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Cannabis: Time for a Change?

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Cannabis, weed, skunk.

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Call it what you will.

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For many people,

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it's a common sight at music festivals, house parties,

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and frankly, your local town centre.

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It's the most commonly used illegal drug in Britain,

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and last year in England and Wales alone,

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over 2 million people admitted taking it,

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even though being caught could land you in prison.

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But all over the world, attitudes to cannabis are changing.

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These countries have decriminalised the drug, meaning if you're caught

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with a small amount of weed, you're not going to jail.

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Some have gone further and legalised it,

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and if you want to see things changing at pace,

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look at North America.

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In the US, 21 states have decriminalised

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small amounts of cannabis for personal consumption,

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and eight have gone further, legalising recreational use.

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But the place that many are watching is Canada,

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with the country set to legalise the drug next year.

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So with all this happening around the world,

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some in the UK are asking...

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I'm in Brighton to meet Rob.

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Hiya. How're you doing?

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He's the chair of the Brighton Cannabis Club

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and thinks the answer to that question is yes.

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So, basically, we're visiting a venue that offer

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a fully medicated meal to Brighton Cannabis Club members.

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And you say "fully medicated" -

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that means there's loads of weed in the meal.

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Yes, it's cannabis infused,

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so it will get you high if you consume it.

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-So this meal is all about taking lots of cannabis, basically.

-Yeah.

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Lots of people today, it's a rainy, drizzly day on the seaside,

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lots of people would just go to the pub at lunchtime.

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Why not just have a pint like everyone else?

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Why does it have to be cannabis?

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For us, we consider cannabis to be the less harmful alternative to

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basically smoking tobacco or drinking alcohol,

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and that isn't for everyone.

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So where exactly are we going?

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Because we are wandering the streets a bit at the minute.

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I can't tell you the exact location. What it is, it's a restaurant

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in Brighton that will allow you, 24 hours in advance, to book in

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a fully medicated menu if you are a Brighton Cannabis Club member.

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Right. That makes it sound quite dodgy.

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Unfortunately, that's due to the legality

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and that's why it is only available for Brighton Cannabis Club members.

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So, in the kitchen here, a couple of chefs have been hard at work

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all morning knocking up some food.

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Just taking a look over there now,

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it looks pretty impressive, to be honest.

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And...I'll be honest, it's not the kind of food you'd expect in

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a sort of cafe in Amsterdam or somewhere like that.

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It's not brownies and space cake or anything like this -

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it's pretty high-end food.

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And I've actually been chatting to the chef who's behind it,

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and he's worked in some really top restaurants.

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And before you get the wrong end of the stick, this is not

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what they're going to put in all the food.

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This green stuff here is actually genuinely a dressing for it.

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The food is going to be infused with an oil that goes through it,

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and that's where the cannabis will be.

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So, Rob, what's for starters today?

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It'll be corn-fed chicken goujons with black garlic aioli,

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and for the main course, we'll be having grilled sea beam fillet

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with purple Afghan and pea arancini.

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I mean, where in there is the cannabis?

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Where are we finding cannabis in that?

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So, you'll find it in the pea arancini.

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The purple Afghan will be the strain with the pea arancini.

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It's strange, isn't it?

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Cos we're sat here, and it's quite a civilised event.

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You're all sat around, you've a glass of red wine in front of you,

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it's quite a relaxed atmosphere.

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But the Government would say, what you're doing is illegal,

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and it's illegal because of the harm it can do to you

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and your friends and also wider society.

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Why do you think you should be doing this?

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We believe that the information is outdated.

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Their reports and, basically, research is all very outdated.

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If you take a look at Spain, Portugal, Canada, America, they're

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all coming through with progressive, forward-thinking policies

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that are basically spreading more of a positive impact

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and utilising the cannabis culture for the positive it can do -

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for the local community, for the industry, for medical patients,

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for recreational users that just want to have a social experience

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but not be criminalised for it.

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It's pretty obvious you represent Brighton Cannabis Club -

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-it's blazed all over your T-shirt.

-Yeah.

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-How popular is the club?

-So far, we have over 400 club members.

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We've been around for about three, four years now.

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We have over 40,000 Instagram followers and 6,000 Facebook likes,

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and we basically keep growing.

