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This Sunday is Remembrance Sunday, and all week we will be hairg the | :00:06. | :00:10. | |
heroic and courageous stories, in honour of the men and women who | :00:10. | :00:13. | |
have given their lives, both here and in past conflicts around the | :00:13. | :00:23. | |
:00:23. | :00:40. | ||
world, this is remembrance - This Sunday is Remembrance Sunday, | :00:40. | :00:45. | |
the Kay - day we honour those who have given their lives for their | :00:45. | :00:49. | |
country. In the lead up to this National Service of Remembrance, we | :00:49. | :00:54. | |
hear the real stories of the people who march past the Cenotaph at | :00:54. | :00:59. | |
Whitehall. Coming up on today's programme, an | :00:59. | :01:03. | |
RAF firefighter battles the biggest blaze of his life. I can remember | :01:03. | :01:08. | |
stand standing in the middle of the stand storm, by myself, thinking I | :01:08. | :01:15. | |
have all my boys and girls here. Brothers, Ernie and Len remember | :01:15. | :01:23. | |
their adventures as merchant seamen. On the first day the last ships | :01:23. | :01:28. | |
were sunk. I get manhandled here in Afghanistan. Search through the | :01:28. | :01:32. | |
hair feeling for anything that shouldn't be there. | :01:32. | :01:37. | |
Not everyone remembers the Aden emergency, but for one soldier in | :01:37. | :01:44. | |
particular, it is a conflict he will never forget. In 1961, Brian | :01:44. | :01:51. | |
Bryson never expected to go to war, let alone return a hero. But aged | :01:51. | :01:56. | |
just 19 he decided to join the Royal Army Service Corps. | :01:56. | :01:59. | |
training could be fun, at times, other times it was very serious, | :01:59. | :02:07. | |
but you had to work hard, marching up and down, trying to be soldiers! | :02:07. | :02:10. | |
I chose driving rather than infantry. It wasn't just driving a | :02:10. | :02:15. | |
vehicle, you had to learn how to maintain it, how to strip parts | :02:15. | :02:20. | |
down, and you drove different vehicles, took your driving test | :02:20. | :02:26. | |
and that was you. You were then qualified. | :02:26. | :02:32. | |
In 19678, Brian's regiment was posted - 1967, Brian's regiment was | :02:33. | :02:37. | |
posted to Aden, known now as Yemen. I remember stepping off the plane | :02:37. | :02:43. | |
when we got to Aden, very hot, 8.00pm, it was dark. We knew it was | :02:43. | :02:47. | |
a hot place and in the Middle East, we knew what we were going in for. | :02:47. | :02:52. | |
The British Government declared that'den would become independent | :02:52. | :02:57. | |
by 1968. But as our troops began to withdraw, local unrest erupted | :02:57. | :03:00. | |
between rival factions, as they fought to gain control. You didn't | :03:00. | :03:05. | |
know the enemy, they didn't have a uniform, they could be down the | :03:05. | :03:10. | |
side of the road, you didn't know. Under this constant threat, Brian | :03:10. | :03:14. | |
still had a job to do, which was helping to build new roads, so | :03:14. | :03:19. | |
local people could transport their goods to market. | :03:19. | :03:23. | |
We worked with the royal engineers that were there, when they went out, | :03:23. | :03:30. | |
we would then supply the wagons, ten-en toers to go out with them - | :03:30. | :03:34. | |
ten tonneers, to go out with them, so when they were blasting through | :03:34. | :03:38. | |
the rock they would put it on the back of the wagons, we would take | :03:38. | :03:41. | |
it and dump it somewhere. That was basically what you done, you | :03:41. | :03:46. | |
finished about 2.00pm, happy days. At night, when the troops relax, | :03:46. | :03:53. | |
they weren't too bothered about the odd pot shot from the enemy. There | :03:53. | :04:00. | |
was one night when we were watching a warry film, there was all the | :04:00. | :04:05. | |
shooting going about, I said the shooting is getting a bit real now, | :04:05. | :04:08. | |
I said there was bullet holes in the screen. We carried on watching | :04:08. | :04:18. | |
the film. They were useless shots any way, most of the time. This | :04:18. | :04:22. | |
would dramatically change when a simple mission went wrong for one | :04:22. | :04:28. | |
of Brian's comrades. Travelling in convoy Brian and his | :04:29. | :04:36. | |
team were making their way across open desert. I was walking and I | :04:36. | :04:43. | |
was maybe 10, 15 yards away, next thing I heard was a big whomph, I | :04:43. | :04:48. | |
spun round and looked at the Land Rover which was lifted into the air. | :04:48. | :04:51. | |
The front wheel disappeared over the horizon, never saw that again. | :04:51. | :04:58. | |
It all went very, very quiet. only person in the vehicle was the | :04:58. | :05:03. | |
driver, Tony Fenemer, known simply as Brummie. I looked back at the | :05:03. | :05:08. | |
Land Rover and I thought, where's Brummie. So I don't know, I just | :05:08. | :05:13. | |
ran to the Land Rover. From the position that he should have been | :05:13. | :05:19. | |
sitting in, the force of the explosion had put him across the | :05:19. | :05:23. | |
front of the Land Rover seats. That's when I saw what his injuries | :05:23. | :05:28. | |
were. Brummie was unconscious, and his left arm was severely damaged. | :05:28. | :05:35. | |
