0:18:37	0:18:40
-I ask the young teacher -about the Cherokee culture.	0:18:51	0:18:55
-He explains the ancient game -of Indian stickball.	0:18:55	0:18:59
-It's physical game -once used as training for battle.	0:18:59	0:19:03
-There's hardly any rules -in the game.	0:19:03	0:19:06
-The last game they played -before it was stopped...	0:19:07	0:19:10
-..fourteen people died in the game.	0:19:10	0:19:12
-So you still play the game now?	0:19:13	0:19:14
-So you still play the game now? - -Yes. I'm on my way after this.	0:19:14	0:19:17
-Would you like to come?	0:19:17	0:19:19
-I'd love to come along -and have a look. You don't mind?	0:19:19	0:19:24
-That's fine.	0:19:24	0:19:25
-That's fine. - -Fantastic.	0:19:25	0:19:26
-Do you want to follow me up there?	0:19:28	0:19:30
-Great. Thank you.	0:19:30	0:19:32
-There are the lads. There's quite -a few of them sweating!	0:19:36	0:19:40
-They're big lads too.	0:19:41	0:19:43
-Well-built lads.	0:19:43	0:19:45
-I soon realize -that I'm not here to watch.	0:19:47	0:19:51
-Bruce, the leader, -makes his way over.	0:19:52	0:19:54
-His body is covered -in warrior tattoos...	0:19:55	0:19:58
-..and he's missing most of his teeth.	0:19:58	0:20:01
-Ancient rules prohibit me -from stepping onto the field...	0:20:01	0:20:05
-..until I'm bare-chested.	0:20:05	0:20:07
-And my watch?	0:20:07	0:20:09
-And my watch? - -You can leave it on...	0:20:09	0:20:11
-..but you'll be picking it up -at the pawnshop Monday morning.	0:20:11	0:20:15
-Only joking, man!	0:20:16	0:20:18
-OK.	0:20:18	0:20:19
-I walk onto the pitch, shoeless -and shirtless, armed with a stick.	0:20:23	0:20:29
-There's a real primitive feel -to it all.	0:20:29	0:20:32
-He ran over somebody the other day.	0:20:33	0:20:35
-The game has started.	0:20:36	0:20:39
-I'm lost among the cracking -of sticks and the war cries.	0:20:45	0:20:49
-Hey, Rugby!	0:20:49	0:20:51
-The aim is to run the ball -around your tree...	0:20:53	0:20:56
-..at the furthest end of the pitch.	0:20:56	0:20:59
-But it's easier said than done.	0:21:00	0:21:02
-Suddenly, we score.	0:21:03	0:21:05
-Is he on our team?	0:21:05	0:21:07
-Is he on our team? - -Yeah.	0:21:07	0:21:08
-I've always played rugby...	0:21:12	0:21:14
-..so I went in for the tackle.	0:21:14	0:21:16
-Get him, Rugby!	0:21:17	0:21:18
-Get him, Rugby! - -I'm known as Rugby from now on.	0:21:18	0:21:20
-But I make a mess of things -and get penalized.	0:21:20	0:21:23
-The game continues, hit after hit, -goal after goal.	0:21:28	0:21:32
-Suddenly, I get a run -and it's a great feeling.	0:21:32	0:21:36
-I soon get to grips with it -and it helps my confidence.	0:21:40	0:21:44
-Indian ball -is all about right there, boy.	0:21:44	0:21:47
-Watch his arm!	0:22:04	0:22:06
-Suddenly, one of the boys is down.	0:22:09	0:22:12
-Someone has been injured.	0:22:13	0:22:15
-These lads don't go down -for no reason. He's been hurt.	0:22:15	0:22:19
-Get under his arm. Pick him up.	0:22:19	0:22:23
-Come on, bring him over here.	0:22:23	0:22:25
-HE PANTS	0:22:25	0:22:27
-He's had quite a knock. -Two hefty lads jumped on him.	0:22:33	0:22:38
-Their size makes this -a really rough game.	0:22:38	0:22:41
-There's no holding back.	0:22:42	0:22:44
-After the game, -the adrenalin's pumping.	0:22:46	0:22:48
-The culture is alive, though none -of them speak the language.	0:22:49	0:22:53
-A giant of a player called Moose -tells me there's more to this game.	0:22:53	0:22:57
-Just to carry on the culture. -Can't be no warrior no more.	0:22:58	0:23:01
