15/02/2018 Beyond 100 Days

You're watching Beyond 100 Days.

It's happened again.

The 18th school shooting this year

in America kills 17 people.

Why can't the US fix this?

The accused gunman

is now in custody.

He'd been a student

at the Florida high school.

He went up and down the hallway,

banging and shooting

into the classrooms.

He shot through my door.

President Trump addresses

the nation, promising to tackle

the difficult issue of mental

health, but makes no

mention of gun control.

It is not enough to simply take

actions that make us feel

like we are making a difference.

We must actually make

that difference.

All change in South Africa -

Cyril Ramaphosa says one

of his priorities as the country's

new President will be

to fight corruption.

Also on the programme:

The city of Compton is famous

for rap music and gang wars

but life is improving there.

We explore how.

Get in touch with us

using the hashtag #Beyond100Days.

Hello, I'm Katty Kay in Washington.

It's another of those days

that the world looks

at America and wonders,

how do they tolerate this?

There has been a school shooting

in the US on average every 60

hours so far this year.

Every 60 hours.

As parents across this country

sent their children off

to class this morning,

they wondered, is my child safe?

For too many families in south

Florida, the answer was no.

But, even as politicians

across the board said today that

mass shootings have to stop,

it seems they are

only getting worse.

For the latest, from Florida,

here's Neda Tawfik.

Running for their lives, these

panicked students fled as fast as

they could.

They realised quickly

that they were in very real danger.

This was not a drill that American

schools have rehearsed time

and again for these exact scenarios.

I have the gunshot victim.

Stoneman Douglas High

was quickly placed on lockdown.

These were the terrifying

sounds from inside.

Students huddled together, shaken,

scared, and completely helpless.

They leaned on each other

for support as the horror

unfolded in front of them.

One of my friends, I haven't heard

from him, says that shooting

happened.

Police have identified

the 19-year-old attacker

as Nikolas Cruz.

He arrived on campus heavily armed,

with a semiautomatic rifle

and several magazines of ammunition.

He also carried a gas

mask and smoke grenades.

It is clear that this

was a well-planned plot

to maximise the loss of life.

The shooter set off the fire alarm

to draw children out

of their classrooms.

Police warned that the shooter was

still at large even as the rescue

operation was under way.

Another jolt of terror, and then

relief as students realised SWAT

teams and not the shooter had

reached them first.

He went up and down the hallway

banging and shooting

into the classrooms,

he shot through my door

and broke the window.

As soon as the fire drill went

to the kids got evacuated.

Then all of a sudden we heard one

of our student government teachers

say, run as fast as you can,

and we heard a gunshot.

17 children and teachers killed,

more than a dozen injured,

being treated in local hospitals.

President Trump addressed the nation

from the White House and said

he will visit victims and local

officials in Parkland.

He said the country needed to tackle

the difficult issue of mental health

but was silent on gun control.

No child, no teacher should ever be

in danger in an American school.

No parent should ever have to fear

for their sons and their daughters

when they kiss them goodbye

in the morning.

This is the moment Nikolas Cruz was

finally arrested in a nearby town.

He evaded authorities

for almost one hour,

blending in with the swarms

of students fleeing the school.

He has now been charged with 17

counts of premeditated murder

and is being held without bail.

Authorities are piecing

together his possible motives.

He was expelled from the school last

year for disciplinary

reasons, and students

described him as troubled.

He was on the FBI's

radar since September.

He was flagged up to the agency

after he commented on a YouTube

video that he would be

a "professional schools shooter".

The FBI says they investigated

the threat but could not identify

the person behind it.

One of the safest cities

in the country, but it did not stop

it from becoming the 18th

school shooting this year.

The question that seemingly everyone

in the nation is now asking

is whether this is the new normal.

Tales of heroism are

emerging from the tragedy.

One security guard and football

coach is said to have shielded

children as the gunman fired.

He did not survive his injuries.

The kids in the community

loved him, adored him.

He was one of the greatest

people I knew.

A phenomenal man.

With each shooting, there

is the inevitable debate on gun

ownership in America.

Yet this country is more

divided than ever on how

to solve this problem.

Too many children and families.

Neda Tawfik reporting

there from Florida.

The government has now appeared in

court in southern Florida and has

been held without bail. The FBI has

conferred it got a tip about

somebody with the same name as the

shooter in September, and a white

separatist group said he had some

ties to them. -- white supremacist

group.

For more on the investigation now

under way I am joined by Ron Hosko,

former assistant

director of the FBI.

What happens when the FBI gets a tip

of the nature that it received about

somebody with the same name as the

shooter in September?

The FBI gets

dozens of tips every day. They are

looking for those tips not only for

the ability to track it back to a

source, but also from the

perspective of, is there any sort of

federal crime being committed by the

conduct, by the words of the text or

tweet, or their communication.