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We've had, one of our outdoor events, Green Pride,

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which is growing year-on-year.

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So, our first year, we only had 100 people turn up to it.

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Our second year, 1,000, our third year 1,500

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and about eight different stalls.

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And this year, we hit over 3,000 people attending

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and about 25 different stalls setting up for the day

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with, basically, limited police interruption.

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That might be Rob's experience in Brighton,

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but I want to get a sense of the national picture from Greg,

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chair of the UK Cannabis Social Clubs.

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Generally we've got a movement that's built up now.

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Six years ago, when we started in 2011,

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we didn't have any clubs in the country.

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People were just growing their own and consuming their own,

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and if they got busted, they got busted.

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But what we've done now is we've put out a model and there are

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over 100 clubs six years later working towards that model

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to try and say, "This is how we can integrate into the rest of society."

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You know, we are a self-regulated model that has, you know,

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shown over the years to be successful -

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quite the proof that we've seen.

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The meal that you've all been eating today looks pretty fancy,

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but is it really not the case that it's just five or six guys

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sitting around a table getting stoned?

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Well, I wouldn't say we're just sitting

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around the table getting stoned.

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Cannabis is just the thing that's brought us together.

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We are just socialising, just in the same way as people

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go to, you know, at lunchtime and say, "Let's go and have a beer."

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Is the idea of this sort of thing,

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with all this fancy food knocking around,

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and in this kind of environment, to try and take people away from

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the idea of what a cannabis club would be?

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Cos I think a lot of people would think it's a smoky club in Amsterdam

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or something like that.

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We're definitely trying to normalise cannabis use,

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and to be open about it is really important.

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It does normalise it and it does gradually change minds in society.

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We're not asking people to suddenly go,

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"Oh, right, yeah, we accept it now."

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We're saying, like, "Listen to what we've got to say.

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"We're not the demon people that you might have once thought we were."

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The thing about spending time with Rob, Greg,

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and the guys down at the meal was what they were doing in that

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environment feels quite normal in that setting, but what you've

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got to remember is that what they were doing was actually illegal,

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and, frankly, they could have all been arrested for doing just that.

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But that's the question, isn't it?

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We're asking, should weed, cannabis, call it what you want, be illegal?

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The chances of the guys down there getting arrested today were

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probably quite slim, but had they done that in a country with

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much stricter drug laws, they probably would be.

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Somewhere like Sweden,

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which, despite having a reputation for being a liberal country,

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has some of the strictest drug laws in Europe, arguably the world.

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Annika Strandhall is the minister in charge of drug policy.

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Because, you know, in Sweden we have very broad political support

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in both the government and the parliament for our...

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-SHE SAYS A SWEDISH WORD

-..as we call it in Sweden,

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a drug-free society.

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At the heart of Swedish drug policy is this idea that cannabis is

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a gateway drug.

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Can you explain why you hold that policy so close?

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We see, especially among young people and also a lot of studies

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show, that an extensive use of cannabis or regular use of cannabis

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at an early age also affects especially young people's brains,

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so that's why it's an important part in our drug policy

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and the way that we work to prevent the start, or the gateway,

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that cannabis is for many young people into heavier drugs.

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Talking to people here in Sweden, there does seem to be a bit of

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a generational divide, in that a lot of the older Swedes that we speak to

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seem to back the government and the government policy,

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but a lot of the younger Swedes have a much more liberal attitude

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when it comes to drugs.

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Do you see drug policy changing over here?

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In Sweden we had quite liberal use of drugs and policies

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in the '60s and '70s,

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and we saw an increase of drug use in society as a whole,

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and, of course, the elderly Swedes know that we had this

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development in Sweden, and also what it led to.

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We also have quite low levels of young people that use drugs

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regularly or even occasionally.

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So, in that way, our policies are successful,

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but we also have challenges, especially when it comes to...

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to the mortality rate if you are a more heavy drug user,

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and this is something that we are working on.

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Whilst many Swedes I've spoken to agree with the government's

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strict drug policy, there are plenty that don't.

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Alexander Bard is a bit of a celebrity here,

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a former musician and now a judge on Sweden's Got Talent.

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He's also passionate about changing the law on drugs.

