John Pierce Jones: Yr Atacama Yr Anialwch
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Transcript
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-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:01 | |
-The desert - -arid, desolate, uncompromising. | 0:00:02 | 0:00:05 | |
-A far-reaching barren landscape. | 0:00:08 | 0:00:12 | |
-But it is in these unfamiliar places -that nature flourishes... | 0:00:18 | 0:00:23 | |
-..and inhabitants dwell. | 0:00:23 | 0:00:25 | |
-With vigour and resilience, -they have learnt to survive... | 0:00:29 | 0:00:32 | |
-..and forged a unique way of life. | 0:00:33 | 0:00:36 | |
-But today, it is under pressure -from the modern world. | 0:00:41 | 0:00:45 | |
-Trade and industry -are coveting the desert's resources. | 0:00:45 | 0:00:49 | |
-Natives have had to adapt -quicker than ever before. | 0:00:51 | 0:00:54 | |
-This is the story -of resilient and tenacious people... | 0:00:55 | 0:00:59 | |
-..preserving their habitat -and fighting for the right... | 0:01:00 | 0:01:03 | |
-..to live in the most -challenging places on earth. | 0:01:04 | 0:01:08 | |
-You only need one word -to describe this place. | 0:01:34 | 0:01:38 | |
-Dry. | 0:01:38 | 0:01:40 | |
-So incredibly dry in parts... | 0:01:40 | 0:01:43 | |
-..that no bacteria -is able to thrive here. | 0:01:43 | 0:01:47 | |
-And if no bacteria thrives, -what chance do people have? | 0:01:47 | 0:01:50 | |
-Welcome to the Atacama Desert, -one of the driest places on earth. | 0:01:51 | 0:01:55 | |
-Some areas haven't seen a drop -of rain for at least 400 years. | 0:01:55 | 0:02:00 | |
-But somehow, -communities have flourished here. | 0:02:04 | 0:02:07 | |
-Colourful communities -full of fun and spirit. | 0:02:08 | 0:02:11 | |
-But the Atacama has witnessed -its fair share of bleak times too. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:20 | |
-These parched lands -retain the secrets of the past. | 0:02:22 | 0:02:25 | |
-The worst atrocities -are still in living memory. | 0:02:31 | 0:02:35 | |
-The Atacama faces -another bleak period in its history. | 0:02:35 | 0:02:39 | |
-Mining companies are busy -ravaging the desert's treasures... | 0:02:42 | 0:02:46 | |
-..by redirecting -its most precious resource... | 0:02:46 | 0:02:49 | |
-..and sucking the life -from the ground. | 0:02:50 | 0:02:53 | |
-Scarce water that once sustained -people is now sustaining business. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:59 | |
-And yet, perhaps -it is in this infertile land... | 0:03:02 | 0:03:06 | |
-..that we may solve some of the -biggest mysteries of the universe... | 0:03:06 | 0:03:11 | |
-..and discover -there is life on other planets. | 0:03:11 | 0:03:14 | |
-I'm venturing into the heart of -the Atacama to observe its wonders. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:20 | |
-It's also a personal pilgrimage... | 0:03:23 | 0:03:25 | |
-..since I've been brought up... | 0:03:26 | 0:03:28 | |
-..hearing stories about Antofagasta -and Taltal, the Atacama's ports. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:34 | |
-But there is also -one tragic family tale... | 0:03:34 | 0:03:39 | |
-..to do with the Atacama. | 0:03:39 | 0:03:43 | |
-I hope being here -will shed light on the story. | 0:03:43 | 0:03:46 | |
-A town in the Andean highlands. | 0:03:55 | 0:03:58 | |
-In the mountains above the town... | 0:03:58 | 0:04:02 | |
-..my journey begins. | 0:04:02 | 0:04:05 | |
-These mountains prevent the clouds -from reaching the Atacama. | 0:04:05 | 0:04:10 | |
-That is why it is so dry here. | 0:04:10 | 0:04:12 | |
-But in these barren highlands... | 0:04:13 | 0:04:15 | |
-..farmers -are trying to scrape a living. | 0:04:15 | 0:04:19 | |
-Benita Panire is one such farmer. | 0:04:25 | 0:04:28 | |
-She has farmed here for 60 years. | 0:04:29 | 0:04:32 | |
-Alone. | 0:04:33 | 0:04:34 | |
-It's a hard life. | 0:04:41 | 0:04:43 | |
-It's challenging for anyone. | 0:04:44 | 0:04:46 | |
-Lucky I was brought up on a farm. | 0:04:51 | 0:04:54 | |
-I might've been raised on a farm, -but the lack of oxygen here... | 0:04:58 | 0:05:02 | |
-..is affecting me. | 0:05:02 | 0:05:04 | |
-I'm out of breath. | 0:05:04 | 0:05:06 | |
-We're 10,000 feet above sea level -and the air is thin. | 0:05:07 | 0:05:10 | |
-Compared to Snowdon, -it's three times as high. | 0:05:11 | 0:05:15 | |
-For Benita, it's not the height... | 0:05:15 | 0:05:18 | |
-..but the extreme weather -that poses the biggest problem. | 0:05:18 | 0:05:23 | |
-The wind -is the worst thing in winter. | 0:05:23 | 0:05:26 | |
-There is dust everywhere -and it's very cold. | 0:05:26 | 0:05:30 | |
-Benita has no electricity -or running water. | 0:05:30 | 0:05:35 | |
-Years ago, she walked miles -to fetch water from a mountain well. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:40 | |
-But the journey -has since become too much for her. | 0:05:42 | 0:05:46 | |
-She relies -on the kindness of neighbours... | 0:05:47 | 0:05:50 | |
-..and avoids wasting a single drop. | 0:05:50 | 0:05:53 | |
-They bring me water every week -which lasts from seven to 15 days... | 0:05:56 | 0:06:02 | |
-..if I use it sparingly. | 0:06:03 | 0:06:05 | |
-Benita farms here alone... | 0:06:09 | 0:06:12 | |