If

there hasn't been, they can't do

much.

They can't do much other than

talk to local law enforcement

authorities that might have a piece

of jurisdiction but, if the FBI

would try and identify and run out

on every one of these tips, the FBI

would have nothing else on its

plate, and it does have much on its

plate, cyber terrorism,

counterintelligence, criminal

activities.

We are seeing pictures

of the shooter, who has appeared in

court. I understand he appeared by

video link. It seems, in this case,

there was a YouTube page in which

somebody by the same name as that

young man said he wanted to become a

professional school shooter. Would

that language fall into the category

of something that was actionable for

the FBI?

It depends.

Is there no set

standard?

They could maybe try and

identify him and have a

conversation, if they have the right

wee sources. They might be able to

hand it to local law enforcement if

they can trace it back to one

person. But is it actionable from a

federal prosecutor perspective? No.

What the FBI is looking for four

federal prosecution is, are there

any contingencies with the threat?

Does the person have the immediate

ability to carry out? Is it an

immediate threat? There is a

difference between this sort of

threat, even though it is later

proven that this person may be the

same may have been serious, and

e-mailing somebody or communicating

with them, I am coming to your house

to shoot you dead this afternoon and

I live three blocks away, or across

the state line, even better for the

FBI. The FBI is looking for a

federal nexus. Federal prosecutors

look closely at that, and FBI agents

make determinations on how to

allocate their time, based on the

likelihood of federal prosecution.

From what we know of this attack and

the investigation so far, what more

could law enforcement have done? Was

there anything that was missed that

should have been picked up?

From

what we've heard, it sounds as

though there were a number of

warning signs with this gentleman,

and this one communication the FBI

was made aware of months ago might

have been significantly enhanced by

some of the postings that have been

referred to in recent days and

weeks. They were much more

threatening and may be suggested

this person had a serious problem.

Add to that his weapon possession of

a AR-15, maybe acquisition of it. It

goes back to this see something, say

something idea. Do enough pieces,

wrote a person that start to suggest

it's real. -- pieces come around a

person. The problem for law

enforcement is we are not perfect at

predicting when words will turn to

action.

There have been claims by a

Florida -based white supremacist

group that he had done some training

with them. How would that play into

the investigation?

The FBI would

look at that and they will be

working with law enforcement on

these connections. What were his

inspirations? It sounds as though he

suffered a serious loss, losing his

mother in November. Perhaps that was

life changing and started to put him

on this path. Law enforcement will

try to reconstruct the entire

picture to occlude what ever he

chooses to tell them and share, and

try and look back and say, what were

his real drivers, was a depression,

psychotic episodes, family loss,

school, the whole collection.

Thank

you for coming in.

So why does America have this

scourge that no other country does?

The lobby group for the gun

industry, the National

Rifle Association,

has formidable power

in this country.

It donates a lot of money to

politicians who oppose gun controls.

In the 2016 election campaign

cycle, the NRA spent

$54.4 million on candidates

who support gun rights.

98% of that money

went to Republicans.

Marco Rubio, the Republican senator

from Florida, tweeted last night,

Senator Rubio has received

$3.3 million from the NRA

over his political career.

President Trump was a huge

recipient of NRA support.

The group spent $11.4

million on pro-Trump ads

in the 2016 election -

and, just as importantly,

$19.8 million on ads

against Hillary Clinton.

Chris Murphy is the Democratic

senator from Connecticut.

In 2012, 20 six and seven-year-olds

were killed in his state

at Sandy Hook elementary school.

He gave an impassioned speech on the

Senate floor last night.

This

happens nowhere else other than the

United States of America. This

academic of mass slaughter --

epidemic slaughter, the scourge of

school shooting after school

shooting. It only happens here not

because of coincidence, not because

of bad luck, but as a consequence of

our inaction. We are responsible.

I

spoke to Senator Murphy a short time

ago.

President Trump mentioned the issue

of mental health, which certainly is

a problem in the United States, but

every country has people with mental

health problems. It's only America

that has this rate of school

shootings. Why?

The problem has

never been one of mental illness.

America has no greater rate of

mental illness than any other

country. What's different in the

United States is a celebratory

culture of gun violence, that

somehow green lights in these

shooters' mines, the idea of mass

violence, and access to weapons that

doesn't exist in other places. Many

people in Newtown don't think that

Adam Lansar wouldn't have bought

into that count if he didn't have

violent video games. The ease with

which people can get their hands on

AR-15s contributes to it, and that

is something which is exclusive to

the United States.

How powerful is

the National Rifle Association? What

pressure does it put on members of

Congress?

The NRA remains powerful

enough to block progress. It's an

issue of political power. They have

been organising for 20 to 30 is, and

the modern anti-gun movement really

dates from Sandy Hook. We will catch

up and become stronger than them,

but it's going to be a bunch of

failures until we get success, and

that isn't unlike any other great

social change in this country.