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Essentially why Sweden was the Saudi Arabia of drugs,

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which it has been until recently in Europe,

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was because in Sweden we had this idea that we'd have a government,

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it could be socialist or conservative, it didn't matter,

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but the government would actually sponsor

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an aggressive anti-drugs policy,

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and suddenly Sweden is at least the country in Europe where drug policy

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and culture surrounding drugs is changing the fastest at the moment.

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Because we've come here because people say,

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"Oh, it's the strictest country in Europe."

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But your argument is it might be strict from the politicians

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-and the people putting the laws in place...

-Yeah.

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..but lots of young people are moving away from that

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and their attitudes are changing.

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-Oh, totally, totally.

-Yeah?

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I mean, policy in Sweden, and the aggressive anti-drugs stance there

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is kind of an anomaly in Swedish culture.

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Sweden is incredibly liberal about sex, for example.

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So these, sort of...

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This aggressive conservative stance concerning drugs is, kind of,

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an anomaly in Swedish policy.

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Swedish drug policy has always been about this idea of the gateway drug,

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and cannabis was seen as this gateway drug.

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-Yeah.

-It was the, kind of...

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-All your drug policy is based around this philosophy...

-Yeah.

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..and lots of people still believe that to be the case.

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We've spoken to the head of police who's tackling narcotics.

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We've spoken to the MPs. All these people say that's still the case.

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-Yeah.

-Why do you think that's different, then?

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Well, it turned out it was a lie. That's frankly not true.

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It's not empirically true. That's not how it works.

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And, ironically, some people start with LSD

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and then they smoke cannabis.

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If I come back in five years' time, will it be completely different?

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Will it be a legalised, liberal system?

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We have to start differentiating between the drugs that are

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recreational in use and are not addictive -

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they're one category - but then we have the other category which is

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incredibly addictive drugs that are destructive for you

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and make you dysfunctional as a human being,

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and I don't see that we're going to legalise those drugs in a long time.

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Rather we're going to have a much more advanced

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and civilised debate on how we deal with addiction per se,

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and I think Sweden could definitely go at the forefront

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of that movement.

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Later that evening, I found two friends in a bar who have

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very different views on cannabis, so I jumped in for a chat.

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It's like with alcohol.

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I think that it should be as prohibited as with alcohol.

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I don't... I don't see the difference between it.

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Cos your off-licences are government-regulated, aren't they?

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-Yes.

-And that's how you'd like to treat weed?

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Yeah. Yeah, I think so.

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You can, you can, you can have a...

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You can have a beer or a glass of wine or anything,

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pairing with food and wine or beer,

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but when it comes to drugs it's...it's just drugs.

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And you think they should just be banned

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-and that's the easiest way to do that?

-Yeah. Yeah, absolutely.

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-But you don't...

-But is that really, like, the solution to that?

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It's a generation question, actually.

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I think a lot of, like, the younger ones, they smoke more, like...

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-Have you ever smoked a joint?

-Yes, I have.

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-But you wouldn't do it in front of her?

-Yeah. Yeah.

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-You'd jeopardise your friendship.

-No, no, no.

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I know she loves me anyway.

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The Swedish approach, on paper, isn't a million miles from the laws

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we have in the UK,

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but my next stop is somewhere with a completely different approach.

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16 years ago, Portugal took the bold step of decriminalising all drugs,

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and while that doesn't mean they've been legalised,

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it does mean if you're stopped with a small amount of anything

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from cannabis to heroin, you'll be treated as if you've got

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a medical problem, rather than a criminal one.

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Dr Joao Goulao is the man who designed the system.

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We started from a catastrophic position,

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but we had one of the highest rates of problematic drug use

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in Europe by the late '90s.

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It was almost impossible to find a Portuguese family that had

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no problems in relation with drugs.

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We decided to try a new approach, and we are happy -

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15, 16 years later we can look back and say that

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we have a lot of improvement

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in the consequences of drug use in Portugal.

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If you look at the statistics, the UK has some of the highest rates

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of people admitting that they've used drugs in their lifetime,

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much higher than here in Portugal.

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Do you think we've got a lesson to learn from how you're doing it here?

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We are not trying to sell a model.

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We are sharing our experience,

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which was, in my view, and it's assumed,

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it was...it was successful,

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and can be an example for others.