-..and follows the same -farming methods as the Incas. | 0:06:13 | 0:06:17 | |
-Incan remains can be found nearby. | 0:06:17 | 0:06:20 | |
-Despite the hardship, she is -continuing the ancient tradition... | 0:06:21 | 0:06:25 | |
-..and the old way of life. | 0:06:25 | 0:06:27 | |
-Benita's nephew, Rene, -is a frequent visitor. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:34 | |
-He is the elder of a community which -lives at the foot of the mountain... | 0:06:34 | 0:06:40 | |
-..in the town of Ayquina. | 0:06:40 | 0:06:42 | |
-But life -isn't any easier here either. | 0:06:43 | 0:06:46 | |
-HE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:06:51 | 0:06:53 | |
-I worry about -our standard of living. | 0:06:53 | 0:06:56 | |
-It's the 21st century, but it's like -people are living in the Stone Age. | 0:06:56 | 0:07:01 | |
-There is no running water -and no sewage system. | 0:07:04 | 0:07:07 | |
-People must use the open fields. | 0:07:07 | 0:07:10 | |
-Although Ayquina -looks like a sprawling town... | 0:07:15 | 0:07:18 | |
-..only 70 people live here -throughout the year. | 0:07:19 | 0:07:22 | |
-A lack of resources -is the reason for this. | 0:07:23 | 0:07:27 | |
-Even if there were -a water supply here... | 0:07:27 | 0:07:30 | |
-..residents wouldn't be able -to drink it because in Chile... | 0:07:30 | 0:07:35 | |
-..water is a privatized resource. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:38 | |
-Residents may sell water rations -provided by the government... | 0:07:38 | 0:07:44 | |
-..for the best price. | 0:07:44 | 0:07:46 | |
-It's a strange system -in a strange town. | 0:07:46 | 0:07:49 | |
-But if the streets -are usually empty... | 0:07:49 | 0:07:52 | |
-..twice a year that all changes. | 0:07:52 | 0:07:55 | |
-RHYTHMIC DRUMBEAT | 0:07:55 | 0:07:58 | |
-This is the main procession -for the town's three-day festival... | 0:08:15 | 0:08:19 | |
-..dedicated to its patron. | 0:08:19 | 0:08:21 | |
-The Spaniards brought a statue -of the Virgin of Guadalupe here... | 0:08:22 | 0:08:26 | |
-..and she disappeared. | 0:08:27 | 0:08:29 | |
-Locals have been busy for weeks -making bread and food... | 0:08:29 | 0:08:33 | |
-..and arranging flowers for -the many visitors who flock here. | 0:08:33 | 0:08:37 | |
-The costumes, dances and rituals -date back to the Pagan roots... | 0:08:38 | 0:08:44 | |
-..of the native tribes. | 0:08:44 | 0:08:46 | |
-Before you start tutting... | 0:08:47 | 0:08:49 | |
-..what about Santes Dwynwen -and Santes Brid, or even Christmas? | 0:08:49 | 0:08:54 | |
-Today the people celebrate -the miraculous appearance... | 0:08:56 | 0:09:01 | |
-..of the Virgin of Guadalupe. | 0:09:01 | 0:09:04 | |
-Nobody knows for certain -on which day the Virgin appeared... | 0:09:07 | 0:09:12 | |
-..almost 400 years ago. | 0:09:12 | 0:09:14 | |
-So in order to escape her scorn, -residents hold two celebrations. | 0:09:15 | 0:09:20 | |
-In September and December. | 0:09:21 | 0:09:23 | |
-How religious! | 0:09:23 | 0:09:25 | |
-This is a tight-knit community... | 0:09:27 | 0:09:30 | |
-..and everybody -contributes to the festivities. | 0:09:30 | 0:09:34 | |
-Rene's aunt makes the popcorn. | 0:09:34 | 0:09:36 | |
-It's a feast for the entire family. | 0:09:38 | 0:09:43 | |
-At its peak, the festival -sees more than 70,000 people... | 0:09:46 | 0:09:51 | |
-..descend on Ayquina. | 0:09:51 | 0:09:53 | |
-There is no denying -the joy and jubilation. | 0:09:54 | 0:09:57 | |
-But the celebrating -masks a sad reality. | 0:09:57 | 0:10:00 | |
-This community -and its unique culture... | 0:10:00 | 0:10:03 | |
-..is under threat. | 0:10:04 | 0:10:06 | |
-Only a minority of people work hard -to preserve this tradition. | 0:10:07 | 0:10:12 | |
-Although the visitors are native -to the village, they've moved away. | 0:10:12 | 0:10:17 | |
-But they return -to keep the ritual alive... | 0:10:17 | 0:10:20 | |
-..and to help those who remain. | 0:10:21 | 0:10:23 | |
-One of the biggest tragedies -in all of this... | 0:10:23 | 0:10:27 | |
-..is that the native language -is taking its last breath. | 0:10:27 | 0:10:32 | |
-That is the price -they've had to pay for growth. | 0:10:32 | 0:10:37 | |
-The inhabitants of Ayquina -are descendents of the Aymara tribe. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:42 | |
-Their history in the Andes -dates back more than 2,000 years. | 0:10:42 | 0:10:47 | |
-Their costumes, music, -dance and language... | 0:10:49 | 0:10:53 | |
-..originate from an era... | 0:10:53 | 0:10:55 | |
-..before the first Europeans -set foot on their land. | 0:10:56 | 0:10:59 | |
-They also hold the secret -to the long survival of the Aymara. | 0:11:02 | 0:11:07 | |
-In such a dry place as this... | 0:11:07 | 0:11:09 | |
-..how was it possible -for a civilized society to thrive? | 0:11:10 | 0:11:15 | |
-. | 0:11:16 | 0:11:17 | |
-Subtitles | 0:11:20 | 0:11:20 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:11:20 | 0:11:22 | |
-In the shadow of the Andes -in the Atacama Desert... | 0:11:28 | 0:11:32 | |
-..the residents of Ayquina -are eager to reveal a secret. | 0:11:32 | 0:11:36 | |
-The secret to the survival -of their ancestors, the Aymara. | 0:11:36 | 0:11:41 | |
