Fferm Llwydfaen, Dyffryn Conwy 1 Olion: Palu am Hanes
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-My name's Dr Iestyn Jones. Some -of you might know me as an actor. | 0:00:06 | 0:00:10 | |
-I'm passionate -about archaeology and history... | 0:00:10 | 0:00:14 | |
-..which led me -to obtain a doctorate in the field. | 0:00:14 | 0:00:17 | |
-For more than 10 years, I've worked -as a professional archaeologist. | 0:00:18 | 0:00:22 | |
-Throughout this series, I'll visit -sites up and down the country... | 0:00:22 | 0:00:27 | |
-..that have never been excavated -before, to uncover Wales' history. | 0:00:27 | 0:00:32 | |
-We'll focus on new -archaeological sites every week... | 0:00:38 | 0:00:42 | |
-..giving the findings in each area -a historical context. | 0:00:42 | 0:00:47 | |
-Our journey begins in the -Conwy Valley at the River Conwy... | 0:00:48 | 0:00:52 | |
-..an ancient waterway and gateway -to the mountains of North Wales... | 0:00:52 | 0:00:57 | |
-..which define -historical boundaries. | 0:00:57 | 0:01:00 | |
-Llwydfaen is a 200-year-old farm... | 0:01:03 | 0:01:06 | |
-..overlooking Bodnant Garden -on the eastern bank of the river... | 0:01:06 | 0:01:11 | |
-..situated less than a kilometre -from the Tal-y-Cafn bridge. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:15 | |
-We will return to this bridge -later in the series. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:19 | |
-Why have we chosen -to dig in this field? | 0:01:20 | 0:01:22 | |
-There's little to see here. -At the moment, at least. | 0:01:23 | 0:01:26 | |
-But back in 2006... | 0:01:26 | 0:01:29 | |
-..bald patches appeared where -the sun had scorched the grass. | 0:01:29 | 0:01:33 | |
-Most of the markings were amorphous. | 0:01:34 | 0:01:37 | |
-None were a definite shape. | 0:01:37 | 0:01:39 | |
-But one of them -looked rather interesting. | 0:01:39 | 0:01:44 | |
-During very hot summers - yes, all -those scorching summers we endure... | 0:01:46 | 0:01:51 | |
-..outlines -of ancient structures emerge... | 0:01:51 | 0:01:55 | |
-..as the grass above old foundations -is singed and turns yellow. | 0:01:55 | 0:01:59 | |
-This is what happened in 2006... | 0:02:00 | 0:02:02 | |
-..giving us a glimpse -of what's beneath the earth. | 0:02:02 | 0:02:05 | |
-Experts believe -a 12th-century church stood here. | 0:02:06 | 0:02:09 | |
-If so, why isn't it east-facing like -other churches from the same period? | 0:02:09 | 0:02:15 | |
-I'm going to need assistance. | 0:02:17 | 0:02:20 | |
-Luckily, we've enlisted the help -of local volunteers. | 0:02:21 | 0:02:25 | |
-Rhys Mwyn, an expert -on North Wales' archaeology... | 0:02:26 | 0:02:30 | |
-..Hannah Morris -an archaeology graduate... | 0:02:30 | 0:02:33 | |
-..and Jerry Bond -and Dr Erika Guttmann-Bond... | 0:02:33 | 0:02:37 | |
-..who have decades of experience -in archaeology. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:41 | |
-With the digger at the ready... | 0:02:45 | 0:02:48 | |
-..we decided -where to dig our first trench. | 0:02:48 | 0:02:51 | |
-Across the apse, -in the southern portion of the ruin. | 0:02:51 | 0:02:56 | |
-We've just started digging, -but it's not quite what we expected. | 0:03:16 | 0:03:20 | |
-The earth is very dry. -What are your thoughts, Rhys? | 0:03:20 | 0:03:24 | |
-It's incredibly dry. Very little -rain has penetrated the soil. | 0:03:24 | 0:03:28 | |