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One of the ideas the Portuguese government are really keen on

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is this idea that drug users are treated medically

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and not criminally.

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That means teaching people how, in their words,

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to use drugs more safely,

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and this place claims to do just that.

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-Ricardo, nice to meet you.

-Hi.

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So we have a lot of paraphernalia here -

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some of the materials we give.

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-And you've got users here that work with you as well, don't you?

-Yeah.

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So it's a system that's a bit different to normal.

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You're not, sort of, medics on one side and users on the other.

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-You've got users amongst you guys, working here?

-Yes.

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I think you should talk to Magda. You should meet her.

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She's an interesting person. She came here as a client.

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She knows many services as a client,

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and now she's been working for some years also

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-in this project.

-Excellent.

-OK?

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-Hi.

-Hello.

-Is it Magda?

-Yes.

-Nice to meet you.

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Do you want to pop round and we'll sit and have a chat

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over on the sofa, where it's a bit more comfortable?

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So, have you got any personal experience of drug use yourself?

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Yes. I've been using drugs since I was 12.

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I started doing hashish,

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and, about when I was 16, I tried heroin, smoked,

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but I wasn't aware.

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There was no information at that time about drugs,

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and I had the idea that only injecting

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would get me hooked on heroin.

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From the sound of what you're saying,

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you've lived through both drug systems.

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You've lived through the, kind of, criminalised previous system

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and this more decriminalised medical system now.

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How is it different and which do you prefer?

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The difference is that before the decriminalisation

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we were seen as dangerous people,

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and after the decriminalisation,

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there were much more places where people could get treatment.

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Well, chatting to people in Lisbon, it's clear that most people

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seem to think that the government here's got it just about right

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when it comes to the more liberal, kind of, medical approach to drugs,

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but, as with these things, not everyone agrees.

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We're heading just outside of the city now to meet a guy who

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runs his own drug clinic, and the interesting thing about him is,

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from what we've heard,

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he thinks it's all gone that little bit too far.

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-Hi, Carlos. Nice to meet you.

-Hello. Hi.

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-How are you doing?

-How are you?

-Yeah, good.

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Carlos Fugas has been working to help users for over 30 years,

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and now runs this residential rehab centre for recovering addicts.

0:15:420:15:46

What is it about the Portuguese system that you think has

0:15:460:15:48

just overstepped the mark?

0:15:480:15:51

We need more restrictive measures,

0:15:510:15:55

because it's too easy for our youngsters to get drugs.

0:15:550:16:01

As we've walked around, we've seen, clearly,

0:16:010:16:05

people dealing in the streets in certain areas,

0:16:050:16:08

and that's because, in your mind, they're allowed to carry

0:16:080:16:12

quite a lot of drugs on them, so it's quite an easy cover.

0:16:120:16:14

You can just walk around and say, "Oh, this is for me."

0:16:140:16:16

That's the main problem we have, and, erm...

0:16:160:16:21

But I must clarify that I'm in favour of decriminalisation.

0:16:210:16:26

I'm not against the system.

0:16:260:16:28

I think the real problem is the business that is behind

0:16:280:16:34

all this movement.

0:16:340:16:35

Clients, they just want to have a good time when they start

0:16:350:16:39

consuming drugs, but afterwards that good time becomes a nightmare,

0:16:390:16:44

and when it becomes a nightmare,

0:16:440:16:47

where goes the rose picture of liberalisation

0:16:470:16:52

that one can do what ever he wants?

0:16:520:16:55

People are slaves from the substances.

0:16:550:16:59

23-year-old Andreas showed me round the centre.

0:16:590:17:02

He's been living here for six months.

0:17:020:17:04

I'm keen to find out more about his drug problems.

0:17:040:17:06

At first I have problems with hashish, cannabis.

0:17:060:17:10

They were the first.

0:17:100:17:12

Then I started to go to the parties, trance parties,

0:17:120:17:15

and I started to take amphetamines.

0:17:150:17:18

And later, when I was 16, 17, I started to take cocaine.

0:17:180:17:23

And that was very bad for me. I destroyed my life with that.

0:17:230:17:27

Quite a common path that people mention, isn't it?

0:17:270:17:30

People, it's controversial, people don't agree,

0:17:300:17:32

but this idea of a gateway, so you start smoking cannabis,

0:17:320:17:35

then you go on to other drugs.