-This is one of -the driest places in the world. | 0:11:45 | 0:11:48 | |
-It has always been that way. | 0:11:48 | 0:11:50 | |
-We're here at one of -the Atacama's archaeological sites. | 0:11:51 | 0:11:55 | |
-You'd never believe it, -but more than 1,000 years ago... | 0:11:55 | 0:11:59 | |
-..this was greenery. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:01 | |
-People farmed these arid plains... | 0:12:01 | 0:12:05 | |
-..and kept animals. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:07 | |
-They grew vegetables and plants. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:10 | |
-Generations of people lived here. | 0:12:10 | 0:12:13 | |
-"Where did they find water?" -you may ask. | 0:12:14 | 0:12:16 | |
-Remember, -this was more than 1,000 years ago. | 0:12:16 | 0:12:20 | |
-From that mountain -in the distance... | 0:12:20 | 0:12:23 | |
-..they created a hydraulic system -of tunnels and pipes... | 0:12:23 | 0:12:29 | |
-..which extended -all the way down to here... | 0:12:29 | 0:12:32 | |
-..to irrigate -these plots in the plains... | 0:12:33 | 0:12:36 | |
-..so that vegetables would grow. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:38 | |
-But what about -during the long winters... | 0:12:39 | 0:12:42 | |
-..when the glaciers didn't melt? | 0:12:42 | 0:12:44 | |
-According to Cesar Milan, -a local archaeologist... | 0:12:44 | 0:12:48 | |
-..this is when the Aymara's -ingenuity came to the fore. | 0:12:49 | 0:12:53 | |
-This dam was built -with random holes. | 0:12:57 | 0:13:00 | |
-These holes could be opened -or closed to control the flow. | 0:13:01 | 0:13:04 | |
-People devised a way of cultivating -food and a way of life... | 0:13:07 | 0:13:12 | |
-..that is still relevant today. | 0:13:12 | 0:13:14 | |
-They were -very contemporary for their time. | 0:13:14 | 0:13:18 | |
-We can all learn a lesson... | 0:13:18 | 0:13:21 | |
-..from the Aymara's resourcefulness. | 0:13:21 | 0:13:24 | |
-When a close-knit community shares -the same dogged determination... | 0:13:24 | 0:13:29 | |
-..they can overcome -any hardship and achieve anything. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:33 | |
-More than 1,000 years later... | 0:13:38 | 0:13:40 | |
-..the Aymara's legacy -is still reviving the land. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:44 | |
-Today, on the slopes -beneath Ayquina... | 0:13:49 | 0:13:52 | |
-..there is a hidden oasis. | 0:13:53 | 0:13:55 | |
-Terraces of crops... | 0:13:57 | 0:14:00 | |
-..irrigated by water channels... | 0:14:00 | 0:14:03 | |
-..which spring from a mountain well. | 0:14:03 | 0:14:05 | |
-The system is almost -a carbon copy of the Aymara's. | 0:14:12 | 0:14:16 | |
-These vegetables look wonderful. -I grow my own vegetables at home. | 0:14:23 | 0:14:28 | |
-These acorns and sweetcorn -are much better than mine. | 0:14:28 | 0:14:32 | |
-But then again, I have plenty of -water. But my potatoes are better! | 0:14:32 | 0:14:36 | |
-What's this? | 0:14:39 | 0:14:41 | |
-It's a simple question, but why -is the answer so long winded? | 0:14:42 | 0:14:46 | |
-WOMAN SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:14:47 | 0:14:49 | |
-There's only one thing for it - -I'll taste it, whatever it's called. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:04 | |
-This is definitely pepper. | 0:15:06 | 0:15:09 | |
-She thinks it's funny! | 0:15:11 | 0:15:13 | |
-I need some water. | 0:15:16 | 0:15:18 | |
-Yes, water, the secret of -the Aymara's agricultural success. | 0:15:20 | 0:15:24 | |
-But not everything -in the Garden of Eden is rosy. | 0:15:30 | 0:15:34 | |
-These days, -industrialists with deep pockets... | 0:15:34 | 0:15:39 | |
-..are vying for -the Atacama's water... | 0:15:39 | 0:15:43 | |
-..by redirecting -this scarce resource... | 0:15:43 | 0:15:46 | |
-..and threatening -to change the desert for ever. | 0:15:46 | 0:15:50 | |
-Despite the desolate landscape... | 0:15:56 | 0:15:59 | |
-..there are treasures -hiding beneath this wilderness. | 0:15:59 | 0:16:03 | |
-Gold, silver... | 0:16:05 | 0:16:07 | |
-..iron, copper, lithium. | 0:16:07 | 0:16:10 | |
-There's an abundance -of each one here. | 0:16:10 | 0:16:14 | |
-Mining is incredibly lucrative. | 0:16:16 | 0:16:19 | |
-There are hundreds of mines the -length and breadth of the desert. | 0:16:19 | 0:16:25 | |
-Underfoot is over half -the world's lithium supply. | 0:16:28 | 0:16:32 | |
-Chile -currently produces more copper... | 0:16:32 | 0:16:34 | |
-..than any other country. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:37 | |
-But why is the Atacama... | 0:16:40 | 0:16:43 | |
-..so rich in minerals? | 0:16:43 | 0:16:45 | |
-In order to answer that question... | 0:16:45 | 0:16:48 | |
-..we must go back -more than a hundred million years. | 0:16:48 | 0:16:52 | |
-Long ago, -it wasn't a desert, it was a sea. | 0:16:52 | 0:16:55 | |
-The seas receded... | 0:16:56 | 0:16:59 | |
-..leaving saltwater lakes behind. | 0:16:59 | 0:17:02 | |
-When they eventually dried up, -all that remained was salt crystal. | 0:17:02 | 0:17:07 | |
-In Wales, a block of salt... | 0:17:12 | 0:17:14 | |
-..wouldn't survive in the open air - -it would instantly melt in the rain. | 0:17:14 | 0:17:19 | |