As the first person on the scene, Brian did all he could to help him. | :05:35. | :05:40. | |
We carried a first aid kit, bandages, I gave him morphine as | :05:40. | :05:43. | |
well. You are saving a fellow human being and soldier. The medic came | :05:43. | :05:47. | |
over, and the two of them they got a stretcher, took him out of the | :05:47. | :05:51. | |
Land Rover, and then they just took him away. Brummie was airlifted to | :05:51. | :05:56. | |
hospital, where his arm had to be amputated. It would be great to | :05:56. | :06:01. | |
think that maybe I did help save his life in that instant. Just a | :06:01. | :06:06. | |
couple of weeks later, Brian was able to check up on his patient. | :06:06. | :06:10. | |
And I said what are you going to do, he said, he's going to drive | :06:10. | :06:16. | |
lorries. I said oh, he said he will have his golden arm, his golden | :06:16. | :06:21. | |
trigger and he will be driving lorries. That was what he was like. | :06:21. | :06:26. | |
Beginning of June 1967, that was the last time I ever saw him. | :06:26. | :06:31. | |
Brummie has still got that cheeky sense of humour, and 44 years on, | :06:31. | :06:35. | |
he's finally on his way to meet Brian, the man who helped save his | :06:36. | :06:42. | |
life. Whatever happened, that day, that | :06:42. | :06:49. | |
week, or two weeks before, has been shut away. Because I don't remember | :06:49. | :06:53. | |
even the build-up to it. Just that drive through, that is all I | :06:53. | :07:03. | |
:07:03. | :07:17. | ||
remember. I need the gaps to be Did you get to drive that lorry? | :07:17. | :07:25. | |
Yes. If it wasn't for you, and what you | :07:25. | :07:29. | |
are going to tell me. Thank you for surviving. I was determined to | :07:29. | :07:33. | |
survive. Thank you. I wouldn't have changed it, you were one of mine, | :07:33. | :07:39. | |
it was a pleasure,s if great to see him again. | :07:39. | :07:49. | |
:07:49. | :07:54. | ||
I think it is important that the younger generation realise what | :07:54. | :08:01. | |
Remembrance is all about. It is not just parading with Stards and | :08:01. | :08:11. | |
:08:11. | :08:14. | ||
laying poppy wreaths, because every pop y... Represents blood, given by | :08:14. | :08:21. | |
the men and women of this country, in conflicts throughout the years, | :08:21. | :08:31. | |
:08:31. | :08:34. | ||
we should never, ever forget that. One of the reasons our troops are | :08:34. | :08:37. | |
in Afghanistan, is to gradually allow the local communities take | :08:37. | :08:40. | |
responsibility for their own security. One of the ways they are | :08:40. | :08:44. | |
doing this, is by mentoring the Afghan police. | :08:44. | :08:49. | |
I'm on my way out of Camp Bastion, to a police headquarters, located | :08:49. | :08:56. | |
near a village called ping ping - Pinkalay, in Helmand Province. | :08:56. | :08:58. | |
Today an initiative is nearing completion, that has helped bring | :08:58. | :09:02. | |
greater security to the local people. This headquarters is the | :09:02. | :09:11. | |
hub of British army efforts in the area. | :09:11. | :09:14. | |
Captain Giles Walsh leads a dedicated team of British mentors | :09:14. | :09:17. | |
who live and work alongside the Afghan police. | :09:17. | :09:21. | |
Tell me what your role is here? aim of myself and my team is to | :09:21. | :09:25. | |
provide development to the police, so that when we eventually withdraw | :09:25. | :09:29. | |
in 2014, they will be able to stand on their own two legs and be self- | :09:29. | :09:31. | |
sufficient and survive themselves. Since you have been here, how have | :09:31. | :09:36. | |
you seen this area change for the better? A year ago, there was | :09:36. | :09:41. | |
fighting in the streets of Pinkalay, and now, the police can walk around, | :09:41. | :09:46. | |
unarmed, and they are very much central to the local community. | :09:47. | :09:52. | |
British military have been passing on their expertise to the Afghan | :09:52. | :09:55. | |
security forces since 2009. One of the most important, yet basic | :09:55. | :10:00. | |
lessons they teach, is how to conduct an effective search. A lot | :10:00. | :10:05. | |
of the bomb making equipment is moved in by local, hidden on their | :10:05. | :10:09. | |
person. We are improving the capability of the police to uncover | :10:09. | :10:12. | |
these component parts. These hidden components can be anything from a | :10:12. | :10:15. | |
length of wire, to a battery. Finding them before they can make | :10:16. | :10:19. | |
their way into a bomb can save lives. | :10:20. | :10:24. | |
I have been asked to help Lance Corporal James Alldread, and I may | :10:24. | :10:29. | |
have a little surprise up my sleeve. Just give you a quick demonstration | :10:29. | :10:34. | |
on how to search someone. Search through his hair, feel through his | :10:34. | :10:41. | |
scalp for anything you can feel there. Smooth down, not a pat down. | :10:41. | :10:47. | |
Every crease and fold just be meticulously searched. That is the | :10:47. | :10:53. | |
top half, now the bottom half, searching there. Obviously we found | :10:53. | :10:57. | |
something. What is that Just a bit of wire for farming I'm doing. | :10:57. | :11:02. | |
kind of farming? Sheep warming? Sheep farming with wire. The story | :11:02. | :11:10. | |