-This is the closest we can do.	0:23:02	0:23:04
-It's gotta be in here -to wanna be a ball player.	0:23:04	0:23:08
-You gotta have it in your heart.	0:23:08	0:23:10
-You gotta take the pounding, -you know.	0:23:10	0:23:13
-It's gotta be in your blood. -If it ain't, this ain't for you.	0:23:13	0:23:18
-Despite Moose's words, -the lads invite me...	0:23:18	0:23:22
-..to play in a proper game.	0:23:22	0:23:24
-You wanna play in the game with us?	0:23:24	0:23:27
-It would be a great honour. -Thank you very much indeed.	0:23:27	0:23:31
-They've invited me...	0:23:32	0:23:35
-..to play in a game -at tomorrow's festival.	0:23:35	0:23:38
-They've been training twice a week -for a month.	0:23:38	0:23:42
-I don't think they've invited me -because I'm a good player...	0:23:42	0:23:46
-..but they're a man down -since the lad was injured.	0:23:46	0:23:50
-It's a real honour.	0:23:50	0:23:52
-When I arrived in Cherokee -for the first time...	0:23:54	0:23:58
-..I thought that it was -a typical American town...	0:23:58	0:24:02
-..where they sell everything -and eat unhealthy fast food.	0:24:02	0:24:07
-But scrape beneath the surface -and there are characters here...	0:24:07	0:24:13
-..and people who are fighting...	0:24:14	0:24:16
-..to keep the language -and traditions going.	0:24:16	0:24:20
-Although many of them are teachers -and educated individuals...	0:24:20	0:24:25
-..it was refreshing -to meet these ordinary lads.	0:24:25	0:24:29
-They're playing their part too.	0:24:29	0:24:32
-The young ones don't realize it...	0:24:33	0:24:35
-..but they're definitely -playing their part.	0:24:35	0:24:38
-.	0:24:39	0:24:39
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-My journey into the unique world -of the Cherokee continues.	0:24:46	0:24:50
-At the start of the Victorian era, -when coal was king in Wales...	0:24:51	0:24:56
-..a massive influx of settlers -to America...	0:24:57	0:25:00
-..changed the Cherokees' lives -for ever.	0:25:00	0:25:03
-Driven by an insatiable desire -for wealth...	0:25:03	0:25:06
-..thousands joined the Gold Rush.	0:25:07	0:25:09
-One thing I've heard a lot about -is the Trail of Tears.	0:25:10	0:25:14
-I'm heading into this forest...	0:25:14	0:25:18
-..to see whether I can uncover -a part of this trail.	0:25:18	0:25:21
-The native tribes' land -was rich in gold.	0:25:24	0:25:28
-Greedy white men came here -from all four corners of the world.	0:25:28	0:25:33
-On 28th May, 1830, -the Indian Removal Act was passed.	0:25:33	0:25:39
-I think I'm in the right place -to see the Trail of Tears.	0:25:41	0:25:46
-It's up here somewhere in the trees.	0:25:46	0:25:49
-It was definitely the darkest time -in the Cherokee's history.	0:25:49	0:25:55
-People were forced out -of their homeland by the army...	0:26:01	0:26:05
-..and sent to live -on worthless land further west.	0:26:05	0:26:09
-After hearing so much about -the Trail of Tears...	0:26:11	0:26:16
-..it's strange to be here.	0:26:16	0:26:18
-In a way, -I feel as if I'm trespassing.	0:26:19	0:26:22
-Back in 1838, -hundreds of horses and carts...	0:26:22	0:26:27
-..would have squeezed through here -on the way to Oklahoma.	0:26:27	0:26:33
-Of the 16,000 that set off, -almost half of them died.	0:26:34	0:26:40
-They didn't just die -from starvation...	0:26:41	0:26:44
-..disease and hypothermia, -because they went in winter.	0:26:45	0:26:49
-Some died of broken hearts.	0:26:49	0:26:52
-The Cherokee strongly believe -that this is their spiritual home.	0:26:53	0:27:00