-But there is practically -no moisture in the Atacama. | 0:17:19 | 0:17:23 | |
-Salt can be mined on a vast scale. | 0:17:23 | 0:17:26 | |
-One of the largest mines -in the Atacama... | 0:17:30 | 0:17:33 | |
-..is the Salar Grande de Tarapaca. | 0:17:34 | 0:17:36 | |
-The reservoir is 5km wide... | 0:17:38 | 0:17:40 | |
-..and measures 45km in length. | 0:17:41 | 0:17:44 | |
-There is enough salt here for every -person in the world for centuries. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:52 | |
-Salt of the earth? This is it. | 0:17:59 | 0:18:01 | |
-But the business magnates -face one basic problem. | 0:18:07 | 0:18:11 | |
-The process of mining minerals -like copper and lithium... | 0:18:13 | 0:18:17 | |
-..utilises vast amounts of water. | 0:18:18 | 0:18:20 | |
-Water is the one thing -that's scarce here. | 0:18:22 | 0:18:25 | |
-That's why the major companies -are so keen to buy more of it. | 0:18:25 | 0:18:29 | |
-The inhabitants of the Atacama... | 0:18:31 | 0:18:33 | |
-..receive water rations -from the government annually. | 0:18:34 | 0:18:37 | |
-But instead of using them, -they are able to sell them. | 0:18:38 | 0:18:41 | |
-Usually... | 0:18:41 | 0:18:43 | |
-..the major mining companies are -the ones offering the highest price. | 0:18:44 | 0:18:49 | |
-For villages and towns -throughout the Atacama... | 0:18:49 | 0:18:52 | |
-..the ramifications are detrimental. | 0:18:53 | 0:18:55 | |
-I'm on the outskirts of Quillagua... | 0:18:57 | 0:19:00 | |
-..one of the driest places -on the face of the earth. | 0:19:00 | 0:19:04 | |
-It has earned a place -in the Guinness Book Of Records. | 0:19:04 | 0:19:07 | |
-Every morning, -Quillagua's officials... | 0:19:10 | 0:19:13 | |
-..meet to perform -a completely unnecessary ceremony. | 0:19:14 | 0:19:18 | |
-This is the instrument -used to measure rainwater. | 0:19:22 | 0:19:25 | |
-The most idle rain gauge -in all the world! | 0:19:26 | 0:19:29 | |
-It hasn't measured -a single drop of rain in 40 years. | 0:19:31 | 0:19:34 | |
-Thank goodness -Andres has a second job. | 0:19:36 | 0:19:38 | |
-He's the owner -of the village's only hotel. | 0:19:40 | 0:19:43 | |
-He gives the same old spiel -to every new visitor... | 0:19:43 | 0:19:47 | |
-..who stays here. | 0:19:47 | 0:19:49 | |
-Here in Quillagua, -the water is rationed. | 0:19:50 | 0:19:53 | |
-Residents receive a small ration. | 0:19:53 | 0:19:56 | |
-No-one is allowed to use... | 0:19:58 | 0:20:00 | |
-..more than -42 litres of water a day. | 0:20:01 | 0:20:04 | |
-I'm so glad you won't be able -to smell me for the next few days! | 0:20:04 | 0:20:08 | |
-The weekly supply -is delivered by truck... | 0:20:14 | 0:20:17 | |
-..which is odd because -Quillagua is a former spa town. | 0:20:17 | 0:20:21 | |
-It stands on the banks -of the Atacama's largest river. | 0:20:24 | 0:20:27 | |
-The River Loa. | 0:20:28 | 0:20:30 | |
-The Loa flows... | 0:20:36 | 0:20:38 | |
-..from the Andes, through -the desert to the Pacific Ocean. | 0:20:39 | 0:20:43 | |
-Years ago, it allowed -the wilderness to flourish. | 0:20:48 | 0:20:51 | |
-What has become of it -is something of a mystery. | 0:20:56 | 0:21:01 | |
-In search of the answer, -I invite myself to dinner... | 0:21:07 | 0:21:10 | |
-..with Andres -and brother Miguel's family. | 0:21:11 | 0:21:14 | |
-I love meeting new people... | 0:21:16 | 0:21:19 | |
-..but there's a certain awkwardness -around the table. | 0:21:19 | 0:21:22 | |
-The meal is delicious. | 0:21:23 | 0:21:25 | |
-Nothing beats home-cooked food, but -the family makes apologies for it. | 0:21:25 | 0:21:30 | |
-They tell me a decade ago... | 0:21:32 | 0:21:34 | |
-..they would've offered me -a wide range of local delicacies... | 0:21:34 | 0:21:38 | |
-..including lobster from the river. | 0:21:39 | 0:21:41 | |
-Miguel is a farmer. | 0:21:44 | 0:21:46 | |
-After lunch, he leads me -to the banks of the river... | 0:21:46 | 0:21:50 | |
-..to show me the family's land -which was once very fertile. | 0:21:50 | 0:21:54 | |
-These photographs -were taken between 1982 and 1987. | 0:21:54 | 0:21:59 | |
-These are photographs of -the field we're standing in today. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:05 | |
-Years ago, we set traps -to catch lobster from the river. | 0:22:07 | 0:22:11 | |
-They had large claws. | 0:22:12 | 0:22:14 | |
-One was enough for breakfast. | 0:22:18 | 0:22:20 | |
-With some fried onions, -it was a breakfast fit for a king. | 0:22:20 | 0:22:24 | |
-But things rapidly changed. | 0:22:32 | 0:22:35 | |
-In 1987, the Chilean government -agreed on a plan... | 0:22:35 | 0:22:39 | |
-..to redirect -almost 70% of the river's water... | 0:22:39 | 0:22:43 | |
-..to be used -for industrial purposes. | 0:22:43 | 0:22:46 | |
-It was about to get much worse. | 0:22:47 | 0:22:49 | |
-Upstream is one of -the world's largest copper mines... | 0:22:49 | 0:22:53 | |
-..which uses xanthate. | 0:22:53 | 0:22:55 | |
-According to experts in the field... | 0:22:55 | 0:22:58 | |
-..it has polluted the River Loa. | 0:22:59 | 0:23:02 | |
-By the year 2000, xanthate levels -in the water were incredibly high. | 0:23:02 | 0:23:08 | |
-It was also polluted -with mercury and arsenic. | 0:23:08 | 0:23:11 | |