We

all thought, after the awful tragedy

in Newtown in your state, things

might change, but if they didn't

change then, will it ever?

This is

about political power. I wish it

were about people having an epiphany

that they should demand that

Congress takes steps to protect

their children and grandchildren,

but it's ultimately about creating

more activists across this country

that will show up at town halls and

flood campaign offices and work to

vote out members of Congress that

routinely vote against the 90% of

their constituents that want things

like universal background checks.

Thank you for joining me. There

seems to be a pick-up in the number

of these incidents, and it's

possible that parents across this

country start demand some kind of

action from lawmakers, but I covered

the Newtown shootings and I was

there just after the children were

killed. We thought that would change

things in America, but that would be

the catalyst for action to make sure

that school shootings stop. It

wasn't, and you have to wonder, if

it didn't happen then, will it

happen this time? All of our

thoughts go out to those families in

south Florida.

South Africa has a new President.

Its parliament elected

Cyril Ramaphosa to the leadership

today, bringing to an end the reign

of Jacob Zuma, who resigned

late Wednesday.

Mr Ramaphosa inherits a troubled

economy and a divided party -

but among his first items

of business, he says,

will be to fight corruption.

Our Africa editor, Fergal Keane,

sent this report from Cape Town.

In the place they call the mother

city of the Republic,

exaltation at what they felt

was nothing less than deliverance.

And, inside, the words that

signalled the arrival

of a new and very different order.

I declare the honourable

Cyril Ramaphosa duly elected

President of the Republic of South

Africa.

He knew this moment was coming,

yet seemed abashed.

In his first words as President,

the tone was consciously humble.

When one is elected in this type

of position, you basically become

a servant of the people

of South Africa, and I'll seek

to execute that task

with humility, faithfulness

and with dignity as well.

That is what I will seek to do.

For now, his party enemies

are defeated and the country

is broadly behind him.

But, on the other side

of Table Mountain from Parliament,

a sense of the challenge facing

the new leader.

Here in Langa township,

they welcome Ramaphosa

but expect him to deliver

houses, jobs, services.

We are still living in sheds.

We, our mothers and fathers lived

in sheds, and we the children

and obviously our grandchildren have

to live in sheds also.

Mr Ramaphosa, we vote for him,

give him a chance and see

if he will do things better,

different than Mr J Zuma.

After years when their party

was tainted by corruption

and losing electoral support,

ANC Members of Parliament

are daring to hope.

There is a great deal of joy here,

but also expectation.

Cyril Ramaphosa will have to move

quickly to answer people's

needs on the economy and,

above all, corruption.

Fergal Keane, BBC News, Cape Town.

High expectations for Cyril

Ramaphosa, now he has to deliver.

Archbishop Desmond Tutu has become

the latest high-profile personality

to end his ties with Oxfam over

a row about sexual misconduct

by the charity's workers

in Chad and Haiti.

Meanwhile, a former Oxfam worker

at the centre of the reports has

denied paying for sex.

In an open letter, Roland van

Hauwermeiren said a reception held

at his home in Haiti was not,

as alleged, a sex party.

The US Secretary of State, Rex

Tillerson is warning the involvement

of Lebanese militant

group his brother in regional wars

will have a negative

impact on Lebanon itself.

-- Lebanese militant group

Hezbollah.

Mr Tillerson was speaking

in Beirut, where he held

talks with the president,

speaker of parliament

and the Prime Minister.

Germany's Chancellor

has been holding talks

with the Turkish Prime Minister.

Angela Merkel told Binali Yildirim

that Berlin wants to see

a fast judicial process

for a German-Turkish

journalist held in Turkey.

The jailing of Deniz Yucel has put

a strain on relations

between the countries,

and Mr Yildirim said he hoped

We began this programme with news

of gun violence in Florida.

A few weeks ago, I went to the city

of Compton in California to look

at how they've reduced

the number of killings.

Compton became famous

in the 1980s for gang wars.

It was one of the most dangerous

places in the country

and the birthplace of gangsta rap.

But, with better policing,

a proactive mayor and a community

that wants peace, Compton

is turning round.

Here's my report, and a warning -

there are flashing

images at the start.

Crime situation is high, it's very

busy for law enforcement. But it's a

very small percentage of people

causing the problems.

The night

patrol with the LA sheriffs in the

city of competence. Two suspected

members of the south side Compton

Crips gang are under arrest.

It

would be really unsafe for them to

be in the rivals' area and, if they

they'll have to have protection

because it's almost expected for

them to be armed.

Police estimate

there are almost 4000 gang members

in competent

our service area is ten

square miles. So, for every square

mile we have, we have almost six

active gangs.