doesn't add up, we take that from him, that will go in plastic bag. | :11:10. | :11:13. | |
It's training exercises like these that will prepare the Afghan forces | :11:13. | :11:18. | |
for when the British leave in 2014. These newly trained policemen | :11:18. | :11:23. | |
operate from ten road side checkpoints. They are critical for | :11:23. | :11:26. | |
security, preventing the free movement of insurgent fighters and | :11:26. | :11:33. | |
suicide bombers. There is only one way of finding out what the | :11:33. | :11:36. | |
checkpoints are really like, that is by going to see them myself. | :11:36. | :11:44. | |
Which is exactly what I'm going to do now. | :11:44. | :11:54. | |
:11:54. | :11:54. | ||
As soon as we leave the gates of the compound, which have - which we | :11:55. | :11:59. | |
have just done, basically anything can happen. For the troops who make | :11:59. | :12:03. | |
this journey every day, this may seem routine, for me it is deeply | :12:03. | :12:09. | |
unnerving. It is when you start going off | :12:09. | :12:12. | |
beyond the realms of the main service routes that it actually | :12:12. | :12:19. | |
starts to get a bit dicey. We're seen as the outsiders, that we are | :12:19. | :12:26. | |
always going to be targeted,en to extent. We have arrived at Check | :12:26. | :12:32. | |
Point Sapan, it is being built to protect the local village and | :12:32. | :12:35. | |
farming community. Getting out the back of that | :12:35. | :12:38. | |
vehicle was weird, it is a real sense of reality. It is a real | :12:38. | :12:45. | |
situation. Everyone here is aware of where they are. Hello. Nice to | :12:45. | :12:49. | |
meet you. Just the final snagging done today, and should be complete | :12:49. | :12:53. | |
in ten days. The men based here will search | :12:53. | :12:58. | |
suspect vehicles and individuals. This is one of many checkpoints | :12:58. | :13:02. | |
that the Afghan National Police are taking over throughout Helmand | :13:02. | :13:09. | |
Province. This checkpoint is like a fortress, it is a real statement, | :13:09. | :13:13. | |
one to the insurgents, to say stay away from us, and secondly, and | :13:13. | :13:16. | |
most importantly, it is to say to the local people that we are here | :13:16. | :13:19. | |
for you, and we are going to look out for you and keep you safe and | :13:20. | :13:27. | |
secure. Whilst we have made good progress, | :13:27. | :13:32. | |
there is still a significant way to go before they are ready to take | :13:32. | :13:37. | |
over by themselves. It is very fulfiling just seeing the police | :13:37. | :13:47. | |
:13:47. | :13:48. | ||
are willing to actually improve themselves and are keen to develop. | :13:48. | :13:52. | |
Getting medical help to injured troops, in any war zone, is vital, | :13:52. | :13:56. | |
and it was no different during World War II, when a group of | :13:56. | :13:59. | |
courageous men and women were risking their lives to get help to | :13:59. | :14:07. | |
others. And one of these amazing women, was | :14:07. | :14:13. | |
88-year-old Lillian West, who like her comrades, had one priority. | :14:13. | :14:20. | |
make sure we would get them back to fight again for their country. | :14:20. | :14:24. | |
In 1944, RAF nurse Lillian volunteered to join the air | :14:24. | :14:27. | |
ambulance, which would send her straight into the heart of occupied | :14:27. | :14:31. | |
Europe. I mean I had never been abroad | :14:31. | :14:36. | |
before, I had never been out of Wales before. And then to go to | :14:36. | :14:44. | |
France, Belgium, Holland, Germany, well, well, a young girl of 19, who | :14:44. | :14:50. | |
was I going to see? A Frenchman? was an extraordinary step for this | :14:50. | :14:57. | |
ordinary girl from Wales. It is now or never! I have signed, I have to | :14:57. | :15:02. | |
go, that was it. Went in and got kitted out, got my trousers on, got | :15:02. | :15:07. | |
my flying jacket, and everything else what I had to do. Lillian and | :15:07. | :15:12. | |
the crew flew in unmarked Dakotas, flying to the frontline meant they | :15:12. | :15:20. | |
were always in danger. My, we were shot at, the Germans shot at us. It | :15:20. | :15:24. | |
was frightening, but there was nothing we could do. We were | :15:24. | :15:27. | |
thinking, oh my God, if they do a direct hit, what will happen to us | :15:27. | :15:31. | |
now. They try to fly as level as possible, because of the injured. | :15:31. | :15:36. | |
Because if you have a Stuka coming after you, you had to dive, and | :15:36. | :15:42. | |
that was it. With limited medical supplies, the nurses had to care | :15:42. | :15:46. | |
for the wounded as best they could. That was all we could do. We | :15:46. | :15:50. | |
escorted them from the battlefield, give them comfort, whatever was | :15:50. | :15:54. | |
needed, until they reached England. One orderly per plane, that was our | :15:54. | :16:01. | |
job. With thousands of injured troops needing the aid, the job was | :16:01. | :16:04. | |
often relentless. We flew night and day, there was nothing for it, you | :16:04. | :16:09. | |
see. You had to go from England in the morning, four hours, five hours, | :16:09. | :16:15. | |
to get to Germany, then get loaded and get back, it was eight to ten | :16:15. | :16:20. | |