-As Jeff is demonstrating, -it's very hard down there. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:33 | |
-It's going to be tough. There's -a cluster of stones in the middle. | 0:03:34 | 0:03:38 | |
-It's forming some kind of line, -as if a wall once stood there. | 0:03:38 | 0:03:42 | |
-It's not as structured and formal -as I thought it'd be. | 0:03:43 | 0:03:47 | |
-What's strange is that the -aerial view shows very clear lines. | 0:03:47 | 0:03:52 | |
-I expected to uncover foundations... | 0:03:52 | 0:03:56 | |
-..that had remained intact. | 0:03:56 | 0:03:58 | |
-This looks more like the remnants of -a wall, or stones that have fallen. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:04 | |
-But it's our job to clean it up... | 0:04:04 | 0:04:09 | |
-..and see what it reveals. | 0:04:09 | 0:04:11 | |
-Enough talking. | 0:04:11 | 0:04:13 | |
-On every dig, modern soil -must be removed carefully... | 0:04:13 | 0:04:17 | |
-..to reach the ancient remains. | 0:04:17 | 0:04:19 | |
-It must be raked -and scraped with a trowel... | 0:04:20 | 0:04:23 | |
-..to reveal -the archaeological layers. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:26 | |
-It's meticulous -and laborious work. | 0:04:26 | 0:04:28 | |
-We decided to dig a second trench... | 0:04:29 | 0:04:32 | |
-..across the northern end... | 0:04:32 | 0:04:34 | |
-..hoping to find an entrance -or remains from the Middle Ages... | 0:04:35 | 0:04:39 | |
-..when our church -was originally built. | 0:04:40 | 0:04:43 | |
-By removing the earth, the wall -appears a little straighter now. | 0:04:47 | 0:04:51 | |
-We're using the mattock... | 0:04:52 | 0:04:54 | |
-..and clearing the earth -with a trowel. | 0:04:54 | 0:04:57 | |
-Hopefully -it'll reveal a straight line. | 0:04:57 | 0:05:01 | |
-The wall begins to emerge, although -it appears slightly crooked. | 0:05:01 | 0:05:06 | |
-I'm quite certain -it's the recess of an apse... | 0:05:06 | 0:05:09 | |
-..with its stones dislodged, -making it look crooked. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:13 | |
-Or the stones -have been moved by a plough. | 0:05:13 | 0:05:16 | |
-Meanwhile, in the second trench... | 0:05:16 | 0:05:19 | |
-At this end, -we've dug down to the wall. | 0:05:20 | 0:05:25 | |
-There's some yellow stuff there, -which might be to do with the wall. | 0:05:25 | 0:05:30 | |
-We've found the same thing -over there, which is interesting. | 0:05:30 | 0:05:34 | |
-There's something very dark here. -It looks like charcoal. | 0:05:34 | 0:05:38 | |
-It's obvious something's burnt. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:41 | |
-There are also bits -of orange and pink in the middle... | 0:05:41 | 0:05:45 | |
-..that might be -fragments of pottery. | 0:05:45 | 0:05:48 | |
-It's impossible to tell -what sort of pottery it is... | 0:05:48 | 0:05:52 | |
-..but it certainly indicates -that it's been made my hand. | 0:05:52 | 0:05:57 | |
-This charcoal is very black. | 0:06:02 | 0:06:04 | |
-Good. | 0:06:04 | 0:06:06 | |
-Finding charcoal -isn't revolutionary... | 0:06:06 | 0:06:09 | |
-..but it proves that humans -have left their mark on the land. | 0:06:10 | 0:06:13 | |
-It's a small indication -of man's intervention. | 0:06:14 | 0:06:17 | |
-Are there more signs? | 0:06:17 | 0:06:19 | |
-This is very odd. We've received the -findings from the magnetic reading. | 0:06:19 | 0:06:25 | |
-I expect it to be the same shape -as the singed markings on the field. | 0:06:25 | 0:06:31 | |