37 gangs compete for

control in a city of just 100,000

people. Compton's notorious street

gangs, the Compton Crips, the Gloves

and one other, were formed in the

1960s. Their clothes, their tattoos,

even their jewellery Walmart which

gang they belonged to. -- all

marked. Wearing the wrong colour

shirt could have, and still could,

get you killed. Today, Compton is on

the up. Compton's youthful mayor,

Asia Brown, has made it her mission

to transform the image and the

economy of the city. In 2013, early

into her first term, and after 16

killings in just four months, Asia

Brown decided to hold a crisis

meeting. She put a call out to the

Gloves and Crips to get a truce.

It's my community, I'm not afraid of

my own people, and it was

interesting to hear from them, but

they are very pragmatic, they talk

about the need for opportunities

they can access, they talked about

the barriers to their employment

because of criminal records, but I

told them, it's not about just what

can I do for you, I told them I am

willing to work with you if you are

going to make a commitment.

Don and

Fred are from rival gangs. Don is a

Blood. Fred is a Crip. If you'd come

across Dom in a street ten to 15

years ago...

It would be no problem.

There would have been a fight

stabbing or shooting up

because you

were in rival gangs?

Like I said, I

was young, and I didn't have a

understanding of life, all I cared

about was my gang and the rebels to

defend us.

You would have hurt him.

Yes.

Yeah.

He would have tried.

Will

is also a former gang member. He

served 12 years in prison for a

string of offences, including

carjacking at gun possession. In

December 1999, he decided to turn

his life around

a of kids are

looking for something when they join

gangs. They are looking for

something. There was something

missing. The gangs cater to those

things that are missing.

This was

almost a shared store between two

rival gangs, so a lot of people lost

their lives up here, a lot of

shootings and drive-bys.

He now

spends most of his nights on the

streets, trying to stop conflicts

from happening or getting out of

control.

We are going corner to

corner, communicating with those

that are always out.

For the mayor,

it's also personal. Down this quite

street is Asia's former family home.

My mother was a registered nurse and

worked overnight, and her schedule

was a bit different, and there was a

home intrusion and somebody raped

and murdered her. The loss of the

light is for a lifetime, and there

are holes that are created that can

never be filled and it gives me a

level of compassion, respect and

even inside and perspective into

what most people are dealing with.

The mayor's story isn't uncommon.

There is a level of post-traumatic

stress in this town that comes from

decades of extreme violence. But

maybe it's that shared experience

that could also drive people to end

the violence.

And a reminder you can catch

the full version of that half hour

documentary on Our World

here on the BBC this weekend.

On days like today, which seem

pretty bleak in the United States

after the Florida shooting, it's

worth remembering that things can

get done, and Compton is a symbol of

that, when the mayor and Sheriff and

former gang members all decided to

work together. They can reduce the

levels of homicide in the city, and

it's extraordinary to see Compton, a

town I walked around feeling totally

safe in in the middle of the

daytime, becoming normal place where

people can recover from a level of

post-traumatic stress that they have

suffered for the last few decades,

and they have done it by coming

together, working together and

putting aside their differences.

It's good to see that happening

Now, are these the world's

worst burglars?

Shanghai Police have released this

footage of two would-be burglars

in China attempting to break

into a shop in the early hours

of Wednesday morning.

As you can see, it's the accomplice

who comes off worse.

This is Beyond 100

Days from the BBC.

Coming up

for viewers on the BBC News Channel

and BBC World News,

the ultra-processed food linked

to an increased risk of cancer,

including mass-produced bread.

What should we avoid eating?

And stock market volatility is back.

We'll be asking financial guru

Alvin Hall how best to look

after our money.

That's still to come.

it may have been milder, sunnier for

many today, but they have still been

some snow showers around, especially

in north-west Scotland. Let's focus

on the sunshine in Norfolk this

afternoon, a gorgeous afternoon.

England and Wales saw a few showers,

wintry into Northern Ireland.

Speckled cloud in the satellite

picture, indicating showers, but

bigger cloud in north-west Scotland

with frequent, heavy, wintry

showers. They continue overnight and

there will be further snow in the

hills. Blizzard is developing in the

wind. A few showers on the western

side of Northern Ireland. Elsewhere,

largely dry and clear, with a

widespread frost in the morning.

Still picking up a few showers on

Friday, particularly in north-west

Scotland during the day, so further

snow showers. One or two showers for

more than Ireland, Wales, England,

but many will be dry. Morning

sunshine and cloud increasing to the

west of the UK, leaving the best of

the afternoon sunny spells in

eastern areas and temperatures

fairly respectable, around seven to

ten Celsius, hire the further south

you are. Friday night and Saturday

morning, we are going to bring some

outbreaks of rain, sleet and hill

snow across parts of Northern

Ireland, Scotland and northern

England, running into northern

Wales, but the system weakening as

it heads south on Saturday morning.