-The lobster, along with everything -that lived close to the bank, died. | 0:23:13 | 0:23:17 | |
-It's ironic to think -that I'm here... | 0:23:19 | 0:23:23 | |
-..in one of -the driest places on Earth... | 0:23:23 | 0:23:26 | |
-..close to -the community of Quillagua... | 0:23:26 | 0:23:29 | |
-..and sitting on a riverbank. | 0:23:29 | 0:23:31 | |
-But that's precisely -why this community was formed. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:35 | |
-This was once a fertile oasis. | 0:23:36 | 0:23:39 | |
-But after the miners -took possession of it... | 0:23:43 | 0:23:47 | |
-..the crops withered. | 0:23:47 | 0:23:49 | |
-The water -flowed through the copper mines. | 0:23:51 | 0:23:55 | |
-What came back down the river... | 0:23:55 | 0:23:57 | |
-..was highly-polluted water. | 0:23:58 | 0:24:02 | |
-A ration for polluted water -is good for nothing. | 0:24:03 | 0:24:08 | |
-More than half -have sold their rations... | 0:24:08 | 0:24:11 | |
-..to the company -which caused the problem. | 0:24:12 | 0:24:14 | |
-Before we leave, Quillagua -has one further secret to reveal. | 0:24:15 | 0:24:20 | |
-. | 0:24:23 | 0:24:24 | |
-Subtitles | 0:24:28 | 0:24:28 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:24:28 | 0:24:30 | |
-Dry and desolate. | 0:24:39 | 0:24:42 | |
-This description -could well sum up the Atacama. | 0:24:42 | 0:24:46 | |
-But people have survived here -for 10,000 years... | 0:24:46 | 0:24:50 | |
-..and established -an ancient culture. | 0:24:50 | 0:24:53 | |
-The landscape itself -is testament to that. | 0:24:53 | 0:24:56 | |
-Pictures in the sand have stood -the test of time in the dry terrain. | 0:25:01 | 0:25:06 | |
-Remains of its ancient history... | 0:25:11 | 0:25:13 | |
-..can be found -in many different forms. | 0:25:14 | 0:25:16 | |
-Some are enough -to give you a fright. | 0:25:17 | 0:25:22 | |
-Felisa Sosa, curator of Quillagua's -museum, is a real character. | 0:25:28 | 0:25:33 | |
-Considering the artefacts -she guards, it's a good job! | 0:25:33 | 0:25:37 | |
-These are Chinchorro mummies, -the remains of an ancient tribe... | 0:25:43 | 0:25:47 | |
-..who lived in the Atacama -thousands of years ago. | 0:25:48 | 0:25:51 | |
-The elders believed... | 0:25:53 | 0:25:56 | |
-..that the mummies -were able to commune with the dead. | 0:25:56 | 0:26:00 | |
-Their eyes and mouths were opened... | 0:26:00 | 0:26:03 | |
-..so that they -could speak with both worlds. | 0:26:03 | 0:26:06 | |
-The living -and the dead on other side. | 0:26:07 | 0:26:09 | |
-No. | 0:26:13 | 0:26:15 | |
-A museum in Wales would preserve -precious artefacts like these... | 0:26:16 | 0:26:23 | |
-..in special cases -to keep them free from moisture. | 0:26:23 | 0:26:27 | |
-But there is no need -for Felicia to be concerned. | 0:26:30 | 0:26:34 | |
-The air is so incredibly dry -that nothing rots. | 0:26:34 | 0:26:38 | |
-Bald. No hair? | 0:26:41 | 0:26:44 | |
-Among the mummies... | 0:26:48 | 0:26:50 | |
-..is one -with a completely different story. | 0:26:50 | 0:26:54 | |
-This wasn't -one of the Chinchorro tribe... | 0:26:55 | 0:26:58 | |
-..but a slave -or a coolie from China. | 0:26:58 | 0:27:01 | |
-He was enslaved -a century and a half ago... | 0:27:03 | 0:27:06 | |
-..and brought to the Atacama -to work in the mines. | 0:27:06 | 0:27:09 | |
-Forensic tests -carried out on his liver... | 0:27:10 | 0:27:13 | |
-..show that he was a slave... | 0:27:13 | 0:27:15 | |
-..in more than one way. | 0:27:16 | 0:27:18 | |
-His masters plied him -with nothing more than alcohol. | 0:27:18 | 0:27:22 | |
-This was a cruel chapter -in the Atacama's history. | 0:27:25 | 0:27:29 | |
-I can sense spirits of the past... | 0:27:46 | 0:27:48 | |
-..convening everywhere here. | 0:27:48 | 0:27:51 | |
-Around every corner are the remnants -of old industries and communities... | 0:27:53 | 0:27:59 | |
-..which evolved quickly -only to disappear soon afterwards... | 0:27:59 | 0:28:04 | |
-..once the desert -yielded its minerals and wealth. | 0:28:04 | 0:28:08 | |
-Chacabuco is a place... | 0:28:12 | 0:28:14 | |
-..that is significant -to me personally. | 0:28:15 | 0:28:18 | |
-Among the ruins... | 0:28:20 | 0:28:22 | |
-..I'm hoping to learn more -about a sad tale... | 0:28:22 | 0:28:26 | |
-..in my family's history. | 0:28:26 | 0:28:28 | |
-It's evident that a civilised town -once stood here... | 0:28:28 | 0:28:33 | |
-..in a remote creek... | 0:28:33 | 0:28:36 | |
-..in one of -the most barren places on earth. | 0:28:36 | 0:28:39 | |
-A scarcity of water -wasn't all bad... | 0:28:39 | 0:28:42 | |
-..because it provided salvation -for the Atacama. | 0:28:42 | 0:28:46 | |
-It attracted people and industry. | 0:28:46 | 0:28:48 | |
-Saltpetre formed due to the dry air -and rain was unlikely to melt it. | 0:28:48 | 0:28:55 | |
-It was used to make gunpowder... | 0:28:55 | 0:28:59 | |
-..and land fertilizer. | 0:29:00 | 0:29:03 | |
-This is what -connects the Atacama with Wales. | 0:29:03 | 0:29:08 | |
-In its heyday... | 0:29:11 | 0:29:13 | |
-..Chile exported Chacabuco saltpetre -to four corners of the world. | 0:29:13 | 0:29:18 | |
-The country's ports were known -to people on every continent... | 0:29:18 | 0:29:22 | |
-..including people in Wales. | 0:29:23 | 0:29:25 | |