0:17:350:17:38

Do you see a link between your cannabis use

0:17:380:17:40

and your later use in other drugs?

0:17:400:17:42

Yes, because we get used to the drugs

0:17:430:17:47

and then they seem to stop working, and we need something harder.

0:17:470:17:52

How have drugs, and specifically cannabis

0:17:520:17:56

and all the psychedelic drugs that you take,

0:17:560:17:58

affected your mental health?

0:17:580:18:00

-Have you suffered with mental health issues because of drugs?

-Yes.

0:18:000:18:03

Cannabis has THC and psychotropics

0:18:030:18:07

that really busts your head.

0:18:070:18:11

I started to have psychotic thoughts,

0:18:110:18:14

and I end in the hospital,

0:18:140:18:16

it's cos I hear voices in my head and that was very bad.

0:18:160:18:20

When I walk in the street, I have always the feeling that

0:18:200:18:24

someone is stalking me and I need to hide and run.

0:18:240:18:28

And then here I start to take the right pills, the right

0:18:280:18:33

medication to heal myself, and it's working and I am grateful to that.

0:18:330:18:38

Day two in Portugal and I've been invited out with a street team.

0:18:410:18:44

As all drugs are decriminalised,

0:18:460:18:48

they deal with some users who have serious addictions.

0:18:480:18:50

HE SPEAKS IN OWN LANGUAGE

0:18:500:18:53

This man was the only person we met who agreed to be on camera,

0:18:550:18:58

but most of the users we spoke to said cannabis was the first

0:18:580:19:01

drug they tried.

0:19:010:19:03

Standing in a wasteland on the outskirts of Lisbon,

0:19:030:19:06

surrounded by needles and crack pipes, it's a sobering reminder

0:19:060:19:10

that Portugal's drug problem is far from fixed.

0:19:100:19:12

It's our third day here in Lisbon

0:19:140:19:16

and one of the things that's really struck me since I've been

0:19:160:19:18

here is the levels of open drug use here in the city centre.

0:19:180:19:22

Also, the other thing that's perhaps even more shocking is

0:19:220:19:25

the levels of open drug dealing that's happening.

0:19:250:19:27

I mean, this street for example,

0:19:270:19:28

we were here yesterday with a drugs team.

0:19:280:19:30

They said to us, "Look, put your cameras away, stop filming, because

0:19:300:19:34

"lots of the people we work with here will be put off

0:19:340:19:37

"and be worried about their dealers seeing you in action,"

0:19:370:19:41

so we've come back today with a bit more discreet kit.

0:19:410:19:44

Just to give you a sense of where we are in the city

0:19:440:19:46

and how this isn't a run-down bit of town,

0:19:460:19:49

this is actually one of the main tourist areas,

0:19:490:19:51

and just over there, well, that's one of the biggest

0:19:510:19:54

squares that everyone comes to when they visit Lisbon.

0:19:540:19:57

The final stop for me in Portugal is the dissuasion court.

0:19:590:20:03

I think it must be this one,

0:20:030:20:04

so, this is definitely the address we've been given.

0:20:040:20:07

Well, they've let us in, so that's a good sign.

0:20:080:20:11

Certainly not what you'd expect of a court back in Britain,

0:20:110:20:14

but maybe we've got the wrong end of the stick,

0:20:140:20:16

maybe this isn't a traditional court.

0:20:160:20:18

Must have a... It's getting weirder.

0:20:230:20:25

It's definitely not the entrance to a court you would be

0:20:250:20:29

accustomed to back home.

0:20:290:20:30

Users who are caught with small amounts of drugs are referred

0:20:330:20:36

here and dealt with as medical patients and not criminals.

0:20:360:20:39

HE RINGS DOORBELL

0:20:400:20:43

-Hi.

-Jim.

-Nice to meet you. Show us around.

-Yeah.

0:20:430:20:46

This is the waiting room.

0:20:460:20:47

These are the rooms where we have the preliminary

0:20:470:20:50

interview before the hearing stage.

0:20:500:20:54

And this is the room where we are having a hearing now.

0:20:540:20:56

We'll be able to join them.

0:20:560:20:58

Ricardo has been given an appointment after being

0:21:000:21:02

caught with cannabis at a music festival.