More cloud around, temperatures as

low as this, but perhaps some fog

patches on Saturday morning, dense

in one or two spots. Overall, the

weather pattern hasn't changed much

for the first part of the weekend.

Starting with more cloud around as

northern parts. A few showers,

wintry on hills, and the best sunny

spells in southern areas, but many

of us will see sunshine at some

stage on Saturday, and temperatures

at six to 9 degrees foremost, maybe

ten or 11 in the mildest spots. More

cloud on Sunday, especially across

northern and western areas of the

UK, leaving central and eastern with

the best sunny spells. Where you

have got the cloud, dampest Risley,

but it's a bit milder on Sunday. --

damp and drizzly.

This is Beyond 100 Days with me,

Katty Kay, in Washington.

Our top stories...

President Trump says making schools

safer is a key priority as 17

people are shot dead

at a school in florida.

Democratic Senator Chris Murphy

told this programme...

Schools will only be made safer

fresh Richter- legislation. -- be

made safer through further gun

legislation.

This is something exclusive to the

United States.

And in the last half

an hour, the suspected gunman

appearing in court on murder

charges.

We'll have the latest from south

Florida in a moment.

Also coming up in

the next half hour...

The ultra-processed, mass-produced

foods reportedly linked to cancer.

We have the findings of a new study.

Angelic eyesore

or saintly sculpture?

One of Britain's most

divisive landmarks turns 20,

but is everyone celebrating?

Let us know your thoughts

by using the hashtag...

Returning to our main story -

the shooting at a high school

in Parkland, Florida which has left

17 people dead.

Nikolas Cruz, a 19-year-old who had

been expelled from the school, has

been charged with multiple counts

of premeditated murder.

He has appeared in court and the

judge ordered he remain in jail

without Dale. -- without bail.

For more, we can cross to the BBC's

Nada Tawfik in Parkland.

What is the latest?

The authorities here are starting to

build a profile of the shooter. It

is now known that the FBI had him on

the radar as early as September. On

social media, on YouTube video, you

declare that he would be a school

shooter. The FBI says they conducted

an investigation but were unable to

identify the person at the time, so

of course questions are being raised

about if there were opportunities

missed to prevent this tragedy. I

spoke to some students here who said

he was someone deeply troubled and

would speak about guns and killing

animals. Authorities here have also

talked about the Sheriff. Spoken

about how administrators are warned

teachers about this individual.

Again, questions being raised about

what our virginity is where missed

to prevent this. -- about what

opportunities were missed.

There are questions about what more

can be done to prevent shooters

walking on campuses with these

deadly weapons.

How does the US compare

with other countries when it

comes to gun killings

as a percentage of homicides?

In the US, it's 64%.

Compare that to Canada, where

firearms laws are much tougher,

and that figure drops

by more than half - to 30%.

Australia, 13%.

Meanwhile, in England and Wales,

where citizens are not allowed

to carry any sort of

gun, it's just 4.5%.

Moving on to the top 10 countries

in which civilians own guns,

it's no surprise

where comes out top.

In America, nearly nine out of 10

people own a firearm.

With me now is in North America

editor, Jon Sopel. Is this really

the issue? The president talked

about mental health, security or in

schools. In the end, isn't the issue

of gun ownership in the country?

My

guess would be that incidence of

mental illness is the same in the UK

as the US. The same as France as the

US, the same in the Netherlands. So

it can't be that that explains why

there are so many more gun deaths in

the United States of America than

there are in any of those advanced

industrial nations of Europe. The

reason is guns. It is incorrigible

that anyone could argue otherwise.

There are other arguments about it.

What measures can you do to make

sure background checks are

increased? The guns of the

difference. Mental illness is not

the problem unique to the US. The

death toll from guns is unique to

the United States of America.

You

know this country well. I know this

is a problem other countries look at

and they think, why can't America

fix this? Everyone else seems to

average is the rate of gun crime in

their own countries. Why does

America live with this? But as you

know, it is incredibly difficult

political issue to get members of

Congress to budge on.

Why? It's

difficult to get them to budge on it

because largely, there are enough a

lot of gun-owners revoked. -- who

vote. A lot of people in America own

guns and a body called the National

Rifle Association is immensely poor.

Even though you have opinion polls

that say, you know what, a majority

of us favoured tighter gun laws, the

NRA is so powerful and affecting the

way that senators vote, they tend

not to vote for change. If you look

back to Sandy Hook, Barack Obama, a

Democratic majority in the house did

not get gun reform measures through.

Also, it is immensely complicated.

You can say, let's ban the AR-15

assault rifle. How do you ban what

is deemed a semiautomatic? The

Clinton Administration tried it. But

it was deemed unworkable because

there are so many variations and

nuances. You can say that there is a

total ban on handguns, like they did

in the UK, but to try and change it

by five degrees or ten degrees is

incredibly, located.