-This doesn't look the same shape, -does it? | 0:06:32 | 0:06:36 | |
-You'd expect -these stones to have been burnt. | 0:06:39 | 0:06:42 | |
-You'd see charred remains. | 0:06:42 | 0:06:45 | |
-These don't look -as if they've been burnt. | 0:06:45 | 0:06:48 | |
-There are some over there -but none here. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:51 | |
-Why are we -talking so much about burning? | 0:06:52 | 0:06:55 | |
-One theory is that the Normans -erected a church on this site... | 0:06:55 | 0:06:59 | |
-..and the Welsh burnt it -to the ground... | 0:06:59 | 0:07:03 | |
-..which would explain -its disappearance. | 0:07:03 | 0:07:06 | |
-I'm very happy. -Things are going well. | 0:07:07 | 0:07:09 | |
-In the southern part, -there's an apse. | 0:07:10 | 0:07:13 | |
-Apses are typical architectural -features of early Norman churches. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:19 | |
-Talking of early churches... | 0:07:20 | 0:07:21 | |
-..one of Wales' oldest -is a mile in that direction. | 0:07:22 | 0:07:25 | |
-Llangelynin. | 0:07:25 | 0:07:27 | |
-Not only is it -one of Wales' oldest churches... | 0:07:27 | 0:07:31 | |
-..it is certainly one of the -country's quaintest and most remote. | 0:07:31 | 0:07:35 | |
-The church was named after -the sixth-century saint, Celynin. | 0:07:44 | 0:07:49 | |
-On the same site are the ruins -of an early roundhouse... | 0:07:50 | 0:07:54 | |
-..where, according to romantic -tales, St Celynin himself lived. | 0:07:54 | 0:07:59 | |
-From this beauty spot, nestling -in the Tal y Fan mountain... | 0:08:00 | 0:08:04 | |
-..you can look out to sea -and the Conwy Valley... | 0:08:04 | 0:08:07 | |
-..and follow the river for miles. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:10 | |
-Naturally, -this isn't the original church. | 0:08:18 | 0:08:22 | |
-A more primitive structure -would've existed here originally. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:27 | |
-Most of the building, as it appears -now, dates back to the 12th century. | 0:08:27 | 0:08:32 | |
-If the Normans -established a church here... | 0:08:43 | 0:08:45 | |
-..knowing a Welsh church -existed less than a mile away... | 0:08:46 | 0:08:49 | |
-..it would've taunted the Welsh. | 0:08:50 | 0:08:52 | |
-It explains why natives -would want to burn it down. | 0:08:52 | 0:08:56 | |
-But where are -these charred remains? | 0:09:00 | 0:09:02 | |
-Where are -those large chunks of charcoal... | 0:09:02 | 0:09:06 | |
-..and stones -discoloured by the heat? | 0:09:06 | 0:09:09 | |
-Where's the evidence to prove this -church was built in the Middle Ages? | 0:09:09 | 0:09:14 | |
-No evidence -has come to light so far. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:18 | |
-There are foundation stones -to be seen, and ancient mortar... | 0:09:18 | 0:09:22 | |
-..but nothing to provide -an accurate date. | 0:09:23 | 0:09:25 | |
-It's frustrating, with everyone -purposefully digging and sifting. | 0:09:28 | 0:09:33 | |
-Iestyn! | 0:09:33 | 0:09:35 | |
-I think it's a Roman coin. | 0:09:45 | 0:09:47 | |
-That's nice. There's a cross on it. | 0:09:50 | 0:09:53 | |
-It could be a token or a coin. | 0:09:55 | 0:09:59 | |
-Quite possibly Roman. We'll -get an expert to authenticate it. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:03 | |
-A Roman artefact? What's that doing -in a medieval church? | 0:10:03 | 0:10:07 | |