hours. We had no parachute, no nothing, we were not allowed to | :16:20. | :16:24. | |
carry a parachute, because the plane if it went down we had to | :16:24. | :16:27. | |
stay with the patients. Lillian's first flight across the | :16:28. | :16:33. | |
channel would be her most memorable. When the pilot delivered unnerving | :16:33. | :16:40. | |
news. Hold tight, he said, we have a burst tyre, landing. Don't worry, | :16:40. | :16:45. | |
it's already he says he knows what he was doing, he z but he crash | :16:45. | :16:48. | |
landed. The plane landed in a French field, thankfully all the | :16:48. | :16:54. | |
crew were safe. He said, we can't take her back, we will have to wait | :16:55. | :16:57. | |
for replacements. Lillian was stranded for a week, when she | :16:57. | :17:02. | |
returned home, her family were surprised. My mother said, it's you | :17:02. | :17:09. | |
is it. I said, yes, why? She said we had a telegram to say you were | :17:09. | :17:13. | |
missing presumed dead in France. Oh, I said I'm alive, I said, it's all | :17:13. | :17:23. | |
:17:23. | :17:24. | ||
right. I said I think I am! wasn't long before Lillian was back | :17:24. | :17:32. | |
on duty, and caring for critically injured men. Head injuries, chest | :17:32. | :17:37. | |
injuries, broken arms. Shrapnel through the bodies, you would never | :17:37. | :17:44. | |
believe what some of our boys went through. You would never believe it. | :17:44. | :17:49. | |
But Lillian and her comrades also added a personal touch. We used to | :17:49. | :17:52. | |
write for them, if they wanted a letter, you know, just would you | :17:52. | :17:57. | |
write a few lines for us, and get them posted or anything like that. | :17:57. | :18:02. | |
I used to think, if some poor mother's son, or some woman's | :18:02. | :18:07. | |
husband. You had to feel sorry for them, there is nothing else for it. | :18:07. | :18:12. | |
Just pray to God that I could get them back safe. This courageous | :18:12. | :18:18. | |
group became known as the Flying Nigtingales, the first air born | :18:18. | :18:23. | |
medal evacuation service - air bourne medical evacuation service. | :18:23. | :18:27. | |
We brought back 100,000 between us all. For Lillian, it is a job she | :18:27. | :18:32. | |
will always look back on with immense pride. It was a tough job. | :18:32. | :18:36. | |
But there you are. They were other people had tougher jobs. The boys | :18:36. | :18:41. | |
had tougher jobs with fighting, weren't they. | :18:41. | :18:44. | |
I was serving my king and country. If I was young again I would go | :18:44. | :18:53. | |
back and do the same thing again. Still to come, we join a school | :18:53. | :18:57. | |
outing, as they visit the hub of remembrance in Edinburgh. | :18:57. | :19:02. | |
It is important to remember all the people that sacrificed their lives | :19:02. | :19:09. | |
and still sacrifice their lives today. When a fire starts in the UK, | :19:09. | :19:15. | |
you pick up the phone and dial 999, out here, in a war zone, in the | :19:15. | :19:22. | |
middle of the desert, it is not so straight forward. For 34 years, | :19:23. | :19:29. | |
Steve Bowden has been a Royal Air Force firefighter. An RAF | :19:29. | :19:33. | |
firefighter is a special breed of individual. We do the same as | :19:34. | :19:37. | |
civilian firefighters, but the main focus is the rescue of air crew, | :19:37. | :19:42. | |
that is what we do 24/7. Formed after the Second World War in 1945, | :19:43. | :19:45. | |
RAF firefighters have been saving lives around the world. | :19:45. | :19:49. | |
And out in Afghanistan, they work closely with our American allies. | :19:49. | :19:52. | |
It is a case of helping each other out, because there is only them, | :19:52. | :20:00. | |
and there is only us, and that's it, there is no 99, nobody will come - | :20:00. | :20:04. | |
999, nobody will come screaming around the corner in a big red | :20:04. | :20:08. | |
lorry. In April 2010, Steve was based in Camp Bastion, when a call | :20:08. | :20:14. | |
came through that would test his nerve and skill to the limit. | :20:14. | :20:18. | |
particular evening I had my evening meal and was in the Internet cabin | :20:18. | :20:21. | |
making contact with home, when one of my firefighters came and said | :20:21. | :20:24. | |
you better come and have a look at this boss. | :20:24. | :20:28. | |
The fire had started in Camp Leatherneck, an American base, | :20:29. | :20:34. | |
located a couple of miles outside Camp Bastion. And this is actually | :20:34. | :20:42. | |
what Steve saw. The plume could be seen for two miles or more. When | :20:42. | :20:49. | |
you see that A smoke, you know, as they say, it's a goer. | :20:49. | :20:56. | |
It is a firefighters' worst nightmare, because you have no idea | :20:56. | :21:00. | |
what you are going in to. After summoning the team, Steve was the | :21:00. | :21:03. | |
first on the scene. There was an American colleague I touched base | :21:03. | :21:07. | |
with, who was starting to give information of what was in there. | :21:07. | :21:12. | |
Which went from dried goods, storage boxes, oxygen cylinders, | :21:12. | :21:17. | |
petrol, oil and lubricants in containers, and stuff stacked on | :21:17. | :21:22. | |