-This is where -they were destined to be.	0:27:01	0:27:03
-Taking them away from that -is almost like killing a nation.	0:27:04	0:27:08
-There were tragic consequences -to the Trail of Tears.	0:27:18	0:27:22
-The Cherokee -were forced into Oklahoma...	0:27:22	0:27:25
-..and they're still there -to this day.	0:27:25	0:27:28
-But before the removal, -a handful escaped to the mountains.	0:27:28	0:27:33
-The Eastern Band of Cherokee -are their descendants.	0:27:33	0:27:38
-But consider this.	0:27:38	0:27:40
-Before they were forced to leave, -the Cherokee's land...	0:27:40	0:27:45
-..stretched over eight states.	0:27:45	0:27:48
-By today...	0:27:48	0:27:50
-..that's all the land -they have left.	0:27:52	0:27:55
-That is less -than the size of Cardiff.	0:27:55	0:27:59
-Everything changed for the Cherokee -once the white man settled here.	0:28:07	0:28:12
-Everywhere you look, there are -symbols of one obvious change.	0:28:12	0:28:17
-Christianity.	0:28:18	0:28:20
-I've heard quite a bit -about Cherokee spirituality.	0:28:20	0:28:26
-A few have mentioned -that they believe in God...	0:28:26	0:28:29
-..as well as the Cherokee religion.	0:28:29	0:28:32
-I can't quite understand -how the two religions can coexist.	0:28:32	0:28:38
-I'm on my way to a church service -in the community of Snowbird...	0:28:40	0:28:44
-..a short distance -from the town of Cherokee.	0:28:44	0:28:47
-HYMN SINGING	0:28:48	0:28:50
-There are more than 20 different -religious denominations in the area.	0:28:50	0:28:56
-These days, Christianity -has a strong presence.	0:28:56	0:29:00
-At Zion Hill church, they worship -both in English and Cherokee.	0:29:07	0:29:13
-I want to understand the effect -that religion has on their lives.	0:29:13	0:29:17
-# Save me from all sin	0:29:17	0:29:19
-# Save me from all sin #	0:29:19	0:29:22
-It's a very American-looking church -with an evangelical atmosphere.	0:29:26	0:29:31
-HE SPEAKS CHEROKEE	0:29:32	0:29:34
-A complex myth about the creator -is central to the Cherokee religion.	0:29:38	0:29:43
-They believe that people -and animals live in harmony...	0:29:44	0:29:48
-..which is very different -from Christianity.	0:29:49	0:29:52
-MAN SINGS IN CHEROKEE	0:29:52	0:29:54
-Well...	0:30:31	0:30:33
-..either this is very different -from a chapel service at home...	0:30:33	0:30:37
-..or it's been a very long time -since I've been to chapel.	0:30:37	0:30:41
-It's nice, in a way.	0:30:41	0:30:44
-Each to their own.	0:30:44	0:30:47
-Some people -are obviously comforted by it.	0:30:47	0:30:50
-One man knelt down to pray -and he started crying...	0:30:50	0:30:55
-..and shouting things like, -"God, you're the only friend I have."	0:30:55	0:31:00
-He obviously finds comfort in this.	0:31:00	0:31:02
-I'd better be quiet now.	0:31:03	0:31:05
-The traditional religion -is obviously absent...	0:31:06	0:31:09
-..no matter in which language -they worship.	0:31:10	0:31:13
-Happy Mother's Day.	0:31:16	0:31:18
-Happy Mother's Day to you.	0:31:21	0:31:23
-That was quite an experience.	0:31:26	0:31:28
-I've seen that kind of thing -on television...	0:31:28	0:31:31
-..but I've never witnessed it myself.	0:31:31	0:31:34
-On the whole, I have to say -that it was a pleasant service.	0:31:36	0:31:41
-There was a lot of laughter and fun.	0:31:41	0:31:44
-It was very different from what -I was used to growing up...	0:31:44	0:31:48
-..when I just sat there quietly -and said nothing.	0:31:48	0:31:52