-How strange. | 0:10:08 | 0:10:10 | |
-. | 0:10:12 | 0:10:12 | |
-* | 0:10:13 | 0:10:13 | |
-Before the break... | 0:10:13 | 0:10:15 | |
-..we unearthed a Roman artefact... | 0:10:16 | 0:10:19 | |
-..in the second trench, -the northern trench. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:22 | |
-We'll hear more about -the Romans in the area later... | 0:10:22 | 0:10:26 | |
-..but we're still searching -for an entrance or other objects. | 0:10:26 | 0:10:31 | |
-Back in trench number one... | 0:10:31 | 0:10:33 | |
-Iestyn, -it's worth taking a look at this. | 0:10:36 | 0:10:38 | |
-It raises a few questions. | 0:10:39 | 0:10:42 | |
-We've unearthed -some stones in the centre here... | 0:10:42 | 0:10:45 | |
-..and I suspect what we have... | 0:10:46 | 0:10:48 | |
-..is what I would call -a clay corner structure... | 0:10:48 | 0:10:53 | |
-..because it comes right the way -around the other side. | 0:10:53 | 0:10:57 | |
-From afar, it looks like -there's a clay surface... | 0:10:57 | 0:11:02 | |
-..and the stones -have been added later. | 0:11:02 | 0:11:05 | |
-I agree. That colour's -very different from this colour. | 0:11:05 | 0:11:09 | |
-Though it's dry, -there's a clear difference. | 0:11:09 | 0:11:12 | |
-If you stand away from it, -it's more noticeable. | 0:11:12 | 0:11:16 | |
-The stones are enclosed too. | 0:11:16 | 0:11:19 | |
-It's interesting. | 0:11:20 | 0:11:23 | |
-Some of the stones -are interesting too. | 0:11:23 | 0:11:26 | |
-This one, in particular. | 0:11:26 | 0:11:28 | |
-It looks as if -it's been cut into that shape. | 0:11:28 | 0:11:33 | |
-When you see -a stone at an angle like this... | 0:11:35 | 0:11:39 | |
-..it suggests -that the stones lean into a hole. | 0:11:39 | 0:11:42 | |
-As if they've caved in. | 0:11:43 | 0:11:44 | |
-We have an outline of a circular -shape outside the church... | 0:11:45 | 0:11:49 | |
-..to the west -of the exterior stone wall. | 0:11:49 | 0:11:53 | |
-Is the yellow colour significant? -Is it elsewhere here? | 0:11:53 | 0:11:57 | |
-How's it going, Hannah? | 0:11:57 | 0:12:01 | |
-It's going well. -We can see a new layer emerging. | 0:12:01 | 0:12:05 | |
-Beneath the top layer of soil -is the yellow clay. | 0:12:06 | 0:12:09 | |
-It's the same hard yellow stuff -that's in the wall. | 0:12:10 | 0:12:13 | |
-We've been able -to accurately measure the apse. | 0:12:16 | 0:12:19 | |
-It's four metres long -by four metres wide. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:22 | |
-We know -there's a building in Llwydfaen... | 0:12:22 | 0:12:25 | |
-..that's 20m long -by eight metres wide. | 0:12:25 | 0:12:28 | |
-Five miles to the north are the -ruins of a much bigger structure... | 0:12:28 | 0:12:33 | |
-..with a very bloody history. | 0:12:33 | 0:12:35 | |
-These are the ruins -of Deganwy Castle. | 0:12:39 | 0:12:42 | |
-A court or a castle has stood on -this site since the sixth century... | 0:12:42 | 0:12:46 | |
-..when Maelgwn Gwynedd was king. | 0:12:46 | 0:12:49 | |
-Archaeologists excavated here in the -1960s and discovered an amphora... | 0:12:49 | 0:12:54 | |
-..a large earthenware jug -to hold wine. | 0:12:55 | 0:12:58 | |
-It's obvious that wine -was imported during this era. | 0:12:58 | 0:13:02 | |
-This was an area of high status. | 0:13:03 | 0:13:05 | |
-Later, the site -was invaded by the Normans... | 0:13:05 | 0:13:08 | |
-..before Llywelyn the Great -built a castle here. | 0:13:08 | 0:13:13 | |