And millions of

guns in society that you would have

to bring back into the authority's

control as well. Jon Sopel, thank

you very much for joining the

programme.

Many of you watching in the US,

the UK or Europe may just have

eaten your lunch or evening meal -

did you go for something convenient

- a microwave meal, perhaps -

something savoury rounded off

by a cake?

Well, our next item might just leave

a bitter taste in your mouth.

According to research out today,

eating ultra-processed foods

could be linked to an increased

risk of cancer.

Here's our health correspondent

James Gallagher with the details.

Pizza and fizzy drinks

are ultra-processed foods,

but so too are bread

and breakfast cereals.

They are some of the nation's

favourite foods but new concerns

have been raised by French

scientists.

They think the way these foods

are produced or packaged may be

raising the risk of cancer.

It may come as a surprise but around

half the foods we eat

are classed as ultra-processed.

That generally means they're made

in a factory with a huge list

of ingredients down the side

of the packet.

We know they're bad for our

waistlines, but could they be bad

for our health in other ways too?

The French study looked

at nearly 105,000 people.

They were quite young,

with an average age of 43.

The results showed a 10% increase

in ultra-processed foods was linked

to a 12% increase in the risk

of cancer, and an 11% increase

in breast cancer risk.

But critics say the term

"ultra-processed" encompasses

so many foods it's hard to work out

what's really going

on, and while this research

has found hints

of a link with cancer,

it's not definitive.

So do we need to bin the bread?

We should not be panicking.

I think as all of us know,

highly processed foods like these -

so things like pizza,

crisps and chips are not

things we should be making

the main focus of our diet.

This study adds to our understanding

but it's not saying anything new,

and it certainly isn't saying

we need to throw these foods

away out of our cupboards.

Gorging on huge amounts of processed

food will make us fat

and being overweight is the biggest

preventable cause of

cancer after smoking.

For health experts, the study

is a timely reminder

we all need to improve our diets.

On average, our diets

are unhealthy in this country.

We all, on average, need to take

steps to improve our diet so, yes,

take the results of this study

seriously and make changes.

The Saxtons from Doncaster

say processed food is

a fact of family life.

You think, well, how can you avoid

buying ultra-processed

food unless you grow

everything yourself basically.

I think evening is not as difficult

as the mornings, I think,

in terms of breakfasts.

That's very difficult to rule out

cereal and toast on a day-to-day

basis when you're doing the school

run and rushing to get out the door.

Any dangers lurking in these foods

are continuing to be investigated,

but eating less of this and more

of this is clearly

good for your health.

James Gallagher, BBC News.

But the doughnuts look so good!

Let's get the thoughts of Amanda

Ersell, who is a nutritionist.

She's in our London studio.

Amanda Sacker, do you think people

even know what constitutes

ultra-processed or highly processed

food?

That's a very good point. Very

often, people don't stop to think

about it, because they are so much

part of our I trained as a dietician

many years ago. I then, we didn't

have the bread and depth of

processed foods then that we have no

that are now part of our lives. I

think people don't stop to think

about it. But if they did stop for a

few minutes, they could work out the

ones that have a long list of

ingredients on the side of the pack

and be much resemblance to the

original. For example, if you had

sweetcorn as, macabre, you could

have it like that, but if you

processed it, it would be in a can,

you could process it more and put it

in a ready meal. If you thought

about it, you can work out what is

processed. But that family made a

very interesting point. It is very

difficult to get them out of our

lifestyles because the convenient.

I

have four kids and in the morning,

we have cereal and toast. It is

probably very bad for us. When you

look at that study, to what extent

is it reliable? How do we know

whether the people eating the

ultra-processed foods are also the

same people who might have a

tendency to drink more, smokeless or

have other bad habits?

That is a

very good point. Scientists say we

need more studies to see these

suggested links are rare in reality.

We do to remember that people's

diets were only taken over a two-day

period. That is a small snapshot of

what we actually do. A two-day

period and then a five-year

follow-up. Although they take into

account things like smoking, weight

and exercise, and whether the women

were on the contraceptive pill or

not, they took that in account and

made statistical allowances but they

can't rule out that some of us did

not actually have an impact as well.

What it comes back to, and it is

really boring, because as a

nutritionist, I have been saying

this for many years, it comes back

to a healthy lifestyle and are

generally healthy diet. There is

absolutely no reason why you can't

have peace in our bed. One of those

nice doughnuts that you said earlier

lit tasty! But it is keeping it in

proportion and perspective.

Too busy

families looking at this programme,

what is one thing they could do that

is realistic and doable that would

improve their diet and health?