-Workers flocked here -and enjoyed a wealth of amenities... | 0:29:30 | 0:29:35 | |
-..such as a church, -a theatre and a hospital. | 0:29:35 | 0:29:38 | |
-When I told people in Newborough, -the town in which I was raised... | 0:29:48 | 0:29:53 | |
-..that I was coming to Chile, -they were surprised. | 0:29:53 | 0:29:56 | |
-If I'd said that 100 years ago, -most of the men would've been here. | 0:29:57 | 0:30:01 | |
-Wales's seamen -were familiar with Chile. | 0:30:01 | 0:30:04 | |
-I've been brought up hearing about -Taltal and Valparaiso. | 0:30:05 | 0:30:09 | |
-There is one tragic story -in my family's history... | 0:30:09 | 0:30:13 | |
-..involving my grandmother's -brother, Thomas Pierce... | 0:30:13 | 0:30:17 | |
-..who was a young officer -aboard a ship called The Pengwern. | 0:30:17 | 0:30:21 | |
-It came from San Francisco... | 0:30:21 | 0:30:23 | |
-..to collect a load -of saltpetre from Taltal... | 0:30:23 | 0:30:27 | |
-..the Atacama's principal port. | 0:30:27 | 0:30:30 | |
-On the return journey -close to Hamburg, the ship sunk... | 0:30:30 | 0:30:34 | |
-..and all the passengers drowned. | 0:30:34 | 0:30:37 | |
-They were from Newborough, -Lleyn and Eifionydd. | 0:30:37 | 0:30:40 | |
-They say the village was silent -for a fortnight after the tragedy. | 0:30:40 | 0:30:45 | |
-I've finally had the chance -to visit the place... | 0:30:45 | 0:30:49 | |
-..I'd heard so much about -during my childhood. | 0:30:49 | 0:30:52 | |
-But while Chacabuco -was at its peak... | 0:30:56 | 0:31:00 | |
-..times quickly changed. | 0:31:00 | 0:31:02 | |
-During the First World War, Chile -refused to export goods to Germany. | 0:31:04 | 0:31:10 | |
-If the enemy wanted gunpowder... | 0:31:11 | 0:31:14 | |
-..it would have to produce its own, -and that's precisely what happened. | 0:31:14 | 0:31:19 | |
-Germany discovered a way -of producing synthetic saltpetre... | 0:31:19 | 0:31:24 | |
-..for a fraction of the price. | 0:31:24 | 0:31:26 | |
-It did not bode well -for the Atacama's saltpetre towns. | 0:31:26 | 0:31:32 | |
-Germany put paid -to the industry here. | 0:31:33 | 0:31:36 | |
-Dozens of towns like this -were depopulated. | 0:31:36 | 0:31:39 | |
-But Chacabuco -served another purpose... | 0:31:42 | 0:31:46 | |
-..in one of the grimmest years -in Chile's history. | 0:31:46 | 0:31:50 | |
-In 1973, General Augusto Pinochet... | 0:31:53 | 0:31:57 | |
-..led a military coup... | 0:31:57 | 0:32:00 | |
-..to overthrow -the democratic government of Chile. | 0:32:00 | 0:32:04 | |
-With the support -of the United States... | 0:32:06 | 0:32:09 | |
-..Pinochet -killed his socialist opponents... | 0:32:10 | 0:32:13 | |
-..and had them incarcerated where -they endured torture and violence. | 0:32:14 | 0:32:19 | |
-Pinochet claimed that -Chacabuco was the perfect place... | 0:32:22 | 0:32:26 | |
-..in which -to keep his enemies interned. | 0:32:27 | 0:32:29 | |
-1,800 teaches, students, blue-collar -and white collar-workers... | 0:32:34 | 0:32:39 | |
-..were incarcerated here. | 0:32:39 | 0:32:41 | |
-Chacabuco served its final purpose. | 0:32:46 | 0:32:49 | |
-It became a torture prison -for Pinochet's henchmen. | 0:32:49 | 0:32:54 | |
-It was far from anywhere -so no-one could hear the screams. | 0:32:54 | 0:32:59 | |
-Unfortunately, this wasn't -the last of Pinochet's crimes... | 0:32:59 | 0:33:03 | |
-..in the Atacama. | 0:33:03 | 0:33:05 | |
-. | 0:33:11 | 0:33:12 | |
-Subtitles | 0:33:15 | 0:33:15 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:33:15 | 0:33:17 | |
-Calama - -a city in the Atacama Desert... | 0:33:20 | 0:33:23 | |
-..in Chile. | 0:33:23 | 0:33:25 | |
-I've come to meet a woman... | 0:33:29 | 0:33:31 | |
-..who, for 40 years, -has led a campaign for justice. | 0:33:31 | 0:33:34 | |
-For Violeta Berios, -the Atacama isn't just a desert... | 0:33:39 | 0:33:43 | |
-..it's a cemetery in which her lover -and many young men are buried. | 0:33:43 | 0:33:47 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:33:51 | 0:33:53 | |
-Mario was a handsome man. | 0:33:53 | 0:33:56 | |
-He was an ordinary, -working class man... | 0:33:56 | 0:33:59 | |
-..who belonged to -a left-wing party... | 0:34:00 | 0:34:04 | |
-..that ultimately led him -to his grave. | 0:34:04 | 0:34:07 | |
-Within weeks -of Pinochet coming to power... | 0:34:10 | 0:34:13 | |
-..a special commission -within his army... | 0:34:14 | 0:34:17 | |
-..was deployed to Calama -by helicopter. | 0:34:17 | 0:34:20 | |
-Residents aptly named the convoy -the Caravan of Death. | 0:34:20 | 0:34:24 | |
-The caravan's commander-in-chief -and friend of Pinochet... | 0:34:25 | 0:34:29 | |
-..was Sergio Arellano Stark... | 0:34:29 | 0:34:32 | |
-..who took great pride -in his duties. | 0:34:32 | 0:34:35 | |
-Mario came to his attention. | 0:34:38 | 0:34:41 | |
-Mario was arrested... | 0:34:47 | 0:34:50 | |
-..on the 30th of September. | 0:34:50 | 0:34:52 | |
-He was imprisoned for a fortnight -underground and tortured. | 0:34:53 | 0:34:58 | |
-They did what they wanted to him. | 0:34:58 | 0:35:01 | |
-By the next time I saw him... | 0:35:02 | 0:35:04 | |
-..he was a broken man. | 0:35:05 | 0:35:07 | |
-He had lost weight and was covered -in wounds on his head... | 0:35:08 | 0:35:13 | |