-It was very welcoming -in that respect.	0:31:52	0:31:56
-Before leaving, -I have a word with the minister.	0:31:56	0:32:00
-Is it possible to be a Christian...	0:32:00	0:32:02
-..as well as a believer -in the Cherokee religion?	0:32:03	0:32:06
-The Bible teaches us -to follow Jesus.	0:32:06	0:32:09
-Once you accept the Gospel, -you're reborn.	0:32:09	0:32:13
-This is the only way to salvation.	0:32:13	0:32:16
-It's difficult, -but you have to change direction...	0:32:17	0:32:21
-..and put aside the old beliefs -of our forefathers.	0:32:21	0:32:25
-We can't let anything -come between ourselves and Christ.	0:32:26	0:32:30
-So you're saying...	0:32:31	0:32:33
-..that if you strongly believe -in the old tradition...	0:32:34	0:32:38
-..you can't be a true Christian?	0:32:39	0:32:42
-Preacher, you're a good man.	0:32:43	0:32:45
-Thank you very much.	0:32:45	0:32:47
-That was an interesting conversation.	0:32:52	0:32:54
-I spoke to some of the church's -congregation after the service...	0:32:55	0:32:59
-..as well as the minister.	0:33:00	0:33:02
-They all told me -that you can't be a Christian...	0:33:02	0:33:06
-..and believe in Christ and God...	0:33:06	0:33:09
-..and also be a believer -in the Cherokee way of life.	0:33:09	0:33:13
-That makes me think.	0:33:13	0:33:16
-If you're a committed Christian...	0:33:16	0:33:20
-..and a Cherokee -who doesn't speak the language...	0:33:20	0:33:26
-..are you still a Cherokee?	0:33:28	0:33:32
-Perhaps not.	0:33:32	0:33:34
-.	0:33:41	0:33:41
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-Good morning.	0:33:50	0:33:51
-It's 5.00am and I'm taking -the Chief up on his offer...	0:33:51	0:33:56
-..to go hunting for wild turkeys.	0:33:56	0:33:59
-He's picking me up around 5.20am.	0:33:59	0:34:03
-I'll wait for him here.	0:34:04	0:34:06
-I've had a real insight -into the Cherokee way of life.	0:34:07	0:34:11
-But there is still a lot -I don't understand.	0:34:11	0:34:14
-Soon, the Chief, his father and his -hunting friends arrive in a 4x4.	0:34:14	0:34:19
-With our mugs of coffee, -we head off into the mountains.	0:34:19	0:34:23
-Let's go.	0:34:24	0:34:25
-We venture -deep into the pitch-black forest.	0:34:29	0:34:33
-The Chief tells me that the turkeys -move swiftly from valley to valley.	0:34:39	0:34:44
-There's no telling -where they'll be.	0:34:44	0:34:47
-We've been out here -for around half an hour.	0:34:47	0:34:51
-The Chief's father...	0:34:51	0:34:53
-..is able to imitate -the turkey call.	0:34:56	0:34:59
-He had a response early on -when it started getting light...	0:34:59	0:35:03
-..but nothing since then.	0:35:03	0:35:05
-They're now using a device.	0:35:05	0:35:07
-MECHANICAL TURKEY CALL	0:35:08	0:35:10
-It's exciting to see -the hunters at work.	0:35:21	0:35:25
-But despite their efforts, -there is no reply from the turkeys.	0:35:26	0:35:30
-As dawn breaks slowly...	0:35:34	0:35:36
-..we wait patiently -for any signs from the turkeys.	0:35:36	0:35:41
-They sense danger easily, -and I sense the Chief does too.	0:35:42	0:35:46
-I wait for the right time...	0:35:47	0:35:50
-..to probe the Chief -about his politics.	0:35:51	0:35:54
-Edible.	0:35:54	0:35:56
-A wild salad.	0:35:56	0:35:58
-Is it?	0:35:58	0:35:59
-With no turkeys in sight, -the Chief's father...	0:35:59	0:36:03
-..shows me plants and herbs -that they use as food or medicine.	0:36:03	0:36:08
-The Chief's father is a wise man.	0:36:08	0:36:11
-Real good when you cook it up.	0:36:11	0:36:13
-Since coming to Cherokee...	0:36:13	0:36:15