top of stuff. Not only is it that way but up as well. A strong wind | :21:22. | :21:32. | |
:21:32. | :21:32. | ||
was developing quickly, turning the fire into an inferno. | :21:32. | :21:35. | |
The wind carried it on, and it was just setting fire to everything all | :21:35. | :21:40. | |
the way along the line. The harsh conditions, that time of year, | :21:40. | :21:45. | |
don't help because the sun, the climate, the wind, dries everything | :21:45. | :21:53. | |
out, fabrics, wood, it is all tinter box dry. Soofr an arriving, | :21:53. | :21:58. | |
they faced a main prob - soon after arriving, they faced a major | :21:58. | :22:03. | |
problem, the water supply ran out. It is not the best time in my life, | :22:03. | :22:07. | |
dealing with a fire and you have nothing to do. The danger was | :22:07. | :22:11. | |
mounting as the fire was raging out of control. By then people were | :22:11. | :22:15. | |
coming up and tapping me on theer saying, by the way, we have this in | :22:15. | :22:19. | |
there as well, and you might want to know there is fuel on there as | :22:19. | :22:23. | |
well, there is a little fuel farm here. All of this is going on while | :22:23. | :22:30. | |
you are standing there with no water. | :22:30. | :22:34. | |
Finally water arrived from nearby sources. But the danger to our | :22:34. | :22:39. | |
troops on the ground was becoming an alarming reality. | :22:39. | :22:44. | |
We had to make sure people were getting away for their own safety, | :22:45. | :22:48. | |
it was becoming blatantly obvious there was a lot of stuff in there | :22:48. | :22:52. | |
dangerous. Tyres going up and down in the air, as with the | :22:52. | :22:55. | |
firefighters, and the oxygen cylinders, exploding, going up in | :22:55. | :22:58. | |
the air. You have no idea where they are going to land, that is | :22:59. | :23:04. | |
frightening. Whilst the fuel out of the 45 gallon drums will have gone, | :23:04. | :23:08. | |
the 45 gallon drum weighs a lot, if that hits you on the no nogin you | :23:08. | :23:18. | |
know about it. 45 minutes later another catastrophy struck. | :23:18. | :23:21. | |
60knot duststorm came through the whole area. You couldn't see your | :23:21. | :23:28. | |
hand in front of your face. The wind then changed and some of the | :23:28. | :23:33. | |
accommodation, which our American colleagues were in, is tented | :23:33. | :23:37. | |
accommodation, that started to catch fire as well, people had to | :23:37. | :23:40. | |
be evacuated. Areas that weren't on fire, sort of got themselves | :23:40. | :23:45. | |
involved in the fire by mother nature. That wind, was taking all | :23:45. | :23:53. | |
the embers across Leatherneck and Bastion, it became too dangerous to | :23:53. | :23:57. | |
do anything, we withdrew, that was not an easy decision for any of us | :23:57. | :24:03. | |
to take. There is certainly a moment when I knew it was beating | :24:03. | :24:08. | |
us. You think, what now? What will they give me now, what's next. To | :24:08. | :24:14. | |
have no water, a sandstorm, limited resources, I mean, three of your | :24:14. | :24:19. | |
worst nightmares. But with the fire now covering the area of three | :24:19. | :24:24. | |
football pitches, Steve had even bigger concerns. I can remember | :24:24. | :24:28. | |
standing in the middle of the sandstorm, by myself, thinking I | :24:28. | :24:38. | |
:24:38. | :24:42. | ||
don't know if I have all my boys and girls here. | :24:42. | :24:50. | |
We actually really got control of it, I guess, about 11.30, midnight. | :24:50. | :24:55. | |
It is still going like a good'un, it is raging, but we have it where | :24:55. | :25:00. | |
we want it. You just can't imagine You just couldn't imagine that 16 | :25:00. | :25:08. | |
hours we were here fighting this fire. Against all odds, Steve, his | :25:08. | :25:11. | |
38 RAF firefighters and their American colleagues, tackled the | :25:11. | :25:17. | |
blaze without a single loss of life. The team work between, not only my | :25:18. | :25:22. | |
own firefighters, but the United States marine firefighters, | :25:22. | :25:27. | |
outstanding, we don't see it as them and us, it is us. That is what | :25:27. | :25:34. | |
enabled us to win that fight. Wherever you are in the world, | :25:34. | :25:37. | |
whatever nationality, a firefighter is a firefighter, I'm just one of | :25:37. | :25:43. | |
them. In the clear light of day, the | :25:43. | :25:50. | |
extent of the devastation was obvious. And the actions of Steve | :25:50. | :25:56. | |
and his team didn't go unnoticed by the general of the American marine | :25:56. | :25:59. | |
cops. We could have had catastrophic loss of life, because | :25:59. | :26:04. | |
of the way you fought that fire, we lost nobody. I can buy new things, | :26:04. | :26:14. | |
:26:14. | :26:16. | ||
but I can't buy new people. There is no doubt the efforts of Steve | :26:16. | :26:20. | |
and his team - there is no doubt the efforts of Steve and his team | :26:20. | :26:25. | |
that night saved people. I have been a firefighter for 45 years, | :26:25. | :26:32. | |
that fire at Camp Leatherneck was the biggest, and it is the biggest | :26:32. | :26:38. | |
the fire force has fought in its history. On returning home Steve | :26:38. | :26:43. | |
was awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal. I wear it with, not just for | :26:43. | :26:46. | |