You

can switch the very processed

breakfast serials to porridge. You

can do that night before. That is a

quick and simple switch that would

potentially cut down on salt, sugar

and improve fibre intake. There we

are. One quick swap.

I love that. I

eat porridge every morning. Amanda,

thank you for joining us on breaking

that down for us.

Choose France -

that's the clarion call

from the French President,

Emmanuel Macron, as he tries

to change international perceptions

of doing business in the country.

He's been wooing business

leaders at Versailles,

as our Paris correspondent

Lucy Williamson reports.

Maybe you're thinking that

France and business don't

really go together.

So what if we take two

minutes to tackle a few

little misconceptions?

France has has been telling

the world it's open for business.

Since Emmanuel Macron came to power,

it's loosened labour rules and cut

corporate and wealth taxes.

Welcome to France, where every week,

21 foreign companies decide

to make investments.

And they don't just come to hire

French people who spend their time

on holidays drinking cocktails.

Protection for workers has been core

policy here for decades,

but President Macron has tried

to shake France's image as a country

of public strikes, high taxes

and rigid bureaucracy.

The problem for the last,

I would say, 30 years

is that we have insisted maybe

too much on solidarity,

and if you want to be able to fund

solidarity and to help the poorest

people of the nation,

you need to have competitiveness,

you need to have strong private

companies, you need to be able

to create jobs.

Mr President, it's great to see you.

How have you been?

Last month, Mr Macron invited 140

business leaders to Versailles

for a speed networking session.

You're doing a great job.

Foreign companies invested

$50 billion in France last year,

a rise of almost 80%.

Much of that was committed before

Mr Macron's election,

but the American Chamber of Commerce

here also found that three-quarters

of their investors,

more than ever before,

thought the business

environment would improve.

Google recently announced

it was expanding its French

workforce and opening a new research

centre for artificial intelligence.

There is a little bit

of a French paradox.

The French paradox is that 80%

of the French users use the internet

every day, but only 16%

of the company sell online,

so this is really the paradox

that we are talking

about and the massive opportunity.

France's traditional economic model

has left pockets of potential to be

tapped by future investors -

what one economist called

"low hanging fruit".

And then there's Brexit.

France is keen to attract financial

firms from the City of London

after Brexit and bring them

here to its main business district

at La Defense.

It's offering more international

schools, tax cuts and the lure

of a Parisian lifestyle.

But France is still seen to be

an expensive place to do business

and there's stiff competition

from Dublin and Frankfurt.

But business leaders say

President Macron's approach has

sparked new confidence here.

After all, as France's

business agency puts it,

entrepreneur is a French

word to begin with.

Of course, if you have to move to

France, you will not be and resist

those nice croissants, which as we

have held, is a bad idea.

In other news from

around the world...

Still to come - we'll be getting

advice from a financial

guru about how we should

protect our finances ,

when stock markets take

a roller-coaster ride.

Former football coach Barry Bennell

has been found guilty of more

charges of sexual abuse of boys who

were in his care. The BBC's Danny

Savage has this for us.

I was abused by Barry Bennell as a

child.

I am Stephen Walters. I was

abused by Barry Bennell.

Three of the 12 victims in this

case, damaged by controlling

paedophile Barry Bennell.

No defiant

and weaving anonymity to shed light

on the shocking childhood

experiences.

For decades, we held

our silence, just like our abuser

told us to. For decades, we lived in

fear

told us to. For decades, we lived in

fear. We might be grown men stood in

front of you know, but we were once

children.

Their remorseless abuser,

now 64, shook his head and laughed

as the jury returned a last guilty

verdicts today. One of football's

reading youth coaches, Barry Bennell

what with Manchester City and Crewe

Alexandra. For him, it was covered

to get close to young boys and abuse

them. A child molester on an

industrial scale so he was described

at the trial. Andy Woodward was also

abused by Barry Bennell. When he

went public, other victims broke the

silence. If other victims haven't

come forward, what would your

message to them?

I believe there is

other victims. It is up to them

whether they feel they are strong

enough to come forward but I hope

this has given them some more

courage that justice has been served

today.

It's understood that more

than 80 other men have come forward

to say Barry Bennell abused them.

This prolific paedophile will be

sentenced next week.

You're watching Beyond 100 Days.

Financial markets around the world

are creeping up as investors look

for bargains after the big

sell offs of last week.

But many economists agree

we are heading into a period

of volatility in stock markets,

so how should we protect ourselves

against those highs and lows?

Alvin Hall is an author,

broadcaster and financial guru.

He joins now from our

New York studio.

Before we get to what we should be

doing with whatever little savings

we have, are we going to have a

continued need of volatility and is

this the new normal for 2018? I

suspect it's going to be. There are

a lot of online is out there. And

keep to the increased use of

algorithms and High Speed 3 trading.

-- and he to the increased use of

spending.