-Archaeologists -found a sculpture of a head... | 0:13:13 | 0:13:17 | |
-..which could have possibly been -Llywelyn the Great himself. | 0:13:17 | 0:13:21 | |
-Large towers -stood on both these hills... | 0:13:23 | 0:13:26 | |
-..with an adjoining stone wall. | 0:13:27 | 0:13:29 | |
-The castle -was extended and fortified... | 0:13:31 | 0:13:34 | |
-..by both the Welsh and the Normans -over many centuries. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:38 | |
-But the fort was eventually razed -by the Welshmen of Gwynedd... | 0:13:40 | 0:13:45 | |
-..to prevent English occupation. | 0:13:46 | 0:13:48 | |
-By the end of the 13th century, -when King Edward came to Wales... | 0:13:50 | 0:13:54 | |
-..he built a castle on the -opposite side of the River Conwy. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:59 | |
-The Welshmen's ancient fort, -high on the hills near Deganwy... | 0:14:00 | 0:14:05 | |
-..would've overlooked -the river and the estuary. | 0:14:05 | 0:14:08 | |
-But it was Edward's intention -to prevent access to the river. | 0:14:09 | 0:14:13 | |
-The fact the men of Gwynedd erected -a fort on the southern bank... | 0:14:13 | 0:14:18 | |
-..was a powerful statement of -their intent to rule the territory. | 0:14:18 | 0:14:22 | |
-Edward built his castle -on the western bank... | 0:14:22 | 0:14:26 | |
-..to demonstrate -his intention to seize Gwynedd. | 0:14:26 | 0:14:30 | |
-The banks of the river -became battlefields... | 0:14:39 | 0:14:42 | |
-..the most famous of which -was the Battle of Cymryd... | 0:14:43 | 0:14:46 | |
-..fought near Glan Conwy. | 0:14:46 | 0:14:48 | |
-This stretch of river has seen -numerous battles over the years. | 0:14:50 | 0:14:55 | |
-Around 1,200 years ago, -a bloody battle took place here. | 0:14:55 | 0:14:59 | |
-The Battle of Cymryd, between -the Anglo Saxons, led by Ethelred... | 0:14:59 | 0:15:04 | |
-..and the men of Gwynedd, -led by Anarawd... | 0:15:04 | 0:15:07 | |
-..became known as -"God's vengeance for Rhodri"... | 0:15:07 | 0:15:11 | |
-..following the death -of Rhodri the Great. | 0:15:11 | 0:15:14 | |
-The Welsh were victorious... | 0:15:14 | 0:15:16 | |
-..forcing the Anglo Saxons -out of North Wales. | 0:15:16 | 0:15:20 | |
-If a Norman church -is unearthed here... | 0:15:24 | 0:15:27 | |
-..then -the new arrivals must learn... | 0:15:27 | 0:15:30 | |
-..that we're here to stay. | 0:15:30 | 0:15:32 | |
-But no other ruins -have been detected. | 0:15:32 | 0:15:35 | |
-The geophysical technology hasn't -detected neither a path nor a hedge. | 0:15:35 | 0:15:40 | |
-We've unearthed walls -of Romanesque architecture... | 0:15:41 | 0:15:44 | |
-..which are typical -of 12th-century churches... | 0:15:45 | 0:15:49 | |
-..but no medieval discoveries - -not one single Norman artefact. | 0:15:49 | 0:15:53 | |
-There's a strange dip -outside the church. | 0:15:53 | 0:15:56 | |
-It's rather baffling. | 0:15:56 | 0:15:58 | |
-We've reached the end of day two. | 0:15:58 | 0:16:00 | |
-We've dug down to the apse, -which is clear to see. | 0:16:01 | 0:16:04 | |
-There's something strange over -there. We'll find out more tomorrow. | 0:16:04 | 0:16:09 | |
-Come with me to trench number two. | 0:16:09 | 0:16:12 | |
-This is -a little bit more complicated. | 0:16:16 | 0:16:19 | |
-The structure's wall is beginning -to emerge, and we can see it here. | 0:16:21 | 0:16:26 | |
-It's a white stripe with stones. | 0:16:26 | 0:16:28 | |