-..I've noticed that the language -and traditions are suffering greatly.	0:36:16	0:36:20
-But since the casino opened...	0:36:21	0:36:23
-..the Cherokee are beginning -to resurrect their culture.	0:36:23	0:36:27
-Can I ask you, Chief...	0:36:28	0:36:30
-..have you seen Cherokee, -the town and the area...	0:36:30	0:36:35
-..have you seen major changes here -in the last 20, 25 years or so?	0:36:35	0:36:40
-It wasn't too long ago -that folks still used outhouses.	0:36:40	0:36:45
-We didn't have indoor plumbing.	0:36:45	0:36:47
-Within the last 20 years, living -standards have really changed.	0:36:48	0:36:53
-The casino has helped a lot -with year-round employment.	0:36:54	0:36:58
-Previously, it wasn't uncommon -to have 30% unemployment in winter.	0:36:58	0:37:03
-We don't want to become -a trashy casino town with pawnshops.	0:37:04	0:37:09
-That's not the Cherokee -that we want to see.	0:37:09	0:37:12
-We want to make sure -that we grow smart...	0:37:12	0:37:15
-..and give people services -and facilities...	0:37:15	0:37:18
-..that will help them -for many generations.	0:37:19	0:37:21
-I like the man.	0:37:22	0:37:24
-Politicians often give you -the answers that you want to hear.	0:37:24	0:37:29
-But the answers he gave -came from the heart.	0:37:29	0:37:33
-He's a man of the people -as well as a politician.	0:37:33	0:37:37
-It's difficult -to get that balance right.	0:37:37	0:37:40
-But you can see that his friends -have great respect for him...	0:37:40	0:37:45
-..and the people respect him too.	0:37:45	0:37:47
-I think he's doing incredible work.	0:37:48	0:37:52
-Typical! We've been hunting -for turkeys all morning.	0:37:58	0:38:01
-Now that I'm heading back to town, -there are two by the roadside!	0:38:01	0:38:07
-I'd better not tell the others.	0:38:07	0:38:10
-This is the casino -that I've heard so much about.	0:38:17	0:38:21
-I'm meeing a lady -called Myrtle Driver...	0:38:21	0:38:25
-..in the casino's cafe.	0:38:25	0:38:27
-She has lived in the town -all her life and seen it change.	0:38:27	0:38:31
-We're not allowed to film -on the casino floor...	0:38:31	0:38:35
-..but we're allowed into the cafe.	0:38:35	0:38:37
-The casino is enormous -and continues to grow.	0:38:43	0:38:46
-They will have invested 600m -in the place by 2012.	0:38:47	0:38:51
-There's no denying its success.	0:38:51	0:38:54
-It generates hundreds of millions -of dollars a year.	0:38:54	0:38:57
-The casino employs -25% of the Cherokee population.	0:38:58	0:39:01
-Every year, each member of the tribe -receives a payment of around 6,000.	0:39:01	0:39:07
-I just wanted to ask you...	0:39:10	0:39:12
-..if you remember the town -of Cherokee...	0:39:12	0:39:16
-..before the casino -and the wealth arrived?	0:39:17	0:39:21
-Yes. Living standards have improved -immensely since it opened.	0:39:21	0:39:29
-But having more money has made it -easier for people to be led astray.	0:39:29	0:39:39
-That's the reason -for the current drug problem.	0:39:39	0:39:42
-The Cherokee way is to look after -the whole community.	0:39:43	0:39:48
-That's more precious than money.	0:39:48	0:39:52
-That sense of community -has been lost.	0:39:52	0:39:55
-In this modern age, when so much -emphasis is placed on wealth...	0:39:56	0:40:02
-..it's nice to hear that some things -are more important than money.	0:40:02	0:40:06
-We're controlled by money. -It's pure selfishness.	0:40:07	0:40:11
-The same selfishness the white man -showed during the Trail of Tears.	0:40:11	0:40:16