0:21:020:21:04

He's agreed to let us film his hearing if we don't show his face.

0:21:040:21:08

I heard the word hashish mentioned there.

0:21:080:21:10

He was caught with some cannabis then?

0:21:100:21:12

Yeah, he was caught with a small amount of hashish,

0:21:120:21:15

a cannabis derivative.

0:21:150:21:17

Because it's a non-addict, a recreational user,

0:21:170:21:21

first-time offence, we suspend the procedure for three months.

0:21:210:21:25

And if he's not caught a second time in that period of treatment,

0:21:250:21:30

we will close the procedure.

0:21:300:21:32

After the hearing I'm keen to have a chat with Ricardo to see what

0:21:380:21:41

he thinks of the dissuasion court.

0:21:410:21:43

We won't film your face.

0:21:430:21:44

Do you think this process so, chatting to a psychologist,

0:21:440:21:48

a doctor, coming in here, has made you think about your drug use?

0:21:480:21:52

Exactly.

0:21:520:21:54

I am not addicted, so I will stop.

0:21:540:21:56

From now it will make me stop.

0:21:560:21:58

I don't need it.

0:21:580:22:00

And the systems in Portugal, I think this is the best, because it's

0:22:000:22:05

not for one mistake that a person has to be for a life sentence.

0:22:050:22:10

Well, that was fascinating, and quite an experience.

0:22:140:22:17

Everything about this is weird, isn't it?

0:22:170:22:19

Look, the building,

0:22:190:22:21

not a court in the sense that you'd know back home.

0:22:210:22:24

The whole experience was very relaxed, it was very informal,

0:22:240:22:28

and we saw a guy going through that case

0:22:280:22:30

and at the end of it saying,

0:22:300:22:32

"Look, I'm not going to smoke weed again," so surely for the people,

0:22:320:22:35

the authorities here, that's a success of their system.

0:22:350:22:38

Back in the UK, and is it time for a change here?

0:22:400:22:43

HE KNOCKS AT DOOR

0:22:430:22:44

At the last election,

0:22:440:22:45

only one major party said it wanted to do things differently.

0:22:450:22:48

The Lib Dems want to legalise cannabis.

0:22:480:22:50

-Hi, there.

-Hi.

-Nice to meet you.

0:22:500:22:52

I went to see their new leader, Vince Cable.

0:22:520:22:54

The evidence is clear that if you want to stop abuse

0:22:540:22:59

and damage to young people, you've got to bring the trade

0:22:590:23:03

into the open and out of the hands of the criminal underworld.

0:23:030:23:06

The Government says it bases its policy on research and evidence,

0:23:060:23:09

and it says it's protecting people from the harm that drugs causes.

0:23:090:23:13

Well, I certainly don't want to promote drug use,

0:23:130:23:17

and, you know, there are some forms of drugs

0:23:170:23:20

that are legal like cigarettes and alcohol,

0:23:200:23:22

and they do cause harm, but they're still legal, and you try to

0:23:220:23:25

minimise the use and you use taxation and regulation to try and limit it.

0:23:250:23:30

Others are illegal, cannabis being a good example, but there

0:23:300:23:35

are serious negative side-effects from driving it underground.

0:23:350:23:38

And common sense suggests to me that you should try to regulate

0:23:380:23:42

and control this market rather than just have a free-market

0:23:420:23:45

anarchy in the underground which is what happens at the moment.

0:23:450:23:48

When cannabis plants are being bred and grown,

0:23:490:23:51

they have a substance called cannabigerol that goes on to form

0:23:510:23:54

three other substances when the plant grows.

0:23:540:23:56

Two are really important

0:23:560:23:58

when it comes to how the user is affected by the drug.

0:23:580:24:01

THC, that's what gets people high, but at increased levels it's

0:24:010:24:05

also the thing blamed for mental health issues.

0:24:050:24:08

The other substance is CBD.

0:24:080:24:10

It acts as an anti-psychotic

0:24:100:24:12

and counteracts some of the negative effects of THC.

0:24:120:24:16

Depending on the genetics of the plant, you can

0:24:160:24:18

either have a high THC, low CBD strain, or CBD can be

0:24:180:24:22

the main compound, or you can have something a bit more balanced.