-..and arms. | 0:35:14 | 0:35:15 | |
-I'll never forget it. | 0:35:16 | 0:35:18 | |
-"What happened to you, Mario?" -I asked. | 0:35:18 | 0:35:21 | |
-"If only you saw -the rest of my body," he said. | 0:35:21 | 0:35:24 | |
-Violeta never saw -her boyfriend again. | 0:35:29 | 0:35:32 | |
-The next time -I visited the prison... | 0:35:42 | 0:35:44 | |
-..Mario had gone. | 0:35:45 | 0:35:47 | |
-I went to -the Rodriguez family home... | 0:35:47 | 0:35:50 | |
-..and as I arrived, -I heard the wailing and screaming. | 0:35:50 | 0:35:55 | |
-I knocked on the door and they -said to me, "They've killed him." | 0:35:55 | 0:35:59 | |
-"They've killed him." | 0:36:00 | 0:36:03 | |
-Mario, along with a further -22 Calama residents were killed... | 0:36:06 | 0:36:11 | |
-..by Pinochet's Caravan of Death. | 0:36:11 | 0:36:14 | |
-Soldiers collected the bodies -and buried them in a mass grave... | 0:36:14 | 0:36:19 | |
-..somewhere in the desert. | 0:36:19 | 0:36:21 | |
-In their distress, wives, mothers -and sisters met in secret. | 0:36:21 | 0:36:26 | |
-The women of Calama... | 0:36:31 | 0:36:33 | |
-..made it their mission -to find their loved ones' grave. | 0:36:33 | 0:36:37 | |
-For weeks, months, years... | 0:36:40 | 0:36:43 | |
-..they searched in vain. | 0:36:43 | 0:36:45 | |
-Then, 17 years later... | 0:36:51 | 0:36:55 | |
-..they located the grave. | 0:36:55 | 0:36:57 | |
-The women had expected to exhume -entire bodies from the sand. | 0:36:57 | 0:37:02 | |
-But they were disappointed. | 0:37:04 | 0:37:06 | |
-They found only dismembered parts -of the men's bodies. | 0:37:07 | 0:37:10 | |
-Various bones... | 0:37:13 | 0:37:15 | |
-..fingers, nails... | 0:37:15 | 0:37:17 | |
-..and the occasional tooth. | 0:37:18 | 0:37:20 | |
-The search was finally over. | 0:37:28 | 0:37:30 | |
-But one painful question -still remained. | 0:37:33 | 0:37:36 | |
-Nothing rots in the Atacama Desert, -so the bodies... | 0:37:36 | 0:37:40 | |
-..should have remained intact. | 0:37:40 | 0:37:42 | |
-So what happened to them? | 0:37:43 | 0:37:45 | |
-Finally in 2007... | 0:37:46 | 0:37:49 | |
-..more than 30 years... | 0:37:50 | 0:37:51 | |
-..after the executions... | 0:37:52 | 0:37:54 | |
-..eyewitnesses provided the answer. | 0:37:54 | 0:37:58 | |
-Some months after burying the -bodies of Mario and the others... | 0:37:58 | 0:38:02 | |
-..Pinochet realized his mistake. | 0:38:03 | 0:38:05 | |
-The desert would retain evidence -of his evil acts forever. | 0:38:05 | 0:38:10 | |
-The bodies had to be moved. | 0:38:10 | 0:38:13 | |
-The soldiers -returned with a bulldozer... | 0:38:16 | 0:38:18 | |
-..and dug for the graves. | 0:38:19 | 0:38:21 | |
-The bodies were exhumed and disposed -of, like rubbish, into the sea. | 0:38:21 | 0:38:26 | |
-Although it was -a harrowing discovery... | 0:38:33 | 0:38:37 | |
-..at last -the women of Calama knew the truth. | 0:38:37 | 0:38:40 | |
-They have lived... | 0:38:45 | 0:38:47 | |
-..in the shadow of Pinochet's -Caravan of Death for 40 years. | 0:38:47 | 0:38:52 | |
-One day alone -has taken its toll on me. | 0:38:53 | 0:38:57 | |
-I saw photographs - -not of those who had died... | 0:38:58 | 0:39:01 | |
-..but of those who had -just been horrifically tortured. | 0:39:01 | 0:39:07 | |
-I've never seen -anything like it in my life... | 0:39:07 | 0:39:11 | |
-..and I hope I never see -anything like it again. | 0:39:11 | 0:39:14 | |
-And Margaret Thatcher -was one of Pinochet's supporters. | 0:39:15 | 0:39:18 | |
-For shame on her. | 0:39:19 | 0:39:21 | |
-The desert is a test... | 0:39:37 | 0:39:39 | |
-..of a man's spirit. | 0:39:40 | 0:39:41 | |
-Being in the extremities... | 0:39:42 | 0:39:44 | |
-..allows us -to look outside ourselves... | 0:39:44 | 0:39:47 | |
-..and ponder the things -that are beyond our comprehension... | 0:39:47 | 0:39:52 | |
-..here on earth. | 0:39:52 | 0:39:54 | |
-To end my journey -across the Atacama Desert... | 0:39:57 | 0:40:00 | |
-..I visit a place -where people specialize... | 0:40:01 | 0:40:04 | |
-..in observing other worlds. | 0:40:04 | 0:40:07 | |
-Here we are -at the Paranal Observatory... | 0:40:07 | 0:40:12 | |
-..one of the world's main -observatories to view space. | 0:40:12 | 0:40:16 | |
-Before we arrived, we had to take -a health and safety examination. | 0:40:16 | 0:40:21 | |
-One of the stipulations is that we -must wear sunglasses at all times. | 0:40:21 | 0:40:26 | |
-Here, 2,600m above sea level... | 0:40:30 | 0:40:32 | |
-..the atmosphere -offers little protection... | 0:40:33 | 0:40:37 | |
-..from the damaging effects -of the sun's rays. | 0:40:37 | 0:40:41 | |
-This is where we're staying. | 0:40:42 | 0:40:45 | |
-The entire place looks supernatural. | 0:40:45 | 0:40:49 | |
-It's like a nuclear bunker. | 0:40:50 | 0:40:52 | |
-We'll soon see. | 0:40:53 | 0:40:55 | |
-The European Government's budget... | 0:40:58 | 0:41:02 | |
-..has funded this observatory. | 0:41:02 | 0:41:05 | |
-They've made sure -that the scientists who work here... | 0:41:05 | 0:41:09 | |
-..have all their creature comforts. | 0:41:09 | 0:41:12 | |
-It's incredible. | 0:41:29 | 0:41:31 | |
-It's very different from -what it looks like on the outside. | 0:41:32 | 0:41:36 | |