-Our greed makes us no better than -the people who killed our ancestors.	0:40:17	0:40:25
-I want to see the Cherokee -arrest the casino's development...	0:40:26	0:40:29
-..and place more emphasis -on the old way of life.	0:40:30	0:40:34
-We can then get back to living as -a community as the creator intended.	0:40:35	0:40:40
-When this casino expands...	0:40:42	0:40:45
-..it's obviously going to cause -more problems.	0:40:45	0:40:49
-Although there is more money, -the community has lost its focus.	0:40:49	0:40:54
-It reminds me of my childhood -in Llanwddyn.	0:40:54	0:40:57
-During the lambing season...	0:40:58	0:41:00
-..and the harvest -when bales needed to be carried...	0:41:00	0:41:04
-..people would go from farm to farm -helping each other.	0:41:04	0:41:08
-It was hard work, but it was fun.	0:41:08	0:41:10
-It brought people together too.	0:41:11	0:41:13
-That has disappeared now.	0:41:13	0:41:15
-It's similar to what has happened -back home in rural Wales.	0:41:15	0:41:21
-If the casino expands, -the problems are going to multiply.	0:41:22	0:41:26
-On my journey -into the world of the Cherokee...	0:41:37	0:41:40
-..the day of the big game is here -and I wonder whether I should play.	0:41:41	0:41:45
-There are two things, really.	0:41:46	0:41:48
-It would be disrespectful of me -to turn them down...	0:41:48	0:41:52
-..because not everybody is invited -to play stickball with them.	0:41:52	0:41:57
-I could also learn more about -the spiritual side of the game.	0:41:57	0:42:03
-It's more than just a game.	0:42:03	0:42:05
-Only by playing -will I get to speak to the lads.	0:42:06	0:42:10
-I think I will head down there -for a game.	0:42:10	0:42:13
-I get to the field -and a small crowd has assembled.	0:42:13	0:42:17
-There's also an ambulance.	0:42:17	0:42:19
-Before the game, I ask Bruce -why this game is so important.	0:42:20	0:42:24
-As a boy, I took part in these.	0:42:25	0:42:27
-There was always this part -of the spirituality...	0:42:27	0:42:30
-..that I didn't understand -at that time.	0:42:30	0:42:33
-Now I understand it, I want -these young boys to understand.	0:42:33	0:42:37
-With spirituality, a person has to -live it before he can tell others.	0:42:37	0:42:42
-Only then does it become real.	0:42:42	0:42:45
-Whoo-hoo!	0:42:55	0:42:57
-Whoo!	0:42:57	0:42:58
-Whoo! - -Whoo-hoo!	0:42:58	0:43:00
-Whoo!	0:43:01	0:43:02
-Whoo-hoo!	0:43:02	0:43:04
-Whoo!	0:43:04	0:43:05
-Whoo! - -Whoo-hoo!	0:43:05	0:43:07
-Whoo!	0:43:07	0:43:09
-They're getting ready -with all kinds of rituals.	0:43:12	0:43:16
-Nobody else can touch my stick.	0:43:16	0:43:18
-That's why they're moving them -with pieces of wood.	0:43:19	0:43:22
-We're going to be matched up -with people of the same build.	0:43:22	0:43:27
-They've matched me -with their best player, Big Moose.	0:43:27	0:43:31
-He's a giant.	0:43:31	0:43:33
-As the game comes to life, -we get off to a bad start.	0:43:50	0:43:55
-We've lost already.	0:43:55	0:43:57
-Moose is a giant. He pushes everyone -out of his way to score.	0:44:05	0:44:09
-I try to get into the game, -but it's relentless.	0:44:18	0:44:22
-I've lost my stick.	0:44:22	0:44:24
-I understand why stickball -is the closest thing to battle.	0:44:25	0:44:29
-The game has ended, -but I have no idea of the score.	0:44:40	0:44:44
-All I know -is that I've been in a battle.	0:44:44	0:44:47
-I enjoyed that, I must admit. -I really enjoyed it.	0:44:47	0:44:50
-When we lined up at the end...	0:44:51	0:44:54