those 38 people, but the fire service as a whole, past and | :26:46. | :26:55. | |
present. During the Second World War, it | :26:55. | :26:59. | |
wasn't just the Royal Navy patrolling the oceans, there was | :26:59. | :27:03. | |
another group of courageous seamen, without whom Britain would have | :27:03. | :27:08. | |
struggled to survive. Brothers Len and Ernie, grew up | :27:08. | :27:13. | |
around the Bristol docks, and it sparked a lifelong love of the | :27:13. | :27:18. | |
ocean. A friend went off to sea, and he | :27:18. | :27:23. | |
came back, and he had a lovely plastic belt, red, yellow and black, | :27:23. | :27:27. | |
he said he bought it in America, I wanted to get one of those, I threw | :27:27. | :27:34. | |
my job in and went on to the Norwegian ship, at 15, in 141. | :27:34. | :27:39. | |
Len decided to join the war effort, and signed up with the Norwegian | :27:39. | :27:43. | |
Merchant Navy, which, alongside ships from other nations, supplied | :27:43. | :27:48. | |
Britain with vital goods during the war. The Merchant Navy brought all | :27:48. | :27:53. | |
supplies of everything, fuel, gasoline, food, ammunition, | :27:53. | :27:57. | |
whatever was needed, was brought to this country by the Merchant Navy. | :27:57. | :28:02. | |
But for a boy who had never left home before, Len's first experience | :28:02. | :28:11. | |
at sea was hard. We settled early, so the family never saw me go. I | :28:11. | :28:14. | |
went to the lifeboat that evening, and cried my eyes out, I was home | :28:14. | :28:18. | |
sick, I felt sick and I had a hole in my sock. What was in front of us | :28:18. | :28:22. | |
I never knew, I never knew what the sea could be like, on the North | :28:22. | :28:28. | |
Atlantic, and all those huge seas. The biggest seas we had seen was on | :28:28. | :28:31. | |
the beach. Len soon found his sea legs and returned three months | :28:31. | :28:38. | |
later with a different look. I had a stetson hat, a big jacket, and | :28:38. | :28:44. | |
lumber Jack boots, I had. And 15 years of age, I must have looked | :28:44. | :28:54. | |
:28:54. | :28:55. | ||
real stupid! It wasn't long before Ernie followed in his brother's | :28:55. | :28:59. | |
footsteps. The conditions were tough. Our first trip it was | :28:59. | :29:04. | |
horrendous ways, there was valleys and mountains. The ship would dive | :29:04. | :29:08. | |
down into the valley, stick in, and then go up on to the wave and down | :29:08. | :29:14. | |
we would go again. That went on for three weeks. My first job was an | :29:14. | :29:20. | |
officers' mess boy, I had to be up at 5.30am, and take coffee to the | :29:20. | :29:25. | |
bridge, and take the coffee down, and then I would have to help with | :29:25. | :29:29. | |
the breakfast, help with the galley, they were hard times, but we | :29:29. | :29:33. | |
survived. That is why Norwegian captains always ask for Bristol | :29:33. | :29:38. | |
boys, because we were tough and very efficient in what we done. We | :29:38. | :29:43. | |
didn't cause much trouble. Although they carried essential | :29:43. | :29:47. | |
cargo, Merchant Navy ships had little protection against the enemy. | :29:47. | :29:50. | |
We didn't realise what it was like at sea, people don't know, they | :29:51. | :29:54. | |
knew nothing about the Merchant Navy. We had naval ships, they were | :29:54. | :29:58. | |
there to protect us, they had the speed and the guns, we had one old | :29:58. | :30:02. | |
gun on the stern, from the First World War, and one gunner, I | :30:02. | :30:06. | |
suppose the merchant seamen were supposed to help with that. As they | :30:06. | :30:09. | |
sailed unprotected through the Atlantic, the convoys were subject | :30:09. | :30:16. | |
to the huge risk of attack from German u boats. You would have to | :30:16. | :30:21. | |
go through - U-boats. You would have to go through three or four | :30:21. | :30:26. | |
lines of U-boats, they were in an arc. That was all that worried | :30:26. | :30:32. | |
Churchill, in the battle for the Atlantic. One thing would bring | :30:32. | :30:36. | |
home the constant danger they faced every time they set sail. In 1942 | :30:37. | :30:40. | |
we were sailing on our own through the Gulf of Mexico, because the | :30:40. | :30:45. | |
Americans wouldn't do escorts. a couple of weeks into their three- | :30:45. | :30:51. | |
month voyage, they were torpedoed. I went across the bridge, and I | :30:51. | :30:56. | |
bumped my head, back on the wheel, they stayed on the wheel. Ernie was | :30:56. | :31:04. | |
in the cabin down below. It was about 6.00am. 5.00am. Time dims | :31:04. | :31:09. | |
your memory. I remember a great big explosion, next thing I was thrown | :31:09. | :31:15. | |
out of my top bunk, and on my mate in the bottom bunk ofg was on top | :31:15. | :31:20. | |
of me, we had bleeding from the ears and nose. Order prevailed and | :31:20. | :31:24. | |
we took off with the submarine chasing us for one hour. As we are | :31:24. | :31:30. | |
getting close to the Mississippi Delta they gave up. Crossing the | :31:30. | :31:36. | |
waters was treacherous, on the up side, they were seeing the world. | :31:36. | :31:40. | |
Going into New York and seeing all the skyscrapers, we had never seen | :31:40. | :31:44. | |