0:24:220:24:25

There are three main types of cannabis product,

0:24:270:24:29

and the amount of THC in each of them varies massively.

0:24:290:24:32

Hash, where CBD is generally higher and THC tends to be low.

0:24:320:24:37

Herbal cannabis, where THC levels are low

0:24:370:24:40

and CBD is usually low or not there at all.

0:24:400:24:43

And then there's high potency cannabis, often called skunk,

0:24:430:24:46

which has high levels of THC and almost no CBD.

0:24:460:24:50

It's also the most common type of cannabis being sold,

0:24:500:24:53

making up around 80% to 90% of the market in the UK.

0:24:530:24:56

And some argue it's this lack of CBD and high THC in skunk that

0:24:560:25:01

leads to mental health problems, especially in those with underlying problems.

0:25:010:25:04

We wanted to put what we'd found in Sweden and Portugal

0:25:060:25:08

to the Government here, but it wouldn't speak to us.

0:25:080:25:11

In an e-mail it says it has no plans to legalise cannabis,

0:25:110:25:15

saying there's clear scientific and medical evidence that it's a

0:25:150:25:18

harmful drug which can damage people's mental and physical health.

0:25:180:25:22

Well, the Government wouldn't speak to us in person there,

0:25:220:25:24

but we are going to meet someone who will, who's very passionate

0:25:240:25:27

about this subject, he's a hereditary peer called Lord Monson.

0:25:270:25:30

He's got a very personal reason for being interested in this subject.

0:25:300:25:33

Yep, that looks like a suitably grand house for a Lord,

0:25:350:25:38

so, right, I'll just move in here.

0:25:380:25:40

Jim, really nice to meet you.

0:25:410:25:43

He's invited me along to talk about his 21-year-old son,

0:25:430:25:46

who had a problem with cannabis.

0:25:460:25:48

We noticed that there was something that was becoming strange

0:25:480:25:51

with Rupert about a year ago.

0:25:510:25:52

Anyway, he was diagnosed with drug induced psychosis,

0:25:540:25:59

and he was duly sectioned.

0:25:590:26:01

One day in January he said to his mother that he was,

0:26:030:26:08

the voices were getting so strong in his head and he was very scared.

0:26:080:26:12

Anyway, two days later he went out in the evening, and then, uh...

0:26:120:26:18

..he killed himself.

0:26:190:26:20

Afterwards, I spoke to the doctors.

0:26:220:26:26

Somebody just said in an offhand way, "This is yet another,

0:26:260:26:29

"kind of, casualty of skunk."

0:26:290:26:32

And I said, "Well, listen, that, sort of, skunk, cannabis must have changed."

0:26:320:26:38

He said, "Well, this is not really cannabis

0:26:380:26:40

"that you might have known, with the greatest of respect, sir, 40

0:26:400:26:44

"years ago when you might have been experimenting with the old toke."

0:26:440:26:48

He said this was completely different stuff, so I looked it up on the internet.

0:26:480:26:53

And I was actually shocked to discover how strong this variant of cannabis is.

0:26:530:26:59

And, as such, it's my belief that the way to tackle skunk is to

0:27:000:27:06

legalise the old-fashioned cannabis so it has the right balance

0:27:060:27:12

of THC with CBD, and it has only

0:27:120:27:18

a sort of certain level of potency.

0:27:180:27:22

Lots of people listening to this will find it strange that

0:27:220:27:25

a drug that you say killed your son, you are now campaigning to legalise.

0:27:250:27:29

I think that skunk is, it's been labelled as cannabis,

0:27:290:27:34

but it's not really, it's a Frankenstein variant.

0:27:340:27:38

Some people will argue that, frankly,

0:27:380:27:42

your son may have had underlying mental health issues,

0:27:420:27:45

and that's what led to him killing himself and it wasn't the drug.

0:27:450:27:49

Well, indeed, yes, that has been, um, put to me.

0:27:490:27:54

Well, I have received a whole lot of letters,

0:27:540:27:56

people who read about Rupert's death.

0:27:560:27:59

-Can I read you out one of them?

-Yeah, sure.

0:27:590:28:02

It said, "I was so sad to read about the loss of your son, Rupert.

0:28:020:28:06

"It had so many parallels with the death of my son.