Interest rates going up,

businesses face new challenges. That

means the market will reflect those

challenges.

The algorithms and

robots doing the buying and selling,

are they just exacerbating

underlying macro trends or is it

that we can no longer look at the

real economy for what the stock

market will do?

Brilliant question.

It is an interesting dance. Those

algorithms look at certain factors

and reflect the biases and beliefs

of the creators of the algorithms.

If the market goes to a certain

number, and Michael even lower than

the algorithms begins to sell. -- it

might go even lower and the

algorithm begins to sell. The

slightest sign of wage increases,

the algorithm changes and they come

up with the investment strategy.

I

have two kids in US colleges. I have

no disposable income! M as you have

more. To those around the world as

being how they can protect

themselves against highs and lows,

what is it you're doing?

My advice

first is look at your time horizon.

If you have money in the market, now

is the time to plot out a hat. A

friend of mine yesterday that I have

lunch with, his son is beginning

college. They put money aside, sold

stocks and put it into safer

security so that they have the next

two years coming. The other thing

you have to look at is the

composition of your portfolio. In my

case, I have a lot of high

volatility stocks. Volatility is

called stocks picked up -- stocks

beta. As the market goes down, they

drop a lot more. What I have been

doing is trimming back on some of

those stocks because I am

uncomfortable. The bottom line is

whether the volatility rises you

sleepless nights. If so, you need to

start trimming back on the stocks

that cause your portfolio to be

volatile.

Lots of things cosmic

little Smyczek smack is your advice

applicable to people watching around

the world? -- lots of things cause

me sleepless nights. Is your advice

applicable to people around the

world?

These things are connected

but you have to look at your

particular market because there

might be some unique things about

your market which causes it not to

respond the same way in the US.

Overall, I would say, yes, all these

other economies would get a call.

They all tend to move in sequence

these days. So the advice is

applicable to many people who are

looking at what they need to do with

their money today and in the next

two, 510 years.

OK, thank you very

much for joining us.

-- two, five or

ten years.

That was the cleanest

advice I have had to do with my

stocks. Thank you.

Love them or loathe them -

some landmarks aren't

to everyone's taste.

Mount Rushmore here in the US most

definitely divides opinion,

as does London's iconic glass

tower, the Shard.

Even the Eiffel Tower put out some

Parisians when it was first built.

Now, one of Britain's

most popular landmarks -

once described by one art critic

as a "monstrosity" -

See what you make of it.

Here's Fiona Trott.

The unmistakable Angel of the North,

towering over the A1 in Gateshead.

It's one of the most photographed

landmarks in Britain and viewed

by 33 million people every year.

I've grown to love it.

I think people do have a very

warm feeling about it.

It's an artwork that doesn't stand

on its own as an artwork

in a gallery but it's very much part

of everyday life, in Gateshead

and in this region.

In the middle of the night 20 years

ago, the Angel of the North

made its slow journey up the A1.

It was built in Hartlepool.

Its body as long as four

double-decker buses.

Its wings wider than a Boeing 757.

People gathered at the former

colliery site in Gateshead

to watch it put in place.

An historic moment.

At first, people were sceptical.

Why an angel?

Why so monumental?

But soon they claimed it

as their own, and that's exactly

what the sculptor wanted.

The fact is it's not my Angel,

it is the Angel of the North

and that means a lot to me.

I had an idea, but it was realised,

it was made by the people

of the north-east and it comes

from that extraordinary

story of the relationship

between coalmining, iron,

engineering and that history

of the Industrial Revolution.

For many, it's a special place.

There have even been

marriage proposals here.

Local people say it's put

the north-east on the map.

Northumberland is fabulous

and the Angel I think depicts just

how good we are up here.

Well, I'm up from London and I just

wanted to see it for myself.

I've heard about it before

and, yeah, it's pretty

impressive if you ask me.

I think I didn't like it

in the beginning, I think a lot

of people would say that,

but it's really grown

on me and now I love it.

On its 20th birthday, the Angel

is preparing for a medical.

Like all structures,

its joints need to be checked

so it can stand proud

for future generations.

Fiona Trott, BBC News, Gateshead.

I am sort of reassured to hear that

her joints are ageing and she is a

lightweight -- and she is only 20. I

am a great fan of Angel of the

North. Not so much meant Rushmore...

OK, so you might have noticed

but there's been something

missing this week...

I am talking about Christian.

We tried replacing him

with Paddington Bear but it

really wasn't the same.

Paddington doesn't answer back in

the way that Britain does. -- that

Christian does.

In case you were wondering,

Christian's been off skiing

with his family in the Pyrenees.

That is Christian, and of those

goggles.

They have had a lovely

time, no broken bones

and he will be back next week.

He is now a skiing whiz. He says he

has been watching the programme. But

he thinks