those before, and walking through Manhatten, into times Syntagma | :31:44. | :31:50. | |
Sqare, and seeing the Camel Cigarette advert blowing out great | :31:50. | :31:56. | |
terrific. New Orleans, that was a good time. I remember getting a | :31:56. | :32:01. | |
great big piece of water mellon, five cents, I had never seen it | :32:01. | :32:07. | |
before, it was great. You had to sit on the long tables with this | :32:07. | :32:11. | |
water mellon round our ears, chewing away, beautiful. | :32:11. | :32:15. | |
And travelling around the globe meant the temptation to bring home | :32:15. | :32:24. | |
souvenirs was too great for Len. bought chairs back from Africa, a | :32:24. | :32:28. | |
monkey back, and carpets from india, all the stuff I used to buy. One I | :32:28. | :32:34. | |
am I had a whole tea chest full of food, and a Christmas cake from New | :32:34. | :32:38. | |
York. Granddad had some of the cake it was too rich for him, nearly | :32:38. | :32:42. | |
killed him. But like all merchant seamen, Len and Ernie were away for | :32:42. | :32:49. | |
months on end, coming home was always special for their mother. | :32:49. | :32:53. | |
She rushed down, and give us a cuddle. We didn't realise how much | :32:53. | :32:59. | |
she missed us, a mother's love is so much in that. Especially if your | :32:59. | :33:04. | |
two youngest sons and that. After we came back after being torpedos, | :33:04. | :33:10. | |
she said thank God, you are not going back again are you? We said, | :33:10. | :33:14. | |
yes, we are. Despite the crucial role the Merchant Navy played | :33:14. | :33:23. | |
during the war, its work was widely overlooked. We had the biggest | :33:23. | :33:25. | |
Merchant Navy at the beginning of the war, from the first day to the | :33:25. | :33:34. | |
last day, ships were sunk. I think the last ship was torpedoed about | :33:34. | :33:42. | |
10.45am. Over 2,000 merchant ships were lost, the Navy lost 200. Life | :33:42. | :33:45. | |
as a merchant seaman was rough. People did not appreciate it, we | :33:45. | :33:49. | |
just had one little badge, the officers had their uniform, | :33:49. | :33:52. | |
otherwise you were not known, they thought you were stragglers, sort | :33:52. | :33:59. | |
of thing, not doing your part. But we had some terrible experiences, | :33:59. | :34:06. | |
and lost a lot of friends, lots of friends. 30,000 merchant seamen | :34:06. | :34:10. | |
lost their lives, but without their contribution, Britain may never | :34:10. | :34:17. | |
have won the war. For Len and Ernie, their team as sea farers will | :34:17. | :34:25. | |
always have faegs time in their hearts. I Sir - a special time in | :34:25. | :34:31. | |
their hearts. I Sir come-and-a-half gailted the world, beautiful ship, | :34:31. | :34:35. | |
beautiful comrades. I enjoyed every day of it, even cold, wet, tired, | :34:35. | :34:42. | |
wonderful life. The poppy is the ultimate symbol of | :34:42. | :34:45. | |
remembrance, and there is a group of veterans who work throughout the | :34:45. | :34:55. | |
:34:55. | :34:56. | ||
year to make their own personal contribution. | :34:56. | :35:00. | |
The Lady Haig Poppy Factory in Edinburgh was established in 1946, | :35:00. | :35:09. | |
and employed veterans of the British Armed Forces. Lady Haig | :35:09. | :35:12. | |
decided to set up the factory to provide Scottish poppies for | :35:12. | :35:17. | |
Scottish families. She started off with four men in a hut, by 1928 she | :35:17. | :35:22. | |
was employing over 100 men. factory's founder put her own | :35:22. | :35:27. | |
personal mark on what has become an iconic symbol of remembrance. | :35:27. | :35:32. | |
Because lady Hague designed the original pop - Lady Haig designed | :35:32. | :35:36. | |
the original poppies, her design was slightly different from down | :35:36. | :35:42. | |
south. We have tried to continue that design difference over the | :35:42. | :35:48. | |
generations. It is four-leafed rather than three, it is crimped | :35:48. | :35:52. | |
rather than smoothed, it is a brighter material and doesn't have | :35:52. | :35:57. | |
the green leaf the English one does. Uniquely the factory gives ex- | :35:57. | :36:02. | |
servicemen and women, some of whom are disabled, the chance to work. | :36:02. | :36:04. | |
It is incredibly important to offer employment to people that have worn | :36:05. | :36:08. | |
uniform for their country, and made sacrifices themselves, and have | :36:08. | :36:13. | |
struggled to find employment. has been part of the team for over | :36:13. | :36:17. | |
five years, and for him, the factory is much more than just a | :36:17. | :36:24. | |
place of work: I love the job, I love it, I know that every poppy I | :36:24. | :36:28. | |
make could be a pound. For the war heros and things like | :36:28. | :36:35. | |
that. Lots of the equipment we use is very old and quite basic, it is | :36:35. | :36:40. | |
deliberately quite old and basic, because we want to employ as many | :36:40. | :36:44. | |
ex-servicemen as we possibly could, we could automate processes, that | :36:44. | :36:48. | |
would mean getting rid of the people we employ, that is not what | :36:48. | :36:55. | |
we want to do. It is actually an old printing press, which I believe | :36:55. | :37:00. | |
is between 100 and 150 years old. Andy operates one of the oldest | :37:00. | :37:05. | |