0:28:060:28:10

"He also had a history of mental illness,

0:28:100:28:11

"in the most part caused by smoking cannabis and skunk."

0:28:110:28:14

Lord Monson has received a number of letters,

0:28:140:28:17

all containing stories very similar to Rupert's.

0:28:170:28:20

Whilst we're going through them, his friend Louisa arrives.

0:28:200:28:23

Hello, Louisa! How lovely to see you!

0:28:230:28:26

She's a drug worker in London and they've been working

0:28:260:28:29

together on an approach to high potency cannabis.

0:28:290:28:32

You work with people that use all different types of drugs,

0:28:320:28:34

so heroin addicts, crack addicts.

0:28:340:28:36

How does that compare with someone that's got a skunk problem?

0:28:360:28:39

This won't be the popular answer, but I would say, give me

0:28:390:28:42

a roomful of heroin addicts than skunk addicts.

0:28:420:28:45

If I take my therapist hat off and I think of my own sons,

0:28:460:28:50

I remember saying to my oldest son, "I'll prefer you to take

0:28:500:28:53

"heroin than to smoke skunk," and he looked at me like, "Mum! You can't say that!"

0:28:530:28:59

He doesn't work with the impact.

0:28:590:29:01

Heroin and crack, it does what it says on the tin.

0:29:010:29:06

It's physical, it's emotional, it's spiritual,

0:29:060:29:09

whereas skunk is the psychotic aspect.

0:29:090:29:12

Somebody has to wake up and say the unsayable, which is

0:29:120:29:15

that there is going to be generations of kids with

0:29:150:29:19

severe mental health issues or, with Nicholas's case,

0:29:190:29:22

kids dying, and it won't be from your normal OD from a heroin

0:29:220:29:26

overdose, it will be from suicide because they can't deal with

0:29:260:29:30

the voices, and it's the voices which I work with.

0:29:300:29:34

I just want to get one final thought from you.

0:29:340:29:37

You say you've had this correspondence with the

0:29:370:29:39

Prime Minister, you've had letters going backwards and forwards.

0:29:390:29:43

Recently in the latest Government drug strategy,

0:29:430:29:46

the idea of decriminalisation was mentioned, but very briefly,

0:29:460:29:49

and in short it was dismissed as not having enough evidence.

0:29:490:29:53

I think that the Liberal Democrats have embraced my argument

0:29:530:29:59

and I know that there are many people in the Conservative Party,

0:29:590:30:03

whom beforehand you would never have expected to embrace

0:30:030:30:08

a counterintuitive initiative such as one I'm suggesting,

0:30:080:30:13

and I think there could be, in the next five years I hope, a change of

0:30:130:30:18

heart in the Government, with at least a green paper I should imagine.

0:30:180:30:21

Since meeting Lord Monson, I spoke to the Prime Minister.

0:30:260:30:30

Unfortunately we weren't allowed to film the conversation,

0:30:300:30:33

but she told us she stands by her Government's new drug

0:30:330:30:36

strategy which she says is all about helping people recover.

0:30:360:30:40

Walking around here,

0:30:400:30:41

and it's not hard to find signs of people using cannabis.

0:30:410:30:44

Everywhere you go in this area of east London,

0:30:440:30:47

and to be honest, most other places in the UK, you can see it.

0:30:470:30:50

And even on a weekday morning, you can smell it in the air.

0:30:500:30:53

We had the same experience in Portugal,

0:30:540:30:56

which on the face of it has got much more relaxed drug policies.

0:30:560:31:00

But, I keep thinking back to Ricardo,

0:31:000:31:02

who we saw at the dissuasion court.

0:31:020:31:04

He was caught with a few joints going into a music festival

0:31:040:31:07

and had to go through a half-hour appointment with a psychiatrist,

0:31:070:31:10

he had to go through that kind of court case experience.

0:31:100:31:13

And I keep thinking, what would have happened to him

0:31:130:31:15

if that had have happened in the UK, had he been caught with the same amount of drugs at a festival here?

0:31:150:31:20

Realistically, I suspect, not a lot.

0:31:200:31:24

So, it does beg the question, when it comes to, say, weed,

0:31:240:31:27

do we already have one of the more tolerant approaches in Europe?

0:31:270:31:30

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