Pennod 3 Tai Bach y Byd
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Transcript
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-We spend about two years -of our lives in the toilet. | 0:00:02 | 0:00:06 | |
-But most of us -prefer not to talk about it. | 0:00:07 | 0:00:10 | |
-This week, I visit -the Golden Poo Awards in London... | 0:00:11 | 0:00:15 | |
-..where toilet humour is used -for a serious purpose... | 0:00:15 | 0:00:20 | |
-..and the World Toilet Congress... | 0:00:21 | 0:00:23 | |
-..where you can splash the cash -and splash the plastic. | 0:00:23 | 0:00:29 | |
-So far, we've looked -at the history of the toilet... | 0:00:41 | 0:00:45 | |
-..and how its design developed. | 0:00:45 | 0:00:48 | |
-We've seen how toilets -became common in the West... | 0:00:48 | 0:00:53 | |
-..and some Oriental countries too. | 0:00:53 | 0:00:55 | |
-We take them for granted now. | 0:00:57 | 0:00:59 | |
-Or do we? | 0:00:59 | 0:01:01 | |
-Is our relationship -with the toilet that simple? | 0:01:01 | 0:01:05 | |
-We even have trouble -agreeing what to call it. | 0:01:05 | 0:01:09 | |
-What do you call the toilet? | 0:01:10 | 0:01:12 | |
-The smallest room. | 0:01:12 | 0:01:14 | |
-The smallest room. - -Loo. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:15 | |
-It depends who I'm talking to. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:17 | |
-It depends who I'm talking to. - -Shithouse. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:18 | |
-Jeru. | 0:01:19 | 0:01:20 | |
-Jeru. - -Bog. | 0:01:20 | 0:01:21 | |
-Privy. | 0:01:21 | 0:01:22 | |
-The throne. | 0:01:23 | 0:01:24 | |
-Grandad said he was going to the -rotunda at the bottom of the garden. | 0:01:24 | 0:01:30 | |
-It's such an important invention... | 0:01:31 | 0:01:33 | |
-..but we're very reluctant -to talk about it frankly. | 0:01:33 | 0:01:37 | |
-This is the toilet paradox. | 0:01:37 | 0:01:39 | |
-As they became more common -in our society... | 0:01:39 | 0:01:43 | |
-..we became shyer about discussing -what happens in them. | 0:01:44 | 0:01:48 | |
-We use flowery language to avoid -discussing bodily functions... | 0:01:48 | 0:01:54 | |
-..that are natural and normal. | 0:01:54 | 0:01:56 | |
-Pee. | 0:01:57 | 0:01:58 | |
-Pee. - -Take a leak. | 0:01:58 | 0:01:59 | |
-Shed a tear. | 0:01:59 | 0:02:00 | |
-Wet a curl. | 0:02:01 | 0:02:02 | |
-Shake hands with the kids' father. | 0:02:02 | 0:02:04 | |
-Shake the lettuce. | 0:02:05 | 0:02:06 | |
-For the other... | 0:02:07 | 0:02:10 | |
-Dump. -Crap. | 0:02:10 | 0:02:11 | |
-We don't talk about it. | 0:02:12 | 0:02:13 | |
-Relieve myself. | 0:02:14 | 0:02:15 | |
-Do my business. | 0:02:16 | 0:02:17 | |
-Do my business. - -Open it for the hens. | 0:02:17 | 0:02:18 | |
-Do my business. If I was -in a hurry, on the cloth. | 0:02:18 | 0:02:21 | |
-Have a clearance. | 0:02:21 | 0:02:23 | |
-Have a clearance. - -Have a BM. | 0:02:23 | 0:02:24 | |
-Gran said, turn trousers. | 0:02:25 | 0:02:26 | |
-Grandad said, I need a buckle. | 0:02:27 | 0:02:30 | |
-I don't discuss it, -so I don't call it anything. | 0:02:30 | 0:02:34 | |
-The Welsh haven't always been -reluctant to discuss these matters. | 0:02:34 | 0:02:40 | |
-Here in Pwllheli, -toilets are common now. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:44 | |
-When one of the first toilets was -built here in the 16th century... | 0:02:45 | 0:02:49 | |
-..by a certain Sion Galgarth... | 0:02:49 | 0:02:51 | |
-..his neighbour, -Richard Hughes of Cefn Llanfair... | 0:02:52 | 0:02:55 | |
-..wrote a plain-speaking englyn... | 0:02:55 | 0:02:58 | |
-..poking fun at him -for building such a place. | 0:02:58 | 0:03:02 | |