-Hopefully this is the northern wall -of the building, which you can see. | 0:16:28 | 0:16:33 | |
-Interestingly, there's some -clay here that has been burnt. | 0:16:33 | 0:16:39 | |
-Hopefully this is -the top of the wall... | 0:16:39 | 0:16:43 | |
-..which leads -all the way from over there. | 0:16:44 | 0:16:47 | |
-We'll reveal more -as we dig deeper tomorrow. | 0:16:48 | 0:16:51 | |
-We've gone -from one extreme to the other. | 0:17:05 | 0:17:08 | |
-It was too dry yesterday -and now it's too wet... | 0:17:08 | 0:17:11 | |
-..although water doesn't affect -archaeology, so we'll carry on. | 0:17:11 | 0:17:15 | |
-Water clears the dust, which is a -pain when you've cleaned an area... | 0:17:15 | 0:17:20 | |
-..only for dust -to settle on it again. | 0:17:20 | 0:17:22 | |
-Discolourations are visible -when it's wet. | 0:17:23 | 0:17:25 | |
-You can see natural brown earth -and the yellow mortar of the walls. | 0:17:26 | 0:17:30 | |
-We've found the remains -of huge circular stones... | 0:17:31 | 0:17:34 | |
-..that the plough couldn't move. | 0:17:34 | 0:17:36 | |
-But what else? | 0:17:36 | 0:17:38 | |
-We've been very busy cleaning. | 0:17:38 | 0:17:41 | |
-Brian has cleaned -the western wall of the structure. | 0:17:41 | 0:17:45 | |
-This line -defines the wall beautifully. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:50 | |
-The difference in the earth -is very clear. | 0:17:50 | 0:17:53 | |
-Beneath the grass, -the wall stretches along here... | 0:17:54 | 0:17:57 | |
-..through the second trench. | 0:17:58 | 0:18:00 | |
-It'll become clearer later. | 0:18:00 | 0:18:02 | |
-If we go over here... | 0:18:02 | 0:18:04 | |
-..the northern section of the wall -runs through here under my feet... | 0:18:04 | 0:18:09 | |
-..which means that -the corner is somewhere here... | 0:18:09 | 0:18:13 | |
-..if the geophysical plot -is correct. | 0:18:13 | 0:18:16 | |
-We're going to dig a trench -all the way from there... | 0:18:16 | 0:18:19 | |
-..to see if this is the corner. | 0:18:19 | 0:18:21 | |
-But the constant rainfall... | 0:18:22 | 0:18:25 | |
-..put paid -to our archaeological work. | 0:18:25 | 0:18:28 | |
-I hope they come back tomorrow! | 0:18:29 | 0:18:31 | |
-It rained -for most of the day, worse luck... | 0:18:38 | 0:18:41 | |
-..but we've managed to dig deeper. | 0:18:42 | 0:18:44 | |
-This is trench number one. | 0:18:44 | 0:18:46 | |
-In trench number two over here, -we're planning out the area... | 0:18:46 | 0:18:51 | |
-..to make sure it's all on record. | 0:18:51 | 0:18:54 | |
-We're digging deeper -and tidying up. | 0:18:54 | 0:18:56 | |
-There's a great deal of work -to be done before we finish. | 0:18:56 | 0:19:00 | |
-I don't know why I'm smiling. | 0:19:01 | 0:19:03 | |
-We've uncovered walls... | 0:19:03 | 0:19:05 | |
-..and an outline -of a possible Norman church... | 0:19:05 | 0:19:08 | |
-..on the Welsh side of the river, -but no concrete evidence as yet. | 0:19:09 | 0:19:14 | |
-Before digging further -to the depths of the site... | 0:19:14 | 0:19:17 | |
-..we must record what's visible -after removing the top layers. | 0:19:18 | 0:19:22 | |
-We must note every stone and mark -the size and location of each area. | 0:19:22 | 0:19:26 | |
-It's a laborious process... | 0:19:27 | 0:19:29 | |
-..but completely necessary. | 0:19:29 | 0:19:31 | |
-I need evidence -to be able to date the site. | 0:19:32 | 0:19:34 | |