machines in the factory, cutting hundreds of silk petals every day. | :37:05. | :37:11. | |
I think the best thing about working here is the camaraderie, it | :37:11. | :37:16. | |
is very much like a family. It is an excellent place to work. It is | :37:16. | :37:21. | |
almost like therapy. Colin operates the petal crimping machine, and has | :37:21. | :37:30. | |
worked at the factory for two years. Having served with the 3rd | :37:30. | :37:35. | |
Battalion The Rifles, he finds himself with a new set of comrades. | :37:35. | :37:39. | |
People sell you the service sense of humour is different, and a lot | :37:39. | :37:42. | |
of us here wouldn't be in open employment, working here gets you | :37:42. | :37:45. | |
out of the house, gets you working, brings home a wage, plus you have | :37:45. | :37:55. | |
good fun with the guys as well. Every wreath and every poppy we | :37:55. | :38:01. | |
make is made by hand. And every one is made with great care and a great | :38:02. | :38:05. | |
eye for quality. The factory is open all year round to ensure they | :38:05. | :38:10. | |
are able to meet the demands for the annual Scottish Poppy Appeal. | :38:10. | :38:18. | |
We make 5.1 million poppies a year, we make about 28,000-long stemmed | :38:18. | :38:22. | |
poppies. 10,000 wreaths a year. We also make the wooden crosses that | :38:22. | :38:31. | |
people plant in the Garden of Remembrance each year. The factory | :38:31. | :38:39. | |
opens its doors to visitors, which includes hundreds of schoolchildren. | :38:39. | :38:44. | |
The veterans enjoy sharing their war stories, as well as teaching | :38:44. | :38:47. | |
them the importance of the poppy. think it is really important that | :38:48. | :38:52. | |
the children come here to visit the factory for a number of reasons. | :38:52. | :38:57. | |
They need to learn a little about the horrors of the First World War, | :38:57. | :39:05. | |
and that history needs to be kept alive. Touring the factory and | :39:05. | :39:09. | |
meeting the veterans is a real eye- opener for the younger generation. | :39:09. | :39:12. | |
It is fun coming to the Poppy Factory, because we come down and | :39:12. | :39:18. | |
get to make loads of poppies. enjoyed making all those poppies, | :39:18. | :39:22. | |
and also meeting all the ex- servicemen. They have been selling | :39:22. | :39:26. | |
us some stories about why they are here and how things work and | :39:26. | :39:29. | |
everything, it is really interesting. | :39:29. | :39:31. | |
My favourite part about coming here is probably listening to the | :39:31. | :39:38. | |
stories and making poppies. It is important for the children to come | :39:38. | :39:43. | |
round, and can see men who have actually been in wars, like Ireland, | :39:43. | :39:49. | |
and Afghanistan, even, and you have got to keep rembering. It is | :39:49. | :39:53. | |
important to remember all the people that sacrificed their lives | :39:53. | :39:57. | |
and still sacrifice their lives today to help give us the free | :39:57. | :40:03. | |
country we have. I really did enjoy today, coming and learning about | :40:03. | :40:09. | |
what they have to do, and what really the poppy means to Scotland | :40:09. | :40:12. | |
and Britain. Remembrance means to me that eventhough people are still | :40:12. | :40:16. | |
fighting today, and people have died, that just to remember them, | :40:16. | :40:20. | |
because they have been fighting for the country and they are really | :40:20. | :40:29. | |
important. Poppy Scotland, the charity mind the Poppy Factory, | :40:29. | :40:34. | |
uses the funds raised to give money back to the Armed Forces community. | :40:34. | :40:37. | |
Poppy Scotland will help absolutely anybody who is a member of the | :40:37. | :40:40. | |
Armed Forces community. It could be somebody coming back from | :40:40. | :40:46. | |
Afghanistan, a World War II veteran, their family and one of their | :40:46. | :40:49. | |
dependants. We are making a difference to individuals who | :40:49. | :40:53. | |
otherwise would be left aside. Poppy Scotland is there to support | :40:53. | :40:57. | |
them whatever and whenever that need may be. Thanks to the | :40:57. | :41:00. | |
generosity of the public, 2010 was a record-breaking year for the | :41:00. | :41:06. | |
Scottish Poppy Appeal. This year we raised �2.34 million. It is the | :41:06. | :41:09. | |
first time we have raised over �2 million through the tins. That | :41:09. | :41:14. | |
allows us to improve somebody's quality of life. Every pound you | :41:14. | :41:18. | |
are putting into the poppy tin to buy a Scottish poppy, that poppy is | :41:18. | :41:26. | |
hand made in Scotland by a Scottish veteran. I'm incredibly proud of | :41:26. | :41:29. | |
being involved in the factory, it is a unique organisation, and we | :41:29. | :41:35. | |
are a real power for good in the sector in which we operate. | :41:35. | :41:42. | |
It is fantastic and happy place to work, it does terrific good work. | :41:42. | :41:48. | |
I really do enjoy it. I have never been so happy in a long time. | :41:48. | :41:51. | |
definitely like a family, there is no getting away from that. It is | :41:51. | :41:57. | |
lovely. I'm very, very proud of it, very proud. I hope it goes on | :41:57. | :42:04. |