-"What a fine sight -is his craphouse, from halfway up | 0:03:03 | 0:03:07 | |
-"But dirt that has just been crapped | 0:03:08 | 0:03:11 | |
-"Is everywhere, under his house" | 0:03:11 | 0:03:14 | |
-There is still an audience today -for ribald englynion... | 0:03:16 | 0:03:21 | |
-..even in London's comedy clubs. | 0:03:21 | 0:03:24 | |
-I'll finish with one of my own. -It's in Welsh, but quite short. | 0:03:24 | 0:03:29 | |
-Vindaloo. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:30 | |
-"In your mouth, -put the sharp delicacy | 0:03:31 | 0:03:34 | |
-"Taste the fine, lingering burn | 0:03:34 | 0:03:36 | |
-"And what a feeling, on the bog | 0:03:37 | 0:03:39 | |
-"The next day | 0:03:39 | 0:03:41 | |
-"To crap a hedgehog" | 0:03:41 | 0:03:43 | |
-LAUGHTER | 0:03:43 | 0:03:45 | |
-They enjoyed that. | 0:03:45 | 0:03:47 | |
-I was at the Golden Poo Awards -in Balham, London. | 0:03:48 | 0:03:52 | |
-The aim of the evening -is to celebrate toilet humour. | 0:03:52 | 0:03:55 | |
-A man goes to the doctor with -lettuce sticking out of his bottom. | 0:03:56 | 0:04:00 | |
-The doctor says, -"It's just the tip of the iceberg." | 0:04:00 | 0:04:03 | |
-I asked the compere, Arthur Smith... | 0:04:03 | 0:04:06 | |
-..why do we think -going to the loo is so funny. | 0:04:07 | 0:04:10 | |
-It is a fundamental thing we do. -Everyone does it. | 0:04:11 | 0:04:14 | |
-We carry on with the illusion -that we don't really do it. | 0:04:14 | 0:04:18 | |
-The Queen never shits, obviously. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:20 | |
-It's embarrassing. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:23 | |
-Mind you, since my dog died, -I can't pass my farts off as his. | 0:04:24 | 0:04:28 | |
-I get told off for farting, -like a lot of men. | 0:04:28 | 0:04:31 | |
-I'm not doing it deliberately. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:33 | |
-If you are doing it deliberately... | 0:04:34 | 0:04:35 | |
-If you are doing it deliberately... - -That's clever. | 0:04:35 | 0:04:36 | |
-Then you've got an act. | 0:04:37 | 0:04:39 | |
-And indeed, some people have. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:41 | |
-Roland the Farter, I think -he was the jester of Henry II. | 0:04:41 | 0:04:45 | |
-He used to come on with a leap, -a whistle and a fart... | 0:04:45 | 0:04:49 | |
-..to such great effect that he -was given a whole manor in Suffolk. | 0:04:49 | 0:04:55 | |
-All evening, Arthur Smith -challenged some of the taboos... | 0:04:55 | 0:04:59 | |
-..that rule our relationship -with the toilet. | 0:04:59 | 0:05:02 | |
-A man goes to the doctor and says, -"I've been shitting cubes." | 0:05:02 | 0:05:06 | |
-The doctor says, "Stand up, take -your trousers down, turn around." | 0:05:06 | 0:05:10 | |
-There's a bit of snipping and the -doctor says, "You'll be OK now." | 0:05:10 | 0:05:14 | |
-The bloke says, -"What have you done?" | 0:05:14 | 0:05:17 | |
-"I've just cut three inches -off the bottom of your string vest." | 0:05:17 | 0:05:22 | |
-But the event -has a serious purpose. | 0:05:23 | 0:05:26 | |
-To raise awareness of the billions -of people without toilets. | 0:05:27 | 0:05:32 | |
-It's clearly a really -important subject. | 0:05:32 | 0:05:35 | |
-We treat it extremely trivially. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:37 | |
-The French writer Rabelais -had a whole thing he wrote... | 0:05:37 | 0:05:42 | |
-..about the best way -to wipe your arse. | 0:05:42 | 0:05:46 | |
-He concluded it was a swan's neck. | 0:05:46 | 0:05:49 | |
-If you're caught short -in the country, sphagnum moss. | 0:05:49 | 0:05:53 | |