-I've just been told it was used -in the previous James Bond film. | 0:41:36 | 0:41:40 | |
-I can well believe it. | 0:41:41 | 0:41:43 | |
-That pool looks out of place. | 0:41:43 | 0:41:45 | |
-A swimming pool -in the middle of the desert? | 0:41:46 | 0:41:49 | |
-I'll tell you one thing. | 0:41:49 | 0:41:51 | |
-It's very different from every other -place I've stayed in on my journey. | 0:41:51 | 0:41:56 | |
-Enjoy it, John! | 0:41:56 | 0:41:58 | |
-This is what attracts the boffins. | 0:41:59 | 0:42:01 | |
-A telescope -which literally looks into the past. | 0:42:02 | 0:42:05 | |
-It's so powerful, -it can detect starlight... | 0:42:06 | 0:42:09 | |
-..in the farthest corner -of the universe. | 0:42:09 | 0:42:13 | |
-A light which left the sky -millions of years ago. | 0:42:13 | 0:42:17 | |
-This is science -at its most sophisticated... | 0:42:20 | 0:42:24 | |
-..although it has -a non-scientific name. | 0:42:24 | 0:42:27 | |
-The VLT - the Very Large Telescope. | 0:42:28 | 0:42:32 | |
-This is the most powerful telescope -in all the world. | 0:42:39 | 0:42:43 | |
-It makes Jodrell Bank -look like a magnifying glass! | 0:42:44 | 0:42:48 | |
-Scientists -from all over the world come here... | 0:42:48 | 0:42:52 | |
-..to conduct research into space... | 0:42:52 | 0:42:54 | |
-..to discover what exactly exists -on other planets. | 0:42:55 | 0:42:58 | |
-What they're searching for -most of all... | 0:42:58 | 0:43:01 | |
-..is something -that doesn't exist here. | 0:43:02 | 0:43:04 | |
-Water. | 0:43:05 | 0:43:07 | |
-The discovery of water... | 0:43:07 | 0:43:11 | |
-..on planets beyond our own -would be very significant. | 0:43:11 | 0:43:17 | |
-Where there is water, -life forms are able to exist. | 0:43:17 | 0:43:21 | |
-THEY SPEAK SPANISH | 0:43:22 | 0:43:24 | |
-I meet Fernando Selman, -one of the observatory's leaders... | 0:43:24 | 0:43:29 | |
-..to find an answer -to the all-important question... | 0:43:29 | 0:43:33 | |
-..is there life on other planets? | 0:43:33 | 0:43:36 | |
-Do you know what? -The signs are encouraging. | 0:43:40 | 0:43:43 | |
-There is water everywhere - -on the moon, on the planets... | 0:43:46 | 0:43:50 | |
-..like Jupiter and Saturn -as well as on comets and asteroids. | 0:43:50 | 0:43:55 | |
-Water even surrounds black holes -in the depths of the universe. | 0:43:55 | 0:43:59 | |
-But how can a telescope -spot water that's so far away? | 0:44:02 | 0:44:06 | |
-According to Fernando, it's -a matter of recognizing colours. | 0:44:07 | 0:44:11 | |
-Every chemical element -creates a different coloured light. | 0:44:12 | 0:44:16 | |
-For instance, if you hold a piece of -salt up to a flame, it burns yellow. | 0:44:16 | 0:44:22 | |
-It's the same with water. | 0:44:23 | 0:44:25 | |
-If you study the colours of space... | 0:44:26 | 0:44:29 | |
-..you can analyze which elements... | 0:44:29 | 0:44:33 | |
-..are present, including water. | 0:44:33 | 0:44:36 | |
-Water emits a special -quality light through space... | 0:44:41 | 0:44:46 | |
-..like a unique cosmic signature -that is picked up by the telescope. | 0:44:47 | 0:44:52 | |
-Well, no doubt this is -the closest to heaven I'll ever get. | 0:44:53 | 0:44:58 | |
-We're very high up here. -That's why it's so windy. | 0:44:58 | 0:45:01 | |
-We're two and a half times -higher than Mount Snowdon. | 0:45:01 | 0:45:05 | |
-The views are spectacular. | 0:45:05 | 0:45:07 | |
-The clouds -are beneath us in the distance. | 0:45:07 | 0:45:10 | |
-According to the experts, -that's the reason it's so dry here. | 0:45:10 | 0:45:15 | |
-That's why this powerful telescope -has been housed here. | 0:45:15 | 0:45:19 | |
-The slightest bit of moisture in the -atmosphere means it wouldn't work. | 0:45:19 | 0:45:24 | |
-They have more than -300 days a year without rain. | 0:45:24 | 0:45:29 | |
-But up to now, despite all -the water they've found in space... | 0:45:31 | 0:45:35 | |
-..there are no signs of life. | 0:45:36 | 0:45:40 | |
-Earth is still unique. | 0:45:41 | 0:45:44 | |
-It's hard to argue with that -in such a magical place as this. | 0:45:44 | 0:45:48 | |
-Well, I've reached the end -of my journey to the Atacama Desert. | 0:45:51 | 0:45:56 | |
-It's a truly remarkable place. | 0:45:56 | 0:46:00 | |
-Beautiful. Ugly. | 0:46:01 | 0:46:03 | |
-Desolate. | 0:46:03 | 0:46:05 | |
-I've never seen anywhere like it. | 0:46:05 | 0:46:08 | |
-The desert forces us -to face up to life's big questions. | 0:46:10 | 0:46:13 | |
-Is there life beyond this world? | 0:46:14 | 0:46:18 | |
-Is there life on other planets? | 0:46:19 | 0:46:22 | |
-Does love -overpower violence and injustice? | 0:46:22 | 0:46:26 | |
-One thing it's taught me -is the value of water. | 0:46:26 | 0:46:32 | |
-It is -completely essential to life itself. | 0:46:32 | 0:46:37 | |
-These days, man covets... | 0:46:37 | 0:46:40 | |
-..the earth's scarcest resources. | 0:46:41 | 0:46:43 | |
-Is it beyond our capability... | 0:46:46 | 0:46:49 | |
-..to sustain that which makes -our lives possible and worth living? | 0:46:49 | 0:46:54 | |
-I'll say one thing. | 0:46:58 | 0:47:01 | |
-I'll never ever forget the Atacama. | 0:47:01 | 0:47:05 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf. | 0:47:36 | 0:47:39 | |
-. | 0:47:39 | 0:47:40 |