-..the coach gave us -an interesting talk.	0:44:54	0:44:57
-He told us that the game -came from the heart...	0:44:57	0:45:02
-..more than anything else.	0:45:02	0:45:04
-It was part of their tradition.	0:45:04	0:45:07
-When they go out -on the field of play...	0:45:07	0:45:10
-..they're not only representing -the team...	0:45:10	0:45:13
-..but their forefathers -and their forefathers before them.	0:45:14	0:45:18
-The Cherokee as a whole, -so they should play with pride.	0:45:18	0:45:23
-Following a brief ceremony giving -thanks for the day's courage...	0:45:23	0:45:28
-..it was time to discuss the game -over some food.	0:45:28	0:45:31
-As at the rugby club at home, -the post-match conversation...	0:45:31	0:45:35
-..is an analysis of the clash.	0:45:36	0:45:38
-Tawodi, how important -is the Cherokee culture...	0:45:38	0:45:44
-..to you as an individual?	0:45:44	0:45:46
-I'm glad to be a Cherokee -like my ancestors.	0:45:47	0:45:50
-A lot of people -have lost their way...	0:45:50	0:45:55
-..and followed the white man's -culture, language and clothes.	0:45:55	0:46:01
-They're afraid of living -in the traditional Cherokee way...	0:46:02	0:46:06
-..because that path -isn't always an easy one.	0:46:06	0:46:11
-It's a way of life for us, man.	0:46:12	0:46:14
-For me it is, because it teaches you -so much about yourself...	0:46:14	0:46:18
-..and about these guys.	0:46:19	0:46:21
-It just makes you stronger -on the inside.	0:46:21	0:46:24
-It's the brotherhood right here.	0:46:24	0:46:27
-It's only now -that I'm covered in bruises...	0:46:27	0:46:31
-..that I truly understand -this ancient tribe's spirit.	0:46:31	0:46:35
-Though their world has changed, -their warrior spirit remains.	0:46:35	0:46:39
-For me, it's what makes the Cherokee -a proud and unique nation.	0:46:40	0:46:45
-I return to the site where the battle -for the language continues.	0:46:49	0:46:53
-The Cherokee of the future -want to say goodbye.	0:46:54	0:46:58
-CHILDREN SING IN CHEROKEE	0:46:58	0:47:00
-It's so encouraging to come here -and see a brand new school...	0:47:06	0:47:11
-..with modern facilities -and the pupils...	0:47:11	0:47:15
-..speaking no other language -but Cherokee.	0:47:15	0:47:19
-There's a lot of positivity here.	0:47:19	0:47:22
-Not only in this school -but also in the town.	0:47:22	0:47:26
-The school is the heart -of the community.	0:47:27	0:47:30
-This is the key to the future -of the Cherokee right here.	0:47:30	0:47:35
-I'm envious of the Cherokee.	0:48:02	0:48:05
-They live in a wonderful area...	0:48:05	0:48:08
-..surrounded by trees and mountains.	0:48:08	0:48:11
-The tribe has suffered more than most -at the hands of the white man.	0:48:12	0:48:17
-But they've moved on.	0:48:17	0:48:19
-If I had come here a decade ago...	0:48:19	0:48:21
-..I would have met -a downtrodden community...	0:48:21	0:48:25
-..that was losing -its language and culture.	0:48:25	0:48:28
-But things have changed.	0:48:28	0:48:30
-Money is being generated here.	0:48:31	0:48:33
-A monolingual school has opened.	0:48:33	0:48:37
-There's employment here...	0:48:37	0:48:40
-..and the culture -is making a comeback.	0:48:40	0:48:43
-I've been here -during a period of prosperity.	0:48:43	0:48:47
-I'd say that the future -is looking bright for the Cherokee.	0:48:47	0:48:52
-CHILDREN SING IN CHEROKEE	0:48:53	0:48:56
-S4C Subtitles by Eirlys A Jones	0:49:12	0:49:14
-.	0:49:14	0:49:14

Y Cherokee Iolo ac Indiaid America

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