-I'm worried -we'll find nothing at all. | 0:19:34 | 0:19:37 | |
-Now, where's that trowel? | 0:19:37 | 0:19:40 | |
-I'm digging deeper into this hole -for a very good reason. | 0:19:56 | 0:20:00 | |
-This was removed from there. | 0:20:01 | 0:20:03 | |
-I'm sure it's sandstone... | 0:20:03 | 0:20:05 | |
-..but it's very different -from all the other stones. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:09 | |
-From looking around, -all the stones are curved. | 0:20:09 | 0:20:13 | |
-There are no edges. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:15 | |
-But this -has been carved and it's square. | 0:20:15 | 0:20:18 | |
-It's a building block, -probably from a wall. | 0:20:18 | 0:20:21 | |
-A great deal of work -has gone into this. | 0:20:22 | 0:20:24 | |
-I want to find out -if there are more in this hole. | 0:20:25 | 0:20:28 | |
-It's a good start, and once digging -resumes after the recording... | 0:20:28 | 0:20:34 | |
-..the earth -reveals more of its secrets. | 0:20:34 | 0:20:37 | |
-We've found another coin. | 0:20:37 | 0:20:39 | |
-Take a look. -I just found this over there. | 0:20:44 | 0:20:46 | |
-It looks Roman to me. | 0:20:47 | 0:20:48 | |
-It looks Roman to me. - -It's definitely Roman. | 0:20:48 | 0:20:49 | |
-It's a Roman coin. | 0:20:50 | 0:20:52 | |
-You can see the face... | 0:20:53 | 0:20:55 | |
-..and also a beard. | 0:20:55 | 0:20:57 | |
-Is there writing? | 0:20:58 | 0:20:59 | |
-Is there writing? - -Yes, but I can't see the letters. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:03 | |
-That's interesting. | 0:21:03 | 0:21:05 | |
-More Roman artefacts. | 0:21:07 | 0:21:10 | |
-This is the second coin. | 0:21:10 | 0:21:12 | |
-In no time at all, -more items emerge. | 0:21:13 | 0:21:15 | |
-Slate and pottery. | 0:21:15 | 0:21:18 | |
-Small fragments -which are difficult to authenticate. | 0:21:18 | 0:21:21 | |
-By dating the pottery, we'll -have a definite date for our church. | 0:21:22 | 0:21:26 | |
-We can use pottery -to date buildings... | 0:21:26 | 0:21:29 | |
-..because the type of clay -used to make the pottery... | 0:21:29 | 0:21:33 | |
-..varied from place to place -over the centuries. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:36 | |
-Amid all the excitement -comes another shock. | 0:21:36 | 0:21:39 | |
-Did this come from over there? | 0:21:40 | 0:21:42 | |
-Let me inspect -this piece of pottery. | 0:21:53 | 0:21:56 | |
-This is interesting. | 0:22:03 | 0:22:05 | |
-This is Samian ware pottery. | 0:22:06 | 0:22:10 | |
-It had a high Roman status -though it's from France. | 0:22:10 | 0:22:15 | |
-What's this doing here? | 0:22:17 | 0:22:19 | |
-Well, I was expecting to find -medieval objects here... | 0:22:22 | 0:22:28 | |
-..in keeping -with a church from the Middle Ages. | 0:22:28 | 0:22:32 | |
-But this is definitely Roman -and we've unearthed Roman coins. | 0:22:32 | 0:22:36 | |
-Is this a Roman building... | 0:22:40 | 0:22:43 | |
-..rather than a medieval church? | 0:22:44 | 0:22:46 | |
-This radically changes things now. | 0:22:47 | 0:22:50 | |
-Uncovering a Roman building -on the banks of the River Conwy... | 0:22:50 | 0:22:55 | |
-..would change -the area's history overnight. | 0:22:55 | 0:22:58 | |
-Next time, the story -behind this remarkable site unfolds. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:02 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf. | 0:23:22 | 0:23:24 | |
-. | 0:23:24 | 0:23:24 |