-It's better than toilet paper. -It's wet and absorbent. | 0:05:53 | 0:05:57 | |
-You just pull a bit off, and you -hardly damage the environment. | 0:05:57 | 0:06:03 | |
-Toilet paper was invented in 1857 -by the American, Joseph Gayetty. | 0:06:08 | 0:06:14 | |
-So what did people use before that? | 0:06:15 | 0:06:18 | |
-In different societies -down the ages... | 0:06:18 | 0:06:21 | |
-..people have used -the oddest things. | 0:06:22 | 0:06:25 | |
-For example... | 0:06:25 | 0:06:26 | |
-..feathers. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:28 | |
-Or shells. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:31 | |
-Or even... | 0:06:32 | 0:06:33 | |
-..sweetcorn. | 0:06:34 | 0:06:35 | |
-After eating it, obviously. | 0:06:36 | 0:06:39 | |
-Has any man here, not having -toilet paper in the house... | 0:06:40 | 0:06:43 | |
-..ended up wiping his arse -with a sock? | 0:06:43 | 0:06:47 | |
-I guess there are. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:50 | |
-As we saw earlier in the series -in this house in Tenby... | 0:06:53 | 0:06:57 | |
-..the Tudors didn't use socks. | 0:06:57 | 0:07:01 | |
-They wiped their backsides -with wool. | 0:07:01 | 0:07:05 | |
-It was a similar story -over Offa's Dyke in England. | 0:07:05 | 0:07:10 | |
-In the mid-15th century, a certain -John Russell wrote a long poem... | 0:07:10 | 0:07:15 | |
-..teaching servants -how to look after their masters. | 0:07:15 | 0:07:19 | |
-Its title was The Book Of Nurture. | 0:07:19 | 0:07:21 | |
-It agrees that some kind -of flannel was in favour... | 0:07:22 | 0:07:26 | |
-..for wiping noble backsides. | 0:07:26 | 0:07:28 | |
-This is what he said. | 0:07:28 | 0:07:30 | |
-"Looke ther be blanket, cotyn -or lynyn to wipe the nethur ende | 0:07:30 | 0:07:34 | |
-"And ever when he clepithe, -wayte ready and entende | 0:07:35 | 0:07:38 | |
-"Basoune and ewere, and on -your shuldur a towelle, my frende | 0:07:38 | 0:07:42 | |
-"In this wise worship shalle ye wyn -where that ever ye wende" | 0:07:42 | 0:07:46 | |
-Even in the 15th century... | 0:07:47 | 0:07:49 | |
-..they understood the importance -of washing after going to the loo. | 0:07:49 | 0:07:54 | |
-I asked scientist Ron Cutler -of Queen Mary College... | 0:07:54 | 0:07:58 | |
-..about the best way to clean -yourself after going to the loo... | 0:07:58 | 0:08:03 | |
-..and what are the diseases -we wash off our hands. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:08 | |
-Ron and his team -are doing a survey of toilets... | 0:08:08 | 0:08:13 | |
-..to assess the various risks. | 0:08:13 | 0:08:15 | |
-Here we are in the toilet. -Welcome to my world. | 0:08:15 | 0:08:19 | |
-This is a typical cubicle -that we've been looking at... | 0:08:19 | 0:08:23 | |
-..where you're actually going -to find faecal flora, shall we say. | 0:08:23 | 0:08:27 | |
-Not surprisingly, -on the toilet handle. | 0:08:27 | 0:08:30 | |
-The door handle. | 0:08:31 | 0:08:32 | |
-Even sometimes these dispensers. | 0:08:32 | 0:08:35 | |
-After collecting samples, -he grows bacteria in the lab... | 0:08:36 | 0:08:40 | |
-..to discover what can flourish -on our hands if we don't wash them. | 0:08:40 | 0:08:45 | |
-This is actually MRSA. -It was isolated from a toilet. | 0:08:48 | 0:08:51 | |
-So it's really important to... | 0:08:52 | 0:08:54 | |
-Wash your hands. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:56 | |
-In some countries, people wash -rather than wipe their backsides. | 0:08:58 | 0:09:03 | |
-The norm in Asia -is to wash with the left hand... | 0:09:03 | 0:09:07 | |
-..and eat with the right hand. | 0:09:07 | 0:09:09 | |
-That was one reason why thieves -had their hands chopped off. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:14 | |
-They were obliged to eat and wash -themselves with the same hand. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:19 | |
-But is washing the backside -more hygienic than wiping? | 0:09:19 | 0:09:25 | |
-If you wash your bottom with water, -you're using your hands. | 0:09:25 | 0:09:30 | |
-Therefore, it becomes -even more important... | 0:09:30 | 0:09:34 | |
-..that you wash -your hands afterwards. | 0:09:34 | 0:09:36 | |
-It may be a stimulus -for people to wash their hands. | 0:09:37 | 0:09:40 | |
-Then again, people being -what they are, it may not. | 0:09:40 | 0:09:43 | |
-Although your nether regions -may be clean... | 0:09:43 | 0:09:47 | |
-..your hands may not be so clean. | 0:09:47 | 0:09:49 | |
-As far as paper goes, -there are huge problems. | 0:09:50 | 0:09:53 | |
-Dry paper isn't 100% useful -for removing faeces... | 0:09:54 | 0:09:58 | |
-..from a surface such as skin. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:01 | |
-But however you manage -to wipe your bottom... | 0:10:01 | 0:10:06 | |
-..you absolutely must -wash your hands... | 0:10:06 | 0:10:09 | |
-..even if you're using -toilet paper or wipes. | 0:10:09 | 0:10:12 | |
-It's a matter of preference, -to be honest. | 0:10:12 | 0:10:16 | |
-It seems that the world -can be divided... | 0:10:17 | 0:10:20 | |
-..into bottom wipers -and bottom washers. | 0:10:20 | 0:10:23 | |
-The world is also divided -by how we do our business. | 0:10:23 | 0:10:28 | |
-Sitting or squatting. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:31 | |
-After the break, we see how Japan, -over the last 50 years... | 0:10:33 | 0:10:38 | |
-..has chosen to sit -rather than squat. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:42 | |
-We visit China, to discuss the need -for toilets for the poor... | 0:10:42 | 0:10:46 | |
-..while traders target -the country's new moneyed class. | 0:10:47 | 0:10:52 | |
-. | 0:10:54 | 0:10:54 | |
-Subtitles | 0:10:57 | 0:10:57 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:10:57 | 0:10:59 | |
-Anyone who has travelled abroad... | 0:11:00 | 0:11:02 | |
-..has come across -the hole in the ground toilet... | 0:11:02 | 0:11:06 | |
-..probably feeling rather awkward, -because we're not used to them. | 0:11:07 | 0:11:12 | |
-Have you ever been in a toilet -where you had to squat? | 0:11:13 | 0:11:17 | |
-No, but I've seen them in France. | 0:11:18 | 0:11:20 | |
-I went to Zambia last year -and saw them there. | 0:11:21 | 0:11:24 | |
-Would you risk it? | 0:11:24 | 0:11:26 | |
-Would you risk it? - -If I had to, yes. | 0:11:26 | 0:11:28 | |
-Not very comfortable. | 0:11:28 | 0:11:31 | |
-What were the problems? | 0:11:31 | 0:11:34 | |
-Balance, mainly, trying to stay up. | 0:11:34 | 0:11:37 | |
-Imagine the problem in reverse. | 0:11:38 | 0:11:40 | |
-I remember going to a toilet -in an airport in Bangladesh once. | 0:11:41 | 0:11:45 | |
-There were no squatting toilets, -although that was the norm. | 0:11:45 | 0:11:50 | |
-On a toilet seat like this, -I saw footmarks. | 0:11:50 | 0:11:55 | |
-If you're used to squatting -in the toilet... | 0:11:55 | 0:11:59 | |
-..that's the only way -to use a toilet like this. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:03 | |
-But if the user is heavy like me, -they might break the seat... | 0:12:03 | 0:12:08 | |
-..or even crack the bowl. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:11 | |
-So one Asian company -has designed this hybrid bowl... | 0:12:11 | 0:12:17 | |
-..which you can sit on... | 0:12:17 | 0:12:19 | |
-..or squat over. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:22 | |
-But we can change our habits. | 0:12:22 | 0:12:25 | |
-Japan has some of the world's -most sophisticated toilets. | 0:12:26 | 0:12:31 | |
-Sitting on a toilet here is like -being in an aeroplane cockpit. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:36 | |
-But sitting on a toilet -is fairly recent in Japan. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:41 | |
-Before the Second World War, -squatting was the norm. | 0:12:42 | 0:12:46 | |
-The Americans introduced -seat toilets to Japan... | 0:12:48 | 0:12:51 | |
-..at the end of the war. | 0:12:52 | 0:12:54 | |
-But the Japanese have embraced -the design and made it their own... | 0:12:54 | 0:12:59 | |
-..even with toilets for children. | 0:13:00 | 0:13:02 | |
-But it must be hard -for a whole nation... | 0:13:03 | 0:13:07 | |
-..to change their toilet habits -in one generation. | 0:13:07 | 0:13:12 | |
-This is what author Yoko Mure -said about the "western toilet". | 0:13:12 | 0:13:17 | |
-"The western toilet -is like sitting on a chair. | 0:13:18 | 0:13:22 | |
-"I was horrified. | 0:13:23 | 0:13:24 | |
-"If I got used to such a toilet... | 0:13:24 | 0:13:27 | |
-"..I might start doing my business -every time I sat on a chair... | 0:13:27 | 0:13:32 | |
-"..wherever I was... | 0:13:32 | 0:13:33 | |
-"..even in a lesson -or at the dining table." | 0:13:34 | 0:13:37 | |
-Although the Japanese changed -from squatting to sitting... | 0:13:39 | 0:13:44 | |
-..some scientists believe -that it's healthier to squat. | 0:13:44 | 0:13:49 | |
-Sitting to defecate is more likely -to lead to bowel cancer. | 0:13:50 | 0:13:55 | |
-In the USA, -where people sit on toilets... | 0:13:57 | 0:14:00 | |
-..it's the second -most common cancer. | 0:14:01 | 0:14:04 | |
-But in Asia and Africa, where most -squat to do their business... | 0:14:05 | 0:14:10 | |
-..hardly anyone -suffers from bowel cancer. | 0:14:10 | 0:14:14 | |
-Even now in Japan... | 0:14:15 | 0:14:17 | |
-..the older generation prefers -to use the squatting toilet. | 0:14:17 | 0:14:22 | |
-Architect Junko Kobayashi... | 0:14:23 | 0:14:25 | |
-..specializes -in designing public toilets. | 0:14:25 | 0:14:28 | |
-How does she cater for the needs -of the older and younger generation? | 0:14:29 | 0:14:34 | |
-When I was asked to design toilets -for a shop in Shibuya, Tokyo... | 0:14:39 | 0:14:44 | |
-..the first thing we did -was find out who the users were. | 0:14:44 | 0:14:49 | |
-In this particular shop, -60% of the customers are over 50. | 0:14:53 | 0:14:58 | |
-Although most Japanese toilets -are in the western design now... | 0:14:58 | 0:15:03 | |
-..some older people like -the traditional squatting toilet. | 0:15:03 | 0:15:08 | |
-We made sure there was at least one -squatting toilet on every floor. | 0:15:08 | 0:15:14 | |
-Women shoppers -usually carry several bags... | 0:15:14 | 0:15:18 | |
-..so we make sure -there are plenty of hooks too. | 0:15:19 | 0:15:24 | |
-Having enough hooks... | 0:15:27 | 0:15:29 | |
-..isn't all that worries women -in Japanese toilets. | 0:15:30 | 0:15:34 | |
-The Otohime, the princess's sound, -is a gadget you often find... | 0:15:36 | 0:15:41 | |
-..in women's toilets in Japan. | 0:15:41 | 0:15:43 | |
-There was concern that women -wasted water by flushing... | 0:15:43 | 0:15:47 | |
-..to conceal the sound of peeing, -then flushing again. | 0:15:48 | 0:15:53 | |
-So the princess's sound -was invented. | 0:15:53 | 0:15:57 | |
-RECORDED FLUSHING | 0:15:57 | 0:15:59 | |
-This idea isn't all that recent. | 0:15:59 | 0:16:02 | |
-In the Edo period, when Japanese -princesses went to the toilet... | 0:16:02 | 0:16:07 | |
-..they made sure their maids -stood outside with jugs of water... | 0:16:07 | 0:16:12 | |
-..which they poured, -to conceal the princess's sound. | 0:16:12 | 0:16:17 | |
-We're rather sensitive in Japan. | 0:16:21 | 0:16:24 | |
-We feel very embarrassed -if someone hears us on the toilet. | 0:16:24 | 0:16:29 | |
-That's why, for about 25 years... | 0:16:29 | 0:16:31 | |
-..toilet manufacturers have produced -these gadgets that do that for you. | 0:16:31 | 0:16:37 | |
-But do we really need them? | 0:16:37 | 0:16:41 | |
-After the recent tsunami, -some areas had no electricity. | 0:16:41 | 0:16:46 | |
-I heard about people who couldn't -go to the toilet without them... | 0:16:46 | 0:16:50 | |
-..making themselves ill. | 0:16:50 | 0:16:52 | |
-Maybe we should rethink about our -dependence on high-tech toilets. | 0:16:52 | 0:16:57 | |
-I thought about Junko's remarks... | 0:17:04 | 0:17:06 | |
-..and the way we use too much water -and other resources in toilets. | 0:17:06 | 0:17:11 | |
-Now, the economies of countries -like China and India... | 0:17:11 | 0:17:15 | |
-..are growing at a great rate. | 0:17:16 | 0:17:18 | |
-Will people there expect -electric toilets like Japan soon? | 0:17:18 | 0:17:23 | |
-Or will an alternative -simpler system be required? | 0:17:24 | 0:17:29 | |
-To try to answer the question... | 0:17:36 | 0:17:38 | |
-..I went to the annual conference -of the World Toilet Congress. | 0:17:38 | 0:17:43 | |
-It was first held in 2001. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:49 | |
-This year, it was held -on the Chinese island of Hainan. | 0:17:49 | 0:17:54 | |
-I was surprised that many -of the exhibiting companies... | 0:17:55 | 0:18:00 | |
-..appealed in such a tasteless way -to China's new moneyed class. | 0:18:00 | 0:18:04 | |
-The Japanese aren't the only ones -who like toilet gadgets, clearly. | 0:18:05 | 0:18:10 | |
-But the conference's main aim... | 0:18:11 | 0:18:14 | |
-..is to provide more sustainable -toilets in every country. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:19 | |
-Let's start talking -about toilets in Africa. | 0:18:21 | 0:18:23 | |
-The conference was founded -by Jack Sim. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:28 | |
-Better toilets for all countries. | 0:18:29 | 0:18:31 | |
-Jack is a businessman -from Singapore. | 0:18:31 | 0:18:35 | |
-He decided to dedicate his life -to promoting toilets for people... | 0:18:36 | 0:18:41 | |
-..who don't have them when he -realized the gravity of the problem. | 0:18:41 | 0:18:46 | |
-Forty per cent -of the world population... | 0:18:48 | 0:18:51 | |
-..about 2.6 billion people... | 0:18:51 | 0:18:53 | |
-..still do not have access -to proper toilets. | 0:18:54 | 0:18:57 | |
-Open defecation -pollutes the river... | 0:18:57 | 0:19:00 | |
-..their drinking water, -their lakes... | 0:19:00 | 0:19:04 | |
-..and also spreads diseases... | 0:19:04 | 0:19:06 | |
-..to the scale -of 1.5 million children... | 0:19:07 | 0:19:12 | |
-..dying of diarrhoea every year. | 0:19:12 | 0:19:14 | |
-That is more deaths of children... | 0:19:14 | 0:19:18 | |
-..than measles, HIV -and malaria added up together. | 0:19:18 | 0:19:23 | |
-With his experience in marketing... | 0:19:25 | 0:19:27 | |
-..Jack knew that his first task was -to raise awareness of the problem. | 0:19:28 | 0:19:33 | |
-If we don't talk about something, -we cannot solve it. | 0:19:33 | 0:19:37 | |
-So I created -the World Toilet Organization. | 0:19:37 | 0:19:40 | |
-The idea was to play a pun -on the World Trade Organization... | 0:19:41 | 0:19:46 | |
-..so that we can turn -a very embarrassing subject... | 0:19:46 | 0:19:49 | |
-..into a very humorous subject. | 0:19:49 | 0:19:52 | |
-It actually works, and the -global media took it on very well. | 0:19:52 | 0:19:57 | |
-So turning toilets to humour -started to change the game. | 0:19:59 | 0:20:04 | |
-People are now engaged -in this subject. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:09 | |
-We see a lot of UN agencies -and companies paying attention. | 0:20:09 | 0:20:15 | |
-I think we're on the up trend. | 0:20:15 | 0:20:18 | |
-The lack of toilets -causes many deaths... | 0:20:18 | 0:20:22 | |
-..so there's a huge challenge -facing the delegates. | 0:20:22 | 0:20:27 | |
-We don't have enough -public toilets in our cities. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:31 | |
-Our school toilets -are very, very dated. | 0:20:32 | 0:20:35 | |
-Smell is the key thing -that people complain about. | 0:20:35 | 0:20:39 | |
-This is the user's -comfort and safety programme. | 0:20:39 | 0:20:43 | |
-We suggest creating an international -toilet monitoring centre. | 0:20:43 | 0:20:47 | |
-Public and private partnerships -must work together... | 0:20:47 | 0:20:52 | |
-..to make good hygiene practice -a shared responsibility. | 0:20:52 | 0:20:56 | |
-It has become clear to me -that the lack of toilets... | 0:20:56 | 0:21:00 | |
-..is an enormous problem -facing the Third World. | 0:21:00 | 0:21:04 | |
-Although we heard a lot -about the problem... | 0:21:05 | 0:21:08 | |
-..did we hear about solutions -that might solve it? | 0:21:08 | 0:21:13 | |
-I decided to venture -outside the conference... | 0:21:14 | 0:21:18 | |
-..to see the problems for myself. | 0:21:18 | 0:21:21 | |
-Hainan is being developed -as a holiday centre... | 0:21:22 | 0:21:26 | |
-..by the Chinese authorities, -a sort of interior Hawaii. | 0:21:26 | 0:21:31 | |
-They've realized that high standard -toilets can help attract visitors. | 0:21:35 | 0:21:41 | |
-This was delightful. | 0:21:43 | 0:21:45 | |
-But what about the provision -in more remote areas? | 0:21:45 | 0:21:50 | |
-China's economy -is growing so quickly... | 0:21:54 | 0:21:57 | |
-..that the Chinese apparently buy -19 million toilets a year. | 0:21:58 | 0:22:02 | |
-That's twice the amount -sold in the USA every year. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:06 | |
-But that's mainly in Chinese cities. | 0:22:07 | 0:22:10 | |
-In rural villages like this, -toilets are still scarce. | 0:22:10 | 0:22:14 | |
-As I tried to find one, -my lack of Chinese didn't help. | 0:22:16 | 0:22:21 | |
-LAUGHTER | 0:22:21 | 0:22:23 | |
-This was quite pleasant. | 0:22:29 | 0:22:31 | |
-A poem of greeting to spring -had been placed around the door. | 0:22:31 | 0:22:36 | |
-Maybe we could borrow -that idea in Wales. | 0:22:36 | 0:22:40 | |
-But generally speaking... | 0:22:43 | 0:22:46 | |
-..the Chinese want toilets like -ours. | 0:22:46 | 0:22:50 | |
-They want toilets -of the same standard as the West. | 0:22:52 | 0:22:56 | |
-Of the 2.6 billion people -in the world with no toilets... | 0:22:57 | 0:23:01 | |
-..eighty per cent live in Asia. | 0:23:01 | 0:23:05 | |
-So it's in Asia that the problem... | 0:23:07 | 0:23:10 | |
-..of providing toilets -for the poor has to be solved. | 0:23:11 | 0:23:16 | |
-In the next programme, -I visit Bangladesh... | 0:23:20 | 0:23:24 | |
-..to see how they -tackle the problem. | 0:23:24 | 0:23:27 | |
-In a research centre in Holland, -I see how the microwave... | 0:23:27 | 0:23:32 | |
-..might replace the flush toilet. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:35 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Gwead | 0:23:51 | 0:23:53 | |
-. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:53 |